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{
"cells": [
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 1,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"import numpy as np\n",
"\n",
"import pandas as pd\n",
"\n",
"from pandas import Series,DataFrame"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 3,
"metadata": {
"collapsed": true
},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
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"108 78\n",
"109 93\n",
"Name: Python, Length: 100, dtype: int16"
]
},
"execution_count": 3,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"s = Series(np.random.randint(0,150,size = 100),index = np.arange(10,110),dtype=np.int16,name = 'Python')\n",
"s"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 4,
"metadata": {
"collapsed": true
},
"outputs": [
{
"ename": "KeyError",
"evalue": "0",
"output_type": "error",
"traceback": [
"\u001b[1;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
"\u001b[1;31mKeyError\u001b[0m Traceback (most recent call last)",
"\u001b[1;32m<ipython-input-4-b1a877195018>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[1;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m 1\u001b[0m \u001b[1;31m# 索引操作\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m----> 2\u001b[1;33m \u001b[0ms\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m[\u001b[0m\u001b[1;36m0\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m]\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
"\u001b[1;32md:\\python36\\lib\\site-packages\\pandas\\core\\series.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m__getitem__\u001b[1;34m(self, key)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m 866\u001b[0m \u001b[0mkey\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mcom\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mapply_if_callable\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mkey\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m 867\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mtry\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m--> 868\u001b[1;33m \u001b[0mresult\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mindex\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mget_value\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mkey\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m 869\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m 870\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mif\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mnot\u001b[0m \u001b[0mis_scalar\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mresult\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
"\u001b[1;32md:\\python36\\lib\\site-packages\\pandas\\core\\indexes\\base.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mget_value\u001b[1;34m(self, series, key)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m 4373\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mtry\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m 4374\u001b[0m return self._engine.get_value(s, k,\n\u001b[1;32m-> 4375\u001b[1;33m tz=getattr(series.dtype, 'tz', None))\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m 4376\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mexcept\u001b[0m \u001b[0mKeyError\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mas\u001b[0m \u001b[0me1\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m 4377\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mif\u001b[0m \u001b[0mlen\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m>\u001b[0m \u001b[1;36m0\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mand\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mholds_integer\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mor\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mis_boolean\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
"\u001b[1;32mpandas\\_libs\\index.pyx\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mpandas._libs.index.IndexEngine.get_value\u001b[1;34m()\u001b[0m\n",
"\u001b[1;32mpandas\\_libs\\index.pyx\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mpandas._libs.index.IndexEngine.get_value\u001b[1;34m()\u001b[0m\n",
"\u001b[1;32mpandas\\_libs\\index.pyx\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mpandas._libs.index.IndexEngine.get_loc\u001b[1;34m()\u001b[0m\n",
"\u001b[1;32mpandas\\_libs\\hashtable_class_helper.pxi\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mpandas._libs.hashtable.Int64HashTable.get_item\u001b[1;34m()\u001b[0m\n",
"\u001b[1;32mpandas\\_libs\\hashtable_class_helper.pxi\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mpandas._libs.hashtable.Int64HashTable.get_item\u001b[1;34m()\u001b[0m\n",
"\u001b[1;31mKeyError\u001b[0m: 0"
]
}
],
"source": [
"# 索引操作\n",
"s[0]"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 5,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"34"
]
},
"execution_count": 5,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"s[10]"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 6,
"metadata": {
"collapsed": true
},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"10 34\n",
"20 32\n",
"Name: Python, dtype: int16"
]
},
"execution_count": 6,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"s[[10,20]]"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 7,
"metadata": {
"collapsed": true
},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
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"Name: Python, dtype: int16"
]
},
"execution_count": 7,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"# 切片操作\n",
"s[10:20]"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 8,
"metadata": {
"collapsed": true
},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
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"Name: Python, dtype: int16"
]
},
"execution_count": 8,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"s[::2]"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 9,
"metadata": {
"collapsed": true
},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"109 93\n",
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"Name: Python, dtype: int16"
]
},
