//===- MaximizeValueSemantics.cpp --------------------------------*- C++-*-===//
//
// This file is licensed under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
// Also available under a BSD-style license. See LICENSE.
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

#include "PassDetail.h"

#include "mlir/Dialect/Func/IR/FuncOps.h"
#include "mlir/IR/Builders.h"
#include "mlir/IR/BuiltinOps.h"
#include "mlir/IR/PatternMatch.h"
#include "mlir/Transforms/GreedyPatternRewriteDriver.h"
#include "torch-mlir/Dialect/Torch/IR/TorchOps.h"
#include "torch-mlir/Dialect/Torch/Transforms/Passes.h"
#include "torch-mlir/Dialect/Torch/Utils/Utils.h"

using namespace mlir;
using namespace mlir::torch;
using namespace mlir::torch::Torch;

static Value assertNonValueTensor(Value tensor) {
  assert(isa<NonValueTensorType>(tensor.getType()) &&
         "tensor is expected to be a non-value tensor");
  return tensor;
}

// A cast-like op is an op that does not modify the contents, shape, and dtype
// of the input tensor. In other words, it is an op that only serves to encode
// compile time information, but at runtime the op behaves like a no-op.
static bool isCastLikeOp(Operation *op) {
  return isa<TensorStaticInfoCastOp>(op);
}

// Given a `value`, this function goes up the use-def chain and finds the
// largest sequence of consecutive cast-like ops. The returned set contains all
// the aliases that are identical to `value`, and have only been transformed by
// cast-like ops.
static DenseSet<Value> getCastLikeAliasesOf(Value value) {
  Operation *currentOp = value.getDefiningOp();
  DenseSet<Value> result;
  while (isCastLikeOp(currentOp)) {
    Value operand = assertNonValueTensor(currentOp->getOperand(0));
    result.insert(operand);
    currentOp = operand.getDefiningOp();
  }
  return result;
}

namespace {
class AbstractlyInterpretCopyToNonValueTensorOpUsersWithinABlock
    : public OpRewritePattern<CopyToNonValueTensorOp> {
public:
  using OpRewritePattern::OpRewritePattern;

  // Used to represent all of the interpreted ops that have at least
  // one non-value tensor as input or output.
  struct InterpretedOps {
    SmallVector<Operation *> copyLikeOps;
    SmallVector<Operation *> viewLikeOps;
    SmallVector<OverwriteTensorContentsOp> overwriteTensorContentsOps;
    std::optional<mlir::func::ReturnOp> returnOp;
  };

  // Check that graph rewriting is possible by doing an abstract
  // interpretation within a single basic block. If rewriting is
  // possible, the interpreted ops are returned split into their
  // respective categories.
  static FailureOr<InterpretedOps> abstractlyInterpretSlice(
      CopyToNonValueTensorOp copyToNonValueTensor,
      const DenseMap<Operation *, SmallVector<Value>> &nonValueTensorsUsedByOp,
      PatternRewriter &rewriter) {
    // Sort by order in the block, so we can abstractly interpret the ops.
    SmallVector<Operation *> nonValueTensorUsers(
        llvm::make_first_range(nonValueTensorsUsedByOp));
    llvm::sort(nonValueTensorUsers, [](Operation *lhs, Operation *rhs) {
      return lhs->isBeforeInBlock(rhs);
    });

