## 05-安装calico网络组件.md 推荐阅读[feiskyer-kubernetes指南](https://github.com/feiskyer/kubernetes-handbook) 网络相关内容 首先回顾下K8S网络设计原则,在配置集群网络插件或者实践K8S 应用/服务部署请时刻想到这些原则: - 1.每个Pod都拥有一个独立IP地址,Pod内所有容器共享一个网络命名空间 - 2.集群内所有Pod都在一个直接连通的扁平网络中,可通过IP直接访问 - 所有容器之间无需NAT就可以直接互相访问 - 所有Node和所有容器之间无需NAT就可以直接互相访问 - 容器自己看到的IP跟其他容器看到的一样 - 3.Service cluster IP尽可在集群内部访问,外部请求需要通过NodePort、LoadBalance或者Ingress来访问 `Container Network Interface (CNI)`是目前CNCF主推的网络模型,它由两部分组成: - CNI Plugin负责给容器配置网络,它包括两个基本的接口 - 配置网络: AddNetwork(net *NetworkConfig, rt *RuntimeConf) (types.Result, error) - 清理网络: DelNetwork(net *NetworkConfig, rt *RuntimeConf) error - IPAM Plugin负责给容器分配IP地址 Kubernetes Pod的网络是这样创建的: - 0.每个Pod除了创建时指定的容器外,都有一个kubelet启动时指定的`基础容器`,比如:`mirrorgooglecontainers/pause-amd64` `registry.access.redhat.com/rhel7/pod-infrastructure` - 1.首先 kubelet创建`基础容器`生成network namespace - 2.然后 kubelet调用网络CNI driver,由它根据配置调用具体的CNI 插件 - 3.然后 CNI 插件给`基础容器`配置网络 - 4.最后 Pod 中其他的容器共享使用`基础容器`的网络 本文档基于CNI driver 调用calico 插件来配置kubernetes的网络,常用CNI插件有 `flannel` `calico` `weave`等等,这些插件各有优势,也在互相借鉴学习优点,比如:在所有node节点都在一个二层网络时候,flannel提供hostgw实现,避免vxlan实现的udp封装开销,估计是目前最高效的;calico也针对L3 Fabric,推出了IPinIP的选项,利用了GRE隧道封装;因此这些插件都能适合很多实际应用场景,这里选择calico,主要考虑它支持 `kubernetes network policy`。 推荐阅读[calico kubernetes Integration Guide](https://docs.projectcalico.org/v2.6/getting-started/kubernetes/installation/integration) calico-node需要在所有master节点和node节点安装 ``` bash roles/calico/ ├── tasks │   └── main.yml └── templates ├── calicoctl.cfg.j2 ├── calico-node.service.j2 └── cni-calico.conf.j2 ``` 请在另外窗口打开[roles/calico/tasks/main.yml](../roles/calico/tasks/main.yml) 文件,对照看以下讲解内容。 ### 创建calico 证书申请 ``` bash { "CN": "calico", "hosts": [], "key": { "algo": "rsa", "size": 2048 }, "names": [ { "C": "CN", "ST": "HangZhou", "L": "XS", "O": "k8s", "OU": "System" } ] } ``` - calico 使用客户端证书,所以hosts字段可以为空;后续可以看到calico证书用在四个地方: - calico/node 这个docker 容器运行时访问 etcd 使用证书 - cni 配置文件中,cni 插件需要访问 etcd 使用证书 - calicoctl 操作集群网络时访问 etcd 使用证书 - calico/kube-controllers 同步集群网络策略时访问 etcd 使用证书 ### 创建 calico-node 的服务文件 [calico-node.service.j2](../roles/calico/templates/calico-node.service.j2) ``` bash [Unit] Description=calico node After=docker.service Requires=docker.service [Service] User=root PermissionsStartOnly=true ExecStart={{ bin_dir }}/docker run --net=host --privileged --name=calico-node \ -e ETCD_ENDPOINTS={{ ETCD_ENDPOINTS }} \ -e ETCD_CA_CERT_FILE=/etc/calico/ssl/ca.pem \ -e ETCD_CERT_FILE=/etc/calico/ssl/calico.pem \ -e ETCD_KEY_FILE=/etc/calico/ssl/calico-key.pem \ -e CALICO_LIBNETWORK_ENABLED=true \ -e CALICO_NETWORKING_BACKEND=bird \ -e CALICO_DISABLE_FILE_LOGGING=true \ -e CALICO_IPV4POOL_CIDR={{ CLUSTER_CIDR }} \ -e CALICO_IPV4POOL_IPIP=off \ -e FELIX_DEFAULTENDPOINTTOHOSTACTION=ACCEPT \ -e FELIX_IPV6SUPPORT=false \ -e FELIX_LOGSEVERITYSCREEN=info \ -e FELIX_IPINIPMTU=1440 \ -e FELIX_HEALTHENABLED=true \ -e IP= \ -v /etc/calico/ssl:/etc/calico/ssl \ -v /var/run/calico:/var/run/calico \ -v /lib/modules:/lib/modules \ -v /run/docker/plugins:/run/docker/plugins \ -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock \ -v /var/log/calico:/var/log/calico \ calico/node:v2.6.2 ExecStop={{ bin_dir }}/docker rm -f calico-node Restart=always RestartSec=10 [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target ``` + 详细配置参数请参考[calico官方文档](https://docs.projectcalico.org/v2.6/reference/node/configuration) + calico-node是以docker容器运行在host上的,因此需要把之前的证书目录 /etc/calico/ssl挂载到容器中 + 配置ETCD_ENDPOINTS 、CA、证书等,所有{{ }}变量与ansible hosts文件中设置对应 + 配置集群POD网络 CALICO_IPV4POOL_CIDR={{ CLUSTER_CIDR }} + 本K8S集群运行在自有kvm虚机上,虚机间没有网络ACL限制,因此可以设置`CALICO_IPV4POOL_IPIP=off`,如果运行在公有云虚机上可能需要打开这个选项 `CALICO_IPV4POOL_IPIP=always` + 配置FELIX_DEFAULTENDPOINTTOHOSTACTION=ACCEPT 