"execution_count": 9,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"s[::-2]"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 10,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"34"
]
},
"execution_count": 10,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"# 可以使用pandas为开发者提供方法，去进行检索\n",
"s.loc[10]"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 11,
"metadata": {
"scrolled": true
},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"10 34\n",
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"Name: Python, dtype: int16"
]
},
"execution_count": 11,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"s.loc[[10,20]]"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 12,
"metadata": {
"collapsed": true
},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
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"Name: Python, dtype: int16"
]
},
"execution_count": 12,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"s.loc[10:20]"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 13,
"metadata": {
"collapsed": true
},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
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"Name: Python, dtype: int16"
]
},
"execution_count": 13,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"s.loc[::2]"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 14,
"metadata": {
"collapsed": true
},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"109 93\n",
"107 0\n",
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"11 111\n",
"Name: Python, dtype: int16"
]
},
"execution_count": 14,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"s.loc[::-2]"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 16,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"Int64Index([ 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22,\n",
" 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35,\n",
" 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48,\n",
" 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61,\n",
" 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74,\n",
" 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87,\n",
" 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100,\n",
" 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109],\n",
" dtype='int64')"
]
},
"execution_count": 16,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"s.index"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 15,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"34"
]
},
"execution_count": 15,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"# iloc 索引从0开始，数字化自然索引\n",
"s.iloc[0]"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 17,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"10 34\n",
"20 32\n",
"Name: Python, dtype: int16"
]
},
"execution_count": 17,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"s.iloc[[0,10]]"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 18,
"metadata": {
"collapsed": true
},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
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"Name: Python, dtype: int16"
]
},
"execution_count": 18,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"s.iloc[0:20]"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 20,
"metadata": {
"collapsed": true
},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
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"Name: Python, dtype: int16"
]
},
"execution_count": 20,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"s.iloc[::-2]"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 21,
"metadata": {
"collapsed": true
},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/html": [
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" <th></th>\n",
" <th>Python</th>\n",
" <th>En</th>\n",
" <th>Math</th>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" </thead>\n",
" <tbody>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>A</th>\n",
" <td>103</td>\n",
" <td>56</td>\n",
" <td>98</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>B</th>\n",
" <td>135</td>\n",
" <td>65</td>\n",
" <td>135</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>C</th>\n",
" <td>13</td>\n",
" <td>79</td>\n",
" <td>146</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>D</th>\n",
" <td>47</td>\n",
" <td>24</td>\n",
" <td>145</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>E</th>\n",
" <td>89</td>\n",
" <td>97</td>\n",
" <td>16</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>F</th>\n",
" <td>64</td>\n",
" <td>26</td>\n",
" <td>109</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>H</th>\n",
" <td>48</td>\n",
" <td>46</td>\n",
" <td>111</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>I</th>\n",
" <td>16</td>\n",
" <td>49</td>\n",
" <td>97</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>J</th>\n",
" <td>122</td>\n",
" <td>126</td>\n",
" <td>100</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>K</th>\n",
" <td>60</td>\n",
" <td>136</td>\n",
" <td>62</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" </tbody>\n",
"</table>\n",
"</div>"
],
"text/plain": [
" Python En Math\n",
"A 103 56 98\n",
"B 135 65 135\n",
"C 13 79 146\n",
"D 47 24 145\n",
"E 89 97 16\n",
"F 64 26 109\n",
"H 48 46 111\n",
"I 16 49 97\n",
"J 122 126 100\n",
"K 60 136 62"
]
},
"execution_count": 21,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"# DataFrame是二维，索引大同小异，\n",
"df = DataFrame(data = np.random.randint(0,150,size= (10,3)),index=list('ABCDEFHIJK'),columns=['Python','En','Math'])\n",
"\n",
"df"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 22,
"metadata": {
"collapsed": true
},
"outputs": [
{
"ename": "KeyError",
"evalue": "'A'",
"output_type": "error",
"traceback": [
"\u001b[1;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
"\u001b[1;31mKeyError\u001b[0m Traceback (most recent call last)",
"\u001b[1;32md:\\python36\\lib\\site-packages\\pandas\\core\\indexes\\base.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mget_loc\u001b[1;34m(self, key, method, tolerance)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m 2656\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mtry\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m-> 2657\u001b[1;33m \u001b[1;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_engine\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mget_loc\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mkey\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m 2658\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mexcept\u001b[0m \u001b[0mKeyError\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
