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<title>垃圾收集 · Kubernetes 中文指南——云原生应用架构实战手册</title>
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<a href="https://lib.jimmysong.io" target="_blank" class="custom-link">云原生资料库</a>
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<a href="https://jimmysong.io/awesome-cloud-native/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">云原生开源项目大全</a>
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<a href="https://cloudnative.to" target="_blank" class="custom-link">云原生社区</a>
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<li class="divider"></li>
<li class="header">前言</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.1" data-path="../">
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<b>1.1.</b>
序言
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<li class="header">云原生</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.1" data-path="../cloud-native/cloud-native-definition.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/cloud-native-definition.html">
<b>2.1.</b>
云原生的定义
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<li class="chapter " data-level="2.2" data-path="../cloud-native/cloud-native-philosophy.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/cloud-native-philosophy.html">
<b>2.2.</b>
云原生的设计哲学
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.3" data-path="../cloud-native/kubernetes-history.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/kubernetes-history.html">
<b>2.3.</b>
Kubernetes 的诞生
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.4" data-path="../cloud-native/kubernetes-and-cloud-native-app-overview.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/kubernetes-and-cloud-native-app-overview.html">
<b>2.4.</b>
Kubernetes 与云原生应用概览
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.5" data-path="../cloud-native/from-kubernetes-to-cloud-native.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/from-kubernetes-to-cloud-native.html">
<b>2.5.</b>
云原生应用之路 —— 从 Kubernetes 到云原生
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.6" data-path="../cloud-native/define-cloud-native-app.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/define-cloud-native-app.html">
<b>2.6.</b>
定义云原生应用
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.6.1" data-path="../cloud-native/oam.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/oam.html">
<b>2.6.1.</b>
OAM
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.6.1.1" data-path="../cloud-native/workload.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/workload.html">
<b>2.6.1.1.</b>
Workload
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.6.1.2" data-path="../cloud-native/component.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/component.html">
<b>2.6.1.2.</b>
Component
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.6.1.3" data-path="../cloud-native/trait.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/trait.html">
<b>2.6.1.3.</b>
Trait
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.6.1.4" data-path="../cloud-native/application-scope.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/application-scope.html">
<b>2.6.1.4.</b>
Application Scope
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.6.1.5" data-path="../cloud-native/application-configuration.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/application-configuration.html">
<b>2.6.1.5.</b>
Application Configuration
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.6.2" data-path="../cloud-native/crossplane.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/crossplane.html">
<b>2.6.2.</b>
Crossplane
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.7" data-path="../cloud-native/cloud-native-programming-languages.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/cloud-native-programming-languages.html">
<b>2.7.</b>
云原生平台配置语言
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.7.1" data-path="../cloud-native/cloud-native-programming-language-ballerina.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/cloud-native-programming-language-ballerina.html">
<b>2.7.1.</b>
Ballerina
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.7.2" data-path="../cloud-native/cloud-native-programming-language-pulumi.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/cloud-native-programming-language-pulumi.html">
<b>2.7.2.</b>
Pulumi
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.8" data-path="../cloud-native/the-future-of-cloud-native.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/the-future-of-cloud-native.html">
<b>2.8.</b>
云原生的未来
</a>
</li>
<li class="header">快速入门</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1" data-path="../cloud-native/quick-start.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/quick-start.html">
<b>3.1.</b>
云原生新手入门指南
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.2" data-path="../cloud-native/play-with-kubernetes.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/play-with-kubernetes.html">
<b>3.2.</b>
Play with Kubernetes
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.3" data-path="../cloud-native/cloud-native-local-quick-start.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/cloud-native-local-quick-start.html">
<b>3.3.</b>
快速部署一个云原生本地实验环境
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.4" data-path="../cloud-native/setup-kubernetes-with-rancher-and-aliyun.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/setup-kubernetes-with-rancher-and-aliyun.html">
<b>3.4.</b>
使用 Rancher 在阿里云上部署 Kubenretes 集群
</a>
</li>
<li class="header">概念与原理</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1" data-path="./">
<a href="./">
<b>4.1.</b>
Kubernetes 架构
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1.1" data-path="concepts.html">
<a href="concepts.html">
<b>4.1.1.</b>
Kubernetes 的设计理念
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1.2" data-path="etcd.html">
<a href="etcd.html">
<b>4.1.2.</b>
Etcd 解析
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1.3" data-path="open-interfaces.html">
<a href="open-interfaces.html">
<b>4.1.3.</b>
开放接口
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1.3.1" data-path="cri.html">
<a href="cri.html">
<b>4.1.3.1.</b>
容器运行时接口CRI
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1.3.2" data-path="cni.html">
<a href="cni.html">
<b>4.1.3.2.</b>
容器网络接口CNI
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1.3.3" data-path="csi.html">
<a href="csi.html">
<b>4.1.3.3.</b>
容器存储接口CSI
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1.4" data-path="objects.html">
<a href="objects.html">
<b>4.1.4.</b>
Kubernetes 中的资源对象
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.2" data-path="pod-state-and-lifecycle.html">
<a href="pod-state-and-lifecycle.html">
<b>4.2.</b>
Pod 状态与生命周期管理
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.2.1" data-path="pod-overview.html">
<a href="pod-overview.html">
<b>4.2.1.</b>
Pod 概览
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.2.2" data-path="pod.html">
<a href="pod.html">
<b>4.2.2.</b>
Pod 解析
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.2.3" data-path="init-containers.html">
<a href="init-containers.html">
<b>4.2.3.</b>
Init 容器
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.2.4" data-path="pause-container.html">
<a href="pause-container.html">
<b>4.2.4.</b>
Pause 容器
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.2.5" data-path="pod-security-policy.html">
<a href="pod-security-policy.html">
<b>4.2.5.</b>
Pod 安全策略
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.2.6" data-path="pod-lifecycle.html">
<a href="pod-lifecycle.html">
<b>4.2.6.</b>
Pod 的生命周期
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.2.7" data-path="pod-hook.html">
<a href="pod-hook.html">
<b>4.2.7.</b>
Pod Hook
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.2.8" data-path="pod-preset.html">
<a href="pod-preset.html">
<b>4.2.8.</b>
Pod Preset
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.2.9" data-path="pod-disruption-budget.html">
<a href="pod-disruption-budget.html">
<b>4.2.9.</b>
Pod 中断与 PDBPod 中断预算)
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.3" data-path="cluster.html">
<a href="cluster.html">
<b>4.3.</b>
集群资源管理
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.3.1" data-path="node.html">
<a href="node.html">
<b>4.3.1.</b>
Node
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.3.2" data-path="namespace.html">
<a href="namespace.html">
