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torch-mlir/lib/RefBackend/LowerToLLVM.cpp

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//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
//
// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
#include "PassDetail.h"
#include "npcomp/RefBackend/RefBackend.h"
#include "mlir/Conversion/StandardToLLVM/ConvertStandardToLLVM.h"
#include "mlir/Conversion/StandardToLLVM/ConvertStandardToLLVMPass.h"
#include "mlir/Dialect/LLVMIR/LLVMDialect.h"
#include "mlir/Dialect/StandardOps/Transforms/Passes.h"
#include "mlir/Transforms/DialectConversion.h"
#include "npcomp/Dialect/Refbackrt/IR/RefbackrtDialect.h"
#include "npcomp/Dialect/Refbackrt/IR/RefbackrtOps.h"
using namespace mlir;
using namespace mlir::NPCOMP;
using mlir::LLVM::LLVMArrayType;
using mlir::LLVM::LLVMFuncOp;
using mlir::LLVM::LLVMFunctionType;
using mlir::LLVM::LLVMPointerType;
using mlir::LLVM::LLVMStructType;
using mlir::LLVM::LLVMVoidType;
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// Descriptor types shared with the runtime.
//
// These correspond to the types in CompilerDataStructures.h
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
static LLVMPointerType getInt8PointerType(MLIRContext *context) {
return LLVMPointerType::get(IntegerType::get(context, 8));
}
// Get the LLVM type for refbackrt::FuncDescriptor.
static LLVMStructType getFuncDescriptorTy(MLIRContext *context) {
return LLVMStructType::getLiteral(context,
{
// Name length.
IntegerType::get(context, 32),
// Name chars.
getInt8PointerType(context),
// Type-erased function pointer.
getInt8PointerType(context),
// Number of inputs.
IntegerType::get(context, 32),
// Number of outputs.
IntegerType::get(context, 32),
});
}
// Get the LLVM type for refbackrt::ModuleDescriptor.
static LLVMStructType getModuleDescriptorTy(MLIRContext *context) {
return LLVMStructType::getLiteral(
context, {
// std::int32_t numFuncDescriptors;
IntegerType::get(context, 32),
// FuncDescriptor *functionDescriptors;
LLVMPointerType::get(getFuncDescriptorTy(context)),
});
}
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// Compiler runtime functions.
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
namespace {
template <typename T>
class TrivialCompilerRuntimeLowering : public OpConversionPattern<T> {
public:
TrivialCompilerRuntimeLowering(LLVM::LLVMFuncOp backingFunc)
: OpConversionPattern<T>(backingFunc.getContext()),
backingFunc(backingFunc) {}
LogicalResult
matchAndRewrite(T op, ArrayRef<Value> operands,
ConversionPatternRewriter &rewriter) const override {
rewriter.replaceOpWithNewOp<LLVM::CallOp>(op, backingFunc, operands);
return success();
}
LLVM::LLVMFuncOp backingFunc;
};
} // namespace
static LLVM::GlobalOp createGlobalString(ModuleOp module, StringAttr msg,
OpBuilder &builder, Location loc) {
// TODO: Deduplicate strings.
std::string msgNulTerminated = msg.getValue().str();
msgNulTerminated.push_back('\0');
auto arrayTy = LLVMArrayType::get(
IntegerType::get(module.getContext(), 8), msgNulTerminated.size());
OpBuilder::InsertionGuard guard(builder);
builder.setInsertionPointToStart(module.getBody());
// To get a unique symbol name, use a suffix derived from the current number
// of ops in the module.
// We can't use the SymbolTable's logic for this because the module
// transiently contains a `func` and `llvm.func` with the same name during
// conversion, preventing us from instantiating a SymbolTable.
std::string symbolName =
(Twine("__npcomp_string_") +
Twine(llvm::size(llvm::to_vector<6>(module.getOps<LLVM::GlobalOp>()))))
.str();
auto globalOp = builder.create<LLVM::GlobalOp>(
loc, arrayTy, /*isConstant=*/true, LLVM::Linkage::Internal, symbolName,
builder.getStringAttr(msgNulTerminated));
return globalOp;
}
namespace {
class AbortIfOpCompilerRuntimeLowering
: public OpConversionPattern<refbackrt::AbortIfOp> {
public:
AbortIfOpCompilerRuntimeLowering(LLVM::LLVMFuncOp backingFunc)
: OpConversionPattern<refbackrt::AbortIfOp>(backingFunc.getContext()),
backingFunc(backingFunc) {}
LogicalResult
matchAndRewrite(refbackrt::AbortIfOp op, ArrayRef<Value> operands,
ConversionPatternRewriter &rewriter) const override {
refbackrt::AbortIfOp::Adaptor adaptor(operands);
auto *context = op.getContext();
// Create the global string, take its address, and gep to get an `i8*`.
