765 lines
23 KiB
Markdown
765 lines
23 KiB
Markdown
|
## 项目部署上线指南
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### 准备上线
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
1. 上线前的检查工作。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```Shell
|
|||
|
|
python manage.py check --deploy
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
2. 将DEBUG设置为False并配置ALLOWED_HOSTS。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```Python
|
|||
|
|
DEBUG = False
|
|||
|
|
ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['*']
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
3. 安全相关的配置。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```Python
|
|||
|
|
# 保持HTTPS连接的时间
|
|||
|
|
SECURE_HSTS_SECONDS = 3600
|
|||
|
|
SECURE_HSTS_INCLUDE_SUBDOMAINS = True
|
|||
|
|
SECURE_HSTS_PRELOAD = True
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
# 自动重定向到安全连接
|
|||
|
|
SECURE_SSL_REDIRECT = True
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
# 避免浏览器自作聪明推断内容类型
|
|||
|
|
SECURE_CONTENT_TYPE_NOSNIFF = True
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
# 避免跨站脚本攻击
|
|||
|
|
SECURE_BROWSER_XSS_FILTER = True
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
# COOKIE只能通过HTTPS进行传输
|
|||
|
|
SESSION_COOKIE_SECURE = True
|
|||
|
|
CSRF_COOKIE_SECURE = True
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
# 防止点击劫持攻击手段 - 修改HTTP协议响应头
|
|||
|
|
# 当前网站是不允许使用<iframe>标签进行加载的
|
|||
|
|
X_FRAME_OPTIONS = 'DENY'
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
4. 敏感信息放到环境变量或文件中。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```Python
|
|||
|
|
SECRET_KEY = os.environ['SECRET_KEY']
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
DB_USER = os.environ['DB_USER']
|
|||
|
|
DB_PASS = os.environ['DB_PASS']
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
REDIS_AUTH = os.environ['REDIS_AUTH']
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### 更新服务器Python环境到3.x
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
> 说明：如果需要清除之前的安装，就删除对应的文件和文件夹即可
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
1. 安装底层依赖库。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```Shell
|
|||
|
|
yum -y install wget gcc zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel libffi-devel
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
2. 下载Python源代码。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```Shell
|
|||
|
|
wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.1/Python-3.7.1.tar.xz
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
3. 解压缩和解归档。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```Shell
|
|||
|
|
xz -d Python-3.7.1.tar.xz
|
|||
|
|
tar -xvf Python-3.7.1.tar
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
4. 执行配置生成Makefile（构建文件）。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```Shell
|
|||
|
|
cd Python-3.7.1
|
|||
|
|
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python37 --enable-optimizations
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
5. 构建和安装。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```Shell
|
|||
|
|
make && make install
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
6. 配置PATH环境变量并激活。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```Shell
|
|||
|
|
cd ~
|
|||
|
|
vim .bash_profile
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```INI
|
|||
|
|
... 此处省略上面的代码...
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/python37/bin
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
... 此处省略下面的代码...