    // We track the available aliases at each point as well as split the
    // users into view-like, copy-to-value, and overwrite ops as we walk
    // forward.
    InterpretedOps result;
    result.copyLikeOps.push_back(copyToNonValueTensor);
    DenseSet<Value> availableAliases{
        assertNonValueTensor(copyToNonValueTensor.getResult())};
    for (Operation *user : nonValueTensorUsers) {
      for (Value operand : nonValueTensorsUsedByOp.lookup(user)) {
        if (!availableAliases.contains(operand)) {
          return rewriter.notifyMatchFailure(
              copyToNonValueTensor,
              "operand of op is not a valid tensor alias");
        }
      }
      if (isViewLikeOp(user)) {
        Value userResult = user->getResult(0);
        // View-like ops produce a new alias available to later ops.
        // However, if the view-like op has been partially converted
        // to use value semantics (which happens for example with ops
        // that take two aliases as input), then it is possible that the
        // op no longer generates an alias.
        if (isa<NonValueTensorType>(userResult.getType()))
          availableAliases.insert(userResult);
        result.viewLikeOps.push_back(user);
      } else if (auto copyToValueTensor = dyn_cast<CopyToValueTensorOp>(user)) {
        result.copyLikeOps.push_back(copyToValueTensor);
      } else if (auto overwrite = dyn_cast<OverwriteTensorContentsOp>(user)) {
        // To simplify the analysis, we only support the case where the
        // only aliases used after an overwrite are the aliases generated
        // after plus the alias being overwritten and any aliases that are
        // simply a cast of the overwritten alias.
        availableAliases.clear();
        Value overwritten = overwrite.getOverwritten();
        availableAliases.insert(assertNonValueTensor(overwritten));
        DenseSet<Value> castLikeAliases = getCastLikeAliasesOf(overwritten);
        availableAliases.insert(castLikeAliases.begin(), castLikeAliases.end());
        result.overwriteTensorContentsOps.push_back(overwrite);
      } else if (auto returnOp = dyn_cast<mlir::func::ReturnOp>(user)) {
        result.returnOp = returnOp;
      } else {
        return rewriter.notifyMatchFailure(
            copyToNonValueTensor, "unsupported op `" +
                                      user->getName().getStringRef() +
                                      "` encountered during abstract analysis");
      }
    }
    return result;
  }

  // Rewrite slice composed of the interpreted ops so that the slice uses
  // value semantics everywhere.
  static void rewriteSlice(const InterpretedOps &ops,
                           PatternRewriter &rewriter) {

    DenseMap<int, Type> originalReturnTypes;
    if (ops.returnOp.has_value()) {
      auto returnOp = ops.returnOp.value();
      for (auto operand : llvm::enumerate(returnOp->getOperands())) {
        auto type = operand.value().getType();
        if (!isa<NonValueTensorType>(type))
          continue;
        originalReturnTypes[operand.index()] = type;
      }
    }
    // The rewriting for the overwrite op involves replacing all uses of its
    // non-value tensor operand with its value tensor operand. Since the
    // rewriting of other ops can potentially change the non-value tensor
    // operand to a value tensor, this rewriting MUST happen first to avoid
    // wrongly replacing operands that were previously not a view of the
    // overwritten tensor.
    for (OverwriteTensorContentsOp overwrite :
         llvm::reverse(ops.overwriteTensorContentsOps)) {
      Value overwritten = assertNonValueTensor(overwrite.getOverwritten());
      // Cast-like aliases represent the exact same tensor at runtime as the
      // overwritten alias, since casts only encode compile time information.
      // Therefore, here we replace the overwritten value and any cast-like
      // aliases of it with the overwrite value.
      DenseSet<Value> overwrittenAliases = getCastLikeAliasesOf(overwritten);
      overwrittenAliases.insert(overwritten);

      for (Value alias : overwrittenAliases) {
        alias.replaceUsesWithIf(
            overwrite.getValue(), [&](const OpOperand &operand) {
              return !operand.getOwner()->isBeforeInBlock(overwrite);
            });
      }
      rewriter.eraseOp(overwrite);
    }

    for (Operation *copyLikeOp : ops.copyLikeOps)
      rewriter.replaceOp(copyLikeOp, copyLikeOp->getOperand(0));

    // Replace return type of view-like ops with value-semantics type variant.
    for (Operation *viewLikeOp : ops.viewLikeOps) {
      rewriter.modifyOpInPlace(viewLikeOp, [&] {
        Value result = viewLikeOp->getResult(0);
        auto resultType = dyn_cast<NonValueTensorType>(result.getType());
        if (resultType)
          result.setType(resultType.getWithValueSemantics());
      });
    }
    if (ops.returnOp.has_value()) {
      auto returnOp = ops.returnOp.value();
      for (int i = 0, e = returnOp->getNumOperands(); i < e; i++) {
        OpOperand &operand = returnOp->getOpOperand(i);
        auto it = originalReturnTypes.find(i);
        if (it == originalReturnTypes.end())
          continue;
        auto originalType = it->second.cast<NonValueTensorType>();
        rewriter.setInsertionPoint(returnOp);
        Value newReturnValue = copyTensorToType(rewriter, returnOp->getLoc(),
                                                originalType, operand.get());
        operand.set(newReturnValue);
      }
    }
  }

