llvm
/
torch-mlir
mirror of https://github.com/llvm/torch-mlir
1
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Packages Projects Releases Wiki Activity
torch-mlir/lib/Dialect/Torch/Transforms/LowerToBackendContract.cpp

573 lines
23 KiB
C++
Raw Blame History

//===- LowerToBackendContract.cpp --------------------------------*- C++-*-===//
//
// This file is licensed under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
// Also available under a BSD-style license. See LICENSE.
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
#include "PassDetail.h"
#include "mlir/IR/BuiltinOps.h"
#include "mlir/Pass/PassManager.h"
#include "mlir/Transforms/DialectConversion.h"
#include "torch-mlir/Dialect/Torch/IR/TorchDialect.h"
#include "torch-mlir/Dialect/Torch/IR/TorchOps.h"
#include "torch-mlir/Dialect/Torch/Transforms/Passes.h"
#include "torch-mlir/Dialect/Torch/Utils/Utils.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/StringSet.h"
#include "llvm/Support/Debug.h"
#define DEBUG_TYPE "torch-lower-to-backend-contract"
using namespace mlir;
using namespace mlir::torch;
using namespace mlir::torch::Torch;
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// Checking the backend contract.
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
static void markDecomposedOpsAsIllegal(MLIRContext *context,
ConversionTarget &target,
llvm::StringSet<> backendLegalOps);
static LogicalResult checkType(Operation *op, Type type,
bool actuallyEmitDiagnostics) {
// Allow various scalar types that backends are expected to be able to handle.
if (isa<Torch::IntType, Torch::FloatType, Torch::BoolType, Torch::DeviceType>(
type))
return success();
// Backends are not expected to support dynamic computations on these types,
// but they frequently appear as parameters to ops which backends
// can statically pattern match and eliminate from the program.
// For example, a tensor operand might be optional, and the backend
// will pattern-match statically whether it is passed as a tensor or None.
if (isa<Torch::NoneType, Torch::StringType>(type))
return success();
// We blanket prohibit non-value-semantic tensors.
// All of our backends are currently based on value-semantic tensors, so
// we consider it our responsibility to lower all non-value-semantic tensors
// to value-semantic tensors.
if (isa<NonValueTensorType>(type)) {
if (actuallyEmitDiagnostics) {
return op
->emitError("unsupported by backend contract: non-value tensor type")
.attachNote()
.append("this is likely due to a missing case in the "
"MaximizeValueSemantics pass");
} else {
return failure();
}
}
// For value-semantic tensors, we require at least a known rank and dtype.
// We are not aware of a situation where our backends can handle an unranked
// tensor type or a tensor with a dynamic dtype.
//
// There are somewhat fundamental reasons for this. In particular, the problem
// of unranked codegen is completely different from the problem of ranked
// codegen (since ranked corresponds to a fixed loop nest structure). For all
// codegen systems we are aware of, the program must be reduced to operate
// on ranked tensors at some point in compilation, and we are not aware of
// any backend with a general solution to this problem before it reaches
// codegen. So we consider it our responsibility to eliminate unranked tensor
// from the program.
//
// We aren't aware of any backend with any infrastructure to represent dynamic
// dtypes, let alone transform and optimize them. Additionally, it is unlikely
// that any backend, even if it supports dynamic dtypes in some form, will
// have an sufficiently rich system for representing PyTorch type promotion
// rules. So we consider it our responsibility to ensure that all dtypes are
// statically known.
if (auto tensorType = dyn_cast<ValueTensorType>(type)) {
if (!tensorType.hasSizes()) {
if (actuallyEmitDiagnostics) {
return op
->emitError(
"unsupported by backend contract: tensor with unknown rank")
.attachNote()
.append("this is likely due to a missing transfer function "
"in abstract_interp_lib_gen.py");
} else {
return failure();
}
}
if (!tensorType.hasDtype()) {
if (actuallyEmitDiagnostics) {
return op
->emitError(
"unsupported by backend contract: tensor with unknown dtype")
.attachNote()
.append("this is likely due to a missing transfer function in "
"abstract_interp_lib_gen.py");
} else {
return failure();
}
}
return success();
}
// Optional types are also in the category of types which we don't expect
// backends to dynamically compute with, but they can be pattern matched
// in many cases that are practically necessary.
if (auto optionalType = dyn_cast<OptionalType>(type)) {
// TODO: Be stricter about tensor types.
// See comment below for ListType.
if (isa<ValueTensorType>(optionalType.getContainedType()))
return success();
return checkType(op, optionalType.getContainedType(),
actuallyEmitDiagnostics);
}
// List types are also in the category of types which we don't expect
// backends to dynamically compute with, but they can be pattern matched
// in many cases that are practically necessary. For example, the
// strides of a convolution op are represented as a list.
if (auto listType = dyn_cast<ListType>(type)) {
// TODO: Be stricter about tensor types.
