285 lines
10 KiB
Markdown
285 lines
10 KiB
Markdown
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# 使用软件源加速软件包安装
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## 概述
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在 TKE 环境中，在容器运行中或构建镜像时，如果需要安装一些软件包，通常会使用基础镜像内自带的包管理工具进行安装，而基础镜像内默认的软件源在国内使用往往会比较慢，造成安装过程非常慢。而腾讯云实际本身提供了各个 linux 发行版的软件源，我们将容器内的软件源替换为腾讯云的软件源即可实现加速。
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## 确定 linux 发行版版本
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一般容器镜像都是基于某个基础镜像构建而来，通常查看 Dockerfile 就可以直到基础镜像用的哪个 linux 发行版。
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也可以直接进入运行中的容器，执行 `cat /etc/os-release` 来检查基础镜像的 linux 发行版版本。
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## Ubuntu
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先根据 Ubuntu 发新版替换软件源，然后执行 `apt update -y` 更新软件源，最后再使用 `apt install -y xxx` 来安装需要的软件包。
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**下面是各发行版的软件源替换方法**
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### Ubuntu 20
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```bash
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cat > /etc/apt/sources.list <<'EOF'
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deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
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deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
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deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
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#deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
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#deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
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deb-src http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
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deb-src http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
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deb-src http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
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#deb-src http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
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#deb-src http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
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EOF
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```
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### Ubuntu 18
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```bash
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cat > /etc/apt/sources.list <<'EOF'
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deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
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deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
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deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
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#deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
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#deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
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deb-src http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
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deb-src http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
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deb-src http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
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#deb-src http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
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#deb-src http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
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EOF
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```
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### Ubuntu 16
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```bash
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cat > /etc/apt/sources.list <<'EOF'
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deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
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deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
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deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
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deb-src http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
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deb-src http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
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deb-src http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
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EOF
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```
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## Debian
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先根据 Debian 发新版替换软件源，然后执行 `apt update -y` 更新软件源，最后再使用 `apt install -y xxx` 安装需要的软件包。
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**下面是各发行版的软件源替换方法**
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### Debian 10
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```bash
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cat > /etc/apt/sources.list <<'EOF'
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deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/debian buster main contrib non-free
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# deb-src http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/debian buster main contrib non-free
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deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/debian buster-updates main contrib non-free
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# deb-src http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/debian buster-updates main contrib non-free
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deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/debian-security buster/updates main contrib non-free
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# deb-src http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/debian-security buster/updates main contrib non-free
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# deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/debian buster-backports main contrib non-free
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# deb-src http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/debian buster-backports main contrib non-free
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# deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/debian buster-proposed-updates main contrib non-free
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# deb-src http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/debian buster-proposed-updates main contrib non-free
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EOF
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```
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### Debian 9
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```bash
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cat > /etc/apt/sources.list <<'EOF'
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deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/debian stretch main contrib non-free
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deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/debian stretch-updates main contrib non-free
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deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/debian-security stretch/updates main
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#deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/debian stretch-backports main contrib non-free
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#deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/debian stretch-proposed-updates main contrib non-free
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deb-src http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/debian stretch main contrib non-free
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deb-src http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/debian stretch-updates main contrib non-free
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deb-src http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/debian-security stretch/updates main
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#deb-src http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/debian stretch-backports main contrib non-free
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#deb-src http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/debian stretch-proposed-updates main contrib non-free
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EOF
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```
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## CentOS
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先删除 CentOS 镜像中所有自带软件源:
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```bash
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rm -f /etc/yum.repos.d/*
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```
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再根据 CentOS 发新版替换软件源，然后执行下面命令更新缓存:
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```bash
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yum clean all
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yum makecache
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```
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最后再使用 `yum install -y xxx` 来安装需要的软件包。
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**下面是各发行版的软件源替换方法**
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### CentOS 8
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```bash
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cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo <<'EOF'
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# Qcloud-Base.repo
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[BaseOS]
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name=Qcloud-$releasever - BaseOS
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baseurl=http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/centos/$releasever/BaseOS/$basearch/os/
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gpgcheck=1
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enabled=1
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gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-Qcloud-8
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EOF
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cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Epel.repo <<'EOF'
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[epel]
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name=EPEL for redhat/centos $releasever - $basearch
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baseurl=http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/epel/$releasever/Everything/$basearch
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failovermethod=priority
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enabled=1
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gpgcheck=1
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gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-8
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EOF
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cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-centosplus.repo <<'EOF'
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# Qcloud-centosplus.repo
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[centosplus]
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name=Qcloud-$releasever - Plus
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baseurl=http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/os/
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gpgcheck=1
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enabled=0
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gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-Qcloud-8
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EOF
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cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/Qcloud-Extras.repo <<'EOF'
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# Qcloud-Extras.repo
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[extras]
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name=Qcloud-$releasever - Extras
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baseurl=http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/os/
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gpgcheck=1
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enabled=1
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gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-Qcloud-8
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EOF
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cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/Qcloud-Devel.repo <<'EOF'
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# Qcloud-Devel.repo
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[Devel]
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name=Qcloud-$releasever - Devel WARNING! FOR BUILDROOT USE ONLY!
