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序言
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1. Kubernetes与云原生应用概览
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2. 概念原理
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2.1 设计理念
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2.2 Objects
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2.2.1 Pod
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2.2.1.1 Pod解析
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2.2.1.2 Init容器
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2.2.1.3 Pod安全策略
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2.2.1.4 Pod的生命周期
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2.2.2 Node
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2.2.3 Namespace
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2.2.4 Service
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2.2.5 Volume和Persistent Volume
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2.2.6 Deployment
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2.2.7 Secret
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2.2.8 StatefulSet
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2.2.9 DaemonSet
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2.2.10 ServiceAccount
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2.2.11 ReplicationController和ReplicaSet
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2.2.12 Job
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2.2.13 CronJob
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2.2.14 Ingress
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2.2.15 ConfigMap
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2.2.15.1 ConfigMap的热更新
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2.2.16 Horizontal Pod Autoscaling
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2.2.17 Label
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2.2.18 垃圾收集
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2.2.19 NetworkPolicy
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2.2.20 Annotation
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3. 用户指南
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3.1 资源对象配置
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3.1.1 配置Pod的liveness和readiness探针
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3.1.2 配置Pod的Service Account
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3.1.3 Secret配置
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3.2.3 管理namespace中的资源配额
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3.2 命令使用
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3.2.1 docker用户过度到kubectl命令行指南
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3.2.2 kubectl命令概览
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3.2.3 kubectl命令技巧大全
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3.3 集群安全性管理
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3.3.1 管理集群中的TLS
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3.3.2 kubelet的认证授权
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3.3.3 TLS bootstrap
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3.3.4 创建用户认证授权的kubeconfig文件
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3.3.5 RBAC——基于角色的访问控制
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3.3.6 IP伪装代理
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3.3.7 使用kubeconfig或token进行用户身份认证
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3.4 访问 Kubernetes 集群
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3.4.1 访问集群
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3.4.2 使用 kubeconfig 文件配置跨集群认证
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3.4.3 通过端口转发访问集群中的应用程序
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3.4.4 使用 service 访问群集中的应用程序
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3.5 在kubernetes中开发部署应用
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3.5.1 适用于kubernetes的应用开发部署流程
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3.5.2 迁移传统应用到kubernetes中——以Hadoop YARN为例
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3.5.3 使用StatefulSet部署用状态应用
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4. 最佳实践
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4.1 在CentOS上部署kubernetes1.6集群
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4.1.1 创建TLS证书和秘钥
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4.1.2 创建kubeconfig文件
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4.1.3 创建高可用etcd集群
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4.1.4 安装kubectl命令行工具
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4.1.5 部署master节点
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4.1.6 部署node节点
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4.1.7 安装kubedns插件
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4.1.8 安装dashboard插件
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4.1.9 安装heapster插件
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4.1.10 安装EFK插件
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4.2 服务发现与负载均衡
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4.2.1 安装Traefik ingress
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4.2.2 分布式负载测试
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4.2.3 网络和集群性能测试
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4.2.4 边缘节点配置
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4.2.5 安装Nginx ingress
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4.3 运维管理
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4.3.1 服务滚动升级
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4.3.2 应用日志收集
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4.3.3 配置最佳实践
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4.3.4 集群及应用监控
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4.3.6 数据持久化问题
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4.3.7 管理容器的计算资源
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4.4 存储管理
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4.4.1 GlusterFS
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4.4.1.1 使用GlusterFS做持久化存储
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4.4.1.2 在OpenShift中使用GlusterFS做持久化存储