// For the moment, there are cases (such as for torch.cat) where we end
// up with `!torch.list<vtensor>` which doesn't have shape or dtype in
// the contained type information. Somehow this slips through and works.
// We should be stricter about this and properly infer the contained type
// and shape.
if (isa<ValueTensorType>(listType.getContainedType()))
return success();
return checkType(op, listType.getContainedType(), actuallyEmitDiagnostics);
}
// Tuple types are also in the category of types which we don't expect
// backends to dynamically compute with, but they can be pattern matched
// in many cases that are practically necessary.
if (auto tupleType = dyn_cast<Torch::TupleType>(type)) {
for (auto containedType : tupleType.getContainedTypes()) {
if (failed(checkType(op, containedType, actuallyEmitDiagnostics)))
return failure();
}
return success();
}
// Unsupported type.
if (actuallyEmitDiagnostics) {
return op->emitError("unsupported by backend contract: type ") << type;
} else {
return failure();
}
}
static LogicalResult checkOpIsBackendLegal(Operation *op,
const ConversionTarget &target,
bool actuallyEmitDiagnostics) {
if (target.isLegal(op))
return success();
if (actuallyEmitDiagnostics) {
return op->emitError("found an op that was marked as backend illegal")
.attachNote()
.append("this is likely due to DecomposeComplexOps being unable to "
"decompose this op");
} else {
return failure();
}
}
static bool satisfiesBackendContract(ModuleOp module,
const ConversionTarget &target,
bool actuallyEmitDiagnostics = false) {
// We do not permit `torch.global_slot`'s in the backend contract, since
// support for them is not widespread, and this does not align with PyTorch's
// more tracing-based direction.
//
// We just check for the GlobalSlotModuleInitializerOp since its verifier
// ensures that the set of global slots matches those initialized by the
// module initializer.
auto walkResult0 = module.walk([&](Torch::GlobalSlotModuleInitializerOp op) {
if (actuallyEmitDiagnostics) {
// Report the error on the terminator to avoid dumping the whole
// initializer itself, which can have pages of ops in it.
op.getBody()
->getTerminator()
->emitError("unsupported by backend contract: module initializers")
.attachNote()
.append("this is likely due to InlineGlobalSlots being unable to "
"inline a global slot");
}
return WalkResult::interrupt();
});
if (walkResult0.wasInterrupted())
return false;
// Check for unimplemented operators first to give more direct diagnostics.
walkResult0 = module.walk([&](Torch::OperatorOp op) {
if (llvm::all_of(op.getResults(), [&op](auto res) {
return succeeded(checkType(op.getOperation(), res.getType(),
/*actuallyEmitDiagnostics=*/false));
})) {
return WalkResult::advance();
}
if (actuallyEmitDiagnostics) {
op->emitError(
"unsupported by backend contract: Unimplemented operator '" +
op.getName() + "'");
}
return WalkResult::interrupt();
});
if (walkResult0.wasInterrupted())
return false;
// Check all the types of all Value's in the program and the legality of all
// the ops.
//
// A pre-order walk gives a more intuitive "first error".
// TODO: Should we report more than the first error?
// How do we avoid making it too spammy?
auto walkResult1 = module.walk<WalkOrder::PreOrder>([&](Block *block) {
for (BlockArgument arg : block->getArguments())
if (failed(checkType(block->getParentOp(), arg.getType(),
actuallyEmitDiagnostics))) {
return WalkResult::interrupt();
}
for (Operation &op : *block) {
if (failed(checkOpIsBackendLegal(&op, target, actuallyEmitDiagnostics)))
return WalkResult::interrupt();
for (OpResult result : op.getResults())
if (failed(checkType(&op, result.getType(), actuallyEmitDiagnostics)))
return WalkResult::interrupt();
}
return WalkResult::advance();
});
if (walkResult1.wasInterrupted())
return false;
return true;
}
// Explicitly set ops and dialects allowed and not allowed in backend contract.