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baseurl=http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/$contentdir/$releasever/Devel/$basearch/os/
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gpgcheck=1
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enabled=0
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gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-Qcloud-8
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EOF
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cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/Qcloud-AppStream.repo <<'EOF'
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# Qcloud-AppStream.repo
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[AppStream]
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name=Qcloud-$releasever - AppStream
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baseurl=http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/centos/$releasever/AppStream/$basearch/os/
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gpgcheck=1
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enabled=1
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gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-Qcloud-8
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EOF
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cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/Qcloud-PowerTools.repo <<'EOF'
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# Qcloud-PowerTools.repo
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[PowerTools]
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name=Qcloud-$releasever - PowerTools
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baseurl=http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/centos/$releasever/PowerTools/$basearch/os/
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gpgcheck=1
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enabled=0
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gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-Qcloud-8
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EOF
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cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/Qcloud-HA.repo <<'EOF'
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# Qcloud-HA.repo
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[HighAvailability]
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name=Qcloud-$releasever - HA
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baseurl=http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/$contentdir/$releasever/HighAvailability/$basearch/os/
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gpgcheck=1
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enabled=0
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gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-Qcloud-8
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EOF
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```
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### CenOS 7
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```bash
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cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo <<'EOF'
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[extras]
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gpgcheck=1
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gpgkey=http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
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enabled=1
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baseurl=http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
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name=Qcloud centos extras - $basearch
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[os]
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gpgcheck=1
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gpgkey=http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
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enabled=1
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baseurl=http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
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name=Qcloud centos os - $basearch
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[updates]
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gpgcheck=1
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gpgkey=http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
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enabled=1
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baseurl=http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
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name=Qcloud centos updates - $basearch
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EOF
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cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Epel.repo <<'EOF'
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[epel]
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name=EPEL for redhat/centos $releasever - $basearch
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failovermethod=priority
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gpgcheck=1
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gpgkey=http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/epel/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-7
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enabled=1
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baseurl=http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/epel/$releasever/$basearch/
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EOF
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```
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### CentOS 6
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```bash
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cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo <<'EOF'
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[extras]
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gpgcheck=1
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gpgkey=http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
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enabled=1
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baseurl=http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
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name=Qcloud centos extras - $basearch
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[os]
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gpgcheck=1
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gpgkey=http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
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enabled=1
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baseurl=http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
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name=Qcloud centos os - $basearch
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[updates]
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gpgcheck=1
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gpgkey=http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
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enabled=1
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baseurl=http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
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name=Qcloud centos updates - $basearch
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EOF
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cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Epel.repo <<'EOF'
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[epel]
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name=epel for redhat/centos $releasever - $basearch
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failovermethod=priority
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gpgcheck=1
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gpgkey=http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/epel/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-6
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enabled=1
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baseurl=http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/epel/$releasever/$basearch/
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EOF
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```
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