<b>4.3.2.</b>
Namespace
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.3.3" data-path="label.html">
<a href="label.html">
<b>4.3.3.</b>
Label
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.3.4" data-path="annotation.html">
<a href="annotation.html">
<b>4.3.4.</b>
Annotation
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.3.5" data-path="taint-and-toleration.html">
<a href="taint-and-toleration.html">
<b>4.3.5.</b>
Taint 和 Toleration污点和容忍
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter active" data-level="4.3.6" data-path="garbage-collection.html">
<a href="garbage-collection.html">
<b>4.3.6.</b>
垃圾收集
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.4" data-path="controllers.html">
<a href="controllers.html">
<b>4.4.</b>
控制器
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.4.1" data-path="deployment.html">
<a href="deployment.html">
<b>4.4.1.</b>
Deployment
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.4.2" data-path="statefulset.html">
<a href="statefulset.html">
<b>4.4.2.</b>
StatefulSet
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.4.3" data-path="daemonset.html">
<a href="daemonset.html">
<b>4.4.3.</b>
DaemonSet
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.4.4" data-path="replicaset.html">
<a href="replicaset.html">
<b>4.4.4.</b>
ReplicationController 和 ReplicaSet
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.4.5" data-path="job.html">
<a href="job.html">
<b>4.4.5.</b>
Job
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.4.6" data-path="cronjob.html">
<a href="cronjob.html">
<b>4.4.6.</b>
CronJob
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.4.7" data-path="horizontal-pod-autoscaling.html">
<a href="horizontal-pod-autoscaling.html">
<b>4.4.7.</b>
Horizontal Pod Autoscaling
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.4.7.1" data-path="custom-metrics-hpa.html">
<a href="custom-metrics-hpa.html">
<b>4.4.7.1.</b>
自定义指标 HPA
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.4.8" data-path="admission-controller.html">
<a href="admission-controller.html">
<b>4.4.8.</b>
准入控制器Admission Controller
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5" data-path="service-discovery.html">
<a href="service-discovery.html">
<b>4.5.</b>
服务发现与路由
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5.1" data-path="service.html">
<a href="service.html">
<b>4.5.1.</b>
Service
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5.2" data-path="topology-aware-routing.html">
<a href="topology-aware-routing.html">
<b>4.5.2.</b>
拓扑感知路由
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5.3" data-path="ingress.html">
<a href="ingress.html">
<b>4.5.3.</b>
Ingress
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5.3.1" data-path="traefik-ingress-controller.html">
<a href="traefik-ingress-controller.html">
<b>4.5.3.1.</b>
Traefik Ingress Controller
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5.4" data-path="gateway.html">
<a href="gateway.html">
<b>4.5.4.</b>
Gateway
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.6" data-path="authentication-and-permission.html">
<a href="authentication-and-permission.html">
<b>4.6.</b>
身份与权限控制
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.6.1" data-path="serviceaccount.html">
<a href="serviceaccount.html">
<b>4.6.1.</b>
ServiceAccount
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.6.2" data-path="rbac.html">
<a href="rbac.html">
<b>4.6.2.</b>
基于角色的访问控制RBAC
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.6.3" data-path="network-policy.html">
<a href="network-policy.html">
<b>4.6.3.</b>
NetworkPolicy
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.6.4" data-path="spiffe.html">
<a href="spiffe.html">
<b>4.6.4.</b>
SPIFFE
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.6.4.1" data-path="spire.html">
<a href="spire.html">
<b>4.6.4.1.</b>
SPIRE
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.7" data-path="networking.html">
<a href="networking.html">
<b>4.7.</b>
网络
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.7.1" data-path="flannel.html">
<a href="flannel.html">
<b>4.7.1.</b>
扁平网络 Flannel
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.7.2" data-path="calico.html">
<a href="calico.html">
<b>4.7.2.</b>
非 Overlay 扁平网络 Calico
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.7.3" data-path="cilium.html">
<a href="cilium.html">
<b>4.7.3.</b>
基于 eBPF 的网络 Cilium
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.7.3.1" data-path="cilium-concepts.html">
<a href="cilium-concepts.html">
<b>4.7.3.1.</b>
Cilium 架构设计与概念解析
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.8" data-path="storage.html">
<a href="storage.html">
<b>4.8.</b>
存储
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.8.1" data-path="secret.html">
<a href="secret.html">
<b>4.8.1.</b>
Secret
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.8.2" data-path="configmap.html">
<a href="configmap.html">
<b>4.8.2.</b>
ConfigMap
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.8.2.1" data-path="configmap-hot-update.html">
<a href="configmap-hot-update.html">
<b>4.8.2.1.</b>
ConfigMap 的热更新
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.8.3" data-path="volume.html">
<a href="volume.html">
<b>4.8.3.</b>
Volume
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.8.4" data-path="persistent-volume.html">
<a href="persistent-volume.html">
<b>4.8.4.</b>
持久化卷Persistent Volume
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.8.5" data-path="storageclass.html">
<a href="storageclass.html">
<b>4.8.5.</b>
Storage Class
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.8.6" data-path="local-persistent-storage.html">
<a href="local-persistent-storage.html">
<b>4.8.6.</b>
本地持久化存储
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.9" data-path="extension.html">
<a href="extension.html">
<b>4.9.</b>
集群扩展
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.9.1" data-path="custom-resource.html">
<a href="custom-resource.html">
<b>4.9.1.</b>
使用自定义资源扩展 API
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.9.2" data-path="crd.html">
<a href="crd.html">
<b>4.9.2.</b>
使用 CRD 扩展 Kubernetes API
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.9.3" data-path="aggregated-api-server.html">
<a href="aggregated-api-server.html">
<b>4.9.3.</b>
Aggregated API Server
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.9.4" data-path="apiservice.html">
<a href="apiservice.html">
<b>4.9.4.</b>
APIService
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.9.5" data-path="service-catalog.html">
<a href="service-catalog.html">
<b>4.9.5.</b>
服务目录Service Catalog
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.10" data-path="multicluster.html">
<a href="multicluster.html">
<b>4.10.</b>
多集群管理
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.10.1" data-path="multi-cluster-services-api.html">
<a href="multi-cluster-services-api.html">
<b>4.10.1.</b>
多集群服务 APIMulti-Cluster Services API
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.10.2" data-path="../practice/federation.html">
<a href="../practice/federation.html">
<b>4.10.2.</b>
集群联邦Cluster Federation
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.11" data-path="scheduling.html">
<a href="scheduling.html">
<b>4.11.</b>
资源调度
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.11.1" data-path="qos.html">
<a href="qos.html">
<b>4.11.1.</b>
服务质量等级QoS
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="header">用户指南</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.1" data-path="../guide/">
<a href="../guide/">
<b>5.1.</b>
用户指南概览
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.2" data-path="../guide/resource-configuration.html">
<a href="../guide/resource-configuration.html">
<b>5.2.</b>
资源对象配置
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.2.1" data-path="../guide/configure-liveness-readiness-probes.html">
<a href="../guide/configure-liveness-readiness-probes.html">
<b>5.2.1.</b>
配置 Pod 的 liveness 和 readiness 探针
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.2.2" data-path="../guide/configure-pod-service-account.html">
<a href="../guide/configure-pod-service-account.html">
<b>5.2.2.</b>
配置 Pod 的 Service Account
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.2.3" data-path="../guide/secret-configuration.html">
<a href="../guide/secret-configuration.html">
<b>5.2.3.</b>
Secret 配置
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.2.4" data-path="../guide/resource-quota-management.html">