static ConversionTarget
getBackendContractTarget(MLIRContext *context, bool decompose,
llvm::StringSet<> backendLegalOpsSet) {
ConversionTarget target(*context);
target.addLegalDialect<func::FuncDialect, Torch::TorchDialect>();
if (decompose)
markDecomposedOpsAsIllegal(context, target, backendLegalOpsSet);
return target;
}
namespace {
class LowerToBackendContractPass
: public LowerToBackendContractBase<LowerToBackendContractPass> {
public:
LowerToBackendContractPass() = default;
LowerToBackendContractPass(int maxIterations, bool decompose,
bool shapeDtypeRefine,
ArrayRef<std::string> backendLegalOps,
StringRef extraLibrary) {
this->maxIterations = maxIterations;
this->decompose = decompose;
this->shapeDtypeRefine = shapeDtypeRefine;
this->backendLegalOps = backendLegalOps;
this->extraLibrary = extraLibrary.str();
}
void runOnOperation() override {
ModuleOp module = getOperation();
MLIRContext *context = &getContext();
backendLegalOpsSet.clear();
backendLegalOpsSet.insert(backendLegalOps.begin(), backendLegalOps.end());
ConversionTarget target =
getBackendContractTarget(context, decompose, backendLegalOpsSet);
OpPassManager pm(module.getOperationName());
TorchLoweringPipelineOptions options;
options.decompose = decompose;
options.shapeDtypeRefine = shapeDtypeRefine;
options.backendLegalOps = backendLegalOps;
options.extraLibrary = extraLibrary;
createTorchSimplificationPipeline(pm, options);
int i = 0;
do {
if (i++ == maxIterations) {
LLVM_DEBUG({
llvm::dbgs() << "LowerToBackendContractPass: "
<< "failed to satisfy backend contract after "
<< maxIterations
<< " iterations of the simplification pipeline\n";
});
// Show the diagnostics.
(void)satisfiesBackendContract(module, target,
/*actuallyEmitDiagnostics=*/true);
return signalPassFailure();
}
if (failed(runPipeline(pm, module)))
return signalPassFailure();
} while (!satisfiesBackendContract(module, target));
LLVM_DEBUG({
llvm::dbgs() << "LowerToBackendContractPass: " << "succeeded after " << i
<< " iterations of the simplification pipeline\n";
});
}
private:
llvm::StringSet<> backendLegalOpsSet;
};
class VerifyBackendContractNoDecompositionsPass
: public VerifyBackendContractNoDecompositionsBase<
VerifyBackendContractNoDecompositionsPass> {
public:
VerifyBackendContractNoDecompositionsPass() = default;
void runOnOperation() override {
MLIRContext *context = &getContext();
ConversionTarget target =
getBackendContractTarget(context, /*decompose*/ false,
/*backendLegalOpsSet*/ {});
if (!satisfiesBackendContract(getOperation(), target,
/*actuallyEmitDiagnostics=*/true)) {
return signalPassFailure();
}
}
};
} // namespace
std::unique_ptr<OperationPass<ModuleOp>>
mlir::torch::Torch::createLowerToBackendContractPass(
int maxIterations, bool decompose, bool shapeDtypeRefine,
ArrayRef<std::string> backendLegalOps, StringRef extraLibrary) {
return std::make_unique<LowerToBackendContractPass>(
maxIterations, decompose, shapeDtypeRefine, backendLegalOps,
extraLibrary);
}
std::unique_ptr<OperationPass<ModuleOp>>
mlir::torch::Torch::createVerifyBackendContractNoDecompositionsPass() {
return std::make_unique<VerifyBackendContractNoDecompositionsPass>();
}
// The backend contract guarantees that ops with decompositions available will
// be decomposed. The only way to have an op reach the backend contract without
// getting decomposed is by having the user explicitly specify that op in the
// `backendLegalOpsSet` argument to the `LowerToBackendContractPass`. Therefore,
// here we mark as illegal all ops with decompositions except for those in
// `backendLegalOpsSet`.
//
// The legality check takes place here instead of in the `DecomposeComplexOps`
// pass for two reasons:
// 1. Makes sure the `DecomposeComplexOps` pass always succeeds, allowing it to
// run multiple times. This is needed for graphs where static information such
// as dtypes and shapes takes multiple iterations to propagate through the
// entire graph. `DecomposeComplexOps` pass failing would cause the entire
// `LowerToBackendContractPass` to fail
// 2. Makes the legality requirements in the backend contract for ops with
// decompositions explicit in this file
static void markDecomposedOpsAsIllegal(MLIRContext *context,
ConversionTarget &target,
llvm::StringSet<> backendLegalOpsSet) {
target.addIllegalOp<AtenSoftmaxIntOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<Aten_SoftmaxOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<Aten_SafeSoftmaxOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<Aten_LogSoftmaxOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenLogSoftmaxIntOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenLogSigmoidOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenHardshrinkOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenSoftshrinkOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenEmptyLikeOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenOnesLikeOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenZerosLikeOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenStackOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenHstackOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenRollOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenRepeatOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenRepeatInterleaveSelfIntOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenExpandOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenFlattenUsingIntsOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenWhereScalarOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenWhereScalarOtherOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenWhereScalarSelfOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenMaskedFillScalarOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenMaskedFillTensorOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenMaskedScatterOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenSizeOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenReshapeOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<Aten_SoftmaxBackwardDataOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenTanhBackwardOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenAtleast1dOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenAtleast2dOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenEinsumOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenTraceOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenAddmmOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenMeanOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenMeanDimOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenNormScalarOptDimOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenSelectIntOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenMvOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenRenormOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenRot90Op>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenLinalgCrossOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<Aten_LinalgDetOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenLinalgSlogdetOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenPixelShuffleOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenTOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<Aten_LogSoftmaxBackwardDataOp>();
target.addDynamicallyLegalOp<AtenMatmulOp>([](AtenMatmulOp op) {
std::optional<unsigned> lhsRank = getTensorRank(op.getSelf());
std::optional<unsigned> rhsRank = getTensorRank(op.getOther());
if (!lhsRank || !rhsRank)
return false;
// Make aten.matmul legal if the following condition is satisfied.
