638 lines
18 KiB
Markdown
638 lines
18 KiB
Markdown
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# Linux 常用命令-系统设置
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## useradd 命令
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> useradd 命令用于建立用户帐号。
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>
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> useradd 可用来建立用户帐号。帐号建好之后,再用 passwd 设定帐号的密码。使用 useradd 指令所建立的帐号,实际上是保存在 `/etc/passwd` 文本文件中。
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>
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> userdel 可用来删除帐号。
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### 语法
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```
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useradd [-mMnr][-c <备注>][-d <登入目录>][-e <有效期限>][-f <缓冲天数>][-g <群组>][-G <群组>][-s <shell>][-u <uid>][用户帐号]
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```
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或
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```
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useradd -D [-b][-e <有效期限>][-f <缓冲天数>][-g <群组>][-G <群组>][-s <shell>]
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```
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**参数说明**:
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- -c<备注> 加上备注文字。备注文字会保存在passwd的备注栏位中。
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- -d<登入目录> 指定用户登入时的启始目录。
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- -D 变更预设值.
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- -e<有效期限> 指定帐号的有效期限。
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- -f<缓冲天数> 指定在密码过期后多少天即关闭该帐号。
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- -g<群组> 指定用户所属的群组。
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- -G<群组> 指定用户所属的附加群组。
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- -m 自动建立用户的登入目录。
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- -M 不要自动建立用户的登入目录。
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- -n 取消建立以用户名称为名的群组.
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- -r 建立系统帐号。
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- -s<shell> 指定用户登入后所使用的shell。
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- -u<uid> 指定用户ID。
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### 实例
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添加一般用户
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```sh
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$ useradd tt
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```
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为添加的用户指定相应的用户组
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```sh
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$ useradd -g root tt
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```
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创建一个系统用户
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```sh
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$ useradd -r tt
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```
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为新添加的用户指定home目录
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```sh
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$ useradd -d /home/myd tt
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```
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建立用户且制定ID
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```sh
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$ useradd caojh -u 544
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```
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## userdel 命令
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> userdel 命令用于删除用户帐号。
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>
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> userdel 可删除用户帐号与相关的文件。若不加参数,则仅删除用户帐号,而不删除相关文件。
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### 语法
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```
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userdel [-r][用户帐号]
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```
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**参数说明**:
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- -r 删除用户登入目录以及目录中所有文件。
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### 实例
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删除用户账号
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```sh
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$ userdel hnlinux
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```
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## usermod 命令
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> usermod 命令用于修改用户帐号。
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>
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> usermod 可用来修改用户帐号的各项设定。
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### 语法
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```
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usermod [-LU][-c <备注>][-d <登入目录>][-e <有效期限>][-f <缓冲天数>][-g <群组>][-G <群组>][-l <帐号名称>][-s <shell>][-u <uid>][用户帐号]
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```
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**参数说明**:
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- -c<备注> 修改用户帐号的备注文字。
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- -d登入目录> 修改用户登入时的目录。
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- -e<有效期限> 修改帐号的有效期限。
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- -f<缓冲天数> 修改在密码过期后多少天即关闭该帐号。
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- -g<群组> 修改用户所属的群组。
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- -G<群组> 修改用户所属的附加群组。
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- -l<帐号名称> 修改用户帐号名称。
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- -L 锁定用户密码,使密码无效。
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- -s<shell> 修改用户登入后所使用的shell。
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- -u<uid> 修改用户ID。
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- -U 解除密码锁定。
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### 实例
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更改登录目录
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```sh
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# usermod -d /home/hnlinux root
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```
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改变用户的uid
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```sh
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# usermod -u 777 root
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```
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## passwd 命令
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> passwd 命令用来更改使用者的密码。
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### 语法
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```
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passwd [-k] [-l] [-u [-f]] [-d] [-S] [username]
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```
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**必要参数**:
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- -d 删除密码
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- -f 强制执行
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- -k 更新只能发送在过期之后
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- -l 停止账号使用
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- -S 显示密码信息
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- -u 启用已被停止的账户
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- -x 设置密码的有效期
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- -g 修改群组密码
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- -i 过期后停止用户账号
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**选择参数**:
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- --help 显示帮助信息
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- --version 显示版本信息
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### 实例
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修改用户密码
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```sh
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$ passwd w3cschool //设置w3cschool用户的密码
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Enter new UNIX password: //输入新密码,输入的密码无回显
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Retype new UNIX password: //确认密码
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passwd: password updated successfully
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```
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显示账号密码信息
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```sh
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$ passwd -S w3cschool
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w3cschool P 05/13/2010 0 99999 7 -1
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```
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删除用户密码
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```sh
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$ passwd -d lx138
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passwd: password expiry information changed.