"\u001b[1;32mpandas\\_libs\\index.pyx\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mpandas._libs.index.IndexEngine.get_loc\u001b[1;34m()\u001b[0m\n",
"\u001b[1;32mpandas\\_libs\\index.pyx\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mpandas._libs.index.IndexEngine.get_loc\u001b[1;34m()\u001b[0m\n",
"\u001b[1;32mpandas\\_libs\\hashtable_class_helper.pxi\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mpandas._libs.hashtable.PyObjectHashTable.get_item\u001b[1;34m()\u001b[0m\n",
"\u001b[1;32mpandas\\_libs\\hashtable_class_helper.pxi\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mpandas._libs.hashtable.PyObjectHashTable.get_item\u001b[1;34m()\u001b[0m\n",
"\u001b[1;31mKeyError\u001b[0m: 'A'",
"\nDuring handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:\n",
"\u001b[1;31mKeyError\u001b[0m Traceback (most recent call last)",
"\u001b[1;32m<ipython-input-22-c31f9b0c4302>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[1;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m----> 1\u001b[1;33m \u001b[0mdf\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m[\u001b[0m\u001b[1;34m'A'\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m]\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
"\u001b[1;32md:\\python36\\lib\\site-packages\\pandas\\core\\frame.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m__getitem__\u001b[1;34m(self, key)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m 2925\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mif\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mcolumns\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mnlevels\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m>\u001b[0m \u001b[1;36m1\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m 2926\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_getitem_multilevel\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mkey\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m-> 2927\u001b[1;33m \u001b[0mindexer\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mcolumns\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mget_loc\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mkey\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m 2928\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mif\u001b[0m \u001b[0mis_integer\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mindexer\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m 2929\u001b[0m \u001b[0mindexer\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m[\u001b[0m\u001b[0mindexer\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m]\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
"\u001b[1;32md:\\python36\\lib\\site-packages\\pandas\\core\\indexes\\base.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mget_loc\u001b[1;34m(self, key, method, tolerance)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m 2657\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_engine\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mget_loc\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mkey\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m 2658\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mexcept\u001b[0m \u001b[0mKeyError\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m-> 2659\u001b[1;33m \u001b[1;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_engine\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mget_loc\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_maybe_cast_indexer\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mkey\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m 2660\u001b[0m \u001b[0mindexer\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mget_indexer\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m[\u001b[0m\u001b[0mkey\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m]\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mmethod\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m\u001b[0mmethod\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mtolerance\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m\u001b[0mtolerance\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m 2661\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mif\u001b[0m \u001b[0mindexer\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mndim\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m>\u001b[0m \u001b[1;36m1\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mor\u001b[0m \u001b[0mindexer\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0msize\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m>\u001b[0m \u001b[1;36m1\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
"\u001b[1;32mpandas\\_libs\\index.pyx\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mpandas._libs.index.IndexEngine.get_loc\u001b[1;34m()\u001b[0m\n",
"\u001b[1;32mpandas\\_libs\\index.pyx\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mpandas._libs.index.IndexEngine.get_loc\u001b[1;34m()\u001b[0m\n",
"\u001b[1;32mpandas\\_libs\\hashtable_class_helper.pxi\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mpandas._libs.hashtable.PyObjectHashTable.get_item\u001b[1;34m()\u001b[0m\n",
"\u001b[1;32mpandas\\_libs\\hashtable_class_helper.pxi\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mpandas._libs.hashtable.PyObjectHashTable.get_item\u001b[1;34m()\u001b[0m\n",
"\u001b[1;31mKeyError\u001b[0m: 'A'"
]
}
],
"source": [
"df['A']"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 23,
"metadata": {
"collapsed": true
},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"A 103\n",
"B 135\n",
"C 13\n",
"D 47\n",
"E 89\n",
"F 64\n",
"H 48\n",
"I 16\n",
"J 122\n",
"K 60\n",
"Name: Python, dtype: int32"
]
},
"execution_count": 23,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"df['Python']"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 24,