<a href="../guide/resource-quota-management.html">
<b>5.2.4.</b>
管理 namespace 中的资源配额
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.3" data-path="../guide/command-usage.html">
<a href="../guide/command-usage.html">
<b>5.3.</b>
命令使用
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.3.1" data-path="../guide/docker-cli-to-kubectl.html">
<a href="../guide/docker-cli-to-kubectl.html">
<b>5.3.1.</b>
Docker 用户过渡到 kubectl 命令行指南
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.3.2" data-path="../guide/using-kubectl.html">
<a href="../guide/using-kubectl.html">
<b>5.3.2.</b>
kubectl 命令概览
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.3.3" data-path="../guide/kubectl-cheatsheet.html">
<a href="../guide/kubectl-cheatsheet.html">
<b>5.3.3.</b>
kubectl 命令技巧大全
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.3.4" data-path="../guide/using-etcdctl-to-access-kubernetes-data.html">
<a href="../guide/using-etcdctl-to-access-kubernetes-data.html">
<b>5.3.4.</b>
使用 etcdctl 访问 Kubernetes 数据
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.4" data-path="../guide/cluster-security-management.html">
<a href="../guide/cluster-security-management.html">
<b>5.4.</b>
集群安全性管理
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.4.1" data-path="../guide/managing-tls-in-a-cluster.html">
<a href="../guide/managing-tls-in-a-cluster.html">
<b>5.4.1.</b>
管理集群中的 TLS
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.4.2" data-path="../guide/kubelet-authentication-authorization.html">
<a href="../guide/kubelet-authentication-authorization.html">
<b>5.4.2.</b>
kubelet 的认证授权
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.4.3" data-path="../guide/tls-bootstrapping.html">
<a href="../guide/tls-bootstrapping.html">
<b>5.4.3.</b>
TLS Bootstrap
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.4.4" data-path="../guide/kubectl-user-authentication-authorization.html">
<a href="../guide/kubectl-user-authentication-authorization.html">
<b>5.4.4.</b>
创建用户认证授权的 kubeconfig 文件
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.4.5" data-path="../guide/ip-masq-agent.html">
<a href="../guide/ip-masq-agent.html">
<b>5.4.5.</b>
IP 伪装代理
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.4.6" data-path="../guide/auth-with-kubeconfig-or-token.html">
<a href="../guide/auth-with-kubeconfig-or-token.html">
<b>5.4.6.</b>
使用 kubeconfig 或 token 进行用户身份认证
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.4.7" data-path="../guide/authentication.html">
<a href="../guide/authentication.html">
<b>5.4.7.</b>
Kubernetes 中的用户与身份认证授权
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.4.8" data-path="../guide/kubernetes-security-best-practice.html">
<a href="../guide/kubernetes-security-best-practice.html">
<b>5.4.8.</b>
Kubernetes 集群安全性配置最佳实践
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.5" data-path="../guide/access-kubernetes-cluster.html">
<a href="../guide/access-kubernetes-cluster.html">
<b>5.5.</b>
访问 Kubernetes 集群
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.5.1" data-path="../guide/access-cluster.html">
<a href="../guide/access-cluster.html">
<b>5.5.1.</b>
访问集群
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.5.2" data-path="../guide/authenticate-across-clusters-kubeconfig.html">
<a href="../guide/authenticate-across-clusters-kubeconfig.html">
<b>5.5.2.</b>
使用 kubeconfig 文件配置跨集群认证
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.5.3" data-path="../guide/connecting-to-applications-port-forward.html">
<a href="../guide/connecting-to-applications-port-forward.html">
<b>5.5.3.</b>
通过端口转发访问集群中的应用程序
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.5.4" data-path="../guide/service-access-application-cluster.html">
<a href="../guide/service-access-application-cluster.html">
<b>5.5.4.</b>
使用 service 访问群集中的应用程序
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.5.5" data-path="../guide/accessing-kubernetes-pods-from-outside-of-the-cluster.html">
<a href="../guide/accessing-kubernetes-pods-from-outside-of-the-cluster.html">
<b>5.5.5.</b>
从外部访问 Kubernetes 中的 Pod
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.5.6" data-path="../guide/kubernetes-desktop-client.html">
<a href="../guide/kubernetes-desktop-client.html">
<b>5.5.6.</b>
Lens - Kubernetes IDE
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.5.7" data-path="../guide/kubernator-kubernetes-ui.html">
<a href="../guide/kubernator-kubernetes-ui.html">
<b>5.5.7.</b>
Kubernator - 更底层的 Kubernetes UI
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.6" data-path="../guide/application-development-deployment-flow.html">
<a href="../guide/application-development-deployment-flow.html">
<b>5.6.</b>
在 Kubernetes 中开发部署应用
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.6.1" data-path="../guide/deploy-applications-in-kubernetes.html">
<a href="../guide/deploy-applications-in-kubernetes.html">
<b>5.6.1.</b>
适用于 Kubernetes 的应用开发部署流程
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.6.2" data-path="../guide/migrating-hadoop-yarn-to-kubernetes.html">
<a href="../guide/migrating-hadoop-yarn-to-kubernetes.html">
<b>5.6.2.</b>
迁移传统应用到 Kubernetes 中 —— 以 Hadoop YARN 为例
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.6.3" data-path="../guide/using-statefulset.html">
<a href="../guide/using-statefulset.html">
<b>5.6.3.</b>
使用 StatefulSet 部署用状态应用
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="header">最佳实践</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.1" data-path="../practice/">
<a href="../practice/">
<b>6.1.</b>
最佳实践概览
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.2" data-path="../practice/install-kubernetes-on-centos.html">
<a href="../practice/install-kubernetes-on-centos.html">
<b>6.2.</b>
在 CentOS 上部署 Kubernetes 集群
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.2.1" data-path="../practice/create-tls-and-secret-key.html">
<a href="../practice/create-tls-and-secret-key.html">
<b>6.2.1.</b>
创建 TLS 证书和秘钥
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.2.2" data-path="../practice/create-kubeconfig.html">
<a href="../practice/create-kubeconfig.html">
<b>6.2.2.</b>
创建 kubeconfig 文件
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.2.3" data-path="../practice/etcd-cluster-installation.html">
<a href="../practice/etcd-cluster-installation.html">
<b>6.2.3.</b>
创建高可用 etcd 集群
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.2.4" data-path="../practice/kubectl-installation.html">
<a href="../practice/kubectl-installation.html">
<b>6.2.4.</b>
安装 kubectl 命令行工具
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.2.5" data-path="../practice/master-installation.html">
<a href="../practice/master-installation.html">
<b>6.2.5.</b>
部署 master 节点
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.2.6" data-path="../practice/flannel-installation.html">
<a href="../practice/flannel-installation.html">
<b>6.2.6.</b>
安装 flannel 网络插件
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.2.7" data-path="../practice/node-installation.html">
<a href="../practice/node-installation.html">
<b>6.2.7.</b>
部署 node 节点
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.2.8" data-path="../practice/kubedns-addon-installation.html">
<a href="../practice/kubedns-addon-installation.html">
<b>6.2.8.</b>
安装 kubedns 插件
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.2.9" data-path="../practice/dashboard-addon-installation.html">
<a href="../practice/dashboard-addon-installation.html">
<b>6.2.9.</b>
安装 dashboard 插件
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.2.10" data-path="../practice/heapster-addon-installation.html">
<a href="../practice/heapster-addon-installation.html">
<b>6.2.10.</b>
安装 heapster 插件
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.2.11" data-path="../practice/efk-addon-installation.html">
<a href="../practice/efk-addon-installation.html">
<b>6.2.11.</b>
安装 EFK 插件
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.3" data-path="../practice/install-kubernetes-with-kubeadm.html">
<a href="../practice/install-kubernetes-with-kubeadm.html">
<b>6.3.</b>
生产级的 Kubernetes 简化管理工具 kubeadm
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.3.1" data-path="../practice/install-kubernetes-on-ubuntu-server-16.04-with-kubeadm.html">
<a href="../practice/install-kubernetes-on-ubuntu-server-16.04-with-kubeadm.html">
<b>6.3.1.</b>
使用 kubeadm 在 Ubuntu Server 16.04 上快速构建测试集群
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.4" data-path="../practice/service-discovery-and-loadbalancing.html">