auto globalOp = createGlobalString(op->getParentOfType<ModuleOp>(),
op.msgAttr(), rewriter, op.getLoc());
auto msgArray = rewriter.create<LLVM::AddressOfOp>(op.getLoc(), globalOp);
auto c0 = rewriter.create<LLVM::ConstantOp>(
op.getLoc(), IntegerType::get(context, 32),
rewriter.getI32IntegerAttr(0));
auto msg =
rewriter.create<LLVM::GEPOp>(op.getLoc(), getInt8PointerType(context),
msgArray, ValueRange({c0, c0}));
rewriter.replaceOpWithNewOp<LLVM::CallOp>(
op, backingFunc, ValueRange({adaptor.pred(), msg}));
return success();
}
LLVM::LLVMFuncOp backingFunc;
};
} // namespace
// Create the LLVM runtime function backing the refbackrt op with name `name`
// and requiring `type`.
static LLVMFuncOp createCompilerRuntimeFuncDecl(StringRef name, Type type,
OpBuilder &builder,
Location loc) {
assert(type.isa<LLVMFunctionType>());
std::string symbolName = (Twine("__npcomp_compiler_rt_") + name).str();
return builder.create<LLVM::LLVMFuncOp>(loc, symbolName, type,
LLVM::Linkage::External);
}
static void populateCompilerRuntimePatterns(ModuleOp module,
OwningRewritePatternList &patterns,
LLVMTypeConverter &typeConverter) {
auto *context = module.getContext();
OpBuilder builder(module.getBodyRegion());
{
auto abortIfFuncTy = LLVMFunctionType::get(
LLVMVoidType::get(context),
{IntegerType::get(context, 1), getInt8PointerType(context)},
/*isVarArg=*/false);
LLVMFuncOp abortIfFunc = createCompilerRuntimeFuncDecl(
"abort_if", abortIfFuncTy, builder, module.getLoc());
patterns.insert<AbortIfOpCompilerRuntimeLowering>(abortIfFunc);
}
}
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// Lowering for module metadata
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
static LLVM::GlobalOp
createFuncDescriptorArray(ArrayRef<refbackrt::FuncMetadataOp> funcMetadatas,
OpBuilder &builder, Location loc) {
auto llvmI32Ty = IntegerType::get(builder.getContext(), 32);
DenseMap<StringRef, LLVM::GlobalOp> globalsByName;
for (auto funcMetadata : funcMetadatas) {
auto arrayTy =
LLVMArrayType::get(IntegerType::get(builder.getContext(), 8),
funcMetadata.funcName().size());
std::string llvmSymbolName =
(Twine("__npcomp_internal_constant_") + funcMetadata.funcName()).str();
auto global = builder.create<LLVM::GlobalOp>(
loc, arrayTy, /*isConstant=*/true, LLVM::Linkage::Internal,
llvmSymbolName, builder.getStringAttr(funcMetadata.funcName()));
globalsByName[funcMetadata.funcName()] = global;
}
// This must match FuncDescriptor in the runtime.
auto funcDescriptorTy = getFuncDescriptorTy(builder.getContext());
auto funcDescriptorArrayTy =
LLVMArrayType::get(funcDescriptorTy, funcMetadatas.size());
auto funcDescriptorArrayGlobal = builder.create<LLVM::GlobalOp>(
loc, funcDescriptorArrayTy, /*isConstant=*/true, LLVM::Linkage::Internal,
"__npcomp_func_descriptors",
/*value=*/Attribute());
OpBuilder::InsertionGuard guard(builder);
builder.createBlock(&funcDescriptorArrayGlobal.initializer());
// Build the initializer.
