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class="sidebar-sub-header level3"><a href="/db-tutorial/pages/88c7d3/#引用式文档一对多关系模型" class="sidebar-link">引用式文档一对多关系模型</a></li></ul></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/db-tutorial/pages/88c7d3/#树形结构模型" class="sidebar-link">树形结构模型</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"><li class="sidebar-sub-header level3"><a href="/db-tutorial/pages/88c7d3/#具有父节点的树形结构模型" class="sidebar-link">具有父节点的树形结构模型</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level3"><a href="/db-tutorial/pages/88c7d3/#具有子节点的树形结构模型" class="sidebar-link">具有子节点的树形结构模型</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level3"><a href="/db-tutorial/pages/88c7d3/#具有祖先的树形结构模型" class="sidebar-link">具有祖先的树形结构模型</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level3"><a href="/db-tutorial/pages/88c7d3/#具有实体化路径的树形结构模型" class="sidebar-link">具有实体化路径的树形结构模型</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level3"><a href="/db-tutorial/pages/88c7d3/#具有嵌套集的树形结构模型" class="sidebar-link">具有嵌套集的树形结构模型</a></li></ul></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/db-tutorial/pages/88c7d3/#设计模式" class="sidebar-link">设计模式</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"><li class="sidebar-sub-header level3"><a href="/db-tutorial/pages/88c7d3/#大文档-很多列-很多索引" class="sidebar-link">大文档，很多列，很多索引</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level3"><a href="/db-tutorial/pages/88c7d3/#管理文档不同版本" class="sidebar-link">管理文档不同版本</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level3"><a href="/db-tutorial/pages/88c7d3/#统计网页点击量" class="sidebar-link">统计网页点击量</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level3"><a href="/db-tutorial/pages/88c7d3/#精确统计" class="sidebar-link">精确统计</a></li></ul></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/db-tutorial/pages/88c7d3/#参考资料" class="sidebar-link">参考资料</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/db-tutorial/pages/10c674/" class="sidebar-link">MongoDB 索引</a></li><li><a href="/db-tutorial/pages/505407/" class="sidebar-link">MongoDB 复制</a></li><li><a href="/db-tutorial/pages/ad08f5/" class="sidebar-link">MongoDB 分片</a></li><li><a href="/db-tutorial/pages/5e3c30/" class="sidebar-link">MongoDB 运维</a></li></ul></section></li></ul></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>KV数据库</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>列式数据库</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>搜索引擎数据库</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li></ul> </aside> <div><main class="page"><div class="theme-vdoing-wrapper "><div class="articleInfo-wrap" data-v-06225672><div class="articleInfo" data-v-06225672><ul class="breadcrumbs" data-v-06225672><li data-v-06225672><a href="/db-tutorial/" title="首页" class="iconfont icon-home router-link-active" data-v-06225672></a></li> <li data-v-06225672><a href="/db-tutorial/categories/?category=%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%BA%93" title="分类" data-v-06225672>数据库</a></li><li data-v-06225672><a href="/db-tutorial/categories/?category=%E6%96%87%E6%A1%A3%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%BA%93" title="分类" data-v-06225672>文档数据库</a></li><li data-v-06225672><a href="/db-tutorial/categories/?category=MongoDB" title="分类" data-v-06225672>MongoDB</a></li></ul> <div class="info" data-v-06225672><div title="作者" class="author iconfont icon-touxiang" data-v-06225672><a href="https://github.com/dunwu" target="_blank" title="作者" class="beLink" data-v-06225672>dunwu</a></div> <div title="创建时间" class="date iconfont icon-riqi" data-v-06225672><a href="javascript:;" data-v-06225672>2020-09-12</a></div> <!----></div></div></div> <!----> <div class="content-wrapper"><div class="right-menu-wrapper"><div class="right-menu-margin"><div class="right-menu-title">目录</div> <div class="right-menu-content"></div></div></div> <h1><img src="data:image/png;base64,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">MongoDB 建模示例<!----></h1> <div class="theme-vdoing-content content__default"><h1 id="mongodb-建模示例"><a href="#mongodb-建模示例" class="header-anchor">#</a> MongoDB 建模示例</h1> <h2 id="关系型模型"><a href="#关系型模型" class="header-anchor">#</a> 关系型模型</h2> <h3 id="嵌入式文档一对一关系模型"><a href="#嵌入式文档一对一关系模型" class="header-anchor">#</a> 嵌入式文档一对一关系模型</h3> <h4 id="嵌入式文档一对一关系模型-嵌入式文档模式"><a href="#嵌入式文档一对一关系模型-嵌入式文档模式" class="header-anchor">#</a> 嵌入式文档一对一关系模型 - 嵌入式文档模式</h4> <div class="language-json extra-class"><pre class="language-json"><code><span class="token comment">// patron document</span>
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
|
||
_id<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"joe"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
name<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Joe Bookreader"</span>
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="token comment">// address document</span>
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
|
||
patron_id<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"joe"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// reference to patron document</span>
|
||
street<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"123 Fake Street"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
city<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Faketon"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
state<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"MA"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
zip<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"12345"</span>
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div><p>合并为：</p> <div class="language-json extra-class"><pre class="language-json"><code><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"_id"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"joe"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"name"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Joe Bookreader"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"address"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"street"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"123 Fake Street"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"city"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Faketon"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"state"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"MA"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"zip"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"12345"</span>