<a href="../practice/service-discovery-and-loadbalancing.html">
<b>6.4.</b>
服务发现与负载均衡
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.4.1" data-path="../practice/traefik-ingress-installation.html">
<a href="../practice/traefik-ingress-installation.html">
<b>6.4.1.</b>
安装 Traefik ingress
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.4.2" data-path="../practice/distributed-load-test.html">
<a href="../practice/distributed-load-test.html">
<b>6.4.2.</b>
分布式负载测试
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.4.3" data-path="../practice/network-and-cluster-perfermance-test.html">
<a href="../practice/network-and-cluster-perfermance-test.html">
<b>6.4.3.</b>
网络和集群性能测试
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.4.4" data-path="../practice/edge-node-configuration.html">
<a href="../practice/edge-node-configuration.html">
<b>6.4.4.</b>
边缘节点配置
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.4.5" data-path="../practice/nginx-ingress-installation.html">
<a href="../practice/nginx-ingress-installation.html">
<b>6.4.5.</b>
安装 Nginx ingress
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.4.6" data-path="../practice/dns-installation.html">
<a href="../practice/dns-installation.html">
<b>6.4.6.</b>
安装配置 DNS
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.4.6.1" data-path="../practice/configuring-dns.html">
<a href="../practice/configuring-dns.html">
<b>6.4.6.1.</b>
安装配置 Kube-dns
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.4.6.2" data-path="../practice/coredns.html">
<a href="../practice/coredns.html">
<b>6.4.6.2.</b>
安装配置 CoreDNS
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.5" data-path="../practice/operation.html">
<a href="../practice/operation.html">
<b>6.5.</b>
运维管理
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.5.1" data-path="../practice/master-ha.html">
<a href="../practice/master-ha.html">
<b>6.5.1.</b>
Master 节点高可用
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.5.2" data-path="../practice/service-rolling-update.html">
<a href="../practice/service-rolling-update.html">
<b>6.5.2.</b>
服务滚动升级
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.5.3" data-path="../practice/app-log-collection.html">
<a href="../practice/app-log-collection.html">
<b>6.5.3.</b>
应用日志收集
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.5.4" data-path="../practice/configuration-best-practice.html">
<a href="../practice/configuration-best-practice.html">
<b>6.5.4.</b>
配置最佳实践
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.5.5" data-path="../practice/monitor.html">
<a href="../practice/monitor.html">
<b>6.5.5.</b>
集群及应用监控
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.5.6" data-path="../practice/data-persistence-problem.html">
<a href="../practice/data-persistence-problem.html">
<b>6.5.6.</b>
数据持久化问题
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.5.7" data-path="../practice/manage-compute-resources-container.html">
<a href="../practice/manage-compute-resources-container.html">
<b>6.5.7.</b>
管理容器的计算资源
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.6" data-path="../practice/storage.html">
<a href="../practice/storage.html">
<b>6.6.</b>
存储管理
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.6.1" data-path="../practice/glusterfs.html">
<a href="../practice/glusterfs.html">
<b>6.6.1.</b>
GlusterFS
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.6.1.1" data-path="../practice/using-glusterfs-for-persistent-storage.html">
<a href="../practice/using-glusterfs-for-persistent-storage.html">
<b>6.6.1.1.</b>
使用 GlusterFS 做持久化存储
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.6.1.2" data-path="../practice/using-heketi-gluster-for-persistent-storage.html">
<a href="../practice/using-heketi-gluster-for-persistent-storage.html">
<b>6.6.1.2.</b>
使用 Heketi 作为 Kubernetes 的持久存储 GlusterFS 的 external provisioner
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.6.1.3" data-path="../practice/storage-for-containers-using-glusterfs-with-openshift.html">
<a href="../practice/storage-for-containers-using-glusterfs-with-openshift.html">
<b>6.6.1.3.</b>
在 OpenShift 中使用 GlusterFS 做持久化存储
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.6.2" data-path="../practice/glusterd-2.0.html">
<a href="../practice/glusterd-2.0.html">
<b>6.6.2.</b>
GlusterD-2.0
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.6.3" data-path="../practice/ceph.html">
<a href="../practice/ceph.html">
<b>6.6.3.</b>
Ceph
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.6.3.1" data-path="../practice/ceph-helm-install-guide-zh.html">
<a href="../practice/ceph-helm-install-guide-zh.html">
<b>6.6.3.1.</b>
用 Helm 托管安装 Ceph 集群并提供后端存储
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.6.3.2" data-path="../practice/using-ceph-for-persistent-storage.html">
<a href="../practice/using-ceph-for-persistent-storage.html">
<b>6.6.3.2.</b>
使用 Ceph 做持久化存储
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.6.3.3" data-path="../practice/rbd-provisioner.html">
<a href="../practice/rbd-provisioner.html">
<b>6.6.3.3.</b>
使用 rbd-provisioner 提供 rbd 持久化存储
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.6.4" data-path="../practice/openebs.html">
<a href="../practice/openebs.html">
<b>6.6.4.</b>
OpenEBS
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.6.4.1" data-path="../practice/using-openebs-for-persistent-storage.html">
<a href="../practice/using-openebs-for-persistent-storage.html">
<b>6.6.4.1.</b>
使用 OpenEBS 做持久化存储
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.6.5" data-path="../practice/rook.html">
<a href="../practice/rook.html">
<b>6.6.5.</b>
Rook
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.6.6" data-path="../practice/nfs.html">
<a href="../practice/nfs.html">
<b>6.6.6.</b>
NFS
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.6.6.1" data-path="../practice/using-nfs-for-persistent-storage.html">
<a href="../practice/using-nfs-for-persistent-storage.html">
<b>6.6.6.1.</b>
利用 NFS 动态提供 Kubernetes 后端存储卷
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.7" data-path="../practice/monitoring.html">
<a href="../practice/monitoring.html">
<b>6.7.</b>
集群与应用监控
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.7.1" data-path="../practice/heapster.html">
<a href="../practice/heapster.html">
<b>6.7.1.</b>
Heapster
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.7.1.1" data-path="../practice/using-heapster-to-get-object-metrics.html">
<a href="../practice/using-heapster-to-get-object-metrics.html">
<b>6.7.1.1.</b>
使用 Heapster 获取集群和对象的 metric 数据
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.7.2" data-path="../practice/prometheus.html">
<a href="../practice/prometheus.html">
<b>6.7.2.</b>
Prometheus
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.7.2.1" data-path="../practice/using-prometheus-to-monitor-kuberentes-cluster.html">
<a href="../practice/using-prometheus-to-monitor-kuberentes-cluster.html">
<b>6.7.2.1.</b>
使用 Prometheus 监控 Kubernetes 集群
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.7.2.2" data-path="../practice/promql.html">
<a href="../practice/promql.html">
<b>6.7.2.2.</b>
Prometheus 查询语言 PromQL 使用说明
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.8" data-path="../practice/distributed-tracing.html">
<a href="../practice/distributed-tracing.html">
<b>6.8.</b>
分布式追踪
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.8.1" data-path="../practice/opentracing.html">
<a href="../practice/opentracing.html">
<b>6.8.1.</b>
OpenTracing
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.9" data-path="../practice/services-management-tool.html">
<a href="../practice/services-management-tool.html">
<b>6.9.</b>
服务编排管理
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.9.1" data-path="../practice/helm.html">
<a href="../practice/helm.html">
<b>6.9.1.</b>
使用 Helm 管理 Kubernetes 应用
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.9.2" data-path="../practice/create-private-charts-repo.html">
<a href="../practice/create-private-charts-repo.html">
<b>6.9.2.</b>
构建私有 Chart 仓库
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.10" data-path="../practice/ci-cd.html">
<a href="../practice/ci-cd.html">
<b>6.10.</b>
持续集成与发布CI/CD
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.10.1" data-path="../practice/jenkins-ci-cd.html">
<a href="../practice/jenkins-ci-cd.html">
<b>6.10.1.</b>
使用 Jenkins 进行持续集成与发布
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.10.2" data-path="../practice/drone-ci-cd.html">
<a href="../practice/drone-ci-cd.html">
