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<span class="token literal-property property">item</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'canvas'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">qty</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">tags</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">'cotton'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">size</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">h</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">28</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token literal-property property">w</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">35.5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token literal-property property">uom</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'cm'</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre></div><p>【示例】插入多条 document 示例</p> <div class="language-javascript extra-class"><pre class="language-javascript"><code>db<span class="token punctuation">.</span>inventory<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">insertMany</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">item</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'journal'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">qty</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">25</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">tags</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">'blank'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'red'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">size</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">h</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">14</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token literal-property property">w</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">21</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token literal-property property">uom</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'cm'</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">item</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'mat'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">qty</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">85</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">tags</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">'gray'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">size</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">h</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">27.9</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token literal-property property">w</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">35.5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token literal-property property">uom</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'cm'</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">item</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'mousepad'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">qty</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">25</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">tags</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">'gel'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'blue'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">size</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">h</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">19</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token literal-property property">w</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">22.85</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token literal-property property">uom</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'cm'</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre></div><h3 id="read-操作"><a href="#read-操作" class="header-anchor">#</a> Read 操作</h3> <p>MongoDB 提供 <a href="https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/method/db.collection.find/#db.collection.find" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><code>db.collection.find()</code><span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a> 方法来检索 document。</p> <p><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/dunwu/images/master/snap/20200924113832.svg" alt="img"></p> <h3 id="update-操作"><a href="#update-操作" class="header-anchor">#</a> Update 操作</h3> <p>MongoDB 提供以下操作来更新 collection 中的 document</p> <ul><li><a href="https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/method/db.collection.updateOne/#db.collection.updateOne" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><code>db.collection.updateOne()</code><span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a>：更新一条 document</li> <li><a href="https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/method/db.collection.updateMany/#db.collection.updateMany" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><code>db.collection.updateMany()</code><span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a>：更新多条 document</li> <li><a href="https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/method/db.collection.replaceOne/#db.collection.replaceOne" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><code>db.collection.replaceOne()</code><span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a>：替换一条 document</li></ul> <p>语法格式：</p> <ul><li><a href="https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/method/db.collection.updateOne/#db.collection.updateOne" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><code>db.collection.updateOne(&lt;filter&gt;, &lt;update&gt;, &lt;options&gt;)</code><span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">item</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'canvas'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">qty</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">size</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">h</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">28</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token literal-property property">w</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">35.5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token literal-property property">uom</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'cm'</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">status</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'A'</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">item</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'journal'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token literal-property property">qty</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">25</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token literal-property property">size</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">h</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">14</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token literal-property property">w</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">21</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token literal-property property">uom</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'cm'</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token literal-property property">status</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'A'</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">item</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'mat'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token literal-property property">qty</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">85</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token literal-property property">size</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">h</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">27.9</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token literal-property property">w</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">35.5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token literal-property property">uom</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'cm'</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token literal-property property">status</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'A'</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">item</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'mousepad'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">qty</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">25</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">size</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">h</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">19</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token literal-property property">w</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">22.85</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token literal-property property">uom</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'cm'</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">status</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'P'</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">item</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'notebook'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">qty</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">50</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">size</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">h</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">8.5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token literal-property property">w</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">11</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token literal-property property">uom</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'in'</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">status</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'P'</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">item</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'paper'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token literal-property property">qty</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token literal-property property">size</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">h</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">8.5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token literal-property property">w</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">11</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token literal-property property">uom</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'in'</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token literal-property property">status</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'D'</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">item</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'planner'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">qty</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">75</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">size</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">h</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">22.85</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token literal-property property">w</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">30</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token literal-property property">uom</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'cm'</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">status</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'D'</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">item</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'postcard'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">qty</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">45</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">size</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">h</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token