"metadata": {
"collapsed": true
},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/html": [
"<div>\n",
"<style scoped>\n",
" .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
" vertical-align: middle;\n",
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" </tr>\n",
" </thead>\n",
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" <th>A</th>\n",
" <td>103</td>\n",
" <td>56</td>\n",
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" <tr>\n",
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" <td>89</td>\n",
" <td>97</td>\n",
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" <th>F</th>\n",
" <td>64</td>\n",
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" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>H</th>\n",
" <td>48</td>\n",
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" <td>16</td>\n",
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" <tr>\n",
" <th>J</th>\n",
" <td>122</td>\n",
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" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
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" <td>60</td>\n",
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" </tbody>\n",
"</table>\n",
"</div>"
],
"text/plain": [
" Python En\n",
"A 103 56\n",
"B 135 65\n",
"C 13 79\n",
"D 47 24\n",
"E 89 97\n",
"F 64 26\n",
"H 48 46\n",
"I 16 49\n",
"J 122 126\n",
"K 60 136"
]
},
"execution_count": 24,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"df[['Python','En']]"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 25,
"metadata": {
"scrolled": true
},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/html": [
"<div>\n",
"<style scoped>\n",
" .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
" vertical-align: middle;\n",
" }\n",
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" .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
" vertical-align: top;\n",
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"\n",
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" <thead>\n",
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" <th></th>\n",
" <th>Python</th>\n",
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" </tr>\n",
" </thead>\n",
" <tbody>\n",
" </tbody>\n",
"</table>\n",
"</div>"
],
"text/plain": [
"Empty DataFrame\n",
"Columns: [Python, En, Math]\n",
"Index: []"
]
},
"execution_count": 25,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"df['Python':'Math']"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 26,
"metadata": {
"collapsed": true
},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/html": [
"<div>\n",
"<style scoped>\n",
" .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
" vertical-align: middle;\n",
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"\n",
" .dataframe thead th {\n",
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"</style>\n",
"<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
" <thead>\n",
" <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
" <th></th>\n",
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" <th>Math</th>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" </thead>\n",
" <tbody>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>A</th>\n",
" <td>103</td>\n",
" <td>56</td>\n",
" <td>98</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>B</th>\n",
" <td>135</td>\n",
" <td>65</td>\n",
" <td>135</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>C</th>\n",
" <td>13</td>\n",
" <td>79</td>\n",
" <td>146</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>D</th>\n",
" <td>47</td>\n",
" <td>24</td>\n",
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"</table>\n",
"</div>"
],
"text/plain": [
" Python En Math\n",
"A 103 56 98\n",
"B 135 65 135\n",
"C 13 79 146\n",
"D 47 24 145"
]
},
"execution_count": 26,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"df['A':'D']"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 27,
"metadata": {
"collapsed": true
},
"outputs": [
{
"ename": "KeyError",
"evalue": "'Python'",
"output_type": "error",
"traceback": [
"\u001b[1;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
"\u001b[1;31mKeyError\u001b[0m Traceback (most recent call last)",
"\u001b[1;32md:\\python36\\lib\\site-packages\\pandas\\core\\indexes\\base.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mget_loc\u001b[1;34m(self, key, method, tolerance)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m 2656\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mtry\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m-> 2657\u001b[1;33m \u001b[1;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_engine\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mget_loc\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mkey\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m 2658\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mexcept\u001b[0m \u001b[0mKeyError\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
"\u001b[1;32mpandas\\_libs\\index.pyx\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mpandas._libs.index.IndexEngine.get_loc\u001b[1;34m()\u001b[0m\n",
"\u001b[1;32mpandas\\_libs\\index.pyx\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mpandas._libs.index.IndexEngine.get_loc\u001b[1;34m()\u001b[0m\n",
"\u001b[1;32mpandas\\_libs\\hashtable_class_helper.pxi\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mpandas._libs.hashtable.PyObjectHashTable.get_item\u001b[1;34m()\u001b[0m\n",
"\u001b[1;32mpandas\\_libs\\hashtable_class_helper.pxi\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mpandas._libs.hashtable.PyObjectHashTable.get_item\u001b[1;34m()\u001b[0m\n",
"\u001b[1;31mKeyError\u001b[0m: 'Python'",
"\nDuring handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:\n",
"\u001b[1;31mKeyError\u001b[0m Traceback (most recent call last)",
"\u001b[1;32m<ipython-input-27-8027bd5615fd>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[1;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m----> 1\u001b[1;33m \u001b[0mdf\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mloc\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m[\u001b[0m\u001b[1;34m'Python'\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m]\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