<b>6.10.2.</b>
使用 Drone 进行持续集成与发布
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.11" data-path="../practice/update-and-upgrade.html">
<a href="../practice/update-and-upgrade.html">
<b>6.11.</b>
更新与升级
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.11.1" data-path="../practice/manually-upgrade.html">
<a href="../practice/manually-upgrade.html">
<b>6.11.1.</b>
手动升级 Kubernetes 集群
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.11.2" data-path="../practice/dashboard-upgrade.html">
<a href="../practice/dashboard-upgrade.html">
<b>6.11.2.</b>
升级 dashboard
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.12" data-path="../practice/controller-extended.html">
<a href="../practice/controller-extended.html">
<b>6.12.</b>
扩展控制器
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.12.1" data-path="../practice/openkruise.html">
<a href="../practice/openkruise.html">
<b>6.12.1.</b>
OpenKruise
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.12.1.1" data-path="../practice/in-place-update.html">
<a href="../practice/in-place-update.html">
<b>6.12.1.1.</b>
原地升级
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.13" data-path="../practice/security-policy.html">
<a href="../practice/security-policy.html">
<b>6.13.</b>
安全策略
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.13.1" data-path="../practice/open-policy-agent.html">
<a href="../practice/open-policy-agent.html">
<b>6.13.1.</b>
开放策略代理OPA
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.13.2" data-path="../practice/cloud-native-security.html">
<a href="../practice/cloud-native-security.html">
<b>6.13.2.</b>
云原生安全
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="header">服务网格</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.1" data-path="../usecases/service-mesh.html">
<a href="../usecases/service-mesh.html">
<b>7.1.</b>
服务网格Service Mesh
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.2" data-path="../usecases/the-enterprise-path-to-service-mesh-architectures.html">
<a href="../usecases/the-enterprise-path-to-service-mesh-architectures.html">
<b>7.2.</b>
企业级服务网格架构
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.2.1" data-path="../usecases/service-mesh-fundamental.html">
<a href="../usecases/service-mesh-fundamental.html">
<b>7.2.1.</b>
服务网格基础
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.2.2" data-path="../usecases/comparing-service-mesh-technologies.html">
<a href="../usecases/comparing-service-mesh-technologies.html">
<b>7.2.2.</b>
服务网格技术对比
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.2.3" data-path="../usecases/service-mesh-vs-api-gateway.html">
<a href="../usecases/service-mesh-vs-api-gateway.html">
<b>7.2.3.</b>
服务网格对比 API 网关
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.2.4" data-path="../usecases/service-mesh-adoption-and-evolution.html">
<a href="../usecases/service-mesh-adoption-and-evolution.html">
<b>7.2.4.</b>
采纳和演进
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.2.5" data-path="../usecases/service-mesh-customization-and-integration.html">
<a href="../usecases/service-mesh-customization-and-integration.html">
<b>7.2.5.</b>
定制和集成
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.2.6" data-path="../usecases/service-mesh-conclusion.html">
<a href="../usecases/service-mesh-conclusion.html">
<b>7.2.6.</b>
总结
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.3" data-path="../usecases/istio.html">
<a href="../usecases/istio.html">
<b>7.3.</b>
Istio
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.3.1" data-path="../usecases/before-using-istio.html">
<a href="../usecases/before-using-istio.html">
<b>7.3.1.</b>
使用 Istio 前需要考虑的问题
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.3.2" data-path="../usecases/sidecar-pattern.html">
<a href="../usecases/sidecar-pattern.html">
<b>7.3.2.</b>
Sidecar 模式
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.3.3" data-path="../usecases/sidecar-spec-in-istio.html">
<a href="../usecases/sidecar-spec-in-istio.html">
<b>7.3.3.</b>
Istio 中 sidecar 的注入规范
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.3.4" data-path="../usecases/understand-sidecar-injection-and-traffic-hijack-in-istio-service-mesh.html">
<a href="../usecases/understand-sidecar-injection-and-traffic-hijack-in-istio-service-mesh.html">
<b>7.3.4.</b>
Sidecar 的注入与透明流量劫持
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.3.5" data-path="../usecases/istio-traffic-routing.html">
<a href="../usecases/istio-traffic-routing.html">
<b>7.3.5.</b>
Istio 中的流量路由过程详解
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.3.6" data-path="../usecases/how-to-integrate-istio-with-vm.html">
<a href="../usecases/how-to-integrate-istio-with-vm.html">
<b>7.3.6.</b>
Istio 如何支持虚拟机
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.3.7" data-path="../usecases/istio-vm-support.html">
<a href="../usecases/istio-vm-support.html">
<b>7.3.7.</b>
Istio 支持虚拟机的历史
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.3.8" data-path="../usecases/istio-community-tips.html">
<a href="../usecases/istio-community-tips.html">
<b>7.3.8.</b>
如何参与 Istio 社区及注意事项
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.4" data-path="../usecases/envoy.html">
<a href="../usecases/envoy.html">
<b>7.4.</b>
Envoy
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.4.1" data-path="../usecases/envoy-terminology.html">
<a href="../usecases/envoy-terminology.html">
<b>7.4.1.</b>
Envoy 的架构与基本术语
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.4.2" data-path="../usecases/envoy-front-proxy.html">
<a href="../usecases/envoy-front-proxy.html">
<b>7.4.2.</b>
Envoy 作为前端代理
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.4.3" data-path="../usecases/envoy-mesh-in-kubernetes-tutorial.html">
<a href="../usecases/envoy-mesh-in-kubernetes-tutorial.html">
<b>7.4.3.</b>
Envoy mesh 教程
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="header">领域应用</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.1" data-path="../usecases/">
<a href="../usecases/">
<b>8.1.</b>
领域应用概览
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.2" data-path="../usecases/microservices.html">
<a href="../usecases/microservices.html">
<b>8.2.</b>
微服务架构
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.2.1" data-path="../usecases/service-discovery-in-microservices.html">
<a href="../usecases/service-discovery-in-microservices.html">
<b>8.2.1.</b>
微服务中的服务发现
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.2.2" data-path="../usecases/microservices-for-java-developers.html">
<a href="../usecases/microservices-for-java-developers.html">
<b>8.2.2.</b>
使用 Java 构建微服务并发布到 Kubernetes 平台
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.2.2.1" data-path="../usecases/spring-boot-quick-start-guide.html">
<a href="../usecases/spring-boot-quick-start-guide.html">
<b>8.2.2.1.</b>
Spring Boot 快速开始指南
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.3" data-path="../usecases/big-data.html">
<a href="../usecases/big-data.html">
<b>8.3.</b>
大数据
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.3.1" data-path="../usecases/spark-on-kubernetes.html">
<a href="../usecases/spark-on-kubernetes.html">
<b>8.3.1.</b>
Spark 与 Kubernetes
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.3.1.1" data-path="../usecases/spark-standalone-on-kubernetes.html">
<a href="../usecases/spark-standalone-on-kubernetes.html">
<b>8.3.1.1.</b>
Spark standalone on Kubernetes
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.3.1.2" data-path="../usecases/running-spark-with-kubernetes-native-scheduler.html">
<a href="../usecases/running-spark-with-kubernetes-native-scheduler.html">
<b>8.3.1.2.</b>
运行支持 Kubernetes 原生调度的 Spark 程序
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.4" data-path="../usecases/serverless.html">
<a href="../usecases/serverless.html">
<b>8.4.</b>
Serverless 架构
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.4.1" data-path="../usecases/understanding-serverless.html">
<a href="../usecases/understanding-serverless.html">
<b>8.4.1.</b>
理解 Serverless
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.4.2" data-path="../usecases/faas.html">
<a href="../usecases/faas.html">
<b>8.4.2.</b>
FaaS函数即服务
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.4.2.1" data-path="../usecases/openfaas-quick-start.html">
<a href="../usecases/openfaas-quick-start.html">
<b>8.4.2.1.</b>
OpenFaaS 快速入门指南
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.4.3" data-path="../usecases/knative.html">
<a href="../usecases/knative.html">
<b>8.4.3.</b>
Knative
