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<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a></nav> <ul class="sidebar-links"><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>数据库综合</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>数据库中间件</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>关系型数据库</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>文档数据库</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>KV数据库</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading open"><span>列式数据库</span> <span class="arrow down"></span></p> <ul class="sidebar-links sidebar-group-items"><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable is-sub-group depth-1"><p class="sidebar-heading open"><span>HBase</span> <span class="arrow down"></span></p> <ul class="sidebar-links sidebar-group-items"><li><a href="/db-tutorial/pages/7ab03c/" aria-current="page" class="active sidebar-link">HBase 快速入门</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/db-tutorial/pages/7ab03c/#hbase-简介" class="sidebar-link">HBase 简介</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"><li class="sidebar-sub-header level3"><a href="/db-tutorial/pages/7ab03c/#为什么需要-hbase" class="sidebar-link">为什么需要 HBase</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level3"><a href="/db-tutorial/pages/7ab03c/#什么是-hbase" class="sidebar-link">什么是 HBase</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level3"><a href="/db-tutorial/pages/7ab03c/#什么时候使用-hbase" class="sidebar-link">什么时候使用 HBase</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level3"><a href="/db-tutorial/pages/7ab03c/#hbase-数据模型简介" class="sidebar-link">HBase 数据模型简介</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level3"><a href="/db-tutorial/pages/7ab03c/#特性比较" class="sidebar-link">特性比较</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level4"><a href="/db-tutorial/pages/7ab03c/#hbase-vs-rdbms" class="sidebar-link">HBase vs. RDBMS</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level4"><a href="/db-tutorial/pages/7ab03c/#hbase-vs-hdfs" class="sidebar-link">HBase vs. HDFS</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level4"><a href="/db-tutorial/pages/7ab03c/#行式数据库-vs-列式数据库" class="sidebar-link">行式数据库 vs. 列式数据库</a></li></ul></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/db-tutorial/pages/7ab03c/#hbase-安装" class="sidebar-link">HBase 安装</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/db-tutorial/pages/7ab03c/#hbase-hello-world-示例" class="sidebar-link">HBase Hello World 示例</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/db-tutorial/pages/7ab03c/#参考资料" class="sidebar-link">参考资料</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/db-tutorial/pages/c8cfeb/" class="sidebar-link">HBase 数据模型</a></li><li><a href="/db-tutorial/pages/a69528/" class="sidebar-link">HBase Schema 设计</a></li><li><a href="/db-tutorial/pages/62f8d9/" class="sidebar-link">HBase 架构</a></li><li><a href="/db-tutorial/pages/a8cad3/" class="sidebar-link">HBase Java API 基础特性</a></li><li><a href="/db-tutorial/pages/a3347e/" class="sidebar-link">HBase Java API 高级特性之过滤器</a></li><li><a href="/db-tutorial/pages/5f1bc3/" class="sidebar-link">HBase Java API 高级特性之协处理器</a></li><li><a href="/db-tutorial/pages/ce5ca0/" class="sidebar-link">HBase Java API 其他高级特性</a></li><li><a href="/db-tutorial/pages/b59ba2/" class="sidebar-link">HBase Java API 管理功能</a></li><li><a href="/db-tutorial/pages/f808fc/" class="sidebar-link">HBase 运维</a></li><li><a href="/db-tutorial/pages/263c40/" class="sidebar-link">HBase 命令</a></li></ul></section></li><li><a href="/db-tutorial/pages/ca3ca5/" class="sidebar-link">Cassandra</a></li></ul></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>搜索引擎数据库</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li></ul> </aside> <div><main