  LogicalResult matchAndRewrite(CopyToNonValueTensorOp copy,
                                PatternRewriter &rewriter) const override {
    // Find a subgraph starting with this CopyToNonValueTensorOp, and
    // terminating at CopyToValueTensorOp's, possibly with intervening view-like
    // ops and overwrites. This also catches the special case of a
    // CopyToNonValueTensorOp that trivially feeds into CopyToValueTensorOp's.
    DenseMap<Operation *, SmallVector<Value>> nonValueTensorsUsedByOp;

    // Some view-like ops take more than one non-value tensor as input (such as
    // `aten.view_as`). For these ops, we assume that the tensor view that gets
    // returned by the op is a view of the first operand of the op.

    // View-like ops that return a non-value tensor and have a view of the
    // operand of `copy.to_tensor` as the first operand.
    DenseSet<Operation *> validViewLikeOps;
    // View-like ops that return a non-value tensor and have a view of the
    // operand of `copy.to_tensor` as an operand other than the first operand.
    DenseSet<Operation *> viewLikeOpsToCheck;

    using OpOperandRefs = SmallVector<std::reference_wrapper<OpOperand>>;
    OpOperandRefs workList(copy.getResult().getUses());
    while (!workList.empty()) {
      OpOperand &operand = workList.pop_back_val();
      Operation *op = operand.getOwner();
      if (op->getBlock() != copy->getBlock()) {
        return rewriter.notifyMatchFailure(
            copy, "can only analyze within a single basic block");
      }

      if (isViewLikeOp(op)) {
        // We currently only support view-like ops with one tensor output.
        if (op->getNumResults() != 1 ||
            !isa<BaseTensorType>(op->getResult(0).getType())) {
          return rewriter.notifyMatchFailure(
              copy, "unsupported: view-like ops must have one tensor output, "
                    "and the tensor output must be the first result");
        }

        Value opResult = op->getResult(0);
        // There are cases where a view-like op will be partially converted to
        // value semantics, resulting in at least one of the inputs being a
        // non-value tensor and the output being a value tensor. If this is the
        // case then there is no need to look at the users of the result of the
        // op.
        if (isa<NonValueTensorType>(opResult.getType())) {
          if (operand.getOperandNumber() == 0) {
            validViewLikeOps.insert(op);
            llvm::append_range(workList, opResult.getUses());
          } else {
            viewLikeOpsToCheck.insert(op);
          }
        }
      }

      nonValueTensorsUsedByOp[op].push_back(
          assertNonValueTensor(operand.get()));
    }

    // Nothing to do if there is just a ReturnOp -- we know that we won't be
    // rewriting anything, since we must preserve the ReturnOp's original type.
    if (llvm::hasSingleElement(nonValueTensorsUsedByOp) &&
        isa<mlir::func::ReturnOp>(nonValueTensorsUsedByOp.begin()->first)) {
      return failure();
    }

    if (llvm::any_of(viewLikeOpsToCheck, [&](Operation *op) {
          return !validViewLikeOps.contains(op);
        })) {
      return rewriter.notifyMatchFailure(
          copy, "if a view-like op returns a non-value tensor, the first "
                "operand must be a view of the operand of the `copy.to_tensor` "
                "op");
    }

    FailureOr<InterpretedOps> interpretedOps =
        abstractlyInterpretSlice(copy, nonValueTensorsUsedByOp, rewriter);
    if (failed(LogicalResult(interpretedOps)))
      return failure();
    rewriteSlice(*interpretedOps, rewriter);
    return success();
  }
};
} // namespace

