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<title>testing - The Go Programming Language</title>
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<h1>Package testing</h1>
<div id="nav"></div>
<!--
Copyright 2009 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
-->
<div id="short-nav">
<dl>
<dd><code>import "testing"</code></dd>
</dl>
<dl>
<dd><a href="#overview" class="overviewLink">Overview</a></dd>
<dd><a href="#index">Index</a></dd>
<dd><a href="#subdirectories">Subdirectories</a></dd>
</dl>
</div>
<!-- The package's Name is printed as title by the top-level template -->
<div id="overview" class="toggleVisible">
<div class="collapsed">
<h2 class="toggleButton" title="Click to show Overview section">Overview ▹</h2>
</div>
<div class="expanded">
<h2 class="toggleButton" title="Click to hide Overview section">Overview ▾</h2>
<p>
Package testing provides support for automated testing of Go packages.
It is intended to be used in concert with the &ldquo;go test&rdquo; command, which automates
execution of any function of the form
</p>
<pre>func TestXxx(*testing.T)
</pre>
<p>
where Xxx can be any alphanumeric string (but the first letter must not be in
[a-z]) and serves to identify the test routine.
These TestXxx routines should be declared within the package they are testing.
</p>
<p>
Functions of the form
</p>
<pre>func BenchmarkXxx(*testing.B)
</pre>
<p>
are considered benchmarks, and are executed by the &#34;go test&#34; command when
the -test.bench flag is provided.
</p>
<p>
A sample benchmark function looks like this:
</p>
<pre>func BenchmarkHello(b *testing.B) {
for i := 0; i &lt; b.N; i++ {
fmt.Sprintf(&#34;hello&#34;)
}
}
</pre>
<p>
The benchmark package will vary b.N until the benchmark function lasts
long enough to be timed reliably. The output
</p>
<pre>testing.BenchmarkHello 10000000 282 ns/op
</pre>
<p>
means that the loop ran 10000000 times at a speed of 282 ns per loop.
</p>
<p>
If a benchmark needs some expensive setup before running, the timer
may be stopped:
</p>
<pre>func BenchmarkBigLen(b *testing.B) {
b.StopTimer()
big := NewBig()
b.StartTimer()
for i := 0; i &lt; b.N; i++ {
big.Len()
}
}
</pre>
<p>
The package also runs and verifies example code. Example functions may
include a concluding comment that begins with &#34;Output:&#34; and is compared with
the standard output of the function when the tests are run, as in these
examples of an example:
</p>
<pre>func ExampleHello() {
fmt.Println(&#34;hello&#34;)
// Output: hello
}
func ExampleSalutations() {
fmt.Println(&#34;hello, and&#34;)
fmt.Println(&#34;goodbye&#34;)
// Output:
// hello, and
// goodbye
}
</pre>
<p>
Example functions without output comments are compiled but not executed.
</p>
<p>
The naming convention to declare examples for a function F, a type T and
method M on type T are:
</p>
<pre>func ExampleF() { ... }
func ExampleT() { ... }
func ExampleT_M() { ... }
</pre>
<p>
Multiple example functions for a type/function/method may be provided by
appending a distinct suffix to the name. The suffix must start with a
lower-case letter.