class="page"><div class="theme-vdoing-wrapper "><div class="articleInfo-wrap" data-v-06225672><div class="articleInfo" data-v-06225672><ul class="breadcrumbs" data-v-06225672><li data-v-06225672><a href="/db-tutorial/" title="首页" class="iconfont icon-home router-link-active" data-v-06225672></a></li> <li data-v-06225672><a href="/db-tutorial/categories/?category=%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%BA%93" title="分类" data-v-06225672>数据库</a></li><li data-v-06225672><a href="/db-tutorial/categories/?category=%E5%88%97%E5%BC%8F%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%BA%93" title="分类" data-v-06225672>列式数据库</a></li><li data-v-06225672><a href="/db-tutorial/categories/?category=HBase" title="分类" data-v-06225672>HBase</a></li></ul> <div class="info" data-v-06225672><div title="作者" class="author iconfont icon-touxiang" data-v-06225672><a href="https://github.com/dunwu" target="_blank" title="作者" class="beLink" data-v-06225672>dunwu</a></div> <div title="创建时间" class="date iconfont icon-riqi" data-v-06225672><a href="javascript:;" data-v-06225672>2020-02-10</a></div> <!----></div></div></div> <!----> <div class="content-wrapper"><div class="right-menu-wrapper"><div class="right-menu-margin"><div class="right-menu-title">目录</div> <div class="right-menu-content"></div></div></div> <h1><img src="data:image/png;base64,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">HBase 快速入门<!----></h1> <div class="theme-vdoing-content content__default"><h1 id="hbase-快速入门"><a href="#hbase-快速入门" class="header-anchor">#</a> HBase 快速入门</h1> <h2 id="hbase-简介"><a href="#hbase-简介" class="header-anchor">#</a> HBase 简介</h2> <h3 id="为什么需要-hbase"><a href="#为什么需要-hbase" class="header-anchor">#</a> 为什么需要 HBase</h3> <p>在介绍 HBase 之前，我们不妨先了解一下为什么需要 HBase，或者说 HBase 是为了达到什么目的而产生。</p> <p>在 HBase 诞生之前，Hadoop 可以通过 HDFS 来存储结构化、半结构甚至非结构化的数据，它是传统数据库的补充，是海量数据存储的最佳方法，它针对大文件的存储，批量访问和流式访问都做了优化，同时也通过多副本解决了容灾问题。</p> <p>Hadoop 的缺陷在于：它只能执行批处理，并且只能以顺序方式访问数据。这意味着即使是最简单的工作，也必须搜索整个数据集，即：<strong>Hadoop 无法实现对数据的随机访问</strong>。实现数据的随机访问是传统的关系型数据库所擅长的，但它们却不能用于海量数据的存储。在这种情况下，必须有一种新的方案来<strong>同时解决海量数据存储和随机访问的问题</strong>，HBase 就是其中之一 (HBase，Cassandra，couchDB，Dynamo 和 MongoDB 都能存储海量数据并支持随机访问)。</p> <blockquote><p>注：数据结构分类：</p> <ul><li>结构化数据：即以关系型数据库表形式管理的数据；</li> <li>半结构化数据：非关系模型的，有基本固定结构模式的数据，例如日志文件、XML 文档、JSON 文档、Email 等；</li> <li>非结构化数据：没有固定模式的数据，如 WORD、PDF、PPT、EXL，各种格式的图片、视频等。</li></ul></blockquote> <h3 id="什么是-hbase"><a href="#什么是-hbase" class="header-anchor">#</a> 什么是 HBase</h3> <p><strong>HBase 是一个构建在 HDFS（Hadoop 文件系统）之上的列式数据库</strong>。</p> <p>HBase 是一种类似于 <code>Google’s Big Table</code> 的数据模型，它是 Hadoop 生态系统的一部分，它将数据存储在 HDFS 上，客户端可以通过 HBase 实现对 HDFS 上数据的随机访问。</p> <p><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/dunwu/images/master/snap/20200601170449.png" alt="img"></p> <p>HBase 的<strong>核心特性</strong>如下：</p> <ul><li><strong>分布式</strong> <ul><li><strong>伸缩性</strong>：支持通过增减机器进行水平扩展，以提升整体容量和性能</li> <li><strong>高可用</strong>：支持 RegionServers 之间的自动故障转移</li> <li><strong>自动分区</strong>：Region 分散在集群中，当行数增长的时候，Region 也会自动的分区再均衡</li></ul></li> <li><strong>超大数据集</strong>：HBase 被设计用来读写超大规模的数据集（数十亿行至数百亿行的表）</li> <li><strong>支持结构化、半结构化和非结构化的数据</strong>：由于 HBase 基于 HDFS 构建，所以和 HDFS 一样，支持结构化、半结构化和非结构化的数据</li> <li><strong>非关系型数据库</strong> <ul><li><strong>不支持标准 SQL 语法</strong></li> <li><strong>没有真正的索引</strong></li> <li><strong>不支持复杂的事务</strong>：只支持行级事务，即单行数据的读写都是原子性的</li></ul></li></ul> <p>HBase 的其他特性</p> <ul><li>读写操作遵循强一致性</li> <li>过滤器支持谓词下推</li> <li>易于使用的 Java 客户端 API</li> <li>它支持线性和模块化可扩展性。