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div><h4 id="嵌入式文档一对一关系模型-子集模式"><a href="#嵌入式文档一对一关系模型-子集模式" class="header-anchor">#</a> 嵌入式文档一对一关系模型 - 子集模式</h4> <p>假设，有一个用于描述电影信息的 collection 定义：</p> <div class="language-json extra-class"><pre class="language-json"><code><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"_id"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"title"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"The Arrival of a Train"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"year"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1896</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"runtime"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"released"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> ISODate(<span class="token string">"01-25-1896"</span>)<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"poster"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"http://ia.media-imdb.com/images/M/MV5BMjEyNDk5MDYzOV5BMl5BanBnXkFtZTgwNjIxMTEwMzE@._V1_SX300.jpg"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"plot"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"A group of people are standing in a straight line along the platform of a railway station, waiting for a train, which is seen coming at some distance. When the train stops at the platform, ..."</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"fullplot"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"A group of people are standing in a straight line along the platform of a railway station, waiting for a train, which is seen coming at some distance. When the train stops at the platform, the line dissolves. The doors of the railway-cars open, and people on the platform help passengers to get off."</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"lastupdated"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> ISODate(<span class="token string">"2015-08-15T10:06:53"</span>)<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"type"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"movie"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"directors"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"Auguste Lumière"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"Louis Lumière"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"imdb"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"rating"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">7.3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"votes"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">5043</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"id"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">12</span>
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"countries"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"France"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"genres"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"Documentary"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"Short"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"tomatoes"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"viewer"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"rating"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">3.7</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"numReviews"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">59</span>
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"lastUpdated"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> ISODate(<span class="token string">"2020-01-09T00:02:53"</span>)
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div><p>在应用中，有的场景只需要显示电影的简单浏览信息，不需要显示类似 fullplot、poster 这样的详细信息。因为，我们可以考虑将原结构一份为二，并通过 id 字段关联起来。</p> <p>用于展示摘要信息的 movie collection</p> <div class="language-json extra-class"><pre class="language-json"><code><span class="token comment">// movie collection</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"_id"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"title"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"The Arrival of a Train"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"year"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1896</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"runtime"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"released"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> ISODate(<span class="token string">"1896-01-25"</span>)<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"type"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"movie"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"directors"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"Auguste Lumière"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"Louis Lumière"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"countries"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"France"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"genres"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"Documentary"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"Short"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div><p>用于展示细节信息的 movie_details collection</p> <div class="language-json extra-class"><pre class="language-json"><code><span class="token comment">// movie_details collection</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"_id"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">156</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"movie_id"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// reference to the movie collection</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"poster"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"http://ia.media-imdb.com/images/M/MV5BMjEyNDk5MDYzOV5BMl5BanBnXkFtZTgwNjIxMTEwMzE@._V1_SX300.jpg"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"plot"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"A group of people are standing in a straight line along the platform of a railway station, waiting for a train, which is seen coming at some distance. When the train stops at the platform, ..."</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"fullplot"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"A group of people are standing in a straight line along the platform of a railway station, waiting for a train, which is seen coming at some distance. When the train stops at the platform, the line dissolves. The doors of the railway-cars open, and people on the platform help passengers to get off."</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"lastupdated"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> ISODate(<span class="token string">"2015-08-15T10:06:53"</span>)<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"imdb"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"rating"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">7.3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"votes"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">5043</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"id"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">12</span>
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"tomatoes"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"viewer"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"rating"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">3.7</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"numReviews"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">59</span>
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"lastUpdated"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> ISODate(<span class="token string">"2020-01-29T00:02:53"</span>)
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div><h3 id="嵌入式文档一对多关系模型"><a href="#嵌入式文档一对多关系模型" class="header-anchor">#</a> 嵌入式文档一对多关系模型</h3> <h4 id="嵌入式文档一对多关系模型-嵌入式文档模式"><a href="#嵌入式文档一对多关系模型-嵌入式文档模式" class="header-anchor">#</a> 嵌入式文档一对多关系模型 - 嵌入式文档模式</h4> <div class="language-json extra-class"><pre class="language-json"><code><span class="token comment">// patron document</span>
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
|
||
_id<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"joe"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