Value funcDescriptorArray =
builder.create<LLVM::UndefOp>(loc, funcDescriptorArrayTy);
auto updateDescriptor = [&](Value value,
std::initializer_list<int32_t> position) {
funcDescriptorArray = builder.create<LLVM::InsertValueOp>(
loc, funcDescriptorArray, value,
/*position=*/builder.getI32ArrayAttr(position));
};
auto updateDescriptorWithI32Attr =
[&](Attribute attr, std::initializer_list<int32_t> position) {
auto constant = builder.create<LLVM::ConstantOp>(loc, llvmI32Ty, attr);
updateDescriptor(constant, position);
};
auto c0 = builder.create<LLVM::ConstantOp>(loc, llvmI32Ty,
builder.getI32IntegerAttr(0));
for (auto funcMetadataAndIndex : llvm::enumerate(funcMetadatas)) {
auto funcMetadata = funcMetadataAndIndex.value();
int32_t index = funcMetadataAndIndex.index();
// Name length.
updateDescriptorWithI32Attr(
builder.getI32IntegerAttr(funcMetadata.funcName().size()), {index, 0});
// Name chars.
auto funcNameArray = builder.create<LLVM::AddressOfOp>(
loc, globalsByName[funcMetadata.funcName()]);
auto funcNamePtr = builder.create<LLVM::GEPOp>(
loc, getInt8PointerType(builder.getContext()), funcNameArray,
ValueRange({c0, c0}));
updateDescriptor(funcNamePtr, {index, 1});
// Function pointer.
//
// We create this reference to the original function (and use a dummy i8*
// type). We will fix this up after conversion to point at wrapper
// functions that satisfy the ABI requirements.
// The bitcast is required so that after conversion the inserted value is an
// i8* as expected by the descriptor struct.
auto funcAddress = builder.create<LLVM::AddressOfOp>(
loc, getInt8PointerType(builder.getContext()), funcMetadata.funcName());
auto typeErasedFuncAddress = builder.create<LLVM::BitcastOp>(
loc, getInt8PointerType(builder.getContext()), funcAddress);
updateDescriptor(typeErasedFuncAddress, {index, 2});
// Number of inputs.
updateDescriptorWithI32Attr(funcMetadata.numInputsAttr(), {index, 3});
// Number of outputs.
updateDescriptorWithI32Attr(funcMetadata.numOutputsAttr(), {index, 4});
}
builder.create<LLVM::ReturnOp>(loc, funcDescriptorArray);
return funcDescriptorArrayGlobal;
}
LLVM::GlobalOp createModuleDescriptor(LLVM::GlobalOp funcDescriptorArray,
OpBuilder &builder, Location loc) {
auto llvmI32Ty = IntegerType::get(builder.getContext(), 32);
auto moduleDescriptorTy = getModuleDescriptorTy(builder.getContext());
// TODO: Ideally this symbol name would somehow be related to the module
// name, if we could consistently assume we had one.
// TODO: We prepend _mlir so that mlir::ExecutionEngine's lookup logic (which
// is typically only mean for function pointers) will find this raw symbol.
auto moduleDescriptorGlobal = builder.create<LLVM::GlobalOp>(
loc, moduleDescriptorTy, /*isConstant=*/true, LLVM::Linkage::External,
"_mlir___npcomp_module_descriptor",
/*value=*/Attribute());
OpBuilder::InsertionGuard guard(builder);
builder.createBlock(&moduleDescriptorGlobal.initializer());
Value moduleDescriptor =
builder.create<LLVM::UndefOp>(loc, moduleDescriptorTy);
auto updateDescriptor = [&](Value value,
std::initializer_list<int32_t> position) {
moduleDescriptor = builder.create<LLVM::InsertValueOp>(
loc, moduleDescriptor, value,
/*position=*/builder.getI32ArrayAttr(position));
};
updateDescriptor(builder.create<LLVM::ConstantOp>(
loc, llvmI32Ty,
builder.getI32IntegerAttr(funcDescriptorArray.getType()
.cast<LLVMArrayType>()
.getNumElements())),
{0});
auto funcDecriptorArrayAddress =
builder.create<LLVM::AddressOfOp>(loc, funcDescriptorArray);
auto rawFuncDescriptorPtr = builder.create<LLVM::BitcastOp>(
loc, LLVMPointerType::get(getFuncDescriptorTy(builder.getContext())),
funcDecriptorArrayAddress);
updateDescriptor(rawFuncDescriptorPtr, {1});
builder.create<LLVM::ReturnOp>(loc, moduleDescriptor);
return moduleDescriptorGlobal;
}
namespace {
class LowerModuleMetadata
: public OpConversionPattern<refbackrt::ModuleMetadataOp> {
public:
using OpConversionPattern::OpConversionPattern;
LogicalResult
matchAndRewrite(refbackrt::ModuleMetadataOp op, ArrayRef<Value> operands,