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```
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##
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## su 命令
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> su 命令用于变更为其他使用者的身份,除 root 外,需要键入该使用者的密码。
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>
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> 使用权限:所有使用者。
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### 语法
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```
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su [options] [-] [USER [arg]...]
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```
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**参数说明**:
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- -f 或 --fast 不必读启动档(如 csh.cshrc 等),仅用于 csh 或 tcsh
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- -m -p 或 --preserve-environment 执行 su 时不改变环境变数
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- -c command 或 --command=command 变更为帐号为 USER 的使用者并执行指令(command)后再变回原来使用者
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- -s shell 或 --shell=shell 指定要执行的 shell (bash csh tcsh 等),预设值为 /etc/passwd 内的该使用者(USER) shell
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- --help 显示说明文件
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- --version 显示版本资讯
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- \- -l 或 --login 这个参数加了之后,就好像是重新 login 为该使用者一样,大部份环境变数(HOME SHELL USER等等)都是以该使用者(USER)为主,并且工作目录也会改变,如果没有指定 USER ,内定是 root
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- USER 欲变更的使用者帐号
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- ARG 传入新的 shell 参数
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### 实例
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变更帐号为 root 并在执行 ls 指令后退出变回原使用者
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```sh
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$ su -c ls root
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```
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变更帐号为 root 并传入 -f 参数给新执行的 shell
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```sh
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$ su root -f
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```
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变更帐号为 clsung 并改变工作目录至 clsung 的家目录(home dir)
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```sh
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$ su - clsung
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```
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切换用户
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```
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hnlinux@w3cschool.cc:~$ whoami //显示当前用户
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hnlinux
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hnlinux@w3cschool.cc:~$ pwd //显示当前目录
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/home/hnlinux
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hnlinux@w3cschool.cc:~$ su root //切换到root用户
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密码:
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root@w3cschool.cc:/home/hnlinux# whoami
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root
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root@w3cschool.cc:/home/hnlinux# pwd
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/home/hnlinux
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```
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切换用户,改变环境变量
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```
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hnlinux@w3cschool.cc:~$ whoami //显示当前用户
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hnlinux
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hnlinux@w3cschool.cc:~$ pwd //显示当前目录
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/home/hnlinux
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hnlinux@w3cschool.cc:~$ su - root //切换到root用户
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密码:
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root@w3cschool.cc:/home/hnlinux# whoami
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root
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root@w3cschool.cc:/home/hnlinux# pwd //显示当前目录
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/root
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```
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## sudo 命令
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> sudo 命令以系统管理者的身份执行指令,也就是说,经由 sudo 所执行的指令就好像是 root 亲自执行。
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>
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> 使用权限:在 `/etc/sudoers` 中有出现的使用者。
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### 语法
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```sh
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usage: sudo -h | -K | -k | -V
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usage: sudo -v [-AknS] [-g group] [-h host] [-p prompt] [-u user]
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usage: sudo -l [-AknS] [-g group] [-h host] [-p prompt] [-U user] [-u user] [command]
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usage: sudo [-AbEHknPS] [-r role] [-t type] [-C num] [-g group] [-h host] [-p prompt] [-u user] [VAR=value] [-i|-s] [<command>]
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usage: sudo -e [-AknS] [-r role] [-t type] [-C num] [-g group] [-h host] [-p prompt] [-u user] file ...