"\u001b[1;32md:\\python36\\lib\\site-packages\\pandas\\core\\indexing.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m__getitem__\u001b[1;34m(self, key)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m 1498\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m 1499\u001b[0m \u001b[0mmaybe_callable\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mcom\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mapply_if_callable\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mkey\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mobj\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m-> 1500\u001b[1;33m \u001b[1;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_getitem_axis\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mmaybe_callable\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0maxis\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m\u001b[0maxis\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m 1501\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m 1502\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mdef\u001b[0m \u001b[0m_is_scalar_access\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mkey\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
"\u001b[1;32md:\\python36\\lib\\site-packages\\pandas\\core\\indexing.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m_getitem_axis\u001b[1;34m(self, key, axis)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m 1911\u001b[0m \u001b[1;31m# fall thru to straight lookup\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m 1912\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_validate_key\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mkey\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0maxis\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m-> 1913\u001b[1;33m \u001b[1;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_get_label\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mkey\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0maxis\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m\u001b[0maxis\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m 1914\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m 1915\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
"\u001b[1;32md:\\python36\\lib\\site-packages\\pandas\\core\\indexing.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m_get_label\u001b[1;34m(self, label, axis)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m 139\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mraise\u001b[0m \u001b[0mIndexingError\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;34m'no slices here, handle elsewhere'\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m 140\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m--> 141\u001b[1;33m \u001b[1;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mobj\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_xs\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mlabel\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0maxis\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m\u001b[0maxis\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m 142\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m 143\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mdef\u001b[0m \u001b[0m_get_loc\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mkey\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0maxis\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32mNone\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
"\u001b[1;32md:\\python36\\lib\\site-packages\\pandas\\core\\generic.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mxs\u001b[1;34m(self, key, axis, level, drop_level)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m 3583\u001b[0m drop_level=drop_level)\n\u001b[0;32m 3584\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32melse\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m-> 3585\u001b[1;33m \u001b[0mloc\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mindex\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mget_loc\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mkey\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m 3586\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m 3587\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mif\u001b[0m \u001b[0misinstance\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mloc\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mnp\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mndarray\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
"\u001b[1;32md:\\python36\\lib\\site-packages\\pandas\\core\\indexes\\base.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mget_loc\u001b[1;34m(self, key, method, tolerance)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m 2657\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_engine\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mget_loc\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mkey\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m 2658\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mexcept\u001b[0m \u001b[0mKeyError\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m-> 2659\u001b[1;33m \u001b[1;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_engine\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mget_loc\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_maybe_cast_indexer\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mkey\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m 2660\u001b[0m \u001b[0mindexer\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mget_indexer\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m[\u001b[0m\u001b[0mkey\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m]\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mmethod\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m\u001b[0mmethod\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mtolerance\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m\u001b[0mtolerance\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m 2661\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mif\u001b[0m \u001b[0mindexer\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mndim\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m>\u001b[0m \u001b[1;36m1\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mor\u001b[0m \u001b[0mindexer\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0msize\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m>\u001b[0m \u001b[1;36m1\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