默认允许Pod到Node的网络流量,更多[felix配置选项](https://docs.projectcalico.org/v2.6/reference/felix/configuration) ### 启动calico-node ### 准备cni-calico配置文件 [cni-calico.conf.j2](../roles/calico/templates/cni-calico.conf.j2) ``` bash { "name": "calico-k8s-network", "cniVersion": "0.1.0", "type": "calico", "etcd_endpoints": "{{ ETCD_ENDPOINTS }}", "etcd_key_file": "/etc/calico/ssl/calico-key.pem", "etcd_cert_file": "/etc/calico/ssl/calico.pem", "etcd_ca_cert_file": "/etc/calico/ssl/ca.pem", "log_level": "info", "mtu": 1500, "ipam": { "type": "calico-ipam" }, "policy": { "type": "k8s" }, "kubernetes": { "kubeconfig": "/root/.kube/config" } } ``` + 主要配置etcd相关、ipam、policy等,配置选项[参考](https://docs.projectcalico.org/v2.6/reference/cni-plugin/configuration) ### [可选]配置calicoctl工具 [calicoctl.cfg.j2](roles/calico/templates/calicoctl.cfg.j2) ``` bash apiVersion: v1 kind: calicoApiConfig metadata: spec: datastoreType: "etcdv2" etcdEndpoints: {{ ETCD_ENDPOINTS }} etcdKeyFile: /etc/calico/ssl/calico-key.pem etcdCertFile: /etc/calico/ssl/calico.pem etcdCACertFile: /etc/calico/ssl/ca.pem ``` ### 验证calico网络 执行calico安装 `ansible-playbook 05.calico.yml` 成功后可以验证如下:(需要等待calico/node:v2.6.2 镜像下载完成,有时候即便上一步已经配置了docker国内加速,还是可能比较慢,建议确认以下容器运行起来以后,再执行后续步骤) ``` bash docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 631dde89eada calico/node:v2.6.2 "start_runit" 10 minutes ago Up 10 minutes calico-node ``` **查看网卡和路由信息** ``` bash ip a #...省略其他网卡信息,可以看到包含类似cali1cxxx的网卡 3: caliccc295a6d4f@if4: mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default link/ether 12:79:2f:fe:8d:28 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0 inet6 fe80::1079:2fff:fefe:8d28/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 5: tunl0@NONE: mtu 1480 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1 link/ipip 0.0.0.0 brd 0.0.0.0 # tunl0网卡现在不用管,是默认生成的,当开启IPIP 特性时使用的隧道 route -n Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 ens3 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 ens3 172.17.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 docker0 172.20.3.64 192.168.1.65 255.255.255.192 UG 0 0 0 ens3 172.20.33.128 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.192 U 0 0 0 * 172.20.33.129 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 caliccc295a6d4f 172.20.104.0 192.168.1.37 255.255.255.192 UG 0 0 0 ens3 172.20.166.128 192.168.1.36 255.255.255.192 UG 0 0 0 ens3 ``` **查看所有calico节点状态** ``` bash calicoctl node status Calico process is running. IPv4 BGP status +--------------+-------------------+-------+----------+-------------+ | PEER ADDRESS | PEER TYPE | STATE | SINCE | INFO | +--------------+-------------------+-------+----------+-------------+ | 192.168.1.34 | node-to-node mesh | up | 12:34:00 | Established | | 192.168.1.35 | node-to-node mesh | up | 12:34:00 | Established | | 192.168.1.63 | node-to-node mesh | up | 12:34:01 | Established | | 192.168.1.36 | node-to-node mesh | up | 12:34:00 | Established | | 192.168.1.65 | node-to-node mesh | up | 12:34:00 | Established | | 192.168.1.37 | node-to-node mesh | up | 12:34:15 | Established | +--------------+-------------------+-------+----------+-------------+ ``` **BGP 协议是通过TCP 连接来建立邻居的,因此可以用netstat 命令验证 BGP Peer** ``` bash netstat -antlp|grep ESTABLISHED|grep 179 tcp 0 0 192.168.1.66:179 192.168.1.35:41316 ESTABLISHED 28479/bird tcp 0 0 192.168.1.66:179 192.168.1.36:52823 ESTABLISHED 28479/bird tcp 0 0 192.168.1.66:179 192.168.1.65:56311 ESTABLISHED 28479/bird tcp 0 0 192.168.1.66:42000 192.168.1.37:179 ESTABLISHED 28479/bird tcp 0 0 192.168.1.66:179 192.168.1.34:40243 ESTABLISHED 28479/bird tcp 0 0 192.168.1.66:179 192.168.1.63:48979 ESTABLISHED 28479/bird ``` **查看集群ipPool情况** ``` bash calicoctl get ipPool -o yaml - apiVersion: v1 kind: ipPool metadata: cidr: 172.20.0.0/16 spec: nat-outgoing: true ```