name<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Joe Bookreader"</span>
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="token comment">// address documents</span>
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
|
||
patron_id<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"joe"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// reference to patron document</span>
|
||
street<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"123 Fake Street"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
city<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Faketon"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
state<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"MA"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
zip<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"12345"</span>
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
|
||
patron_id<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"joe"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
street<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"1 Some Other Street"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
city<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Boston"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
state<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"MA"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
zip<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"12345"</span>
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div><p>合并为：</p> <div class="language-json extra-class"><pre class="language-json"><code><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"_id"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"joe"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"name"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Joe Bookreader"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"addresses"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"street"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"123 Fake Street"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"city"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Faketon"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"state"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"MA"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"zip"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"12345"</span>
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"street"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"1 Some Other Street"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"city"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Boston"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"state"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"MA"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"zip"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"12345"</span>
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div><h4 id="嵌入式文档一对多关系模型-子集模式"><a href="#嵌入式文档一对多关系模型-子集模式" class="header-anchor">#</a> 嵌入式文档一对多关系模型 - 子集模式</h4> <p>考虑一个电商网站用于表示商品的 collection：</p> <div class="language-json extra-class"><pre class="language-json"><code><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"_id"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"name"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Super Widget"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"description"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"This is the most useful item in your toolbox."</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"price"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">"value"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> NumberDecimal(<span class="token string">"119.99"</span>)<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">"currency"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"USD"</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"reviews"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"review_id"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">786</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"review_author"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Kristina"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"review_text"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"This is indeed an amazing widget."</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"published_date"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> ISODate(<span class="token string">"2019-02-18"</span>)
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"review_id"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">785</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"review_author"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Trina"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"review_text"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Nice product. Slow shipping."</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"published_date"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> ISODate(<span class="token string">"2019-02-17"</span>)
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
...<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"review_id"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"review_author"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Hans"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"review_text"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Meh, it's okay."</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"published_date"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> ISODate(<span class="token string">"2017-12-06"</span>)
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div><p>评论按时间倒序排列。 当用户访问产品页面时，应用程序将加载十条最近的评论。可以将集合分为两个集合，而不是与产品一起存储所有评论：</p> <p>产品集合存储有关每个产品的信息，包括产品的十个最新评论：</p> <div class="language-json extra-class"><pre class="language-json"><code><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"_id"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"name"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Super Widget"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"description"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"This is the most useful item in your toolbox."</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"price"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">"value"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> NumberDecimal(<span class="token string">"119.99"</span>)<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">"currency"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"USD"</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"reviews"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"review_id"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">786</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"review_author"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Kristina"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"review_text"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"This is indeed an amazing widget."</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"published_date"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> ISODate(<span class="token string">"2019-02-18"</span>)
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
|
||
...