</p>
<pre>func ExampleF_suffix() { ... }
func ExampleT_suffix() { ... }
func ExampleT_M_suffix() { ... }
</pre>
<p>
The entire test file is presented as the example when it contains a single
example function, at least one other function, type, variable, or constant
declaration, and no test or benchmark functions.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<h2 id="index">Index</h2>
<!-- Table of contents for API; must be named manual-nav to turn off auto nav. -->
<div id="manual-nav">
<dl>
<dd><a href="#Main">func Main(matchString func(pat, str string) (bool, error), tests []InternalTest, benchmarks []InternalBenchmark, examples []InternalExample)</a></dd>
<dd><a href="#RunBenchmarks">func RunBenchmarks(matchString func(pat, str string) (bool, error), benchmarks []InternalBenchmark)</a></dd>
<dd><a href="#RunExamples">func RunExamples(matchString func(pat, str string) (bool, error), examples []InternalExample) (ok bool)</a></dd>
<dd><a href="#RunTests">func RunTests(matchString func(pat, str string) (bool, error), tests []InternalTest) (ok bool)</a></dd>
<dd><a href="#Short">func Short() bool</a></dd>
<dd><a href="#B">type B</a></dd>
<dd>&nbsp; &nbsp; <a href="#B.Error">func (c *B) Error(args ...interface{})</a></dd>
<dd>&nbsp; &nbsp; <a href="#B.Errorf">func (c *B) Errorf(format string, args ...interface{})</a></dd>
<dd>&nbsp; &nbsp; <a href="#B.Fail">func (c *B) Fail()</a></dd>
<dd>&nbsp; &nbsp; <a href="#B.FailNow">func (c *B) FailNow()</a></dd>
<dd>&nbsp; &nbsp; <a href="#B.Failed">func (c *B) Failed() bool</a></dd>
<dd>&nbsp; &nbsp; <a href="#B.Fatal">func (c *B) Fatal(args ...interface{})</a></dd>
<dd>&nbsp; &nbsp; <a href="#B.Fatalf">func (c *B) Fatalf(format string, args ...interface{})</a></dd>
<dd>&nbsp; &nbsp; <a href="#B.Log">func (c *B) Log(args ...interface{})</a></dd>
<dd>&nbsp; &nbsp; <a href="#B.Logf">func (c *B) Logf(format string, args ...interface{})</a></dd>
<dd>&nbsp; &nbsp; <a href="#B.ResetTimer">func (b *B) ResetTimer()</a></dd>
<dd>&nbsp; &nbsp; <a href="#B.SetBytes">func (b *B) SetBytes(n int64)</a></dd>
<dd>&nbsp; &nbsp; <a href="#B.StartTimer">func (b *B) StartTimer()</a></dd>
<dd>&nbsp; &nbsp; <a href="#B.StopTimer">func (b *B) StopTimer()</a></dd>
<dd><a href="#BenchmarkResult">type BenchmarkResult</a></dd>
<dd>&nbsp; &nbsp; <a href="#Benchmark">func Benchmark(f func(b *B)) BenchmarkResult</a></dd>
<dd>&nbsp; &nbsp; <a href="#BenchmarkResult.NsPerOp">func (r BenchmarkResult) NsPerOp() int64</a></dd>
<dd>&nbsp; &nbsp; <a href="#BenchmarkResult.String">func (r BenchmarkResult) String() string</a></dd>
<dd><a href="#InternalBenchmark">type InternalBenchmark</a></dd>
<dd><a href="#InternalExample">type InternalExample</a></dd>
<dd><a href="#InternalTest">type InternalTest</a></dd>
<dd><a href="#T">type T</a></dd>
<dd>&nbsp; &nbsp; <a href="#T.Error">func (c *T) Error(args ...interface{})</a></dd>
<dd>&nbsp; &nbsp; <a href="#T.Errorf">func (c *T) Errorf(format string, args ...interface{})</a></dd>
<dd>&nbsp; &nbsp; <a href="#T.Fail">func (c *T) Fail()</a></dd>
<dd>&nbsp; &nbsp; <a href="#T.FailNow">func (c *T) FailNow()</a></dd>
<dd>&nbsp; &nbsp; <a href="#T.Failed">func (c *T) Failed() bool</a></dd>
<dd>&nbsp; &nbsp; <a href="#T.Fatal">func (c *T) Fatal(args ...interface{})</a></dd>
<dd>&nbsp; &nbsp; <a href="#T.Fatalf">func (c *T) Fatalf(format string, args ...interface{})</a></dd>
<dd>&nbsp; &nbsp; <a href="#T.Log">func (c *T) Log(args ...interface{})</a></dd>
<dd>&nbsp; &nbsp; <a href="#T.Logf">func (c *T) Logf(format string, args ...interface{})</a></dd>
<dd>&nbsp; &nbsp; <a href="#T.Parallel">func (t *T) Parallel()</a></dd>
</dl>
<h4>Package files</h4>
<p>
<span style="font-size:90%">
<a href="/src/pkg/testing/benchmark.go">benchmark.go</a>
<a href="/src/pkg/testing/example.go">example.go</a>
<a href="/src/pkg/testing/testing.go">testing.go</a>
</span>
</p>
<h2 id="Main">func <a href="/src/pkg/testing/testing.go?s=9750:9890#L268">Main</a></h2>
<pre>func Main(matchString func(pat, str string) (bool, error), tests []InternalTest, benchmarks []InternalBenchmark, examples []InternalExample)</pre>
<p>
An internal function but exported because it is cross-package; part of the implementation
of the &#34;go test&#34; command.