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```Shell
|
|||
|
|
source .bash_profile
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
7. 注册软链接（符号链接）- 这一步不是必须的。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```Shell
|
|||
|
|
ln -s /usr/local/python37/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python3
|
|||
|
|
ln -s /usr/local/python37/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip3
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
8. 测试Python环境是否更新成功。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```Shell
|
|||
|
|
python3 --version
|
|||
|
|
python --version
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### 项目目录结构
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
假设项目文件夹为`project`，下面的四个子目录分别是：`conf`、`logs`、`src`和`venv`分别用来保存项目的配置文件、日志文件、源代码和虚拟环境。其中，`conf`目录下的子目录`cert`中保存了配置HTTPS需要使用的证书和密钥；`src`目录下的项目代码可以通过版本控制工具从代码仓库中检出；虚拟环境可以通过venv或其他工具进行创建。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
project
|
|||
|
|
├── conf
|
|||
|
|
│ ├── cert
|
|||
|
|
│ │ ├── 214915882850706.key
|
|||
|
|
│ │ └── 214915882850706.pem
|
|||
|
|
│ ├── nginx.conf
|
|||
|
|
│ └── uwsgi.ini
|
|||
|
|
├── logs
|
|||
|
|
│ ├── access.log
|
|||
|
|
│ ├── error.log
|
|||
|
|
│ └── uwsgi.log
|
|||
|
|
├── code
|
|||
|
|
│ └── fangall
|
|||
|
|
│ ├── api
|
|||
|
|
│ ├── common
|
|||
|
|
│ ├── fang
|
|||
|
|
│ ├── rent
|
|||
|
|
│ ├── user
|
|||
|
|
│ ├── manage.py
|
|||
|
|
│ ├── README.md
|
|||
|
|
│ ├── static
|
|||
|
|
│ └── templates
|
|||
|
|
└── venv
|
|||
|
|
├── bin
|
|||
|
|
│ ├── activate
|
|||
|
|
│ ├── activate.csh
|
|||
|
|
│ ├── activate.fish
|
|||
|
|
│ ├── celery
|
|||
|
|
│ ├── celerybeat
|
|||
|
|
│ ├── celeryd
|
|||
|
|
│ ├── celeryd-multi
|
|||
|
|
│ ├── coverage
|
|||
|
|
│ ├── coverage3
|
|||
|
|
│ ├── coverage-3.7
|
|||
|
|
│ ├── django-admin
|
|||
|
|
│ ├── django-admin.py
|
|||
|
|
│ ├── easy_install
|
|||
|
|
│ ├── easy_install-3.7
|
|||
|
|
│ ├── pip
|
|||
|
|
│ ├── pip3
|
|||
|
|
│ ├── pip3.7
|
|||
|
|
│ ├── __pycache__
|
|||
|
|
│ ├── pyrsa-decrypt
|
|||
|
|
│ ├── pyrsa-decrypt-bigfile
|
|||
|
|
│ ├── pyrsa-encrypt
|
|||
|
|
│ ├── pyrsa-encrypt-bigfile
|
|||
|
|
│ ├── pyrsa-keygen
|
|||
|
|
│ ├── pyrsa-priv2pub
|
|||
|
|
│ ├── pyrsa-sign
|
|||
|
|
│ ├── pyrsa-verify
|
|||
|
|
│ ├── python -> python3
|
|||
|
|
│ ├── python3 -> /usr/bin/python3
|
|||
|
|
│ └── uwsgi
|
|||
|
|
├── include
|
|||
|
|
├── lib
|
|||
|
|
│ └── python3.7
|
|||
|
|
├── lib64 -> lib
|
|||
|
|
├── pip-selfcheck.json
|
|||
|
|
└── pyvenv.cfg
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
下面以阿里云为例，简单说明如何为项目注册域名、解析域名以及购买权威机构颁发的证书。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
1. [注册域名](https://wanwang.aliyun.com/domain/)。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
2. [域名备案](https://beian.aliyun.com/)。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
3. [域名解析](https://dns.console.aliyun.com/#/dns/domainList)。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
4. [购买证书](https://www.aliyun.com/product/cas)。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### uWSGI的配置
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
1. 在`project`目录下创建并激活虚拟环境。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```Shell
|
|||
|
|
python3 -m venv venv
|
|||
|
|
source venv/bin/activate
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
2. 安装项目依赖项。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```Shell
|
|||
|
|
pip install -r requirements.txt
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
3. 通过pip安装uWSGI。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```Shell
|
|||
|
|
pip install uwsgi
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
4. 修改uWSGI的配置文件（`/root/project/conf/uwsgi.ini`）。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```INI
|