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4.4.2 CephFS
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4.4.2.1 使用Ceph做持久化存储
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4.5 集群与应用监控
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4.5.1 Heapster
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4.5.1.1 使用Heapster获取集群和对象的metric数据
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4.5.2 Prometheus
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4.5.2.1 使用Prometheus监控kubernetes集群
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4.6 服务编排管理
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4.6.1 使用Helm管理kubernetes应用
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4.6.2 构建私有Chart仓库
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4.7 持续集成与发布
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4.7.1 使用Jenkins进行持续集成与发布
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4.7.2 使用Drone进行持续集成与发布
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4.8 更新与升级
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4.8.1 手动升级kubernetes集群
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4.8.2 升级dashboard
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5. 领域应用
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5.1 微服务架构
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5.1.1 微服务中的服务发现
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5.2 Service Mesh 服务网格
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5.1.1 Istio
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5.1.1.1 安装并试用Istio service mesh
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5.1.1.2 配置请求的路由规则
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5.1.1.3 安装和拓展Istio service mesh
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5.1.1.4 集成虚拟机
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5.1.2 Linkerd
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5.1.2.1 Linkerd 使用指南
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5.2.1 Spark standalone on Kubernetes
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5.2.2 运行支持kubernetes原生调度的Spark程序
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5.3 Serverless架构
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6.2 单元测试和集成测试
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6.3 client-go示例
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6.4 社区贡献
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7. 附录
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7.1 Docker最佳实践
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< h2 id = "1-在容器中获取-pod-的ip" > 1. 在 容 器 中 获 取 Pod 的 IP< / h2 >
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< p > 通 过 环 境 变 量 来 实 现 ， 该 环 境 变 量 直 接 引 用 resource 的 状 态 字 段 ， 示 例 如 下 ： < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-Yaml" > < span class = "hljs-attr" > apiVersion:< / span > v1
< span class = "hljs-attr" > kind:< / span > ReplicationController
< span class = "hljs-attr" > metadata:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > name:< / span > world-v2
< span class = "hljs-attr" > spec:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > replicas:< / span > < span class = "hljs-number" > 3< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > selector:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > app:< / span > world-v2
< span class = "hljs-attr" > template:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > metadata:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > labels:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > app:< / span > world-v2
< span class = "hljs-attr" > spec:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > containers:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > - name:< / span > service
< span class = "hljs-attr" > image:< / span > test
< span class = "hljs-attr" > env:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > - name:< / span > POD_IP
< span class = "hljs-attr" > valueFrom:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > fieldRef:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > fieldPath:< / span > status.podIP
< span class = "hljs-attr" > ports:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > - name:< / span > service
< span class = "hljs-attr" > containerPort:< / span > < span class = "hljs-number" > 777< / span >
< / code > < / pre >
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< p > 容 器 中 可 以 直 接 使 用 < code > POD_IP< / code > 环 境 变 量 获 取 容 器 的 IP。 < / p >
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< h2 id = "2-指定容器的启动参数" > 2. 指 定 容 器 的 启 动 参 数 < / h2 >
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< p > 我 们 可 以 在 Pod 中 为 容 器 使 用 command 为 容 器 指 定 启 动 参 数 ： < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-Bash" > < span class = "hljs-built_in" > command< / span > : [< span class = "hljs-string" > " /bin/bash" < / span > ,< span class = "hljs-string" > " -c" < / span > ,< span class = "hljs-string" > " bootstrap.sh" < / span > ]
< / code > < / pre >
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< p > 看 似 很 简 单 ， 使 用 数 组 的 方 式 定 义 ， 所 有 命 令 使 用 跟 Dockerfile 中 的 CMD 配 置 是 一 样 的 ， 但 是 有 一 点 不 同 的 是 ， < code > bootsttap.sh< / code > 必 须 具 有 可 执 行 权 限 ， 否 则 容 器 启 动 时 会 出 错 。 < / p >
< h2 id = "3-让pod调用宿主机的docker能力" > 3. 让 Pod调 用 宿 主 机 的 docker能 力 < / h2 >
< p > 我 们 可 以 想 象 一 下 这 样 的 场 景 ， 让 Pod 来 调 用 宿 主 机 的 docker 能 力 ， 只 需 要 将 宿 主 机 的 < code > docker< / code > 命 令 和 < code > docker.sock< / code > 文 件 挂 载 到 Pod 里 面 即 可 ， 如 下 ： < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-Yaml" > < span class = "hljs-attr" > apiVersion:< / span > v1
< span class = "hljs-attr" > kind:< / span > Pod
< span class = "hljs-attr" > metadata:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > name:< / span > busybox-cloudbomb
< span class = "hljs-attr" > spec:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > containers:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > - image:< / span > busybox
< span class = "hljs-attr" > command:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-bullet" > -< / span > /bin/sh
