2019-06-09 10:58:01 +08:00
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## EX-LB 负载均衡部署
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2021-01-19 17:41:00 +08:00
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根据[HA 2x架构](00-planning_and_overall_intro.md),k8s集群自身高可用已经不依赖于外部 lb 服务;但是有时我们要从外部访问 apiserver(比如 CI 流程),就需要 ex_lb 来请求多个 apiserver;
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2021-01-19 17:41:00 +08:00
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还有一种情况是需要[负载转发到ingress服务](../op/loadballance_ingress_nodeport.md),也需要部署ex_lb;
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2021-01-19 17:41:00 +08:00
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**注意:当遇到公有云环境无法自建 ex_lb 服务时,可以配置对应的云负载均衡服务**
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2021-01-19 17:41:00 +08:00
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### ex_lb 服务组件
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2019-06-09 10:58:01 +08:00
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2021-04-09 08:35:12 +08:00
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更新:kubeasz 3.0.2 重写了ex-lb服务安装,利用最小化依赖编译安装的二进制文件,不依赖于linux发行版;优点是可以统一版本和简化离线安装部署,并且理论上能够支持更多linux发行版
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2019-06-09 10:58:01 +08:00
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2021-04-09 08:35:12 +08:00
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ex_lb 服务由 keepalived 和 l4lb 组成:
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- l4lb:是一个精简版(仅支持四层转发)的nginx编译二进制版本
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- keepalived:利用主备节点vrrp协议通信和虚拟地址,消除l4lb的单点故障;keepalived保持存活,它是基于VRRP协议保证所谓的高可用或热备的,这里用来预防l4lb的单点故障。
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2019-06-09 10:58:01 +08:00
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2021-04-09 08:35:12 +08:00
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keepalived与l4lb配合,实现master的高可用过程如下:
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2019-06-09 10:58:01 +08:00
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+ 1.keepalived利用vrrp协议生成一个虚拟地址(VIP),正常情况下VIP存活在keepalive的主节点,当主节点故障时,VIP能够漂移到keepalived的备节点,保障VIP地址高可用性。
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+ 2.在keepalived的主备节点都配置相同l4lb负载配置,并且监听客户端请求在VIP的地址上,保障随时都有一个l4lb负载均衡在正常工作。并且keepalived启用对l4lb进程的存活检测,一旦主节点l4lb进程故障,VIP也能切换到备节点,从而让备节点的l4lb进行负载工作。
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+ 3.在l4lb的配置中配置多个后端真实kube-apiserver的endpoints,并启用存活监测后端kube-apiserver,如果一个kube-apiserver故障,l4lb会将其剔除负载池。
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2019-06-09 10:58:01 +08:00
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2021-04-09 08:35:12 +08:00
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#### 安装l4lb
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2021-04-09 08:35:12 +08:00
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#### 配置l4lb (roles/ex-lb/templates/l4lb.conf.j2)
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2021-04-09 08:35:12 +08:00
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配置由全局配置和三个upstream servers配置组成:
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- apiservers 用于转发至多个apiserver
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- ingress-nodes 用于转发至node节点的ingress http服务,[参阅](../op/loadballance_ingress_nodeport.md)
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- ingress-tls-nodes 用于转发至node节点的ingress https服务
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#### 安装keepalived
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#### 配置keepalived主节点 [keepalived-master.conf.j2](../../roles/ex-lb/templates/keepalived-master.conf.j2)
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``` bash
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global_defs {
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}
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vrrp_track_process check-l4lb {
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process l4lb
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weight -60
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delay 3
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}
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vrrp_instance VI-01 {
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state MASTER
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priority 120
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unicast_src_ip {{ inventory_hostname }}
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unicast_peer {
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{% for h in groups['ex_lb'] %}{% if h != inventory_hostname %}
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{{ h }}
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{% endif %}{% endfor %}
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}
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dont_track_primary
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interface {{ LB_IF }}
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virtual_router_id {{ ROUTER_ID }}
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advert_int 3
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track_process {
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check-l4lb
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}
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virtual_ipaddress {
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{{ EX_APISERVER_VIP }}
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}
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}
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```
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2021-04-09 08:35:12 +08:00
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+ vrrp_track_process 定义了监测l4lb进程是否存活,如果进程不存在,根据`weight -60`设置将主节点优先级降低60,这样原先备节点将变成主节点。
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+ vrrp_instance 定义了vrrp组,包括优先级、使用端口、router_id、心跳频率、检测脚本、虚拟地址VIP等
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+ 特别注意 `virtual_router_id` 标识了一个 VRRP组,在同网段下必须唯一,否则出现 `Keepalived_vrrp: bogus VRRP packet received on eth0 !!!`类似报错
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+ 配置 vrrp 协议通过单播发送
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#### 配置keepalived备节点 [keepalived-backup.conf.j2](../../roles/ex-lb/templates/keepalived-backup.conf.j2)
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+ 备节点的配置类似主节点,除了优先级和检测脚本,其他如 `virtual_router_id` `advert_int` `virtual_ipaddress`必须与主节点一致
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2021-04-09 08:35:12 +08:00
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### 启动 keepalived 和 l4lb 后验证
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2019-06-09 10:58:01 +08:00
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+ lb 节点验证
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``` bash
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systemctl status l4lb # 检查进程状态
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journalctl -u l4lb # 检查进程日志是否有报错信息
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systemctl status keepalived # 检查进程状态
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journalctl -u keepalived # 检查进程日志是否有报错信息
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```
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+ 在 keepalived 主节点
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``` bash
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ip a # 检查 master的 VIP地址是否存在
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```
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### keepalived 主备切换演练
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2021-04-09 08:35:12 +08:00
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1. 尝试关闭 keepalived主节点上的 l4lb进程,然后在keepalived 备节点上查看 master的 VIP地址是否能够漂移过来,并依次检查上一步中的验证项。
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1. 尝试直接关闭 keepalived 主节点系统,检查各验证项。
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