</li> <li>HBase 表支持 Hadoop MapReduce 作业的便捷基类</li> <li>很容易使用 Java API 进行客户端访问</li> <li>为实时查询提供块缓存 BlockCache 和布隆过滤器</li> <li>它通过服务器端过滤器提供查询谓词下推</li></ul> <h3 id="什么时候使用-hbase"><a href="#什么时候使用-hbase" class="header-anchor">#</a> 什么时候使用 HBase</h3> <p>根据上一节对于 HBase 特性的介绍，我们可以梳理出 HBase 适用、不适用的场景：</p> <p>HBase 不适用场景：</p> <ul><li>需要索引</li> <li>需要复杂的事务</li> <li>数据量较小（比如：数据量不足几百万行）</li></ul> <p>HBase 适用场景：</p> <ul><li>能存储海量数据并支持随机访问（比如：数据量级达到十亿级至百亿级）</li> <li>存储结构化、半结构化数据</li> <li>硬件资源充足</li></ul> <blockquote><p>一言以蔽之——HBase 适用的场景是：<strong>实时地随机访问超大数据集</strong>。</p></blockquote> <p>HBase 的典型应用场景</p> <ul><li>存储监控数据</li> <li>存储用户/车辆 GPS 信息</li> <li>存储用户行为数据</li> <li>存储各种日志数据，如：访问日志、操作日志、推送日志等。</li> <li>存储短信、邮件等消息类数据</li> <li>存储网页数据</li></ul> <h3 id="hbase-数据模型简介"><a href="#hbase-数据模型简介" class="header-anchor">#</a> HBase 数据模型简介</h3> <p>前面已经提及，HBase 是一个列式数据库，其数据模型和关系型数据库有所不同。其数据模型的关键术语如下：</p> <ul><li>Table：HBase 表由多行组成。</li> <li>Row：HBase 中的一行由一个行键和一个或多个列以及与之关联的值组成。 行在存储时按行键的字母顺序排序。 为此，行键的设计非常重要。 目标是以相关行彼此靠近的方式存储数据。 常见的行键模式是网站域。 如果您的行键是域，您应该将它们反向存储（org.apache.www、org.apache.mail、org.apache.jira）。 这样，所有 Apache 域在表中彼此靠近，而不是根据子域的第一个字母展开。</li> <li>Column：HBase 中的列由列族和列限定符组成，它们由 :（冒号）字符分隔。</li> <li>Column Family：通常出于性能原因，列族在物理上将一组列及其值放在一起。 每个列族都有一组存储属性，例如它的值是否应该缓存在内存中，它的数据是如何压缩的，它的行键是如何编码的，等等。 表中的每一行都有相同的列族，尽管给定的行可能不在给定的列族中存储任何内容。</li> <li>列限定符：将列限定符添加到列族以提供给定数据片段的索引。 给定列族内容，列限定符可能是 content:html，另一个可能是 content:pdf。 尽管列族在表创建时是固定的，但列限定符是可变的，并且行之间可能有很大差异。</li> <li>Cell：单元格是行、列族和列限定符的组合，包含一个值和一个时间戳，代表值的版本。</li> <li>Timestamp：时间戳写在每个值旁边，是给定版本值的标识符。 默认情况下，时间戳表示写入数据时 RegionServer 上的时间，但您可以在将数据放入单元格时指定不同的时间戳值。</li></ul> <p><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/dunwu/images/master/cs/bigdata/hbase/1551164224778.png" alt="img"></p> <h3 id="特性比较"><a href="#特性比较" class="header-anchor">#</a> 特性比较</h3> <h4 id="hbase-vs-rdbms"><a href="#hbase-vs-rdbms" class="header-anchor">#</a> HBase vs. RDBMS</h4> <table><thead><tr><th>RDBMS</th> <th>HBase</th></tr></thead> <tbody><tr><td>RDBMS 有它的模式，描述表的整体结构的约束</td> <td>HBase 无模式，它不具有固定列模式的概念；仅定义列族</td></tr> <tr><td>支持的文件系统有 FAT、NTFS 和 EXT</td> <td>支持的文件系统只有 HDFS</td></tr> <tr><td>使用提交日志来存储日志</td> <td>使用预写日志 (WAL) 来存储日志</td></tr> <tr><td>使用特定的协调系统来协调集群</td> <td>使用 ZooKeeper 来协调集群</td></tr> <tr><td>存储的都是中小规模的数据表</td> <td>存储的是超大规模的数据表，并且适合存储宽表</td></tr> <tr><td>通常支持复杂的事务</td> <td>仅支持行级事务</td></tr> <tr><td>适用于结构化数据</td> <td>适用于半结构化、结构化数据</td></tr> <tr><td>使用主键</td> <td>使用 row key</td></tr></tbody></table> <h4 id="hbase-vs-hdfs"><a href="#hbase-vs-hdfs" class="header-anchor">#</a> HBase vs. HDFS</h4> <table><thead><tr><th>HDFS</th> <th>HBase</th></tr></thead> <tbody><tr><td>HDFS 提供了一个用于分布式存储的文件系统。</td> <td>HBase 提供面向表格列的数据存储。</td></tr> <tr><td>HDFS 为大文件提供优化存储。</td> <td>HBase 为表格数据提供了优化。</td></tr> <tr><td>HDFS 使用块文件。</td> <td>HBase 使用键值对数据。</td></tr> <tr><td>HDFS 数据模型不灵活。</td> <td>HBase 提供了一个灵活的数据模型。</td></tr> <tr><td>HDFS 使用文件系统和处理框架。</td> <td>HBase 使用带有内置 Hadoop MapReduce 支持的表格存储。</td></tr> <tr><td>HDFS 主要针对一次写入多次读取进行了优化。</td> <td>HBase 针对读/写许多进行了优化。</td></tr></tbody></table> <h4 id="行式数据库-vs-列式数据库"><a href="#行式数据库-vs-列式数据库" class="header-anchor">#</a> 行式数据库 vs. 列式数据库</h4> <table><thead><tr><th>行式数据库</th> <th>列式数据库</th></tr></thead> <tbody><tr><td>对于添加/修改操作更高效</td> <td>对于读取操作更高效</td></tr> <tr><td>读取整行数据</td> <td>仅读取必要的列数据</td></tr> <tr><td>最适合在线事务处理系统（OLTP）</td> <td>不适合在线事务处理系统（OLTP）</td></tr> <tr><td>将行数据存储在连续的页内存中</td> <td>将列数据存储在非连续的页内存中</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>列式数据库的优点：</p> <ul><li>支持数据压缩</li> <li>支持快速数据检索</li> <li>简化了管理和配置</li> <li>有利于聚合查询（例如 COUNT、SUM、AVG、MIN 和 MAX）的高性能</li> <li>分区效率很高，因为它提供了自动分片机制的功能，可以将较大的区域分配给较小的区域</li></ul> <p>列式数据库的缺点：</p> <ul><li>JOIN 查询和来自多个表的数据未优化</li> <li>必须为频繁的删除和更新创建拆分，因此降低了存储效率</li> <li>由于非关系数据库的特性，分区和索引的设计非常困难</li></ul> <h2 id="hbase-安装"><a href="#hbase-安装" class="header-anchor">#</a> HBase 安装</h2> <ul><li><a