|||
|
|
[uwsgi]
|
|||
|
|
# 配置前导路径
|
|||
|
|
base=/root/project
|
|||
|
|
# 配置项目名称
|
|||
|
|
name=fangtx
|
|||
|
|
# 守护进程
|
|||
|
|
master=true
|
|||
|
|
# 进程个数
|
|||
|
|
processes=4
|
|||
|
|
# 虚拟环境
|
|||
|
|
pythonhome=%(base)/venv
|
|||
|
|
# 项目地址
|
|||
|
|
chdir=%(base)/code/%(name)
|
|||
|
|
# 指定python解释器
|
|||
|
|
pythonpath=%(pythonhome)/bin/python
|
|||
|
|
# 指定uwsgi文件
|
|||
|
|
module=%(name).wsgi
|
|||
|
|
# 通信的地址和端口(自己服务器的IP地址和端口)
|
|||
|
|
socket=172.18.61.250:8000
|
|||
|
|
# 日志文件地址
|
|||
|
|
logto=%(base)/logs/uwsgi.log
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
> 说明：可以先将“通信的地址和端口”项等号前面改为http来进行测试，如果没有问题再改回成socket，然后通过Nginx来实现项目的“动静分离”（静态资源交给Nginx处理，动态内容交给 uWSGI处理）。按照下面的方式可以启动uWSGI服务器。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
5. 启动服务器。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```Shell
|
|||
|
|
uwsgi --ini conf/uwsgi.ini
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### Nginx的配置
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
1. 安装Nginx。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```Shell
|
|||
|
|
yum -y install nginx
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
2. 修改全局配置文件（`/etc/nginx/nginx.conf`）。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```Nginx
|
|||
|
|
# 配置用户
|
|||
|
|
user root;
|
|||
|
|
# 工作进程数(建议跟CPU的核数量一致)
|
|||
|
|
worker_processes auto;
|
|||
|
|
# 错误日志
|
|||
|
|
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
|
|||
|
|
# 进程文件
|
|||
|
|
pid /run/nginx.pid;
|
|||
|
|
# 包含其他的配置
|
|||
|
|
include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;
|
|||
|
|
# 工作模式(多路IO复用方式)和连接上限
|
|||
|
|
events {
|
|||
|
|
use epoll;
|
|||
|
|
worker_connections 1024;
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
# HTTP服务器相关配置
|
|||
|
|
http {
|
|||
|
|
# 日志格式
|
|||
|
|
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
|
|||
|
|
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
|
|||
|
|
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
|
|||
|
|
# 访问日志
|
|||
|
|
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;
|
|||
|
|
# 开启高效文件传输模式
|
|||
|
|
sendfile on;
|
|||
|
|
# 用sendfile传输文件时有利于改善性能
|
|||
|
|
tcp_nopush on;
|
|||
|
|
# 禁用Nagle来解决交互性问题
|
|||
|
|
tcp_nodelay on;
|
|||
|
|
# 客户端保持连接时间
|
|||
|
|
keepalive_timeout 30;
|
|||
|
|
types_hash_max_size 2048;
|
|||
|
|
# 包含MIME类型的配置
|
|||
|
|
include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
|
|||
|
|
# 默认使用二进制流格式
|
|||
|
|
default_type application/octet-stream;
|
|||
|
|
# 包含其他配置文件
|
|||
|
|
include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
|
|||
|
|
# 包含项目的Nginx配置文件
|
|||
|
|
include /root/project/conf/*.conf;
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
3. 编辑局部配置文件（`/root/project/conf/nginx.conf`）。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```Nginx
|
|||
|
|
server {
|
|||
|
|
listen 80;
|
|||
|
|
server_name _;
|
|||
|
|
access_log /root/project/logs/access.log;
|
|||
|
|
error_log /root/project/logs/error.log;
|
|||
|
|
location / {
|
|||
|
|
include uwsgi_params;
|
|||
|
|
uwsgi_pass 172.18.61.250:8000;
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
location /static/ {
|
|||
|
|
alias /root/project/static/;
|
|||
|
|
expires 30d;
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
server {
|
|||
|
|
listen 443;
|
|||
|
|
server_name _;
|
|||
|
|
ssl on;
|
|||
|
|
access_log /root/project/logs/access.log;
|
|||
|
|
error_log /root/project/logs/error.log;
|
|||
|
|
ssl_certificate /root/project/conf/cert/214915882850706.pem;
|
|||
|
|
ssl_certificate_key /root/project/conf/cert/214915882850706.key;
|
|||
|
|
ssl_session_timeout 5m;
|
|||
|
|
ssl_ciphers ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE:ECDH:AES:HIGH:!NULL:!aNULL:!MD5:!ADH:!RC4;
|
|||
|
|
ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;