return (*lhsRank != 2 || *rhsRank != 2) && (*lhsRank != 3 || *rhsRank != 3);
});
target.addIllegalOp<AtenAddcmulOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenAddcdivOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<Aten_WeightNormInterfaceOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenInstanceNormOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenLayerNormOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenNativeLayerNormOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenGroupNormOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenNativeGroupNormOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenNativeBatchNormOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<Aten_ConvolutionOp, Aten_ConvolutionDeprecatedOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenConvolutionBackwardOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenConvTbcOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenConv1dOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenConv2dOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenConv3dOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenConvTranspose1dOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenConvTranspose2dInputOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenConvTranspose3dInputOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenArangeOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenArangeStartOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenLinspaceOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenArgmaxOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenArgminOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenAminmaxOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenAmaxOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenAminOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenSquareOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenVarOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenStdOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<Aten_UnsafeViewOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<Aten_ReshapeAliasOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenBernoulliOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<ValsemVariantAtenBernoulliFloatOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenBernoulliPOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenBernoulliTensorOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenExponentialOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenZeroOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenEyeOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenEyeMOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenNanToNumOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenIsnanOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenIsinfOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenIsneginfOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenIsposinfOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenRandLikeOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenHardsigmoidOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenRelu6Op>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenEluOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenFakeQuantizePerTensorAffineOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenFakeQuantizePerTensorAffineCachemaskOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenGluOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenSeluOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenHardswishOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenSoftplusOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenSiluOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenNewZerosOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenNewOnesOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenHardtanhOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenFullOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenLinearOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenMishOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenFullLikeOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenNewFullOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenExpandAsOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<Aten_ToCopyOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenDropoutOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenNativeDropoutOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenNewEmptyOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenIndexTensorOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenIndexPutOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<Aten_IndexPutImplOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<Aten_UnsafeIndexPutHackedTwinOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenPadOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenPreluOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenRreluOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenCeluOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenToDtypeLayoutOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenToDeviceOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenToPrimDeviceOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenAdaptiveAvgPool1dOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenAdaptiveAvgPool2dOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenClampMinOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenClampMinTensorOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenClampMaxOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenBaddbmmOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenFloorDivideOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenFloorDivideScalarOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenNumpyTOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenSelectScatterOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenVarDimOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenVarCorrectionOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenStdDimOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenStdCorrectionOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenNarrowOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenNarrowTensorOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<Aten_EmbeddingBagOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenLiftFreshCopyOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenLerpScalarOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenLerpTensorOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenMseLossOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenRandintLowOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenRandintOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenVarMeanCorrectionOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<PrimsConvertElementTypeOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<PrimsVarOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<PrimsSqrtOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenRandOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenRandnOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenRandnGeneratorOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenRandnLikeOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenNormalFunctionalOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenVarMeanOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenRad2degOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenCosineSimilarityOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenTruncOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenNewEmptyStridedOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenEmptyStridedOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenBucketizeTensorOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<PrimsSqueezeOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenMovedimIntOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenOneHotOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenCrossEntropyLossOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenVarMeanDimOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenTopkOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenHannWindowPeriodicOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenScalarTensorOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenScatterValueOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenTypeAsOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenTileOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenReshapeAsOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenTriuOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenTriuIndicesOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenTrilIndicesOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenLinalgNormOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenFminOp>();
target.addIllegalOp<AtenFmaxOp>();
for (auto &opName : backendLegalOpsSet) {
target.addLegalOp(
OperationName(kTorchOpPrefix + opName.first().str(), context));
}
target.addDynamicallyLegalOp<OperatorOp>(
[backendLegalOpsSet](OperatorOp opOp) {
auto opName = cast<StringAttr>(opOp->getAttr("name")).getValue();
return backendLegalOpsSet.contains(opName);
});
}
Reference in New Issue View Git Blame Copy Permalink