href="https://hbase.apache.org/book.html#quickstart" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">独立模式<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a></li> <li><a href="https://hbase.apache.org/book.html#quickstart_pseudo" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">伪分布式模式<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a></li> <li><a href="https://hbase.apache.org/book.html#quickstart_fully_distributed" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">全分布式模式<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a></li> <li><a href="https://github.com/big-data-europe/docker-hbase" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Docker 部署<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a></li></ul> <h2 id="hbase-hello-world-示例"><a href="#hbase-hello-world-示例" class="header-anchor">#</a> HBase Hello World 示例</h2> <ol><li><p>连接 HBase</p> <p>在 HBase 安装目录的 <code>/bin</code> 目录下执行 <code>hbase shell</code> 命令进入 HBase 控制台。</p> <div class="language-shell extra-class"><pre class="language-shell"><code>$ ./bin/hbase shell
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hbase<span class="token punctuation">(</span>main<span class="token punctuation">)</span>:001:<span class="token operator"><span class="token file-descriptor important">0</span>></span>
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</code></pre></div></li> <li><p>输入 <code>help</code> 可以查看 HBase Shell 命令。</p></li> <li><p>创建表</p> <p>可以使用 <code>create</code> 命令创建一张新表。必须要指定表名和 Column Family。</p> <div class="language-shell extra-class"><pre class="language-shell"><code>hbase<span class="token punctuation">(</span>main<span class="token punctuation">)</span>:001:<span class="token operator"><span class="token file-descriptor important">0</span>></span> create <span class="token string">'test'</span>, <span class="token string">'cf'</span>
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<span class="token number">0</span> row<span class="token punctuation">(</span>s<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">in</span> <span class="token number">0.4170</span> seconds
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|
||
<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">></span> Hbase::Table - <span class="token builtin class-name">test</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div></li> <li><p>列出表信息</p> <p>使用 <code>list</code> 命令来确认新建的表已存在。</p> <div class="language-shell extra-class"><pre class="language-shell"><code>hbase<span class="token punctuation">(</span>main<span class="token punctuation">)</span>:002:<span class="token operator"><span class="token file-descriptor important">0</span>></span> list <span class="token string">'test'</span>
|
||
TABLE
|
||
<span class="token builtin class-name">test</span>
|
||
<span class="token number">1</span> row<span class="token punctuation">(</span>s<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">in</span> <span class="token number">0.0180</span> seconds
|
||
|
||
<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"test"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div><p>可以使用 <code>describe</code> 命令可以查看表的细节信息，包括配置信息</p> <div class="language-shell extra-class"><pre class="language-shell"><code>hbase<span class="token punctuation">(</span>main<span class="token punctuation">)</span>:003:<span class="token operator"><span class="token file-descriptor important">0</span>></span> describe <span class="token string">'test'</span>
|
||
Table <span class="token builtin class-name">test</span> is ENABLED
|
||
<span class="token builtin class-name">test</span>
|
||
COLUMN FAMILIES DESCRIPTION