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.5" data-path="../usecases/edge-computing.html">
<a href="../usecases/edge-computing.html">
<b>8.5.</b>
边缘计算
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.6" data-path="../usecases/ai.html">
<a href="../usecases/ai.html">
<b>8.6.</b>
人工智能
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.7" data-path="../usecases/observability.html">
<a href="../usecases/observability.html">
<b>8.7.</b>
可观察性
</a>
</li>
<li class="header">开发指南</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.1" data-path="../develop/">
<a href="../develop/">
<b>9.1.</b>
开发指南概览
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.2" data-path="../develop/sigs-and-working-group.html">
<a href="../develop/sigs-and-working-group.html">
<b>9.2.</b>
SIG 和工作组
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.3" data-path="../develop/developing-environment.html">
<a href="../develop/developing-environment.html">
<b>9.3.</b>
开发环境搭建
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.3.1" data-path="../develop/using-vagrant-and-virtualbox-for-development.html">
<a href="../develop/using-vagrant-and-virtualbox-for-development.html">
<b>9.3.1.</b>
本地分布式开发环境搭建(使用 Vagrant 和 Virtualbox
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.4" data-path="../develop/testing.html">
<a href="../develop/testing.html">
<b>9.4.</b>
单元测试和集成测试
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.5" data-path="../develop/client-go-sample.html">
<a href="../develop/client-go-sample.html">
<b>9.5.</b>
client-go 示例
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.5.1" data-path="../develop/client-go-informer-sourcecode-analyse.html">
<a href="../develop/client-go-informer-sourcecode-analyse.html">
<b>9.5.1.</b>
client-go 中的 informer 源码分析
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.6" data-path="../develop/operator.html">
<a href="../develop/operator.html">
<b>9.6.</b>
Operator
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.6.1" data-path="../develop/operator-sdk.html">
<a href="../develop/operator-sdk.html">
<b>9.6.1.</b>
operator-sdk
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.7" data-path="../develop/kubebuilder.html">
<a href="../develop/kubebuilder.html">
<b>9.7.</b>
kubebuilder
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.7.1" data-path="../develop/kubebuilder-example.html">
<a href="../develop/kubebuilder-example.html">
<b>9.7.1.</b>
使用 kubebuilder 创建 operator 示例
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.8" data-path="../develop/advance-developer.html">
<a href="../develop/advance-developer.html">
<b>9.8.</b>
高级开发指南
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.9" data-path="../develop/contribute.html">
<a href="../develop/contribute.html">
<b>9.9.</b>
社区贡献
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.10" data-path="../develop/minikube.html">
<a href="../develop/minikube.html">
<b>9.10.</b>
Minikube
</a>
</li>
<li class="header">社区及生态</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.1" data-path="../cloud-native/cncf.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/cncf.html">
<b>10.1.</b>
云原生计算基金会CNCF
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.1.1" data-path="../cloud-native/cncf-charter.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/cncf-charter.html">
<b>10.1.1.</b>
CNCF 章程
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.1.2" data-path="../cloud-native/cncf-sig.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/cncf-sig.html">
<b>10.1.2.</b>
CNCF 特别兴趣小组SIG说明
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.1.3" data-path="../cloud-native/cncf-sandbox-criteria.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/cncf-sandbox-criteria.html">
<b>10.1.3.</b>
开源项目加入 CNCF Sandbox 的要求
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.1.4" data-path="../cloud-native/cncf-project-governing.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/cncf-project-governing.html">
<b>10.1.4.</b>
CNCF 中的项目治理
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.1.5" data-path="../cloud-native/cncf-ambassador.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/cncf-ambassador.html">
<b>10.1.5.</b>
CNCF Ambassador
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.2" data-path="../cloud-native/certification.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/certification.html">
<b>10.2.</b>
认证及培训
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.2.1" data-path="../appendix/about-kcsp.html">
<a href="../appendix/about-kcsp.html">
<b>10.2.1.</b>
认证 Kubernetes 服务提供商KCSP说明
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.2.2" data-path="../appendix/about-cka-candidate.html">
<a href="../appendix/about-cka-candidate.html">
<b>10.2.2.</b>
认证 Kubernetes 管理员CKA说明
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="header">附录</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.1" data-path="../appendix/">
<a href="../appendix/">
<b>11.1.</b>
附录说明
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.2" data-path="../appendix/debug-kubernetes-services.html">
<a href="../appendix/debug-kubernetes-services.html">
<b>11.2.</b>
Kubernetes 中的应用故障排查
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.3" data-path="../appendix/material-share.html">
<a href="../appendix/material-share.html">
<b>11.3.</b>
Kubernetes 参考资源
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.4" data-path="../appendix/tricks.html">
<a href="../appendix/tricks.html">
<b>11.4.</b>
Kubernetes 使用技巧
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.5" data-path="../appendix/issues.html">
<a href="../appendix/issues.html">
<b>11.5.</b>
Kubernetes 相关问题记录
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.6" data-path="../appendix/summary-and-outlook.html">
<a href="../appendix/summary-and-outlook.html">
<b>11.6.</b>
Kubernetes 及云原生年度总结及展望
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.6.1" data-path="../appendix/kubernetes-and-cloud-native-summary-in-2017-and-outlook-for-2018.html">
<a href="../appendix/kubernetes-and-cloud-native-summary-in-2017-and-outlook-for-2018.html">
<b>11.6.1.</b>
Kubernetes 与云原生 2017 年年终总结及 2018 年展望
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.6.2" data-path="../appendix/kubernetes-and-cloud-native-summary-in-2018-and-outlook-for-2019.html">
<a href="../appendix/kubernetes-and-cloud-native-summary-in-2018-and-outlook-for-2019.html">
<b>11.6.2.</b>
Kubernetes 与云原生 2018 年年终总结及 2019 年展望
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.7" data-path="../appendix/cncf-annual-report.html">
<a href="../appendix/cncf-annual-report.html">
<b>11.7.</b>
CNCF 年度报告解读
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.7.1" data-path="../appendix/cncf-annual-report-2018.html">
<a href="../appendix/cncf-annual-report-2018.html">
<b>11.7.1.</b>
CNCF 2018 年年度报告解读
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.7.2" data-path="../appendix/cncf-annual-report-2020.html">
<a href="../appendix/cncf-annual-report-2020.html">
<b>11.7.2.</b>
CNCF 2020 年年度报告解读
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.8" data-path="../GLOSSARY.html">
<a href="../GLOSSARY.html">
<b>11.8.</b>
术语表
</a>
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<h1 id="&#x5783;&#x573E;&#x6536;&#x96C6;">&#x5783;&#x573E;&#x6536;&#x96C6;</h1>
<p>Kubernetes &#x5783;&#x573E;&#x6536;&#x96C6;&#x5668;&#x7684;&#x89D2;&#x8272;&#x662F;&#x5220;&#x9664;&#x6307;&#x5B9A;&#x7684;&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x4E9B;&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x66FE;&#x7ECF;&#x6709;&#x4F46;&#x4EE5;&#x540E;&#x4E0D;&#x518D;&#x62E5;&#x6709; Owner &#x4E86;&#x3002;</p>
<p><strong>&#x6CE8;&#x610F;</strong>&#xFF1A;&#x5783;&#x573E;&#x6536;&#x96C6;&#x662F; beta &#x7279;&#x6027;&#xFF0C;&#x5728; Kubernetes 1.4 &#x53CA;&#x4EE5;&#x4E0A;&#x7248;&#x672C;&#x9ED8;&#x8BA4;&#x542F;&#x7528;&#x3002;</p>
<h2 id="owner-&#x548C;-dependent">Owner &#x548C; Dependent</h2>