ConversionPatternRewriter &rewriter) const override {
auto funcMetadatas =
llvm::to_vector<6>(op.metadatas().getOps<refbackrt::FuncMetadataOp>());
auto funcDescriptorArray =
createFuncDescriptorArray(funcMetadatas, rewriter, op.getLoc());
auto moduleDescriptor =
createModuleDescriptor(funcDescriptorArray, rewriter, op.getLoc());
// TODO: create get module descriptor wrapper (or upgrade
// mlir::ExecutionEngine to allow raw symbol lookup)
(void)moduleDescriptor;
rewriter.eraseOp(op);
return success();
}
};
} // namespace
// Performs the calculation:
// ```
// ty *f(void **voidStarStar, int32_t i) {
// return reinterpret_cast<ty *>(voidStarStar[i]);
// }
// ```
static Value getTypedAddressFromVoidStarStar(Value voidStarStar, int32_t index,
Type ty, OpBuilder &builder,
Location loc) {
Value ci = builder.create<LLVM::ConstantOp>(
loc, IntegerType::get(builder.getContext(), 32),
builder.getI32IntegerAttr(index));
// Do `voidStarStar[i]` as a gep + load.
auto inputPtrAddr = builder.create<LLVM::GEPOp>(
loc, LLVMPointerType::get(getInt8PointerType(builder.getContext())),
voidStarStar, ValueRange(ci));
auto inputPtr = builder.create<LLVM::LoadOp>(loc, inputPtrAddr);
return builder.create<LLVM::BitcastOp>(loc, LLVMPointerType::get(ty),
inputPtr);
}
static SmallVector<Value, 6> loadCallArgs(Value inputsPtrPtr,
LLVMFunctionType funcTy,
OpBuilder &builder, Location loc) {
SmallVector<Value, 6> callArgs;
// For each void* in the void**, cast it to the right type and load it.
for (int i = 0, e = funcTy.getNumParams(); i < e; i++) {
auto paramTy = funcTy.getParamType(i);
auto addr =
getTypedAddressFromVoidStarStar(inputsPtrPtr, i, paramTy, builder, loc);
callArgs.push_back(builder.create<LLVM::LoadOp>(loc, addr));
}
return callArgs;
}
static Type getUnrankedMemrefDescriptorType(MLIRContext *context) {
LLVMTypeConverter converter(context);
// LLVMTypeConverter doesn't directly expose the struct type used to represent
// unranked memrefs on ABI boundaries. To get that type, we convert
// an unranked memref type and see what it produces.
//
// An unranked memref is just a size_t for the rank and an void* pointer to
// descriptor, so the choice of element type here is arbitrary -- it all
// converts to the same thing.
return converter.convertType(
UnrankedMemRefType::get(Float32Type::get(context),
/*memorySpace=*/0));
}
// Writes out the logical results of the wrapper function through the void**
// passed on the ABI boundary. Because LLVM (and hence llvm.func)
// only supports a single return type (or void/no results), the logic here needs
// to be aware of the convention used in the Std to LLVM conversion to map
// multiple return types. The details of this are in the function
// packFunctionResults and its callers:
// https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/blob/fad9cba8f58ba9979f390a49cf174ec9fcec29a6/mlir/lib/Conversion/StandardToLLVM/StandardToLLVM.cpp#L282
static void storeWrapperResults(LLVM::CallOp callToWrapped, Value resultsPtrPtr,
OpBuilder &builder, Location loc) {
// 0 results. Nothing to do.
if (callToWrapped.getNumResults() == 0)
return;
Value result = callToWrapped.getResult(0);
auto ty = result.getType();
// 1 logical result.
if (ty == getUnrankedMemrefDescriptorType(ty.getContext())) {
Value addr =
getTypedAddressFromVoidStarStar(resultsPtrPtr, 0, ty, builder, loc);
builder.create<LLVM::StoreOp>(loc, result, addr);
return;
}
assert(ty.isa<LLVMStructType>() && "must be a multi-result packed struct!");
auto structType = ty.cast<LLVMStructType>();
// >=2 logical results. The convention linked above will create a struct
// wrapping.
for (int i = 0, e = structType.getBody().size(); i < e; i++) {
auto elementTy = structType.getBody()[i];
Value addr = getTypedAddressFromVoidStarStar(resultsPtrPtr, i, elementTy,
builder, loc);
int32_t i32I = i;
Value value = builder.create<LLVM::ExtractValueOp>(
loc, elementTy, result, builder.getI32ArrayAttr({i32I}));
builder.create<LLVM::StoreOp>(loc, value, addr);
}
}
// Construct a wrapper function.
