168 lines
3.7 KiB
Markdown
168 lines
3.7 KiB
Markdown
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---
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title: linux 常用命令-系统操作
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date: 2018/02/28
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categories:
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- linux
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tags:
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- linux
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- command
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---
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<!-- TOC -->
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- [linux 常用命令-系统操作](#linux-%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4-%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C)
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- [reboot](#reboot)
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- [补充说明](#%E8%A1%A5%E5%85%85%E8%AF%B4%E6%98%8E)
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- [语法](#%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95)
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- [选项](#%E9%80%89%E9%A1%B9)
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- [实例](#%E5%AE%9E%E4%BE%8B)
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- [exit](#exit)
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- [补充说明](#%E8%A1%A5%E5%85%85%E8%AF%B4%E6%98%8E)
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- [语法](#%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95)
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- [参数](#%E5%8F%82%E6%95%B0)
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- [实例](#%E5%AE%9E%E4%BE%8B)
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- [shutdown](#shutdown)
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- [补充说明](#%E8%A1%A5%E5%85%85%E8%AF%B4%E6%98%8E)
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- [语法](#%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95)
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- [选项](#%E9%80%89%E9%A1%B9)
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- [参数](#%E5%8F%82%E6%95%B0)
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- [实例](#%E5%AE%9E%E4%BE%8B)
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<!-- /TOC -->
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# linux 常用命令-系统操作
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## reboot
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重新启动正在运行的Linux操作系统
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### 补充说明
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**reboot命令** 用来重新启动正在运行的Linux操作系统。
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### 语法
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```
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reboot(选项)
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```
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### 选项
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```
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-d：重新开机时不把数据写入记录文件/var/tmp/wtmp。本参数具有“-n”参数效果；
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-f：强制重新开机，不调用shutdown指令的功能；
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-i：在重开机之前，先关闭所有网络界面；
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-n：重开机之前不检查是否有未结束的程序；
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-w：仅做测试，并不真正将系统重新开机，只会把重开机的数据写入/var/log目录下的wtmp记录文件。
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```
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### 实例
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```
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reboot //重开机。
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reboot -w //做个重开机的模拟（只有纪录并不会真的重开机）。
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```
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## exit
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退出当前的shell
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### 补充说明
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**exit命令** 同于退出shell，并返回给定值。在shell脚本中可以终止当前脚本执行。执行exit可使shell以指定的状态值退出。若不设置状态值参数，则shell以预设值退出。状态值0代表执行成功，其他值代表执行失败。
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### 语法
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```
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exit(参数)
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```
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### 参数
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返回值：指定shell返回值。
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### 实例
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退出当前shell：
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```
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[root@localhost ~]# exit
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logout
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```
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在脚本中，进入脚本所在目录，否则退出：
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```
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cd $(dirname $0) || exit 1
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```
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在脚本中，判断参数数量，不匹配就打印使用方式，退出：
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```
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if [ "$#" -ne "2" ]; then
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echo "usage: $0 <area> <hours>"
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exit 2
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fi
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```
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在脚本中，退出时删除临时文件：
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```
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trap "rm -f tmpfile; echo Bye." EXIT
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```
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检查上一命令的退出码：
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```
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./mycommand.sh
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EXCODE=$?
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if [ "$EXCODE" == "0" ]; then
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echo "O.K"
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fi
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```
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## shutdown
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用来执行系统关机的命令。
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### 补充说明
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**shutdown命令** 用来系统关机命令。shutdown指令可以关闭所有程序，并依用户的需要，进行重新开机或关机的动作。
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### 语法
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```
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shutdown(选项)(参数)
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```
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### 选项
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```
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-c：当执行“shutdown -h 11:50”指令时，只要按+键就可以中断关机的指令；
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-f：重新启动时不执行fsck；
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-F：重新启动时执行fsck；
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-h：将系统关机；
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-k：只是送出信息给所有用户，但不会实际关机；
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-n：不调用init程序进行关机，而由shutdown自己进行；
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-r：shutdown之后重新启动；
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-t<秒数>：送出警告信息和删除信息之间要延迟多少秒。
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```
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### 参数
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* [时间]：设置多久时间后执行shutdown指令；
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* [警告信息]：要传送给所有登入用户的信息。
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### 实例
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指定现在立即关机：
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```
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shutdown -h now
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```
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指定5分钟后关机，同时送出警告信息给登入用户：
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```
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shutdown +5 "System will shutdown after 5 minutes"
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```
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