|
|||
|
|
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
|
|||
|
|
location / {
|
|||
|
|
include uwsgi_params;
|
|||
|
|
uwsgi_pass 172.18.61.250:8000;
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
location /static/ {
|
|||
|
|
alias /root/project/static/;
|
|||
|
|
expires 30d;
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
到此为止，我们可以启动Nginx来访问我们的应用程序，HTTP和HTTPS都是没有问题的，如果Nginx已经运行，在修改配置文件后，我们可以用下面的命令重新启动Nginx。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
4. 重启Nginx服务器。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```Shell
|
|||
|
|
nginx -s reload
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
或
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```Shell
|
|||
|
|
systemctl restart nginx
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
> 说明：可以对Django项目使用`python manage.py collectstatic`命令将静态资源收集到指定目录下，要做到这点只需要在项目的配置文件`settings.py`中添加`STATIC_ROOT`配置即可。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
#### 负载均衡配置
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
下面的配置中我们使用Nginx实现负载均衡，为另外的三个Nginx服务器（通过Docker创建）提供反向代理服务。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```Shell
|
|||
|
|
docker run -d -p 801:80 --name nginx1 nginx:latest
|
|||
|
|
docker run -d -p 802:80 --name nginx2 nginx:latest
|
|||
|
|
docker run -d -p 803:80 --name nginx3 nginx:latest
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```Nginx
|
|||
|
|
user root;
|
|||
|
|
worker_processes auto;
|
|||
|
|
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
|
|||
|
|
pid /run/nginx.pid;
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
events {
|
|||
|
|
worker_connections 1024;
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
# 为HTTP服务配置负载均衡
|
|||
|
|
http {
|
|||
|
|
upstream fangtx {
|
|||
|
|
server 172.18.61.250:801 weight=4;
|
|||
|
|
server 172.18.61.250:802 weight=2;
|
|||
|
|
server 172.18.61.250:803 weight=2;
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
server {
|
|||
|
|
listen 80 default_server;
|
|||
|
|
listen [::]:80 default_server;
|
|||
|
|
listen 443 ssl;
|
|||
|
|
listen [::]:443 ssl;
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
ssl on;
|
|||
|
|
access_log /root/project/logs/access.log;
|
|||
|
|
error_log /root/project/logs/error.log;
|
|||
|
|
ssl_certificate /root/project/conf/cert/214915882850706.pem;
|
|||
|
|
ssl_certificate_key /root/project/conf/cert/214915882850706.key;
|
|||
|
|
ssl_session_timeout 5m;
|
|||
|
|
ssl_ciphers ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE:ECDH:AES:HIGH:!NULL:!aNULL:!MD5:!ADH:!RC4;
|
|||
|
|
ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;
|
|||
|
|
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
location / {
|
|||
|
|
proxy_set_header Host $host;
|
|||
|
|
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
|
|||
|
|
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
|
|||
|
|
proxy_buffering off;
|
|||
|
|
proxy_pass http://fangtx;
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
> 说明：Nginx在配置负载均衡时，默认使用WRR（加权轮询算法），除此之外还支持ip_hash、fair（需要安装upstream_fair模块）和url_hash算法。此外，在配置upstream模块时可以指定服务器的状态值，包括：backup（备份机器，其他服务器不可用时才将请求分配到该机器）、down、fail_timeout（请求失败达到max_fails后的暂停服务时间）、max_fails（允许请求失败的次数）和weight（轮询的权重）。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### Keepalived
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
当使用Nginx进行负载均衡配置时，要考虑负载均衡服务器宕机的情况。为此可以使用Keepalived来实现负载均衡主机和备机的热切换，从而保证系统的高可用性。Keepalived的配置还是比较复杂，通常由专门做运维的人进行配置，一个基本的配置可以参照[《Keepalived的配置和使用》](https://www.jianshu.com/p/dd93bc6d45f5)。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### MySQL主从复制
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
下面还是基于Docker来演示如何配置MySQL主从复制。我们事先准备好MySQL的配置文件以及保存MySQL数据和运行日志的目录，然后通过Docker的数据卷映射来指定容器的配置、数据和日志文件的位置。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```Shell