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"review_id"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">776</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"review_author"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Pablo"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"review_text"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Amazing!"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"published_date"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> ISODate(<span class="token string">"2019-02-16"</span>)
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div><p>review collection 存储所有的评论</p> <div class="language-json extra-class"><pre class="language-json"><code><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"review_id"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">786</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"product_id"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"review_author"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Kristina"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"review_text"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"This is indeed an amazing widget."</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"published_date"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> ISODate(<span class="token string">"2019-02-18"</span>)
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"review_id"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">785</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"product_id"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"review_author"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Trina"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"review_text"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Nice product. Slow shipping."</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"published_date"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> ISODate(<span class="token string">"2019-02-17"</span>)
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
|
||
...
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"review_id"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"product_id"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"review_author"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Hans"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"review_text"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Meh, it's okay."</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"published_date"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> ISODate(<span class="token string">"2017-12-06"</span>)
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div><h3 id="引用式文档一对多关系模型"><a href="#引用式文档一对多关系模型" class="header-anchor">#</a> 引用式文档一对多关系模型</h3> <p>考虑以下映射出版商和书籍关系的示例。</p> <p>该示例说明了引用式文档的优点，以避免重复发布者信息。</p> <div class="language-json extra-class"><pre class="language-json"><code><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
|
||
title<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"MongoDB: The Definitive Guide"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
author<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token string">"Kristina Chodorow"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"Mike Dirolf"</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
published_date<span class="token operator">:</span> ISODate(<span class="token string">"2010-09-24"</span>)<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
pages<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">216</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
language<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"English"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
publisher<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
|
||
name<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"O'Reilly Media"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
founded<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1980</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
location<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"CA"</span>
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
|
||
title<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"50 Tips and Tricks for MongoDB Developer"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
author<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Kristina Chodorow"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
published_date<span class="token operator">:</span> ISODate(<span class="token string">"2011-05-06"</span>)<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
pages<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">68</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
language<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"English"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
publisher<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
|
||
name<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"O'Reilly Media"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
founded<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1980</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
location<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"CA"</span>
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div><p>为避免重复出版商数据，可以使用引用型文档，并将出版商信息与书本分开保存。 使用引用时，关系的增长决定了将引用存储在何处。 如果每个出版商的图书数量很少且增长有限，则有时将图书参考存储在出版商文档中可能会很有用。 否则，如果每个发布者的书籍数量不受限制，则此数据模型将导致可变的，不断增长的数组，如以下示例所示：</p> <div class="language-json extra-class"><pre class="language-json"><code><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
|
||
name<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"O'Reilly Media"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
founded<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1980</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
location<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"CA"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
books<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">123456789</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">234567890</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> ...<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
|
||
_id<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">123456789</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
title<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"MongoDB: The Definitive Guide"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
author<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token string">"Kristina Chodorow"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"Mike Dirolf"</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
published_date<span class="token operator">:</span> ISODate(<span class="token string">"2010-09-24"</span>)<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
pages<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">216</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
language<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"English"</span>
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
|
||
_id<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">234567890</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
title<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"50 Tips and Tricks for MongoDB Developer"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