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```
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**参数说明**:
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- -V 显示版本编号
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- -h 会显示版本编号及指令的使用方式说明
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- -l 显示出自己(执行 sudo 的使用者)的权限
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- -v 因为 sudo 在第一次执行时或是在 N 分钟内没有执行(N 预设为五)会问密码,这个参数是重新做一次确认,如果超过 N 分钟,也会问密码
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- -k 将会强迫使用者在下一次执行 sudo 时问密码(不论有没有超过 N 分钟)
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- -b 将要执行的指令放在背景执行
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- -p prompt 可以更改问密码的提示语,其中 %u 会代换为使用者的帐号名称, %h 会显示主机名称
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- -u username/#uid 不加此参数,代表要以 root 的身份执行指令,而加了此参数,可以以 username 的身份执行指令(#uid 为该 username 的使用者号码)
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- -s 执行环境变数中的 SHELL 所指定的 shell ,或是 /etc/passwd 里所指定的 shell
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- -H 将环境变数中的 HOME (家目录)指定为要变更身份的使用者家目录(如不加 -u 参数就是系统管理者 root )
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- command 要以系统管理者身份(或以 -u 更改为其他人)执行的指令
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### 实例
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sudo 命令使用
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```sh
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$ sudo ls
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[sudo] password for hnlinux:
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hnlinux is not in the sudoers file. This incident will be reported.
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```
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指定用户执行命令
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```sh
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$ sudo -u userb ls -l
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```
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显示sudo设置
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```sh
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$ sudo -L //显示sudo设置
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Available options in a sudoers ``Defaults'' line:
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syslog: Syslog facility if syslog is being used for logging
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syslog_goodpri: Syslog priority to use when user authenticates successfully
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syslog_badpri: Syslog priority to use when user authenticates unsuccessfully
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long_otp_prompt: Put OTP prompt on its own line
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ignore_dot: Ignore '.' in $PATH
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mail_always: Always send mail when sudo is run
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mail_badpass: Send mail if user authentication fails
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mail_no_user: Send mail if the user is not in sudoers
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mail_no_host: Send mail if the user is not in sudoers for this host
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mail_no_perms: Send mail if the user is not allowed to run a command
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tty_tickets: Use a separate timestamp for each user/tty combo
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lecture: Lecture user the first time they run sudo
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lecture_file: File containing the sudo lecture
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authenticate: Require users to authenticate by default
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root_sudo: Root may run sudo
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log_host: Log the hostname in the (non-syslog) log file
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log_year: Log the year in the (non-syslog) log file
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shell_noargs: If sudo is invoked with no arguments, start a shell
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set_home: Set $HOME to the target user when starting a shell with -s
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always_set_home: Always set $HOME to the target user's home directory
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path_info: Allow some information gathering to give useful error messages
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fqdn: Require fully-qualified hostnames in the sudoers file
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insults: Insult the user when they enter an incorrect password
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requiretty: Only allow the user to run sudo if they have a tty
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env_editor: Visudo will honor the EDITOR environment variable
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rootpw: Prompt for root's password, not the users's
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runaspw: Prompt for the runas_default user's password, not the users's
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targetpw: Prompt for the target user's password, not the users's
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use_loginclass: Apply defaults in the target user's login class if there is one
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set_logname: Set the LOGNAME and USER environment variables
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stay_setuid: Only set the effective uid to the target user, not the real uid
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preserve_groups: Don't initialize the group vector to that of the target user
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loglinelen: Length at which to wrap log file lines (0 for no wrap)
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timestamp_timeout: Authentication timestamp timeout
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passwd_timeout: Password prompt timeout
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passwd_tries: Number of tries to enter a password
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umask: Umask to use or 0777 to use user's
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logfile: Path to log file
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mailerpath: Path to mail program
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mailerflags: Flags for mail program
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mailto: Address to send mail to
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mailfrom: Address to send mail from
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mailsub: Subject line for mail messages
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badpass_message: Incorrect password message
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timestampdir: Path to authentication timestamp dir
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timestampowner: Owner of the authentication timestamp dir
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exempt_group: Users in this group are exempt from password and PATH requirements
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passprompt: Default password prompt
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passprompt_override: If set, passprompt will override system prompt in all cases.