literal-property property">w</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">15.25</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token literal-property property">uom</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'cm'</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">status</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'A'</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">item</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'sketchbook'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">qty</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">size</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">h</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">14</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token literal-property property">w</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">21</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token literal-property property">uom</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'cm'</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">status</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'A'</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">item</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'sketch pad'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">qty</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">95</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">size</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">h</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">22.85</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token literal-property property">w</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">30.5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token literal-property property">uom</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'cm'</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">status</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'A'</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre></div><p>【示例】更新一条 document</p> <div class="language-javascript extra-class"><pre class="language-javascript"><code>db<span class="token punctuation">.</span>inventory<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">updateOne</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">item</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'paper'</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">$set</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token string-property property">'size.uom'</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'cm'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token literal-property property">status</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'P'</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">$currentDate</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">lastModified</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre></div><p>【示例】更新多条 document</p> <div class="language-javascript extra-class"><pre class="language-javascript"><code>db<span class="token punctuation">.</span>inventory<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">updateMany</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">qty</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">$lt</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">50</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">$set</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token string-property property">'size.uom'</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'in'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token literal-property property">status</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'P'</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">$currentDate</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">lastModified</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre></div><p>【示例】替换一条 document</p> <div class="language-javascript extra-class"><pre class="language-javascript"><code>db<span class="token punctuation">.</span>inventory<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">replaceOne</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">item</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'paper'</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">item</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'paper'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">instock</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">warehouse</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'A'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token literal-property property">qty</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">60</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">warehouse</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'B'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token literal-property property">qty</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">40</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre></div><p>更新操作的特性：</p> <ul><li>MongoDB 中的所有写操作都是单个文档级别的原子操作。</li> <li>一旦设置了，就无法更新或替换 <a href="https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/glossary/#term-id" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><code>_id</code><span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a> 字段。</li> <li>除以下情况外，MongoDB 会在执行写操作后保留文档字段的顺序：
<ul><li><code>_id</code> 字段始终是文档中的第一个字段。</li> <li>包括重命名字段名称的更新可能导致文档中字段的重新排序。</li></ul></li> <li>如果更新操作中包含 <code>upsert : true</code> 并且没有 document 匹配过滤器，MongoDB 会新插入一个 document；如果有匹配的 document，MongoDB 会修改或替换这些 document。</li></ul> <h3 id="delete-操作"><a href="#delete-操作" class="header-anchor">#</a> Delete 操作</h3> <p>MongoDB 提供以下操作来删除 collection 中的 document</p> <ul><li><a href="https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/method/db.collection.deleteOne/#db.collection.deleteOne" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><code>db.collection.deleteOne()</code><span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a>：删除一条 document</li> <li><a href="https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/method/db.collection.deleteMany/#db.collection.deleteMany" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><code>db.collection.deleteMany()</code><span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a>：删除多条 document</li></ul> <p><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/dunwu/images/master/snap/20200924120007.svg" alt="img"></p> <p>删除操作的特性：</p> <ul><li>MongoDB 中的所有写操作都是单个文档级别的原子操作。</li></ul> <h2 id="二、批量写操作"><a href="#二、批量写操作" class="header-anchor">#</a> 二、批量写操作</h2> <p>MongoDB 通过 <a href="https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/method/db.collection.bulkWrite/#db.collection.bulkWrite" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><code>db.collection.bulkWrite()</code><span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a> 方法来支持批量写操作（包括批量插入、更新、删除）。</p> <p>此外，<a href="https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/method/db.collection.insertMany/#db.collection.insertMany" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><code>db.collection.insertMany()</code><span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a> 方法支持批量插入操作。</p> <h3 id="有序和无序的操作"><a href="#有序和无序的操作" class="header-anchor">#</a> 有<>
db<span class="token punctuation">.</span>characters<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">bulkWrite</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">insertOne</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">document</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">_id</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">char</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'Dithras'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token keyword">class</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'barbarian'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">lvl</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">4</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">insertOne</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">document</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">_id</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">char</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'Taeln'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token keyword">class</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'fighter'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">lvl</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">3</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">updateOne</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">filter</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">char</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'Eldon'</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">update</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">$set</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">status</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'Critical Injury'</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">deleteOne</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">filter</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">char</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'Brisbane'</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">replaceOne</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">filter</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">char</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'Meldane'</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">replacement</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">char</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'Tanys'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'oracle'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token literal-property property">lvl</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">catch</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>e<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token function">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>e<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre></div><h3 id="批量写操作策略"><a href="#批量写操作策略" class="header-anchor">#</a> 批量写操作策略</h3> <p>大量的插入操作（包括初始数据插入或常规数据导入）可能会影响分片集群的性能。对于批量插入，请考虑以下策略：</p> <h4 id="预拆分-collection"><a href="#预拆分-collection" class="header-anchor">#</a> 预拆分 collection</h4> <p>如果分片集合为空，则该集合只有一个初始 <a href="https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/glossary/#term-chunk" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">chunk<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a>，该 <a href="https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/glossary/#term-chunk" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">chunk<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a> 位于单个分片上。然后，MongoDB 必须花一些时间来接收数据，创建拆分并将拆分的块分发到可用的分片。为了避免这种性能成本，您可以按照拆分群集中的拆分块中的说明预拆分 collection。</p> <h4 id="无序写操作"><a href="#无序写操作" class="header-anchor">#</a> 无序写操作</h4> <p>要提高对分片集群的写入性能，请使用 <a href="https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/method/db.collection.bulkWrite/#db.collection.bulkWrite" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><code>bulkWrite()</code><span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a>，并将可选参数顺序设置为 false。<a href="https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/program/mongos/#bin.mongos" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><code>mongos</code><span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a> 可以尝试同时将写入操作发送到多个分片。对于空集合，首先按照分片群集中的分割 <a href="https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/glossary/#term-chunk" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">chunk<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.
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