author<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Kristina Chodorow"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
published_date<span class="token operator">:</span> ISODate(<span class="token string">"2011-05-06"</span>)<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
pages<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">68</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
language<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"English"</span>
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div><p>为了避免可变的，增长的数组，请将发行者参考存储在书籍文档中：</p> <div class="language-json extra-class"><pre class="language-json"><code><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
|
||
_id<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"oreilly"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
name<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"O'Reilly Media"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
founded<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1980</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
location<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"CA"</span>
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
|
||
_id<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">123456789</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
title<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"MongoDB: The Definitive Guide"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
author<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token string">"Kristina Chodorow"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"Mike Dirolf"</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
published_date<span class="token operator">:</span> ISODate(<span class="token string">"2010-09-24"</span>)<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
pages<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">216</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
language<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"English"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
publisher_id<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"oreilly"</span>
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
|
||
_id<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">234567890</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
title<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"50 Tips and Tricks for MongoDB Developer"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
author<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Kristina Chodorow"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
published_date<span class="token operator">:</span> ISODate(<span class="token string">"2011-05-06"</span>)<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
pages<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">68</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
language<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"English"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
publisher_id<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"oreilly"</span>
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div><h2 id="树形结构模型"><a href="#树形结构模型" class="header-anchor">#</a> 树形结构模型</h2> <p><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/dunwu/images/master/snap/20200911194846.svg" alt="img"></p> <h3 id="具有父节点的树形结构模型"><a href="#具有父节点的树形结构模型" class="header-anchor">#</a> 具有父节点的树形结构模型</h3> <p>上图结构可以用父引用来表示：</p> <div class="language-json extra-class"><pre class="language-json"><code>db.categories.insertMany(<span class="token punctuation">[</span>
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">"_id"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"MongoDB"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">"parent"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Databases"</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">"_id"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"dbm"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">"parent"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Databases"</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">"_id"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Databases"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">"parent"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Programming"</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">"_id"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Languages"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">"parent"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Programming"</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">"_id"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Programming"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">"parent"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Books"</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">"_id"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Books"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">"parent"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token null keyword">null</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">]</span>)
|
||
</code></pre></div><ul><li><p>检索节点的父节点：</p> <div class="language- extra-class"><pre class="language-text"><code>db.categories.findOne( { _id: "MongoDB" } ).parent
|
||
</code></pre></div></li> <li><p>可以在父字段上创建索引以启用父节点的快速搜索：</p> <div class="language- extra-class"><pre class="language-text"><code>db.categories.createIndex( { parent: 1 } )
|
||
</code></pre></div></li> <li><p>可以通过父字段查询找到其直接子节点：</p> <div class="language- extra-class"><pre class="language-text"><code>db.categories.find( { parent: "Databases" } )
|
||
</code></pre></div></li> <li><p>检索子树，可以参考： <a href="https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/operator/aggregation/graphLookup/#pipe._S_graphLookup" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><code>$graphLookup</code><span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a>.</p></li></ul> <h3 id="具有子节点的树形结构模型"><a href="#具有子节点的树形结构模型" class="header-anchor">#</a> 具有子节点的树形结构模型</h3> <div class="language-json extra-class"><pre class="language-json"><code>db.categories.insertMany(<span class="token punctuation">[</span>
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">"_id"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"MongoDB"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">"children"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">"_id"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"dbm"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">"children"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">"_id"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Databases"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">"children"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"MongoDB"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"dbm"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">"_id"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Languages"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">"children"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">"_id"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Programming"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">"children"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"Databases"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"Languages"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">"_id"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Books"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">"children"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"Programming"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">]</span>)