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runas_default: Default user to run commands as
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secure_path: Value to override user's $PATH with
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editor: Path to the editor for use by visudo
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listpw: When to require a password for 'list' pseudocommand
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verifypw: When to require a password for 'verify' pseudocommand
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|||
|
noexec: Preload the dummy exec functions contained in 'noexec_file'
|
|||
|
noexec_file: File containing dummy exec functions
|
|||
|
ignore_local_sudoers: If LDAP directory is up, do we ignore local sudoers file
|
|||
|
closefrom: File descriptors >= %d will be closed before executing a command
|
|||
|
closefrom_override: If set, users may override the value of `closefrom' with the -C option
|
|||
|
setenv: Allow users to set arbitrary environment variables
|
|||
|
env_reset: Reset the environment to a default set of variables
|
|||
|
env_check: Environment variables to check for sanity
|
|||
|
env_delete: Environment variables to remove
|
|||
|
env_keep: Environment variables to preserve
|
|||
|
role: SELinux role to use in the new security context
|
|||
|
type: SELinux type to use in the new security context
|
|||
|
askpass: Path to the askpass helper program
|
|||
|
env_file: Path to the sudo-specific environment file
|
|||
|
sudoers_locale: Locale to use while parsing sudoers
|
|||
|
visiblepw: Allow sudo to prompt for a password even if it would be visisble
|
|||
|
pwfeedback: Provide visual feedback at the password prompt when there is user input
|
|||
|
fast_glob: Use faster globbing that is less accurate but does not access the filesystem
|
|||
|
umask_override: The umask specified in sudoers will override the user's, even if it is more permissive
|
|||
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
以root权限执行上一条命令
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
```sh
|
|||
|
$ sudo !!
|
|||
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
以特定用户身份进行编辑文本
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
```sh
|
|||
|
$ sudo -u uggc vi ~www/index.html
|
|||
|
// 以 uggc 用户身份编辑 home 目录下www目录中的 index.html 文件
|
|||
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
列出目前的权限
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
```sh
|
|||
|
$ sudo -l
|
|||
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
列出 sudo 的版本资讯
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
```sh
|
|||
|
$ sudo -V
|
|||
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
## ps 命令
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
> ps 命令用于显示当前进程 (process) 的状态。
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
### 语法
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
```
|
|||
|
ps [options] [--help]
|
|||
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
**参数**:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
- ps 的参数非常多, 在此仅列出几个常用的参数并大略介绍含义
|
|||
|
- -A 列出所有的行程
|
|||
|
- -w 显示加宽可以显示较多的资讯
|
|||
|
- -au 显示较详细的资讯
|
|||
|
- -aux 显示所有包含其他使用者的行程
|
|||
|
- au(x) 输出格式 :
|
|||
|
- USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND
|
|||
|
- USER: 行程拥有者
|
|||
|
- PID: pid
|
|||
|
- %CPU: 占用的 CPU 使用率
|
|||
|
- %MEM: 占用的记忆体使用率
|
|||
|
- VSZ: 占用的虚拟记忆体大小
|
|||
|
- RSS: 占用的记忆体大小