<p>&#x4E00;&#x4E9B; Kubernetes &#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x662F;&#x5176;&#x5B83;&#x4E00;&#x4E9B;&#x7684; Owner&#x3002;&#x4F8B;&#x5982;&#xFF0C;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A; ReplicaSet &#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x7EC4; Pod &#x7684; Owner&#x3002;&#x5177;&#x6709; Owner &#x7684;&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x88AB;&#x79F0;&#x4E3A;&#x662F; Owner &#x7684; <em>Dependent</em>&#x3002;&#x6BCF;&#x4E2A; Dependent &#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x5177;&#x6709;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x6307;&#x5411;&#x5176;&#x6240;&#x5C5E;&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x7684; <code>metadata.ownerReferences</code> &#x5B57;&#x6BB5;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x6709;&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;Kubernetes &#x4F1A;&#x81EA;&#x52A8;&#x8BBE;&#x7F6E; <code>ownerReference</code> &#x7684;&#x503C;&#x3002;&#x4F8B;&#x5982;&#xFF0C;&#x5F53;&#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A; ReplicaSet &#x65F6;&#xFF0C;Kubernetes &#x81EA;&#x52A8;&#x8BBE;&#x7F6E; ReplicaSet &#x4E2D;&#x6BCF;&#x4E2A; Pod &#x7684; <code>ownerReference</code> &#x5B57;&#x6BB5;&#x503C;&#x3002;&#x5728; 1.6 &#x7248;&#x672C;&#xFF0C;Kubernetes &#x4F1A;&#x81EA;&#x52A8;&#x4E3A;&#x4E00;&#x4E9B;&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x8BBE;&#x7F6E; <code>ownerReference</code> &#x7684;&#x503C;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x4E9B;&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x662F;&#x7531; ReplicationController&#x3001;ReplicaSet&#x3001;StatefulSet&#x3001;DaemonSet &#x548C; Deployment &#x6240;&#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#x6216;&#x7BA1;&#x7406;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x4E5F;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x624B;&#x52A8;&#x8BBE;&#x7F6E; <code>ownerReference</code> &#x7684;&#x503C;&#xFF0C;&#x6765;&#x6307;&#x5B9A; Owner &#x548C; Dependent &#x4E4B;&#x95F4;&#x7684;&#x5173;&#x7CFB;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x8FD9;&#x6709;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;<code>my-repset.yaml</code>&#xFF0C;&#x8868;&#x793A;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5177;&#x6709; 3 &#x4E2A; Pod &#x7684; ReplicaSet&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-yaml"><span class="token comment"># k8s &gt;= 1.16 &#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x4E0B;&#x9762;&#x6CE8;&#x91CA; https://stackoverflow.com/questions/64412740/no-matches-for-kind-replicaset-in-version-extensions-v1beta1/64412990#64412990</span>
<span class="token comment"># apiVersion: apps/v1</span>
<span class="token comment"># k8s &lt; 1.16 &#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x4E0B;&#x9762;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;</span>
<span class="token key atrule">apiVersion</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> extensions/v1beta1
<span class="token key atrule">kind</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> ReplicaSet
<span class="token key atrule">metadata</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token key atrule">name</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> my<span class="token punctuation">-</span>repset
<span class="token key atrule">spec</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token key atrule">replicas</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">3</span>
<span class="token key atrule">selector</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token key atrule">matchLabels</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token key atrule">pod-is-for</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> garbage<span class="token punctuation">-</span>collection<span class="token punctuation">-</span>example
<span class="token key atrule">template</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token key atrule">metadata</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token key atrule">labels</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token key atrule">pod-is-for</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> garbage<span class="token punctuation">-</span>collection<span class="token punctuation">-</span>example
<span class="token key atrule">spec</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token key atrule">containers</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token punctuation">-</span> <span class="token key atrule">name</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> nginx
<span class="token key atrule">image</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> nginx
</code></pre>
<p>&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#x8BE5; ReplicaSet&#xFF0C;&#x7136;&#x540E;&#x67E5;&#x770B; Pod &#x7684; metadata &#x5B57;&#x6BB5;&#xFF0C;&#x80FD;&#x591F;&#x770B;&#x5230; OwnerReferences &#x5B57;&#x6BB5;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-bash">kubectl create -f my-repset.yaml
kubectl get pods --output<span class="token operator">=</span>yaml
</code></pre>
<p>&#x8F93;&#x51FA;&#x663E;&#x793A;&#x4E86; Pod &#x7684; Owner &#x662F;&#x540D;&#x4E3A; my-repset &#x7684; ReplicaSet&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-yaml"><span class="token key atrule">apiVersion</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> v1
<span class="token key atrule">kind</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> Pod
<span class="token key atrule">metadata</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token punctuation">...</span>
<span class="token key atrule">ownerReferences</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token punctuation">-</span> <span class="token key atrule">apiVersion</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> extensions/v1beta1
<span class="token key atrule">controller</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token boolean important">true</span>
<span class="token key atrule">blockOwnerDeletion</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token boolean important">true</span>
<span class="token key atrule">kind</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> ReplicaSet
<span class="token key atrule">name</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> my<span class="token punctuation">-</span>repset
<span class="token key atrule">uid</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> d9607e19<span class="token punctuation">-</span>f88f<span class="token punctuation">-</span>11e6<span class="token punctuation">-</span>a518<span class="token punctuation">-</span>42010a800195
<span class="token punctuation">...</span>
</code></pre>
<h2 id="&#x63A7;&#x5236;&#x5783;&#x573E;&#x6536;&#x96C6;&#x5668;&#x5220;&#x9664;-dependent">&#x63A7;&#x5236;&#x5783;&#x573E;&#x6536;&#x96C6;&#x5668;&#x5220;&#x9664; Dependent</h2>
<p>&#x5F53;&#x5220;&#x9664;&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x6307;&#x5B9A;&#x662F;&#x5426;&#x8BE5;&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x7684; Dependent &#x4E5F;&#x81EA;&#x52A8;&#x5220;&#x9664;&#x6389;&#x3002;&#x81EA;&#x52A8;&#x5220;&#x9664; Dependent &#x4E5F;&#x79F0;&#x4E3A; <em>&#x7EA7;&#x8054;&#x5220;&#x9664;</em>&#x3002;Kubernetes &#x4E2D;&#x6709;&#x4E24;&#x79CD; <em>&#x7EA7;&#x8054;&#x5220;&#x9664;</em> &#x7684;&#x6A21;&#x5F0F;&#xFF1A;<em>background</em> &#x6A21;&#x5F0F;&#x548C; <em>foreground</em> &#x6A21;&#x5F0F;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x5220;&#x9664;&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;&#x4E0D;&#x81EA;&#x52A8;&#x5220;&#x9664;&#x5B83;&#x7684; Dependent&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x4E9B; Dependent &#x88AB;&#x79F0;&#x4F5C;&#x662F;&#x539F;&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x7684; <em>&#x5B64;&#x513F;</em>&#x3002;</p>
<h3 id="background-&#x7EA7;&#x8054;&#x5220;&#x9664;">Background &#x7EA7;&#x8054;&#x5220;&#x9664;</h3>
<p>&#x5728; <em>background &#x7EA7;&#x8054;&#x5220;&#x9664;</em> &#x6A21;&#x5F0F;&#x4E0B;&#xFF0C;Kubernetes &#x4F1A;&#x7ACB;&#x5373;&#x5220;&#x9664; Owner &#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#xFF0C;&#x7136;&#x540E;&#x5783;&#x573E;&#x6536;&#x96C6;&#x5668;&#x4F1A;&#x5728;&#x540E;&#x53F0;&#x5220;&#x9664;&#x8FD9;&#x4E9B; Dependent&#x3002;</p>
<h3 id="foreground-&#x7EA7;&#x8054;&#x5220;&#x9664;">Foreground &#x7EA7;&#x8054;&#x5220;&#x9664;</h3>
<p>&#x5728; <em>foreground &#x7EA7;&#x8054;&#x5220;&#x9664;</em> &#x6A21;&#x5F0F;&#x4E0B;&#xFF0C;&#x6839;&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x9996;&#x5148;&#x8FDB;&#x5165; &#x201C;&#x5220;&#x9664;&#x4E2D;&#x201D; &#x72B6;&#x6001;&#x3002;&#x5728; &#x201C;&#x5220;&#x9664;&#x4E2D;&#x201D; &#x72B6;&#x6001;&#x4F1A;&#x6709;&#x5982;&#x4E0B;&#x7684;&#x60C5;&#x51B5;&#xFF1A;</p>
<ul>
<li>&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x4ECD;&#x7136;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x901A;&#x8FC7; REST API &#x53EF;&#x89C1;</li>