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>NAME <span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token string">'cf'</span>, VERSIONS <span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token string">'1'</span>, EVICT_BLOCKS_ON_CLOSE <span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token string">'false'</span>, NEW_VERSION_BEHAVIOR <span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token string">'false'</span>, KEEP_DELETED_CELLS <span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token string">'FALSE'</span>, CACHE_DATA_ON_WRITE <span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">></span>
|
||
<span class="token string">'false'</span>, DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING <span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token string">'NONE'</span>, TTL <span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token string">'FOREVER'</span>, MIN_VERSIONS <span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token string">'0'</span>, REPLICATION_SCOPE <span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token string">'0'</span>, BLOOMFILTER <span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token string">'ROW'</span>, CACHE_INDEX_ON_WRITE <span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token string">'f
|
||
alse'</span>, IN_MEMORY <span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token string">'false'</span>, CACHE_BLOOMS_ON_WRITE <span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token string">'false'</span>, PREFETCH_BLOCKS_ON_OPEN <span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token string">'false'</span>, COMPRESSION <span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token string">'NONE'</span>, BLOCKCACHE <span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token string">'true'</span>, BLOCKSIZE
|
||
<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token string">'65536'</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
|
||
<span class="token number">1</span> row<span class="token punctuation">(</span>s<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
|
||
Took <span class="token number">0.9998</span> seconds
|
||
</code></pre></div></li> <li><p>向表中写数据</p> <p>可以使用 <code>put</code> 命令向 HBase 表中写数据。</p> <div class="language-shell extra-class"><pre class="language-shell"><code>hbase<span class="token punctuation">(</span>main<span class="token punctuation">)</span>:003:<span class="token operator"><span class="token file-descriptor important">0</span>></span> put <span class="token string">'test'</span>, <span class="token string">'row1'</span>, <span class="token string">'cf:a'</span>, <span class="token string">'value1'</span>
|
||
<span class="token number">0</span> row<span class="token punctuation">(</span>s<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">in</span> <span class="token number">0.0850</span> seconds
|
||
|
||
hbase<span class="token punctuation">(</span>main<span class="token punctuation">)</span>:004:<span class="token operator"><span class="token file-descriptor important">0</span>></span> put <span class="token string">'test'</span>, <span class="token string">'row2'</span>, <span class="token string">'cf:b'</span>, <span class="token string">'value2'</span>
|
||
<span class="token number">0</span> row<span class="token punctuation">(</span>s<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">in</span> <span class="token number">0.0110</span> seconds
|
||
|
||
hbase<span class="token punctuation">(</span>main<span class="token punctuation">)</span>:005:<span class="token operator"><span class="token file-descriptor important">0</span>></span> put <span class="token string">'test'</span>, <span class="token string">'row3'</span>, <span class="token string">'cf:c'</span>, <span class="token string">'value3'</span>
|
||