|
|||
|
- TTY: 终端的次要装置号码 (minor device number of tty)
|
|||
|
- STAT: 该行程的状态:
|
|||
|
- D: 不可中断的静止 (通悸□□缜b进行 I/O 动作)
|
|||
|
- R: 正在执行中
|
|||
|
- S: 静止状态
|
|||
|
- T: 暂停执行
|
|||
|
- Z: 不存在但暂时无法消除
|
|||
|
- W: 没有足够的记忆体分页可分配
|
|||
|
- <: 高优先序的行程
|
|||
|
- N: 低优先序的行程
|
|||
|
- L: 有记忆体分页分配并锁在记忆体内 (实时系统或捱A I/O)
|
|||
|
- START: 行程开始时间
|
|||
|
- TIME: 执行的时间
|
|||
|
- COMMAND:所执行的指令
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
### 实例
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
```sh
|
|||
|
$ ps -A 显示进程信息
|
|||
|
PID TTY TIME CMD
|
|||
|
1 ? 00:00:02 init
|
|||
|
2 ? 00:00:00 kthreadd
|
|||
|
3 ? 00:00:00 migration/0
|
|||
|
4 ? 00:00:00 ksoftirqd/0
|
|||
|
5 ? 00:00:00 watchdog/0
|
|||
|
6 ? 00:00:00 events/0
|
|||
|
7 ? 00:00:00 cpuset
|
|||
|
8 ? 00:00:00 khelper
|
|||
|
9 ? 00:00:00 netns
|
|||
|
10 ? 00:00:00 async/mgr
|
|||
|
11 ? 00:00:00 pm
|
|||
|
12 ? 00:00:00 sync_supers
|
|||
|
13 ? 00:00:00 bdi-default
|
|||
|
14 ? 00:00:00 kintegrityd/0
|
|||
|
15 ? 00:00:02 kblockd/0
|
|||
|
16 ? 00:00:00 kacpid
|
|||
|
17 ? 00:00:00 kacpi_notify
|
|||
|
18 ? 00:00:00 kacpi_hotplug
|
|||
|
19 ? 00:00:27 ata/0
|
|||
|
……省略部分结果
|
|||
|
30749 pts/0 00:00:15 gedit
|
|||
|
30886 ? 00:01:10 qtcreator.bin
|
|||
|
30894 ? 00:00:00 qtcreator.bin
|
|||
|
31160 ? 00:00:00 dhclient
|
|||
|
31211 ? 00:00:00 aptd
|
|||
|
31302 ? 00:00:00 sshd
|
|||
|
31374 pts/2 00:00:00 bash
|
|||
|
31396 pts/2 00:00:00 ps
|
|||
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
显示指定用户信息
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
```sh
|
|||
|
$ ps -u root //显示root进程用户信息
|
|||
|
PID TTY TIME CMD
|
|||
|
1 ? 00:00:02 init
|
|||
|
2 ? 00:00:00 kthreadd
|
|||
|
3 ? 00:00:00 migration/0
|
|||
|
4 ? 00:00:00 ksoftirqd/0
|
|||
|
5 ? 00:00:00 watchdog/0
|
|||
|
6 ? 00:00:00 events/0
|
|||
|
7 ? 00:00:00 cpuset
|
|||
|
8 ? 00:00:00 khelper
|
|||
|
9 ? 00:00:00 netns
|
|||
|
10 ? 00:00:00 async/mgr
|
|||
|
11 ? 00:00:00 pm
|
|||
|
12 ? 00:00:00 sync_supers
|
|||
|
13 ? 00:00:00 bdi-default
|
|||
|
14 ? 00:00:00 kintegrityd/0
|
|||
|
15 ? 00:00:02 kblockd/0
|
|||
|
16 ? 00:00:00 kacpid
|
|||
|
……省略部分结果
|
|||
|
30487 ? 00:00:06 gnome-terminal
|
|||
|
30488 ? 00:00:00 gnome-pty-helpe
|
|||
|
30489 pts/0 00:00:00 bash
|
|||
|
30670 ? 00:00:00 debconf-communi
|
|||
|
30749 pts/0 00:00:15 gedit
|
|||
|
30886 ? 00:01:10 qtcreator.bin
|
|||
|
30894 ? 00:00:00 qtcreator.bin
|
|||
|
31160 ? 00:00:00 dhclient
|
|||
|
31211 ? 00:00:00 aptd
|
|||
|
31302 ? 00:00:00 sshd
|
|||
|
31374 pts/2 00:00:00 bash
|
|||
|
31397 pts/2 00:00:00 ps
|
|||
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
显示所有进程信息,连同命令行
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
```sh
|
|||
|
$ ps -ef //显示所有命令,连带命令行
|
|||
|
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
|
|||
|
root 1 0 0 10:22 ? 00:00:02 /sbin/init
|
|||
|
root 2 0 0 10:22 ? 00:00:00 [kthreadd]
|
|||
|
root 3 2 0 10:22 ? 00:00:00 [migration/0]
|
|||
|
root 4 2 0 10:22 ? 00:00:00 [ksoftirqd/0]
|
|||
|
root 5 2 0 10:22 ? 00:00:00 [watchdog/0]
|
|||
|
root 6 2 0 10:22 ? /usr/lib/NetworkManager
|
|||
|
……省略部分结果
|
|||
|
root 31302 2095 0 17:42 ? 00:00:00 sshd: root@pts/2
|
|||
|
root 31374 31302 0 17:42 pts/2 00:00:00 -bash
|
|||
|
root 31400 1 0 17:46 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/python /usr/sbin/aptd
|
|||
|
root 31407 31374 0 17:48 pts/2 00:00:00 ps -ef
|
|||
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
显示含关键字的进程