</p>
<h2 id="RunBenchmarks">func <a href="/src/pkg/testing/benchmark.go?s=5365:5464#L207">RunBenchmarks</a></h2>
<pre>func RunBenchmarks(matchString func(pat, str string) (bool, error), benchmarks []InternalBenchmark)</pre>
<p>
An internal function but exported because it is cross-package; part of the implementation
of the &#34;go test&#34; command.
</p>
<h2 id="RunExamples">func <a href="/src/pkg/testing/example.go?s=314:417#L12">RunExamples</a></h2>
<pre>func RunExamples(matchString func(pat, str string) (bool, error), examples []InternalExample) (ok bool)</pre>
<h2 id="RunTests">func <a href="/src/pkg/testing/testing.go?s=10486:10580#L297">RunTests</a></h2>
<pre>func RunTests(matchString func(pat, str string) (bool, error), tests []InternalTest) (ok bool)</pre>
<h2 id="Short">func <a href="/src/pkg/testing/testing.go?s=4859:4876#L117">Short</a></h2>
<pre>func Short() bool</pre>
<p>
Short reports whether the -test.short flag is set.
</p>
<h2 id="B">type <a href="/src/pkg/testing/benchmark.go?s=743:872#L17">B</a></h2>
<pre>type B struct {
N int
<span class="comment">// contains filtered or unexported fields</span>
}</pre>
<p>
B is a type passed to Benchmark functions to manage benchmark
timing and to specify the number of iterations to run.
</p>
<h3 id="B.Error">func (*B) <a href="/src/pkg/testing/testing.go?s=8110:8153#L209">Error</a></h3>
<pre>func (c *B) Error(args ...interface{})</pre>
<p>
Error is equivalent to Log() followed by Fail().
</p>
<h3 id="B.Errorf">func (*B) <a href="/src/pkg/testing/testing.go?s=8253:8312#L215">Errorf</a></h3>
<pre>func (c *B) Errorf(format string, args ...interface{})</pre>
<p>
Errorf is equivalent to Logf() followed by Fail().
</p>
<h3 id="B.Fail">func (*B) <a href="/src/pkg/testing/testing.go?s=6270:6293#L163">Fail</a></h3>
<pre>func (c *B) Fail()</pre>
<p>
Fail marks the function as having failed but continues execution.
</p>
<h3 id="B.FailNow">func (*B) <a href="/src/pkg/testing/testing.go?s=6548:6574#L170">FailNow</a></h3>
<pre>func (c *B) FailNow()</pre>
<p>
FailNow marks the function as having failed and stops its execution.
Execution will continue at the next test or benchmark.
</p>
<h3 id="B.Failed">func (*B) <a href="/src/pkg/testing/testing.go?s=6366:6396#L166">Failed</a></h3>
<pre>func (c *B) Failed() bool</pre>
<p>
Failed returns whether the function has failed.
</p>
<h3 id="B.Fatal">func (*B) <a href="/src/pkg/testing/testing.go?s=8420:8463#L221">Fatal</a></h3>
<pre>func (c *B) Fatal(args ...interface{})</pre>
<p>
Fatal is equivalent to Log() followed by FailNow().
</p>
<h3 id="B.Fatalf">func (*B) <a href="/src/pkg/testing/testing.go?s=8569:8628#L227">Fatalf</a></h3>
<pre>func (c *B) Fatalf(format string, args ...interface{})</pre>
<p>
Fatalf is equivalent to Logf() followed by FailNow().