<span class="token number">0</span> row<span class="token punctuation">(</span>s<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">in</span> <span class="token number">0.0100</span> seconds
|
||
</code></pre></div></li> <li><p>一次性扫描表的所有数据</p> <p>使用 <code>scan</code> 命令来扫描表数据。</p> <div class="language-shell extra-class"><pre class="language-shell"><code>hbase<span class="token punctuation">(</span>main<span class="token punctuation">)</span>:006:<span class="token operator"><span class="token file-descriptor important">0</span>></span> scan <span class="token string">'test'</span>
|
||
ROW COLUMN+CELL
|
||
row1 <span class="token assign-left variable">column</span><span class="token operator">=</span>cf:a, <span class="token assign-left variable">timestamp</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">1421762485768</span>, <span class="token assign-left variable">value</span><span class="token operator">=</span>value1
|
||
row2 <span class="token assign-left variable">column</span><span class="token operator">=</span>cf:b, <span class="token assign-left variable">timestamp</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">1421762491785</span>, <span class="token assign-left variable">value</span><span class="token operator">=</span>value2
|
||
row3 <span class="token assign-left variable">column</span><span class="token operator">=</span>cf:c, <span class="token assign-left variable">timestamp</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">1421762496210</span>, <span class="token assign-left variable">value</span><span class="token operator">=</span>value3
|
||
<span class="token number">3</span> row<span class="token punctuation">(</span>s<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">in</span> <span class="token number">0.0230</span> seconds
|
||
</code></pre></div></li> <li><p>查看一行数据</p> <p>使用 <code>get</code> 命令可以查看一行表数据。</p> <div class="language-shell extra-class"><pre class="language-shell"><code>hbase<span class="token punctuation">(</span>main<span class="token punctuation">)</span>:007:<span class="token operator"><span class="token file-descriptor important">0</span>></span> get <span class="token string">'test'</span>, <span class="token string">'row1'</span>
|
||
COLUMN CELL
|
||
cf:a <span class="token assign-left variable">timestamp</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">1421762485768</span>, <span class="token assign-left variable">value</span><span class="token operator">=</span>value1
|
||
<span class="token number">1</span> row<span class="token punctuation">(</span>s<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">in</span> <span class="token number">0.0350</span> seconds
|
||
</code></pre></div></li> <li><p>禁用表</p> <p>如果想要删除表或修改表设置，必须先使用 <code>disable</code> 命令禁用表。如果想再次启用表，可以使用 <code>enable</code> 命令。</p> <div class="language-shell extra-class"><pre class="language-shell"><code>hbase<span class="token punctuation">(</span>main<span class="token punctuation">)</span>:008:<span class="token operator"><span class="token file-descriptor important">0</span>></span> disable <span class="token string">'test'</span>
|
||
<span class="token number">0</span> row<span class="token punctuation">(</span>s<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">in</span> <span class="token number">1.1820</span> seconds
|
||
|
||
hbase<span class="token punctuation">(</span>main<span class="token punctuation">)</span>:009:<span class="token operator"><span class="token file-descriptor important">0</span>></span> <span class="token builtin class-name">enable</span> <span class="token string">'test'</span>
|
||
<span class="token number">0</span> row<span class="token punctuation">(</span>s<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">in</span> <span class="token number">0.1770</span> seconds