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
```sh
|
|||
|
$ ps ef | grep xxx
|
|||
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
## kill 命令
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
> kill 命令用于删除执行中的程序或工作。
|
|||
|
>
|
|||
|
> kill 可将指定的信息送至程序。预设的信息为 SIGTERM(15),可将指定程序终止。若仍无法终止该程序,可使用 SIGKILL(9) 信息尝试强制删除程序。程序或工作的编号可利用 ps 指令或 jobs 指令查看。
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
### 语法
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
```
|
|||
|
kill [-s <信息名称或编号>][程序] 或 kill [-l <信息编号>]
|
|||
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
**参数说明**:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
- -l <信息编号> 若不加<信息编号>选项,则-l参数会列出全部的信息名称。
|
|||
|
- -s <信息名称或编号> 指定要送出的信息。
|
|||
|
- [程序] [程序]可以是程序的PID或是PGID,也可以是工作编号。
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
### 实例
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
杀死进程
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
```sh
|
|||
|
$ kill 12345
|
|||
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
强制杀死进程
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
```sh
|
|||
|
$ kill -KILL 123456
|
|||
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
发送SIGHUP信号,可以使用一下信号
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
```sh
|
|||
|
$ kill -HUP pid
|
|||
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
彻底杀死进程
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
```sh
|
|||
|
$ kill -9 123456
|
|||
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
显示信号
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
```sh
|
|||
|
$ kill -l
|
|||
|
1) SIGHUP 2) SIGINT 3) SIGQUIT 4) SIGILL 5) SIGTRAP
|
|||
|
6) SIGABRT 7) SIGBUS 8) SIGFPE 9) SIGKILL 10) SIGUSR1
|
|||
|
11) SIGSEGV 12) SIGUSR2 13) SIGPIPE 14) SIGALRM 15) SIGTERM
|
|||
|
16) SIGSTKFLT 17) SIGCHLD 18) SIGCONT 19) SIGSTOP 20) SIGTSTP
|
|||
|
21) SIGTTIN 22) SIGTTOU 23) SIGURG 24) SIGXCPU 25) SIGXFSZ
|
|||
|
26) SIGVTALRM 27) SIGPROF 28) SIGWINCH 29) SIGIO 30) SIGPWR
|
|||
|
31) SIGSYS 34) SIGRTMIN 35) SIGRTMIN+1 36) SIGRTMIN+2 37) SIGRTMIN+3
|
|||
|
38) SIGRTMIN+4 39) SIGRTMIN+5 40) SIGRTMIN+6 41) SIGRTMIN+7 42) SIGRTMIN+8
|
|||
|
43) SIGRTMIN+9 44) SIGRTMIN+10 45) SIGRTMIN+11 46) SIGRTMIN+12 47) SIGRTMIN+13
|
|||
|
48) SIGRTMIN+14 49) SIGRTMIN+15 50) SIGRTMAX-14 51) SIGRTMAX-13 52) SIGRTMAX-12
|
|||
|
53) SIGRTMAX-11 54) SIGRTMAX-10 55) SIGRTMAX-9 56) SIGRTMAX-8 57) SIGRTMAX-7
|
|||
|
58) SIGRTMAX-6 59) SIGRTMAX-5 60) SIGRTMAX-4 61) SIGRTMAX-3 62) SIGRTMAX-2
|
|||
|
63) SIGRTMAX-1 64) SIGRTMAX
|
|||
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
杀死指定用户所有进程
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
```sh
|
|||
|
$ kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep hnlinux) //方法一 过滤出hnlinux用户进程
|
|||
|
$ kill -u hnlinux //方法二
|
|||
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
## exit 命令
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
> exit 命令用于退出目前的shell。
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
执行exit可使shell以指定的状态值退出。若不设置状态值参数,则shell以预设值退出。状态值0代表执行成功,其他值代表执行失败。exit也可用在script,离开正在执行的script,回到shell。
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
### 语法
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
```
|
|||
|
exit [状态值]
|
|||
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
### 实例
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
退出终端
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
```
|
|||
|
# exit
|
|||
|
```
|