// For an externally visible function f(T1, T2) -> T3, T4, we create a
// wrapper
// __refbackrt_wrapper_f(void **inputs, void ** outputs) {
// T3 t3;
// T4 t4;
// (t3, t4) = f(*cast<T1*>(inputs[0]), *cast<T2*>(inputs[1]));
// *cast<T3*>(outputs[0]) = t3;
// *cast<T4*>(outputs[1]) = t4;
// }
// This is very similar to MLIR's "packed" convention, but supporting
// outputs.
// TODO: Extend MLIR's void** wrappers to have outputs in this way.
static LLVMFuncOp createWrapperFunc(LLVMFuncOp func) {
auto *context = func.getContext();
LLVMFunctionType funcTy = func.getType();
auto voidStarTy = getInt8PointerType(context);
auto voidStarStarTy = LLVMPointerType::get(voidStarTy);
auto wrapperTy = LLVMFunctionType::get(LLVMVoidType::get(context),
{voidStarStarTy, voidStarStarTy},
/*isVarArg=*/false);
constexpr char kRefbackrtWrapperPrefix[] = "__refbackrt_wrapper_";
auto wrapperName = (Twine(kRefbackrtWrapperPrefix) + func.getName()).str();
OpBuilder moduleBuilder(func->getParentRegion());
LLVMFuncOp wrapper = moduleBuilder.create<LLVMFuncOp>(
func.getLoc(), wrapperName, wrapperTy, LLVM::Linkage::External);
// Create the function body.
Block &body = *wrapper.addEntryBlock();
auto builder = OpBuilder::atBlockBegin(&body);
auto callArgs =
loadCallArgs(body.getArgument(0), funcTy, builder, func.getLoc());
auto call = builder.create<LLVM::CallOp>(func.getLoc(), func, callArgs);
storeWrapperResults(call, body.getArgument(1), builder, func.getLoc());
builder.create<LLVM::ReturnOp>(func.getLoc(), ValueRange());
return wrapper;
}
namespace {
class LowerToLLVM : public LowerToLLVMBase<LowerToLLVM> {
void getDependentDialects(DialectRegistry &registry) const override {
registry.insert<LLVM::LLVMDialect>();
}
void runOnOperation() override {
auto module = getOperation();
auto *context = &getContext();
LLVMTypeConverter converter(context);
OwningRewritePatternList patterns;
LLVMConversionTarget target(*context);
populateCompilerRuntimePatterns(module, patterns, converter);
target.addLegalOp<ModuleOp, ModuleTerminatorOp>();
populateStdToLLVMConversionPatterns(converter, patterns);
patterns.insert<LowerModuleMetadata>(context);
// TODO: Move these "std to std" legalizations to their own pass if we grow
// lots of these patterns.
populateExpandTanhPattern(patterns, context);
if (failed(applyFullConversion(module, target, std::move(patterns)))) {
return signalPassFailure();
}
// Rewrite llvm.mlir.addressof ops that reference the original exported
// functions from the module to instead refer to wrapper functions.
// These wrapper functions have a fixed ABI
// (`void f(void **inputs, void **results)`) which we can interface to from
// external code without dealing with platform-dependent
// register-level calling conventions. We embed enough information in the
// module metadata to make sure that calling code can e.g. preallocate
// enough outputs and with the right types to safely funnel through this
// convention.
module.walk([&](LLVM::AddressOfOp op) {
auto originalFunc =
module.lookupSymbol<LLVM::LLVMFuncOp>(op.global_name());
if (!originalFunc)
return;
auto wrapper = createWrapperFunc(originalFunc);
op.getResult().setType(LLVMPointerType::get(wrapper.getType()));
Builder builder(op.getContext());
op->setAttr("global_name", builder.getSymbolRefAttr(wrapper.getName()));
});
}
};
} // namespace
std::unique_ptr<OperationPass<ModuleOp>> mlir::NPCOMP::createLowerToLLVMPass() {
return std::make_unique<LowerToLLVM>();
}
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