"\u001b[1;32mpandas\\_libs\\index.pyx\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mpandas._libs.index.IndexEngine.get_loc\u001b[1;34m()\u001b[0m\n",
"\u001b[1;32mpandas\\_libs\\index.pyx\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mpandas._libs.index.IndexEngine.get_loc\u001b[1;34m()\u001b[0m\n",
"\u001b[1;32mpandas\\_libs\\hashtable_class_helper.pxi\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mpandas._libs.hashtable.PyObjectHashTable.get_item\u001b[1;34m()\u001b[0m\n",
"\u001b[1;32mpandas\\_libs\\hashtable_class_helper.pxi\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mpandas._libs.hashtable.PyObjectHashTable.get_item\u001b[1;34m()\u001b[0m\n",
"\u001b[1;31mKeyError\u001b[0m: 'Python'"
]
}
],
"source": [
"df.loc['Python']"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 28,
"metadata": {
"scrolled": true
},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"Python 103\n",
"En 56\n",
"Math 98\n",
"Name: A, dtype: int32"
]
},
"execution_count": 28,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"df.loc['A']"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 29,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
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"df.loc[['A','H']]"
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"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
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" Python En Math\n",
"A 103 56 98\n",
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"metadata": {},
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}
],
"source": [
"df.loc['A':'E']"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 31,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
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"metadata": {},
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],
"source": [
"df.loc[::2]"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 32,
"metadata": {
"collapsed": true
},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
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"execution_count": 32,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"df.loc[::-2]"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 33,
"metadata": {
"collapsed": true
},
"outputs": [
{
"ename": "TypeError",
"evalue": "Cannot index by location index with a non-integer key",
"output_type": "error",
"traceback": [
"\u001b[1;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
"\u001b[1;31mTypeError\u001b[0m Traceback (most recent call last)",
"\u001b[1;32m<ipython-input-33-3cf21a555a1f>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[1;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m----> 1\u001b[1;33m \u001b[0mdf\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0miloc\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m[\u001b[0m\u001b[1;34m'A'\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m]\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
"\u001b[1;32md:\\python36\\lib\\site-packages\\pandas\\core\\indexing.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m__getitem__\u001b[1;34m(self, key)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m 1498\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m 1499\u001b[0m \u001b[0mmaybe_callable\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mcom\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mapply_if_callable\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mkey\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mobj\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m-> 1500\u001b[1;33m \u001b[1;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_getitem_axis\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mmaybe_callable\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0maxis\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m\u001b[0maxis\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m 1501\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m 1502\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mdef\u001b[0m \u001b[0m_is_scalar_access\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mkey\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
"\u001b[1;32md:\\python36\\lib\\site-packages\\pandas\\core\\indexing.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m_getitem_axis\u001b[1;34m(self, key, axis)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m 2224\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32melse\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m 2225\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mif\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mnot\u001b[0m \u001b[0mis_integer\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mkey\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m-> 2226\u001b[1;33m raise TypeError(\"Cannot index by location index with a \"\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m 2227\u001b[0m \"non-integer key\")\n\u001b[0;32m 2228\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
"\u001b[1;31mTypeError\u001b[0m: Cannot index by location index with a non-integer key"
]
}
],
"source": [
"df.iloc['A']"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 34,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"Python 103\n",
"En 56\n",
"Math 98\n",
"Name: A, dtype: int32"
]
},
"execution_count": 34,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"df.iloc[0]"
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{
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{
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{
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{
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}
],
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