</p>
<h3 id="B.Log">func (*B) <a href="/src/pkg/testing/testing.go?s=7763:7804#L202">Log</a></h3>
<pre>func (c *B) Log(args ...interface{})</pre>
<p>
Log formats its arguments using default formatting, analogous to Println(),
and records the text in the error log.
</p>
<h3 id="B.Logf">func (*B) <a href="/src/pkg/testing/testing.go?s=7959:8016#L206">Logf</a></h3>
<pre>func (c *B) Logf(format string, args ...interface{})</pre>
<p>
Logf formats its arguments according to the format, analogous to Printf(),
and records the text in the error log.
</p>
<h3 id="B.ResetTimer">func (*B) <a href="/src/pkg/testing/benchmark.go?s=1503:1527#L48">ResetTimer</a></h3>
<pre>func (b *B) ResetTimer()</pre>
<p>
ResetTimer sets the elapsed benchmark time to zero.
It does not affect whether the timer is running.
</p>
<h3 id="B.SetBytes">func (*B) <a href="/src/pkg/testing/benchmark.go?s=1728:1757#L57">SetBytes</a></h3>
<pre>func (b *B) SetBytes(n int64)</pre>
<p>
SetBytes records the number of bytes processed in a single operation.
If this is called, the benchmark will report ns/op and MB/s.
</p>
<h3 id="B.StartTimer">func (*B) <a href="/src/pkg/testing/benchmark.go?s=1047:1071#L29">StartTimer</a></h3>
<pre>func (b *B) StartTimer()</pre>
<p>
StartTimer starts timing a test. This function is called automatically
before a benchmark starts, but it can also used to resume timing after
a call to StopTimer.
</p>
<h3 id="B.StopTimer">func (*B) <a href="/src/pkg/testing/benchmark.go?s=1288:1311#L39">StopTimer</a></h3>
<pre>func (b *B) StopTimer()</pre>
<p>
StopTimer stops timing a test. This can be used to pause the timer
while performing complex initialization that you don&#39;t
want to measure.
</p>
<h2 id="BenchmarkResult">type <a href="/src/pkg/testing/benchmark.go?s=4206:4391#L165">BenchmarkResult</a></h2>
<pre>type BenchmarkResult struct {
N int <span class="comment">// The number of iterations.</span>
T time.Duration <span class="comment">// The total time taken.</span>
Bytes int64 <span class="comment">// Bytes processed in one iteration.</span>
}</pre>
<p>
The results of a benchmark run.
</p>
<h3 id="Benchmark">func <a href="/src/pkg/testing/benchmark.go?s=7545:7589#L275">Benchmark</a></h3>
<pre>func Benchmark(f func(b *B)) BenchmarkResult</pre>
<p>
Benchmark benchmarks a single function. Useful for creating
custom benchmarks that do not use the &#34;go test&#34; command.
</p>
<h3 id="BenchmarkResult.NsPerOp">func (BenchmarkResult) <a href="/src/pkg/testing/benchmark.go?s=4393:4433#L171">NsPerOp</a></h3>
<pre>func (r BenchmarkResult) NsPerOp() int64</pre>
<h3 id="BenchmarkResult.String">func (BenchmarkResult) <a href="/src/pkg/testing/benchmark.go?s=4677:4717#L185">String</a></h3>
<pre>func (r BenchmarkResult) String() string</pre>
<h2 id="InternalBenchmark">type <a href="/src/pkg/testing/benchmark.go?s=555:618#L10">InternalBenchmark</a></h2>
<pre>type InternalBenchmark struct {
Name string
F func(b *B)
}</pre>
<p>
An internal type but exported because it is cross-package; part of the implementation
of the &#34;go test&#34; command.
</p>
<h2 id="InternalExample">type <a href="/src/pkg/testing/example.go?s=236:312#L6">InternalExample</a></h2>
<pre>type InternalExample struct {
Name string
F func()
Output string
}</pre>
<h2 id="InternalTest">type <a href="/src/pkg/testing/testing.go?s=9065:9121#L241">InternalTest</a></h2>
<pre>type InternalTest struct {
Name string
F func(*T)
}</pre>
<p>
An internal type but exported because it is cross-package; part of the implementation
of the &#34;go test&#34; command.
