From 8ffd4d32583b49c68d49ae1a365a890a2b7791eb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: xianhu <qixianhu@qq.com>
Date: Sun, 16 Oct 2016 10:05:18 +0800
Subject: [PATCH] add python_spider

---
 README.md        |  2 ++
 python_spider.py | 87 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 89 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 python_spider.py

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index bcf07c9..51d6c83 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -4,3 +4,5 @@
 ### python_base.py: 千行代码入门Python
 
 ### python_visual.py: 15张图入门Matplotlib
+
+### python_spider.py: 一个很“水”的Python爬虫入门代码文件
diff --git a/python_spider.py b/python_spider.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cb08450
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python_spider.py
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+# _*_ coding: utf-8 _*_
+
+"""
+python_spider.py by xianhu
+"""
+
+import urllib.error
+import urllib.parse
+import urllib.request
+import http.cookiejar
+
+
+# 最简单的方式
+response = urllib.request.urlopen("http://www.baidu.com", timeout=10)
+html = response.read().decode("utf-8")
+
+
+# 使用Request类
+request = urllib.request.Request("http://www.baidu.com/")
+response = urllib.request.urlopen(request, timeout=10)
+
+
+# 发送数据，即在urlopen()或者Request()中添加data参数
+url = "http://localhost/login.php"
+data = urllib.parse.urlencode({"act": "login", "email": "xianhu@qq.com", "password": "123456"})
+request1 = urllib.request.Request(url, data)			# POST方法
+request2 = urllib.request.Request(url + "?%s" % data)   # GET方法
+response = urllib.request.urlopen(request, timeout=10)
+
+
+# 发送Header，即在urlopen()或者Request()中添加headers参数
+headers = {"User-Agent": "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 5.5; Windows NT)"}
+request = urllib.request.Request(url, data=data, headers=headers)   # 参数中添加header参数
+request.add_header("Referer", "http://www.baidu.com")		        # add_header函数，另一种添加header的方法
+response = urllib.request.urlopen(request, timeout=10)
+
+
+# 对付"反盗链"：所谓的反盗链设置，就是检查header里的referer站点是不是他自己。所以只需要像把headers的referer改成某个网站自己即可
+headers = {"Referer": "http://www.baidu.com/"}
+
+
+# 引发异常：urllib.error.HTTPError, urllib.error.URLError, 两者存在继承关系
+try:
+    urllib.request.urlopen(request, timeout=10)
+except urllib.error.HTTPError as e:
+    print(e.code, e.reason)
+
+
+# 使用代理，以防止IP被封或IP次数受限：
+proxy = urllib.request.ProxyHandler({"http": "111.123.76.12:8080"})
+
+opener = urllib.request.build_opener(proxy)				# 利用代理创建opener实例（OpenerDirector实例）
+response = opener.open("https://www.baidu.com/")		# 直接利用opener实例打开url
+
+urllib.request.install_opener(opener)					# 安装、设置全局的opener，然后利用urlopen打开url
+response = urllib.request.urlopen("https://www.baidu.com/")
+
+
+# 抓取网页中的图片：同样适用于抓取网络上的文件。右击鼠标，找到图片属性中的地址，然后进行保存。
+url = "http://ww3.sinaimg.cn/large/7d742c99tw1ee7dac2766j204q04qmxq.jpg"
+response = urllib.request.urlopen(url, timeout=120)
+with open("test.jpg", "wb") as file_img:
+    file_img.write(response.read())
+
+
+# 使用cookie和cookiejar
+cookie_jar = http.cookiejar.CookieJar()
+opener = urllib.request.build_opener(urllib.request.HTTPCookieProcessor(cookiejar=cookie_jar))
+response = opener.open("https://www.baidu.com/")
+for cookie in cookie_jar:
+    print(cookie)
+
+
+# 发送在浏览器中获取的cookie,两种方式:(1)直接放到headers里,(2)构建cookie,添加到cookiejar中
+headers = {"User-Agent": "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 5.5; Windows NT)",
+           "Cookie": "PHPSESSID=btqkg9amjrtoeev8coq0m78396; USERINFO=n6nxTHTY%2BJA39z6CpNB4eKN8f0KsYLjAQTwPe%2BhLHLruEbjaeh4ulhWAS5RysUM%2B; "}
+request = urllib.request.Request(url, headers=headers)
+
+cookie = http.cookiejar.Cookie(name="xx", value="xx", domain="xx")
+cookie_jar.set_cookie(cookie)
+response = opener.open("https://www.baidu.com/")
+
+
+# 同时使用代理和cookiejar
+opener = urllib.request.build_opener(urllib.request.HTTPCookieProcessor(cookiejar=cookie_jar))
+opener.add_handler(urllib.request.ProxyHandler(proxies={"http": "http://www.example.com:8888/"}))
+response = opener.open("https://www.baidu.com/")