|
|||
|
|
root
|
|||
|
|
└── mysql
|
|||
|
|
├── conf
|
|||
|
|
│ ├── master
|
|||
|
|
│ │ └── mysqld.cnf
|
|||
|
|
│ ├── slave1
|
|||
|
|
│ │ └── mysqld.cnf
|
|||
|
|
│ ├── slave2
|
|||
|
|
│ │ └── mysqld.cnf
|
|||
|
|
│ └── slave3
|
|||
|
|
│ └── mysqld.cnf
|
|||
|
|
└── data
|
|||
|
|
├── master
|
|||
|
|
├── slave1
|
|||
|
|
├── slave2
|
|||
|
|
└── slave3
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
1. MySQL的配置文件（master和slave的配置文件需要不同的server-id）。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
[mysqld]
|
|||
|
|
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
|
|||
|
|
socket=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
|
|||
|
|
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
|
|||
|
|
log-error=/var/log/mysql/error.log
|
|||
|
|
server-id=1
|
|||
|
|
log_bin=/var/log/mysql/mysql-bin.log
|
|||
|
|
expire_logs_days=30
|
|||
|
|
max_binlog_size=256M
|
|||
|
|
symbolic-links=0
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
2. 创建和配置master。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```Shell
|
|||
|
|
docker run -d -p 3306:3306 --name mysql57 \
|
|||
|
|
-v /root/mysql/conf/master:/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d \
|
|||
|
|
-v /root/mysql/data/master:/var/lib/mysql \
|
|||
|
|
-e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 mysql:5.7
|
|||
|
|
docker exec -it mysql57 /bin/bash
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```Shell
|
|||
|
|
mysql -u root -p
|
|||
|
|
Enter password:
|
|||
|
|
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
|
|||
|
|
Your MySQL connection id is 1
|
|||
|
|
Server version: 5.7.23-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
|
|||
|
|
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
|
|||
|
|
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
|
|||
|
|
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
|
|||
|
|
owners.
|
|||
|
|
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'slave'@'%' identified by 'iamslave';
|
|||
|
|
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
mysql> flush privileges;
|
|||
|
|
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
mysql> show master status;
|
|||
|
|
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
|
|||
|
|
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
|
|||
|
|
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
|
|||
|
|
| mysql-bin.000001 | 590 | | | |
|
|||
|
|
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
|
|||
|
|
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
mysql> quit
|
|||
|
|
Bye
|
|||
|
|
exit
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
上面创建Docker容器时使用的`-v`参数（`--volume`）表示映射数据卷，冒号前是宿主机的目录，冒号后是容器中的目录，这样相当于将宿主机中的目录挂载到了容器中。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
3. 创建和配置slave。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```Shell
|
|||
|
|
docker run -d -p 3307:3306 --name mysql57-slave-1 \
|
|||
|
|
-v /root/mysql/conf/slave1:/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d \
|
|||
|
|
-v /root/mysql/data/slave1:/var/lib/mysql \
|
|||
|
|
-e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 \
|
|||
|
|
--link mysql57:mysql57 mysql:5.7
|
|||
|
|
docker exec -it mysql57-slave-1 /bin/bash
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```Shell
|
|||
|
|
mysql -u root -p
|
|||
|
|
Enter password:
|
|||
|
|
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
|
|||
|
|
Your MySQL connection id is 2
|
|||
|
|
Server version: 5.7.23-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
|
|||
|
|
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
|
|||
|
|
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
|
|||
|
|
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
|
|||
|
|
owners.