|
||
</code></pre></div><ul><li><p>检索节点的 children：</p> <div class="language- extra-class"><pre class="language-text"><code>db.categories.findOne( { _id: "Databases" } ).children
|
||
</code></pre></div></li> <li><p>可以在 children 字段上创建索引以启用子节点的快速搜索：</p> <div class="language- extra-class"><pre class="language-text"><code>db.categories.createIndex( { children: 1 } )
|
||
</code></pre></div></li> <li><p>可以在 children 字段中查询节点，以找到其父节点及其兄弟节点：</p> <div class="language- extra-class"><pre class="language-text"><code>db.categories.find( { children: "MongoDB" } )
|
||
</code></pre></div></li></ul> <h3 id="具有祖先的树形结构模型"><a href="#具有祖先的树形结构模型" class="header-anchor">#</a> 具有祖先的树形结构模型</h3> <div class="language-json extra-class"><pre class="language-json"><code>db.categories.insertMany(<span class="token punctuation">[</span>
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"_id"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"MongoDB"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"ancestors"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"Books"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"Programming"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"Databases"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"parent"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Databases"</span>
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"_id"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"dbm"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"ancestors"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"Books"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"Programming"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"Databases"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"parent"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Databases"</span>
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"_id"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Databases"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"ancestors"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"Books"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"Programming"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"parent"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Programming"</span>
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"_id"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Languages"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"ancestors"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"Books"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"Programming"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token property">"parent"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Programming"</span>
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">"_id"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Programming"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">"ancestors"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"Books"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">"parent"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Books"</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">"_id"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Books"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">"ancestors"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">"parent"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token null keyword">null</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">]</span>)
|
||
</code></pre></div><ul><li><p>检索节点的祖先或路径的查询是快速而直接的：</p> <div class="language-json extra-class"><pre class="language-json"><code>db.categories.findOne(<span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">"_id"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"MongoDB"</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>).ancestors
|
||
</code></pre></div></li> <li><p>可以在 ancestors 字段上创建索引，以启用祖先节点的快速搜索：</p> <div class="language-json extra-class"><pre class="language-json"><code>db.categories.createIndex(<span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">"ancestors"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>)
|
||
</code></pre></div></li> <li><p>可以通过 ancestors 字段查询查找其所有后代：</p> <div class="language-json extra-class"><pre class="language-json"><code>db.categories.find(<span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">"ancestors"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Programming"</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>)
|
||
</code></pre></div></li></ul> <h3 id="具有实体化路径的树形结构模型"><a href="#具有实体化路径的树形结构模型" class="header-anchor">#</a> 具有实体化路径的树形结构模型</h3> <div class="language-json extra-class"><pre class="language-json"><code>db.categories.insertMany(<span class="token punctuation">[</span>
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">"_id"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Books"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">"path"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token null keyword">null</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">"_id"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Programming"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">"path"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">",Books,"</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">"_id"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Databases"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">"path"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">",Books,Programming,"</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">"_id"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Languages"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">"path"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">",Books,Programming,"</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">"_id"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"MongoDB"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">"path"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">",Books,Programming,Databases,"</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">"_id"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"dbm"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">"path"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">",Books,Programming,Databases,"</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">]</span>)
|
||
</code></pre></div><ul><li><p>可以查询以检索整个树，并按字段路径排序：</p> <div class="language- extra-class"><pre class="language-text"><code>db.categories.find().sort( { path: 1 } )
|
||
</code></pre></div></li> <li><p>可以在 path 字段上使用正则表达式来查找 Programming 的后代</p> <div class="language- extra-class"><pre class="language-text"><code>db.categories.find( { path: /,Programming,/ } )
|
||
</code></pre></div></li> <li><p>可以检索 Books 的后代，其中 Books 也位于层次结构的最高级别：</p> <div class="language- extra-class"><pre class="language-text"><code>db.categories.find( { path: /^,Books,/ } )
|
||
