2018-06-05 19:23:47 +08:00
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# Prometheus
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随着`heapster`项目停止更新并慢慢被`metrics-server`取代,集群监控这项任务也将最终转移。`prometheus`的监控理念、数据结构设计其实相当精简,包括其非常灵活的查询语言;但是对于初学者来说,想要在k8s集群中实践搭建一套相对可用的部署却比较麻烦,由此还产生了不少专门的项目(如:[prometheus-operator](https://github.com/coreos/prometheus-operator)),本文介绍使用`helm chart`部署集群的prometheus监控。
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- `helm`已成为`CNCF`独立托管项目,预计会更加流行起来
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## 前提
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- 安装 helm:以本项目[安全安装helm](helm.md)为例
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- 安装 [kube-dns](kubedns.md)
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## 准备
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安装目录概览 `ll /etc/ansible/manifests/prometheus`
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``` bash
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drwx------ 3 root root 4096 Jun 3 22:42 grafana/
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-rw-r----- 1 root root 67875 Jun 4 22:47 grafana-dashboards.yaml
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-rw-r----- 1 root root 690 Jun 4 09:34 grafana-settings.yaml
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-rw-r----- 1 root root 1105 May 30 16:54 prom-alertrules.yaml
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-rw-r----- 1 root root 474 Jun 5 10:04 prom-alertsmanager.yaml
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drwx------ 3 root root 4096 Jun 2 21:39 prometheus/
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-rw-r----- 1 root root 294 May 30 18:09 prom-settings.yaml
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```
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- 目录`prometheus/`和`grafana/`即官方的helm charts,可以使用`helm fetch --untar stable/prometheus` 和 `helm fetch --untar stable/grafana`下载,本安装不会修改任何官方charts里面的内容,这样方便以后跟踪charts版本的更新
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- `prom-settings.yaml`:个性化prometheus安装参数,比如禁用PV,禁用pushgateway,设置nodePort等
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- `prom-alertrules.yaml`:配置告警规则
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- `prom-alertsmanager.yaml`:配置告警邮箱设置等
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- `grafana-settings.yaml`:个性化grafana安装参数,比如用户名密码,datasources,dashboardProviders等
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- `grafana-dashboards.yaml`:预设置dashboard
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## 安装
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``` bash
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$ source ~/.bashrc
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$ cd /etc/ansible/manifests/prometheus
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# 安装 prometheus chart,如果你的helm安装没有启用tls证书,请使用helm命令替换以下的helms命令
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$ helms install \
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--name monitor \
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--namespace monitoring \
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-f prom-settings.yaml \
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-f prom-alertsmanager.yaml \
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-f prom-alertrules.yaml \
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prometheus
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# 安装 grafana chart
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$ helms install \
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--name grafana \
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--namespace monitoring \
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-f grafana-settings.yaml \
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-f grafana-dashboards.yaml \
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grafana
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```
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## 验证安装
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``` bash
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# 查看相关pod和svc
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$ kubectl get pod,svc -n monitoring
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NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
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grafana-54dc76d47d-2mk55 1/1 Running 0 1m
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monitor-prometheus-alertmanager-6d9d9b5b96-w57bk 2/2 Running 0 2m
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monitor-prometheus-kube-state-metrics-69f5d56f49-fh9z7 1/1 Running 0 2m
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monitor-prometheus-node-exporter-55bwx 1/1 Running 0 2m
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monitor-prometheus-node-exporter-k8sb2 1/1 Running 0 2m
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monitor-prometheus-node-exporter-kxlr9 1/1 Running 0 2m
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monitor-prometheus-node-exporter-r5dx8 1/1 Running 0 2m
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monitor-prometheus-server-5ccfc77dff-8h9k6 2/2 Running 0 2m
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NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
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grafana NodePort 10.68.74.242 <none> 80:39002/TCP 1m
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monitor-prometheus-alertmanager NodePort 10.68.69.105 <none> 80:39001/TCP 2m
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monitor-prometheus-kube-state-metrics ClusterIP None <none> 80/TCP 2m
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monitor-prometheus-node-exporter ClusterIP None <none> 9100/TCP 2m
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monitor-prometheus-server NodePort 10.68.248.94 <none> 80:39000/TCP 2m
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```
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- 访问prometheus的web界面:`http://$NodeIP:39000`
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- 访问alertmanager的web界面:`http://$NodeIP:39001`
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- 访问grafana的web界面:`http://$NodeIP:39002` (默认用户密码 admin:admin,可在web界面修改)
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## 管理操作
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- 升级(修改配置):修改配置请在`prom-settings.yaml` `prom-alertsmanager.yaml` 等文件中进行,保存后执行:
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``` bash
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# 修改prometheus
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$ helms upgrade monitor -f prom-settings.yaml -f prom-alertsmanager.yaml -f prom-alertrules.yaml prometheus
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# 修改grafana
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$ helms upgrade grafana -f grafana-settings.yaml -f grafana-dashboards.yaml grafana
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```
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- 回退:具体可以参考`helm help rollback`文档
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``` bash
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$ helms rollback monitor [REVISION]
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```
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- 删除
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``` bash
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$ helms del monitor --purge
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$ helms del grafana --purge
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```
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## 验证告警
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- 修改`prom-alertsmanager.yaml`文件中邮件告警为有效的配置内容,并使用 helms upgrade更新安装
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- 查看`prom-alertrules.yaml`文件,确认文件中设置了内存使用超过90%的告警规则
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- 部署测试应用,并压力测试使其内存超过90%,看是否触发告警并发送告警邮件
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``` bash
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# 创建deploy和service
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$ kubectl run nginx1 --image=nginx --port=80 --expose --limits='cpu=500m,memory=4Mi'
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# 增加负载(可用Ctrl + C 停止)
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$ kubectl run --rm -it load-generator --image=busybox /bin/sh
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Hit enter for command prompt
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2018-06-05 19:35:22 +08:00
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$ while true; do wget -q -O- http://nginx1; done;
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2018-06-05 19:23:47 +08:00
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# 等待约几分钟查看是否有告警
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```
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## 下一步
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- 继续了解prometheus查询语言和配置文件
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- 继续了解prometheus告警规则,编写适合业务应用的告警规则
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- 继续了解grafana的dashboard编写,本项目参考了部分[feisky的模板](https://grafana.com/orgs/feisky/dashboards)
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如果对以上部分有心得总结,欢迎分享贡献在项目中。
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