|
|||
|
|
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
mysql> reset slave;
|
|||
|
|
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
mysql> change master to master_host='mysql57', master_user='slave', master_password='iamslave', master_log_file='mysql-bin.000003', master_log_pos=590;
|
|||
|
|
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.03 sec)
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
mysql> start slave;
|
|||
|
|
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
mysql> show slave status\G
|
|||
|
|
*************************** 1. row ***************************
|
|||
|
|
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
|
|||
|
|
Master_Host: mysql57
|
|||
|
|
Master_User: slave
|
|||
|
|
Master_Port: 3306
|
|||
|
|
Connect_Retry: 60
|
|||
|
|
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
|
|||
|
|
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 590
|
|||
|
|
Relay_Log_File: f352f05eb9d0-relay-bin.000002
|
|||
|
|
Relay_Log_Pos: 320
|
|||
|
|
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
|
|||
|
|
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
|
|||
|
|
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
|
|||
|
|
Replicate_Do_DB:
|
|||
|
|
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
|
|||
|
|
Replicate_Do_Table:
|
|||
|
|
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
|
|||
|
|
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
|
|||
|
|
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
|
|||
|
|
Last_Errno: 0
|
|||
|
|
Last_Error:
|
|||
|
|
Skip_Counter: 0
|
|||
|
|
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 590
|
|||
|
|
Relay_Log_Space: 534
|
|||
|
|
Until_Condition: None
|
|||
|
|
Until_Log_File:
|
|||
|
|
Until_Log_Pos: 0
|
|||
|
|
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
|
|||
|
|
Master_SSL_CA_File:
|
|||
|
|
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
|
|||
|
|
Master_SSL_Cert:
|
|||
|
|
Master_SSL_Cipher:
|
|||
|
|
Master_SSL_Key:
|
|||
|
|
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
|
|||
|
|
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
|
|||
|
|
Last_IO_Errno: 0
|
|||
|
|
Last_IO_Error:
|
|||
|
|
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
|
|||
|
|
Last_SQL_Error:
|
|||
|
|
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
|
|||
|
|
Master_Server_Id: 1
|
|||
|
|
Master_UUID: 30c38043-ada1-11e8-8fa1-0242ac110002
|
|||
|
|
Master_Info_File: /var/lib/mysql/master.info
|
|||
|
|
SQL_Delay: 0
|
|||
|
|
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
|
|||
|
|
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
|
|||
|
|
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
|
|||
|
|
Master_Bind:
|
|||
|
|
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
|
|||
|
|
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
|
|||
|
|
Master_SSL_Crl:
|
|||
|
|
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
|
|||
|
|
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
|
|||
|
|
Executed_Gtid_Set:
|
|||
|
|
Auto_Position: 0
|
|||
|
|
Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
|
|||
|
|
Channel_Name:
|
|||
|
|
Master_TLS_Version:
|
|||
|
|
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
mysql> quit
|
|||
|
|
Bye
|
|||
|
|
exit
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
接下来可以如法炮制配置出slave2和slave3，这样就可以搭建起一个“一主带三从”的主从复制环境。上面创建创建容器时使用的`--link`参数用来配置容器在网络上的主机名（网络地址别名），下一节有这个知识点的介绍。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### Docker
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
事实上，项目上线中最为麻烦的事情就是配置软件运行环境，环境的差异会给软件的安装和部署带来诸多的麻烦，而Docker正好可以解决这个问题。关于Docker在之前的文档中我们已经介绍过了，接下来我们对Docker的知识做一些必要的补充。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
1. 创建镜像文件。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
将容器保存成镜像：
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```Shell
|
|||
|
|
docker commit -m "..." -a "..." <container-name> jackfrued/<image-name>
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
使用Dockerfile构建镜像：
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```Dockerfile
|
|||
|
|
# 指定基础镜像文件
|
|||
|
|
FROM centos:latest
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
# 指定维护者信息
|
|||
|
|
MAINTAINER jackfrued
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
# 执行命令
|
|||
|
|
RUN yum -y install gcc
|
|||
|
|
RUN cd ~
|
|||
|
|
RUN mkdir -p project/code
|
|||
|
|
RUN mkdir -p project/logs
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
# 拷贝文件
|
|||
|
|
COPY ...
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
# 暴露端口
|
|||
|
|
EXPOSE ...
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
# 在容器启动时执行命令
|
|||
|
|
CMD ~/init.sh
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```Shell
|
|||
|
|
docker build -t jackfrued/<image-name> .