namespace {
// Calculate a forward slice starting from a CopyToNonValueTensorOp
// and ending at CopyToValueTensorOp's. If all intervening ops
// are just view-like operations (i.e. no mutation), then we can trivially
// convert them all to value semantics.
// This pattern handles the case where views span multiple basic blocks,
// which is currently not supported by
// `AbstractlyInterpretCopyToNonValueTensorOpUsersWithinABlock`.
class RewriteViewLikeSubgraph
    : public OpRewritePattern<CopyToNonValueTensorOp> {
public:
  using OpRewritePattern::OpRewritePattern;
  LogicalResult matchAndRewrite(CopyToNonValueTensorOp copy,
                                PatternRewriter &rewriter) const override {
    // Find a subgraph starting with this CopyToNonValueTensorOp, and
    // terminating at CopyToValueTensorOp's or ReturnOp's, possibly with
    // intervening view-like ops.
    // This also catches the special case of a CopyToNonValueTensorOp that
    // trivially feeds into CopyToValueTensorOp's.
    SmallVector<Operation *> viewLikeOps;
    SmallVector<CopyToValueTensorOp> copyToValueTensorOps;
    SmallVector<mlir::func::ReturnOp> returnOps;
    auto workList = llvm::to_vector<6>(copy.getResult().getUsers());
    // We currently only support view-like ops with one tensor input and one
    // tensor output, meaning that the tensor use-def chains form a tree.
    // This will not be the case for an op like `torch.aten.view_as`, so
    // we will need to add a set to prune duplicate visitation.
    while (!workList.empty()) {
      Operation *op = workList.pop_back_val();
      if (auto copyToValueTensor = dyn_cast<CopyToValueTensorOp>(op)) {
        copyToValueTensorOps.push_back(copyToValueTensor);
      } else if (auto returnOp = dyn_cast<mlir::func::ReturnOp>(op)) {
        returnOps.push_back(returnOp);
      } else if (isViewLikeOp(op)) {
        viewLikeOps.push_back(op);
        llvm::append_range(workList, op->getResult(0).getUsers());
      } else {
        return rewriter.notifyMatchFailure(
            copy, "can only handle these transitive user ops");
      }
    }

    if (copyToValueTensorOps.empty() && viewLikeOps.empty())
      return rewriter.notifyMatchFailure(copy, "no types to change");

    // All CopyToValueTensorOp operands will be changed to the correct type
    // by the logic below.
    for (CopyToValueTensorOp op : copyToValueTensorOps)
      rewriter.replaceOp(op, op.getOperand());
    // All uses of `copy` will be updated by the logic below.
    copy.replaceAllUsesWith(copy.getOperand());
    // Keep track of the original types of any view-like ops, so that we can
    // correctly copy them back to their mlir::func::ReturnOp's expected types.
    DenseMap<Value, Type> originalTypes;
    for (Operation *op : viewLikeOps) {
      rewriter.modifyOpInPlace(op, [&]() {
        if (auto nonValueTensorType =
                dyn_cast<NonValueTensorType>(op->getResult(0).getType())) {
          originalTypes[op->getResult(0)] = nonValueTensorType;
          op->getResult(0).setType(nonValueTensorType.getWithValueSemantics());
        }
      });
    }
    // For ReturnOp's, we need to update the operands to their original types.
    for (mlir::func::ReturnOp op : returnOps) {
      for (int i = 0, e = op->getNumOperands(); i < e; i++) {
        OpOperand &operand = op->getOpOperand(i);
        auto it = originalTypes.find(operand.get());
        if (it == originalTypes.end())
          continue;
        auto originalType = it->second.cast<BaseTensorType>();
        rewriter.setInsertionPoint(op);
        Value newReturnValue = copyTensorToType(rewriter, op->getLoc(),
                                                originalType, operand.get());
        operand.set(newReturnValue);
      }
    }
    return success();
  }
};
} // namespace

namespace {
class MaximizeValueSemanticsPass
    : public MaximizeValueSemanticsBase<MaximizeValueSemanticsPass> {
  void runOnOperation() override {
    MLIRContext *context = &getContext();
    auto func = getOperation();

    RewritePatternSet patterns(context);
    patterns.insert<AbstractlyInterpretCopyToNonValueTensorOpUsersWithinABlock,
                    RewriteViewLikeSubgraph>(context);
    (void)applyPatternsAndFoldGreedily(func, std::move(patterns));
  }
};

} // namespace

std::unique_ptr<OperationPass<func::FuncOp>>
mlir::torch::Torch::createMaximizeValueSemanticsPass() {
  return std::make_unique<MaximizeValueSemanticsPass>();
}