|
||
</code></pre></div></li> <li><p>删除表</p> <p>使用 <code>drop</code> 命令可以删除表。</p> <div class="language-shell extra-class"><pre class="language-shell"><code>hbase<span class="token punctuation">(</span>main<span class="token punctuation">)</span>:011:<span class="token operator"><span class="token file-descriptor important">0</span>></span> drop <span class="token string">'test'</span>
|
||
<span class="token number">0</span> row<span class="token punctuation">(</span>s<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">in</span> <span class="token number">0.1370</span> seconds
|
||
</code></pre></div></li> <li><p>退出 HBase Shell</p> <p>使用 <code>quit</code> 命令，就能退出 HBase Shell 控制台。</p></li></ol> <h2 id="参考资料"><a href="#参考资料" class="header-anchor">#</a> 参考资料</h2> <ul><li><strong>官方</strong> <ul><li><a href="http://hbase.apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">HBase 官网<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a></li> <li><a href="https://hbase.apache.org/book.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">HBase 官方文档<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a></li> <li><a href="http://abloz.com/hbase/book.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">HBase 官方文档中文版<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a></li></ul></li> <li><strong>书籍</strong> <ul><li><a href="https://book.douban.com/subject/27600204/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Hadoop 权威指南<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a></li></ul></li> <li><strong>文章</strong> <ul><li><a href="https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/zh-CN//archive/bigtable-osdi06.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Bigtable: A Distributed Storage System for Structured Data<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a></li> <li><a href="https://mapr.com/blog/in-depth-look-hbase-architecture" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">An In-Depth Look at the HBase Architecture<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a></li></ul></li> <li><strong>教程</strong> <ul><li>https://github.com/heibaiying/BigData-Notes</li> <li>https://www.cloudduggu.com/hbase/introduction/</li></ul></li></ul></div></div> <div class="page-edit"><div class="edit-link"><a href="https://github.com/dunwu/db-tutorial/edit/master/docs/12.数据库/06.列式数据库/01.HBase/01.HBase快速入门.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">📝 帮助改善此页面！</a> <span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></div> <div class="tags"><a href="/db-tutorial/tags/?tag=%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%BA%93" title="标签">#数据库</a><a href="/db-tutorial/tags/?tag=%E5%88%97%E5%BC%8F%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%BA%93" title="标签">#列式数据库</a><a href="/db-tutorial/tags/?tag=%E5%A4%A7%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE" title="标签">#大数据</a><a href="/db-tutorial/tags/?tag=HBase" title="标签">#HBase</a></div> <div class="last-updated"><span class="prefix">上次更新:</span> <span class="time">2024/10/09, 07:16:02</span></div></div> <div class="page-nav-wapper"><div class="page-nav-centre-wrap"><a href="/db-tutorial/pages/537098/" class="page-nav-centre page-nav-centre-prev"><div class="tooltip">Redis 运维</div></a> <a 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HBase Java API 管理功能
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HBase Java API 其他高级特性
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<!----></div></a> <span class="date">03-31</span></dt></dl><dl><dd>03</dd> <dt><a href="/db-tutorial/pages/c8cfeb/"><div>
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HBase 数据模型
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