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
2. 镜像的导入和导出。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```Shell
|
|||
|
|
docker save -o <file-name>.tar <image-name>:<version>
|
|||
|
|
docker load -i <file-name>.tar
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
3. 推送到DockerHub服务器。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```Shell
|
|||
|
|
docker tag <image-name>:<version> jackfrued/<name>
|
|||
|
|
docker login
|
|||
|
|
docker push jackfrued/<name>
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
4. 容器之间的通信。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```Shell
|
|||
|
|
docker run --link <container-name>:<alias-name>
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
如果我们能够在Docker中完成项目的部署，并且将整个部署好的容器打包成镜像文件进行分发和安装，这样就可以解决项目在多个节点上进行部署时可能遇到的麻烦，而且整个部署可以在很短的时间内完成。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### Supervisor
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
[Supervisor](https://github.com/Supervisor/supervisor)是一个用Python写的进程管理工具，可以很方便的用来在类Unix系统下启动、重启（自动重启程序）和关闭进程。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
1. 安装Supervisor。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```Shell
|
|||
|
|
yum -y install supervisor
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
2. 查看Supervisor的配置文件。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```Shell
|
|||
|
|
vim /etc/supervisord.conf
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```INI
|
|||
|
|
; 此处省略上面的代码
|
|||
|
|
; The [include] section can just contain the "files" setting. This
|
|||
|
|
; setting can list multiple files (separated by whitespace or
|
|||
|
|
; newlines). It can also contain wildcards. The filenames are
|
|||
|
|
; interpreted as relative to this file. Included files *cannot*
|
|||
|
|
; include files themselves.
|
|||
|
|
[include]
|
|||
|
|
files = supervisord.d/*.ini
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
可以看出自定义的管理配置代码可以放在`/etc/supervisord.d`目录中，并且文件名以`ini`作为后缀即可。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
3. 编写管理配置代码。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```Shell
|
|||
|
|
cd /etc/supervisord.d
|
|||
|
|
vim fangtx.ini
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```INI
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
4. 启动Supervisor服务和查看状态。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```Shell
|
|||
|
|
systemctl start supervisord
|
|||
|
|
supervisorctl status
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### 其他服务
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
1. 常用开源软件。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
| 功能 | 开源方案 |
|
|||
|
|
| ------------------- | ------------------------- |
|
|||
|
|
| 版本控制工具 | Git、Mercurial、SVN |
|
|||
|
|
| 缺陷管理 | Redmine、Mantis |
|
|||
|
|
| 负载均衡 | Nginx、LVS、HAProxy |
|
|||
|
|
| 邮件服务 | Postfix、Sendmail |
|
|||
|
|
| HTTP服务 | Nginx、Apache |
|
|||
|
|
| 消息队列 | RabbitMQ、ZeroMQ、Redis |
|
|||
|
|
| 文件系统 | FastDFS |
|
|||
|
|
| 基于位置服务（LBS） | MongoDB、Redis |
|
|||
|
|
| 监控服务 | Nagios、Zabbix |
|
|||
|
|
| 关系型数据库 | MySQL、PostgreSQL |
|
|||
|
|
| 非关系型数据库 | MongoDB、Redis、Cassandra |
|
|||
|
|
| 搜索引擎 | ElasticSearch、Solr |
|
|||
|
|
| 缓存服务 | Mamcached、Redis |
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
2. 常用云服务。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
| 功能 | 可用的云服务 |
|
|||
|
|
| -------------- | --------------------------------------- |
|
|||
|
|
| 团队协作工具 | Teambition、钉钉 |
|
|||
|
|
| 代码托管平台 | Github、Gitee、CODING |
|
|||
|
|
| 邮件服务 | SendCloud |
|
|||
|
|
| 云存储（CDN） | 七牛、OSS、LeanCloud、Bmob、又拍云、AWS |
|
|||
|
|
| 移动端推送 | 极光、友盟、百度 |
|
|||
|
|
| 即时通信 | 环信、融云 |
|
|||
|
|
| 短信服务 | 云片、极光、Luosimao、又拍云 |
|
|||
|
|
| 第三方登录 | 友盟、ShareSDK |
|
|||
|
|
| 网站监控和统计 | 阿里云监控、监控宝、百度云观测、小鸟云 |
|
|||
|
|
|