<li>&#x4F1A;&#x8BBE;&#x7F6E;&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x7684; <code>deletionTimestamp</code> &#x5B57;&#x6BB5;</li>
<li>&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x7684; <code>metadata.finalizers</code> &#x5B57;&#x6BB5;&#x5305;&#x542B;&#x4E86;&#x503C; &#x201C;foregroundDeletion&#x201D;</li>
</ul>
<p>&#x4E00;&#x65E6;&#x88AB;&#x8BBE;&#x7F6E;&#x4E3A; &#x201C;&#x5220;&#x9664;&#x4E2D;&#x201D; &#x72B6;&#x6001;&#xFF0C;&#x5783;&#x573E;&#x6536;&#x96C6;&#x5668;&#x4F1A;&#x5220;&#x9664;&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x7684;&#x6240;&#x6709; Dependent&#x3002;&#x5783;&#x573E;&#x6536;&#x96C6;&#x5668;&#x5220;&#x9664;&#x4E86;&#x6240;&#x6709; &#x201C;Blocking&#x201D; &#x7684; Dependent&#xFF08;&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x7684; <code>ownerReference.blockOwnerDeletion=true</code>&#xFF09;&#x4E4B;&#x540E;&#xFF0C;&#x5B83;&#x4F1A;&#x5220;&#x9664; Owner &#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x6CE8;&#x610F;&#xFF0C;&#x5728; &#x201C;foreground &#x5220;&#x9664;&#x201D; &#x6A21;&#x5F0F;&#x4E0B;&#xFF0C;Dependent &#x53EA;&#x6709;&#x901A;&#x8FC7; <code>ownerReference.blockOwnerDeletion</code> &#x624D;&#x80FD;&#x963B;&#x6B62;&#x5220;&#x9664; Owner &#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x3002;&#x5728; Kubernetes 1.7 &#x7248;&#x672C;&#x4E2D;&#x5C06;&#x589E;&#x52A0; admission controller&#xFF0C;&#x57FA;&#x4E8E; Owner &#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x4E0A;&#x7684;&#x5220;&#x9664;&#x6743;&#x9650;&#x6765;&#x63A7;&#x5236;&#x7528;&#x6237;&#x53BB;&#x8BBE;&#x7F6E; <code>blockOwnerDeletion</code> &#x7684;&#x503C;&#x4E3A; true&#xFF0C;&#x6240;&#x4EE5;&#x672A;&#x6388;&#x6743;&#x7684; Dependent &#x4E0D;&#x80FD;&#x591F;&#x5EF6;&#x8FDF; Owner &#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x7684;&#x5220;&#x9664;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x7684;<code>ownerReferences</code> &#x5B57;&#x6BB5;&#x88AB;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A; Controller&#xFF08;&#x4F8B;&#x5982; Deployment &#x6216; ReplicaSet&#xFF09;&#x8BBE;&#x7F6E;&#xFF0C;<code>blockOwnerDeletion</code> &#x4F1A;&#x88AB;&#x81EA;&#x52A8;&#x8BBE;&#x7F6E;&#xFF0C;&#x6CA1;&#x5FC5;&#x8981;&#x624B;&#x52A8;&#x4FEE;&#x6539;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x5B57;&#x6BB5;&#x3002;</p>
<h3 id="&#x8BBE;&#x7F6E;&#x7EA7;&#x8054;&#x5220;&#x9664;&#x7B56;&#x7565;">&#x8BBE;&#x7F6E;&#x7EA7;&#x8054;&#x5220;&#x9664;&#x7B56;&#x7565;</h3>
<p>&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x4E3A; Owner &#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x8BBE;&#x7F6E; <code>deleteOptions.propagationPolicy</code> &#x5B57;&#x6BB5;&#xFF0C;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x63A7;&#x5236;&#x7EA7;&#x8054;&#x5220;&#x9664;&#x7B56;&#x7565;&#x3002;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x7684;&#x53D6;&#x503C;&#x5305;&#x62EC;&#xFF1A;&#x201C;orphan&#x201D;&#x3001;&#x201C;Foreground&#x201D; &#x6216; &#x201C;Background&#x201D;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x5BF9;&#x5F88;&#x591A; Controller &#x8D44;&#x6E90;&#xFF0C;&#x5305;&#x62EC; ReplicationController&#x3001;ReplicaSet&#x3001;StatefulSet&#x3001;DaemonSet &#x548C; Deployment&#xFF0C;&#x9ED8;&#x8BA4;&#x7684;&#x5783;&#x573E;&#x6536;&#x96C6;&#x7B56;&#x7565;&#x662F; <code>orphan</code>&#x3002;&#x56E0;&#x6B64;&#xFF0C;&#x9664;&#x975E;&#x6307;&#x5B9A;&#x5176;&#x5B83;&#x7684;&#x5783;&#x573E;&#x6536;&#x96C6;&#x7B56;&#x7565;&#xFF0C;&#x5426;&#x5219;&#x6240;&#x6709; Dependent &#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x7684;&#x90FD;&#x662F; <code>orphan</code> &#x7B56;&#x7565;&#x3002;</p>
<p><strong>&#x6CE8;&#x610F;</strong>&#xFF1A;&#x672C;&#x6BB5;&#x6240;&#x6307;&#x7684;&#x9ED8;&#x8BA4;&#x503C;&#x662F;&#x6307; REST API &#x7684;&#x9ED8;&#x8BA4;&#x503C;&#xFF0C;&#x5E76;&#x975E; kubectl &#x547D;&#x4EE4;&#x7684;&#x9ED8;&#x8BA4;&#x503C;&#xFF0C;kubectl &#x9ED8;&#x8BA4;&#x4E3A;&#x7EA7;&#x8054;&#x5220;&#x9664;&#xFF0C;&#x540E;&#x9762;&#x4F1A;&#x8BB2;&#x5230;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x4E0B;&#x9762;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5728;&#x540E;&#x53F0;&#x5220;&#x9664; Dependent &#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x7684;&#x4F8B;&#x5B50;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-bash">kubectl proxy --port<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">8080</span>
<span class="token function">curl</span> -X DELETE localhost:8080/apis/extensions/v1beta1/namespaces/default/replicasets/my-repset <span class="token punctuation">\</span>
-d <span class="token string">&apos;{&quot;kind&quot;:&quot;DeleteOptions&quot;,&quot;apiVersion&quot;:&quot;v1&quot;,&quot;propagationPolicy&quot;:&quot;Background&quot;}&apos;</span> <span class="token punctuation">\</span>
-H <span class="token string">&quot;Content-Type: application/json&quot;</span>
</code></pre>
<p>&#x4E0B;&#x9762;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5728;&#x524D;&#x53F0;&#x5220;&#x9664; Dependent &#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x7684;&#x4F8B;&#x5B50;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-bash">kubectl proxy --port<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">8080</span>
<span class="token function">curl</span> -X DELETE localhost:8080/apis/extensions/v1beta1/namespaces/default/replicasets/my-repset <span class="token punctuation">\</span>
-d <span class="token string">&apos;{&quot;kind&quot;:&quot;DeleteOptions&quot;,&quot;apiVersion&quot;:&quot;v1&quot;,&quot;propagationPolicy&quot;:&quot;Foreground&quot;}&apos;</span> <span class="token punctuation">\</span>
-H <span class="token string">&quot;Content-Type: application/json&quot;</span>
</code></pre>
<p>&#x4E0B;&#x9762;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5B64;&#x513F; Dependent &#x7684;&#x4F8B;&#x5B50;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-bash">kubectl proxy --port<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">8080</span>
<span class="token function">curl</span> -X DELETE localhost:8080/apis/extensions/v1beta1/namespaces/default/replicasets/my-repset <span class="token punctuation">\</span>
-d <span class="token string">&apos;{&quot;kind&quot;:&quot;DeleteOptions&quot;,&quot;apiVersion&quot;:&quot;v1&quot;,&quot;propagationPolicy&quot;:&quot;Orphan&quot;}&apos;</span> <span class="token punctuation">\</span>
-H <span class="token string">&quot;Content-Type: application/json&quot;</span>
</code></pre>
<p>kubectl &#x4E5F;&#x652F;&#x6301;&#x7EA7;&#x8054;&#x5220;&#x9664;&#x3002; &#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x8BBE;&#x7F6E; <code>--cascade</code> &#x4E3A; true&#xFF0C;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x4F7F;&#x7528; kubectl &#x81EA;&#x52A8;&#x5220;&#x9664; Dependent &#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x3002;&#x8BBE;&#x7F6E; <code>--cascade</code> &#x4E3A; false&#xFF0C;&#x4F1A;&#x4F7F; Dependent &#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x6210;&#x4E3A;&#x5B64;&#x513F; Dependent &#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x3002;<code>--cascade</code> &#x7684;&#x9ED8;&#x8BA4;&#x503C;&#x662F; true&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x4E0B;&#x9762;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x4F8B;&#x5B50;&#xFF0C;&#x4F7F;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A; ReplicaSet &#x7684; Dependent &#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x6210;&#x4E3A;&#x5B64;&#x513F; Dependent&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-bash">kubectl delete replicaset my-repset --cascade<span class="token operator">=</span>false
</code></pre>
<h2 id="&#x5DF2;&#x77E5;&#x7684;&#x95EE;&#x9898;">&#x5DF2;&#x77E5;&#x7684;&#x95EE;&#x9898;</h2>
<ul>
<li>1.7 &#x7248;&#x672C;&#xFF0C;&#x5783;&#x573E;&#x6536;&#x96C6;&#x4E0D;&#x652F;&#x6301; <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/api-extension/custom-resources/" target="_blank">&#x81EA;&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;&#x8D44;&#x6E90;</a>&#xFF0C;&#x6BD4;&#x5982;&#x90A3;&#x4E9B;&#x901A;&#x8FC7; CustomResourceDefinition &#x65B0;&#x589E;&#xFF0C;&#x6216;&#x8005;&#x901A;&#x8FC7; API server &#x805A;&#x96C6;&#x800C;&#x6210;&#x7684;&#x8D44;&#x6E90;&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x3002;</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/issues/26120" target="_blank">&#x5176;&#x5B83;&#x5DF2;&#x77E5;&#x7684;&#x95EE;&#x9898;</a>&#x3002;</li>
</ul>
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