< span class = "hljs-bullet" > -< / span > < span class = "hljs-string" > " -c" < / span >
< span class = "hljs-bullet" > -< / span > < span class = "hljs-string" > " while true; \
do \
docker run -d --name BOOM_$(cat /dev/urandom | tr -cd ' a-f0-9' | head -c 6) nginx ; \
done" < / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > name:< / span > cloudbomb
< span class = "hljs-attr" > volumeMounts:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > - mountPath:< / span > /var/run/docker.sock
< span class = "hljs-attr" > name:< / span > docker-socket
< span class = "hljs-attr" > - mountPath:< / span > /bin/docker
< span class = "hljs-attr" > name:< / span > docker-binary
< span class = "hljs-attr" > volumes:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > - name:< / span > docker-socket
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< span class = "hljs-attr" > path:< / span > /var/run/docker.sock
< span class = "hljs-attr" > - name:< / span > docker-binary
< span class = "hljs-attr" > hostPath:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > path:< / span > /bin/docker
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 参 考 ： < a href = "https://www.infoq.com/presentations/patterns-microservices-kubernetes" target = "_blank" > Architecture Patterns for Microservices in Kubernetes< / a > < / p >
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< h2 id = "4-使用init-container初始化应用配置" > 4. 使 用 Init container初 始 化 应 用 配 置 < / h2 >
< p > Init container可 以 在 应 用 程 序 的 容 器 启 动 前 先 按 顺 序 执 行 一 批 初 始 化 容 器 ， 只 有 所 有 Init容 器 都 启 动 成 功 后 ， Pod才 算 启 动 成 功 。 看 下 下 面 这 个 例 子 （ 来 源 ： < a href = "https://stackoverflow.com/questions/44109308/kubernetes-mounting-volume-from-within-init-container" target = "_blank" > kubernetes: mounting volume from within init container - Stack Overflow< / a > ） ： < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-yaml" > < span class = "hljs-attr" > apiVersion:< / span > v1
< span class = "hljs-attr" > kind:< / span > Pod
< span class = "hljs-attr" > metadata:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > name:< / span > init
< span class = "hljs-attr" > labels:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > app:< / span > init
< span class = "hljs-attr" > annotations:< / span >
pod.beta.kubernetes.io/init-containers: < span class = "hljs-string" > ' [
{
" name" : " download" ,
" image" : " axeclbr/git" ,
" command" : [
" git" ,
" clone" ,
" https://github.com/mdn/beginner-html-site-scripted" ,
" /var/lib/data"
],
" volumeMounts" : [
{
" mountPath" : " /var/lib/data" ,
" name" : " git"
}
]
}
]' < / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > spec:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > containers:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > - name:< / span > run
< span class = "hljs-attr" > image:< / span > docker.io/centos/httpd
< span class = "hljs-attr" > ports:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > - containerPort:< / span > < span class = "hljs-number" > 80< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > volumeMounts:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > - mountPath:< / span > /var/www/html
< span class = "hljs-attr" > name:< / span > git
< span class = "hljs-attr" > volumes:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > - emptyDir:< / span > {}
< span class = "hljs-attr" > name:< / span > git
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 这 个 例 子 就 是 用 来 再 应 用 程 序 启 动 前 首 先 从 GitHub中 拉 取 代 码 并 存 储 到 共 享 目 录 下 。 < / p >
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< p > 关 于 Init容 器 的 更 详 细 说 明 请 参 考 < a href = "../concepts/init-containers.html" > init容 器 < / a > 。 < / p >
< h2 id = "5-使容器内时间与宿主机同步" > 5. 使 容 器 内 时 间 与 宿 主 机 同 步 < / h2 >
< p > 我 们 下 载 的 很 多 容 器 内 的 时 区 都 是 格 林 尼 治 时 间 ， 与 北 京 时 间 差 8小 时 ， 这 将 导 致 容 器 内 的 日 志 和 文 件 创 建 时 间 与 实 际 时 区 不 符 ， 有 两 种 方 式 解 决 这 个 问 题 ： < / p >
< ul >
< li > 修 改 镜 像 中 的 时 区 配 置 文 件 < / li >
< li > 将 宿 主 机 的 时 区 配 置 文 件 < code > /etc/localtime< / code > 使 用 volume方 式 挂 载 到 容 器 中 < / li >
< / ul >
< p > 第 二 种 方 式 比 较 简 单 ， 不 需 要 重 做 镜 像 ， 只 要 在 应 用 的 yaml文 件 中 增 加 如 下 配 置 ： < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-yaml" > < span class = "hljs-attr" > volumeMounts:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > - name:< / span > host-time
< span class = "hljs-attr" > mountPath:< / span > /etc/localtime
< span class = "hljs-attr" > readOnly:< / span > < span class = "hljs-literal" > true< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > volumes:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > - name:< / span > host-time
< span class = "hljs-attr" > hostPath:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > path:< / span > /etc/localtime
< / code > < / pre >
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< script src = "../gitbook/gitbook.js" > < / script >
< script src = "../gitbook/theme.js" > < / script >
< script src = "../gitbook/gitbook-plugin-github/plugin.js" > < / script >
< script src = "../gitbook/gitbook-plugin-splitter/splitter.js" > < / script >
< script src = "../gitbook/gitbook-plugin-page-toc-button/plugin.js" > < / script >
< script src = "../gitbook/gitbook-plugin-editlink/plugin.js" > < / script >
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< script src = "../gitbook/gitbook-plugin-back-to-top-button/plugin.js" > < / script >
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< script src = "../gitbook/gitbook-plugin-search-plus/jquery.mark.min.js" > < / script >
< script src = "../gitbook/gitbook-plugin-search-plus/search.js" > < / script >
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< script src = "../gitbook/gitbook-plugin-github-buttons/plugin.js" > < / script >
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< script src = "../gitbook/gitbook-plugin-3-ba/plugin.js" > < / script >
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< script src = "../gitbook/gitbook-plugin-sharing/buttons.js" > < / script >
< script src = "../gitbook/gitbook-plugin-fontsettings/fontsettings.js" > < / script >
< / body >
< / html >
