2018-10-24 20:31:34 +08:00
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# OpenTracing
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[OpenTracing](https://opentracing.io/) 是 CNCF 提出的分布式追踪的标准，它提供用厂商中立的 API，并提供 Go、Java、JavaScript、Python、Ruby、PHP、Objective-C、C++ 和 C# 这九种语言的库。
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目前支持 Tracer 包括 Zipkin、Skywalking、Jaeger 等，支持的框架包括 gRPC、MOTAN、django、Flask、Sharding-JDBC 等，详见 [OpenTracing 官网](https://opentracing.io/)。
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Jaeger 是遵循 OpenTracing 的一种实现。
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关于 OpenTracing 的详细约定请参考：
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- [OpenTracing 语义规范（Semantic Specification）](https://github.com/opentracing/specification/blob/master/specification.md)
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- [OpenTracing 语义约定（Semantic Conventions）](https://github.com/opentracing/specification/blob/master/semantic_conventions.md)
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## 基本术语
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如下是 OpenTracing 中定义的基本术语。
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**Trace**
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Trace 通常指一次完整的调用链。如上文中的 Jaeger UI 截图就是 Istio 官方提供的 [Bookinfo 示例](https://istio.io/zh/docs/examples/bookinfo/) 的追踪中对 `productpage` 的调用链分析。
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**Span**
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每个 trace 都由一系列 Span 组成，一个 span 可以理解为两个微服务之间的调用，如同 Chrome 检查器中查看网络访问瀑布一样。
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2019-01-29 16:13:13 +08:00
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2018-10-24 20:31:34 +08:00
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根据 OpenTracing 的规格约定，每个 Span 都要包含以下状态：
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- **操作名称**：可以是访问的一个 URL。必填。例如 `localhost:8808/`。
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- **起/止时间戳**：也可以使用起始时间和持续时间来表示。必填。例如 `1540273832696773`。
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- **Tags**：一组键值对集合，[Semantic Conventions](https://github.com/opentracing/specification/blob/master/semantic_conventions.md) 有一些常用约定。必填。例如 `http.protocol`。
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- **Logs**：一组键值对集合，用于记录调用日志。可选填。
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- **SpanContext**：在进程间通信时携带的 span 信息，指整个 trace。
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**示例**
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下面是 Jaeger 收集的来自 [Bookinfo 示例](https://istio.io/zh/docs/examples/bookinfo/) 中的 `productpage` 的调用链追踪数据。
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```json
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{
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"data": [
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{
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"traceID": "aaccbe962478cf93",
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"spans": [
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{
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"traceID": "aaccbe962478cf93",
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"spanID": "fa36a9cbd60b4ae5",
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"operationName": "details.default.svc.cluster.local:9080/*",
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"references": [
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{
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"refType": "CHILD_OF",
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"traceID": "aaccbe962478cf93",
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"spanID": "2"
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}
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],
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"startTime": 1540273832696773,
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"duration": 8171,
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"tags": [
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{
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"key": "component",
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"type": "string",
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"value": "proxy"
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},
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{
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"key": "node_id",
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"type": "string",
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"value": "sidecar~172.33.5.11~productpage-v1-8584c875d8-4jgwg.default~default.svc.cluster.local"
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}
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...
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],
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"logs": [],
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"processID": "p1",
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"warnings": null
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},
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...
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],
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"processes": {
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"p1": {
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"serviceName": "productpage",
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"tags": [
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{
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"key": "ip",
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"type": "string",
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"value": "172.33.5.11"
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}
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]
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},
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...
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},
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"warnings": null
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}
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],
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"total": 0,
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"limit": 0,
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"offset": 0,
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"errors": null
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}
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```
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在开发应用时需要使用兼容 OpenTracing API 的 Tracing 实现库，例如 [Jaeger](https://www.jaegertracing.io) 来实现自动的分布式追踪。参考[在 Istio 中使用分布式追踪](https://istio.io/zh/docs/tasks/telemetry/distributed-tracing/)。
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## 参考
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- [OpenTracing 官方网站](https://opentracing.io/)
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- [OpenTracing 语义规范（Semantic Specification）](https://github.com/opentracing/specification/blob/master/specification.md)
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- [OpenTracing 语义约定（Semantic Conventions）](https://github.com/opentracing/specification/blob/master/semantic_conventions.md)
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- [开放分布式追踪（OpenTracing）入门与 Jaeger 实现](https://yq.aliyun.com/articles/514488#19)
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