</p>
<h2 id="T">type <a href="/src/pkg/testing/testing.go?s=6070:6199#L156">T</a></h2>
<pre>type T struct {
<span class="comment">// contains filtered or unexported fields</span>
}</pre>
<p>
T is a type passed to Test functions to manage test state and support formatted test logs.
Logs are accumulated during execution and dumped to standard error when done.
</p>
<h3 id="T.Error">func (*T) <a href="/src/pkg/testing/testing.go?s=8110:8153#L209">Error</a></h3>
<pre>func (c *T) Error(args ...interface{})</pre>
<p>
Error is equivalent to Log() followed by Fail().
</p>
<h3 id="T.Errorf">func (*T) <a href="/src/pkg/testing/testing.go?s=8253:8312#L215">Errorf</a></h3>
<pre>func (c *T) Errorf(format string, args ...interface{})</pre>
<p>
Errorf is equivalent to Logf() followed by Fail().
</p>
<h3 id="T.Fail">func (*T) <a href="/src/pkg/testing/testing.go?s=6270:6293#L163">Fail</a></h3>
<pre>func (c *T) Fail()</pre>
<p>
Fail marks the function as having failed but continues execution.
</p>
<h3 id="T.FailNow">func (*T) <a href="/src/pkg/testing/testing.go?s=6548:6574#L170">FailNow</a></h3>
<pre>func (c *T) FailNow()</pre>
<p>
FailNow marks the function as having failed and stops its execution.
Execution will continue at the next test or benchmark.
</p>
<h3 id="T.Failed">func (*T) <a href="/src/pkg/testing/testing.go?s=6366:6396#L166">Failed</a></h3>
<pre>func (c *T) Failed() bool</pre>
<p>
Failed returns whether the function has failed.
</p>
<h3 id="T.Fatal">func (*T) <a href="/src/pkg/testing/testing.go?s=8420:8463#L221">Fatal</a></h3>
<pre>func (c *T) Fatal(args ...interface{})</pre>
<p>
Fatal is equivalent to Log() followed by FailNow().
</p>
<h3 id="T.Fatalf">func (*T) <a href="/src/pkg/testing/testing.go?s=8569:8628#L227">Fatalf</a></h3>
<pre>func (c *T) Fatalf(format string, args ...interface{})</pre>
<p>
Fatalf is equivalent to Logf() followed by FailNow().
</p>
<h3 id="T.Log">func (*T) <a href="/src/pkg/testing/testing.go?s=7763:7804#L202">Log</a></h3>
<pre>func (c *T) Log(args ...interface{})</pre>
<p>
Log formats its arguments using default formatting, analogous to Println(),
and records the text in the error log.
</p>
<h3 id="T.Logf">func (*T) <a href="/src/pkg/testing/testing.go?s=7959:8016#L206">Logf</a></h3>
<pre>func (c *T) Logf(format string, args ...interface{})</pre>
<p>
Logf formats its arguments according to the format, analogous to Printf(),
and records the text in the error log.
</p>
<h3 id="T.Parallel">func (*T) <a href="/src/pkg/testing/testing.go?s=8809:8831#L234">Parallel</a></h3>
<pre>func (t *T) Parallel()</pre>
<p>
Parallel signals that this test is to be run in parallel with (and only with)
other parallel tests in this CPU group.
</p>
</div>
<h2 id="subdirectories">Subdirectories</h2>
<table class="dir">
<tr>
<th>Name</th>
<th>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</th>
<th style="text-align: left; width: auto">Synopsis</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="..">..</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="name"><a href="iotest">iotest</a></td>
<td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>
<td style="width: auto">Package iotest implements Readers and Writers useful mainly for testing.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="name"><a href="quick">quick</a></td>
<td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>
<td style="width: auto">Package quick implements utility functions to help with black box testing.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
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