</code></pre></div></li> <li><p>要在 path 字段上创建索引，请使用以下调用：</p> <div class="language- extra-class"><pre class="language-text"><code>db.categories.createIndex( { path: 1 } )
|
||
</code></pre></div></li></ul> <h3 id="具有嵌套集的树形结构模型"><a href="#具有嵌套集的树形结构模型" class="header-anchor">#</a> 具有嵌套集的树形结构模型</h3> <p><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/dunwu/images/master/snap/20200911204252.svg" alt="img"></p> <div class="language-javascript extra-class"><pre class="language-javascript"><code>db<span class="token punctuation">.</span>categories<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">insertMany</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">_id</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'Books'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token literal-property property">parent</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token literal-property property">left</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token literal-property property">right</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">12</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">_id</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'Programming'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token literal-property property">parent</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'Books'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token literal-property property">left</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token literal-property property">right</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">11</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">_id</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'Languages'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token literal-property property">parent</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'Programming'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token literal-property property">left</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token literal-property property">right</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">_id</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'Databases'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token literal-property property">parent</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'Programming'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token literal-property property">left</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token literal-property property">right</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">10</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">_id</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'MongoDB'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token literal-property property">parent</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'Databases'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token literal-property property">left</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token literal-property property">right</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">7</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">_id</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'dbm'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token literal-property property">parent</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'Databases'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token literal-property property">left</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token literal-property property">right</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">9</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div><p>可以查询以检索节点的后代：</p> <div class="language-javascript extra-class"><pre class="language-javascript"><code><span class="token keyword">var</span> databaseCategory <span class="token operator">=</span> db<span class="token punctuation">.</span>categories<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findOne</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">_id</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'Databases'</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
|
||
db<span class="token punctuation">.</span>categories<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">find</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
|
||
<span class="token literal-property property">left</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">$gt</span><span class="token operator">:</span> databaseCategory<span class="token punctuation">.</span>left <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||
<span class="token literal-property property">right</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">$lt</span><span class="token operator">:</span> databaseCategory<span class="token punctuation">.</span>right <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div><h2 id="设计模式"><a href="#设计模式" class="header-anchor">#</a> 设计模式</h2> <h3 id="大文档-很多列-很多索引"><a href="#大文档-很多列-很多索引" class="header-anchor">#</a> 大文档，很多列，很多索引</h3> <p>解决方案是：列转行</p> <p><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/dunwu/images/master/snap/20200919225901.png" alt="img"></p> <h3 id="管理文档不同版本"><a href="#管理文档不同版本" class="header-anchor">#</a> 管理文档不同版本</h3> <p>MongoDB 文档格式非常灵活，势必会带来版本维护上的难度。</p> <p>解决方案是：可以增加一个版本号字段</p> <ul><li>快速过滤掉不需要升级的文档</li> <li>升级时，对不同版本的文档做不同处理</li></ul> <h3 id="统计网页点击量"><a href="#统计网页点击量" class="header-anchor">#</a> 统计网页点击量</h3> <p>统计数据精确性要求并不是十分重要。</p> <p>解决方案：用近似计算</p> <p>每隔 10 次写一次：</p> <div class="language-json extra-class"><pre class="language-json"><code><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">"$inc"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">"views"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div><h3 id="精确统计"><a href="#精确统计" class="header-anchor">#</a> 精确统计</h3> <p>解决方案：使用预聚合</p> <h2 id="参考资料"><a href="#参考资料" class="header-anchor">#</a> 参考资料</h2> <ul><li><a href="https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/applications/data-models/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Data Model Examples and Patterns<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a></li></ul></div></div> <div class="page-edit"><div class="edit-link"><a href="https://github.com/dunwu/db-tutorial/edit/master/docs/12.数据库/04.文档数据库/01.MongoDB/06.MongoDB建模示例.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">📝 帮助改善此页面！</a> <span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></div> <div class="tags"><a href="/db-tutorial/tags/?tag=%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%BA%93" title="标签">#数据库</a><a href="/db-tutorial/tags/?tag=%E6%96%87%E6%A1%A3%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%BA%93" title="标签">#文档数据库</a><a href="/db-tutorial/tags/?tag=MongoDB" title="标签">#MongoDB</a><a href="/db-tutorial/tags/?tag=%E5%BB%BA%E6%A8%A1" title="标签">#建模</a></div> <div class="last-updated"><span class="prefix">上次更新:</span> <span class="time">2024/10/09, 07:16:02</span></div></div> <div class="page-nav-wapper"><div class="page-nav-centre-wrap"><a href="/db-tutorial/pages/562f99/" class="page-nav-centre page-nav-centre-prev"><div class="tooltip">MongoDB 建模</div></a> <a href="/db-tutorial/pages/10c674/" class="page-nav-centre page-nav-centre-next"><div class="tooltip">MongoDB 索引</div></a></div> <div class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev">
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