2020-06-19 14:52:56 +08:00
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< a href = "https://jimmysong.io" target = "_blank" class = "custom-link" > 回到主页< / a >
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< a href = "https://jimmysong.io/awesome-cloud-native" target = "_blank" class = "custom-link" > Awesome Cloud Native< / a >
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< a href = "https://cloudnative.to" target = "_blank" class = "custom-link" > 云原生社区< / a >
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< a href = "https://jimmysong.io/guide-to-cloud-native-app/" target = "_blank" class = "custom-link" > 云原生应用白皮书< / a >
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< li class = "header" > 前言< / li >
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< b > 1.1.< / b >
序言
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< li class = "header" > 云原生< / li >
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< b > 2.1.< / b >
云原生（ ）
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< b > 2.2.< / b >
云原生的设计哲学
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "2.3" data-path = "../cloud-native/play-with-kubernetes.html" >
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< b > 2.3.< / b >
Play with Kubernetes
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "2.4" data-path = "../cloud-native/cloud-native-local-quick-start.html" >
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< b > 2.4.< / b >
快速部署一个云原生本地实验环境
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "2.5" data-path = "../cloud-native/setup-kubernetes-with-rancher-and-aliyun.html" >
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< b > 2.5.< / b >
使用 Rancher 在阿里云上部署 Kubenretes 集群
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "2.6" data-path = "../cloud-native/kubernetes-and-cloud-native-app-overview.html" >
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< b > 2.6.< / b >
Kubernetes 与云原生应用概览
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "2.7" data-path = "../cloud-native/from-kubernetes-to-cloud-native.html" >
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< b > 2.7.< / b >
云原生应用之路 —— 从 Kubernetes 到 Cloud Native
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "2.8" data-path = "../cloud-native/cloud-native-programming-languages.html" >
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< b > 2.8.< / b >
云原生编程语言
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< b > 2.8.1.< / b >
云原生编程语言 Ballerina
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "2.8.2" data-path = "../cloud-native/cloud-native-programming-language-pulumi.html" >
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< b > 2.8.2.< / b >
云原生编程语言 Pulumi
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "2.9" data-path = "../cloud-native/the-future-of-cloud-native.html" >
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< b > 2.9.< / b >
云原生的未来
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< b > 2.10.< / b >
定义云原生应用
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< b > 2.10.1.< / b >
Workload
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< b > 2.10.2.< / b >
Component
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< b > 2.10.3.< / b >
Trait
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< b > 2.10.4.< / b >
Application Scope
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< b > 2.10.5.< / b >
Application Configuration
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< li class = "header" > 概念与原理< / li >
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< b > 3.1.< / b >
Kubernetes 架构
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< b > 3.1.1.< / b >
设计理念
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< b > 3.1.2.< / b >
Etcd 解析
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< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.1.3" data-path = "open-interfaces.html" >
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< b > 3.1.3.< / b >
开放接口
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< b > 3.1.3.1.< / b >
CRI - Container Runtime Interface（ ）
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< b > 3.1.3.2.< / b >
CNI - Container Network Interface（ ）
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< b > 3.1.3.3.< / b >
CSI - Container Storage Interface（ ）
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.2" data-path = "networking.html" >
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< b > 3.2.< / b >
Kubernetes 中的网络
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< b > 3.2.1.< / b >
Kubernetes 中的网络解析 —— 以 flannel 为例
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.2.2" data-path = "calico.html" >
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< b > 3.2.2.< / b >
Kubernetes 中的网络解析 —— 以 calico 为例
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.2.3" data-path = "cilium.html" >
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< b > 3.2.3.< / b >
具备 API 感知的网络和安全性管理开源软件 Cilium
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.2.3.1" data-path = "cilium-concepts.html" >
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< b > 3.2.3.1.< / b >
Cilium 架构设计与概念解析
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< b > 3.3.< / b >
资源对象与基本概念解析
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.4" data-path = "pod-state-and-lifecycle.html" >
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< b > 3.4.< / b >
Pod 状态与生命周期管理
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.4.1" data-path = "pod-overview.html" >
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< b > 3.4.1.< / b >
Pod 概览
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.4.2" data-path = "pod.html" >
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< b > 3.4.2.< / b >
Pod 解析
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< b > 3.4.3.< / b >
Init 容器
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< b > 3.4.4.< / b >
Pause 容器
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< a href = "pod-security-policy.html" >
< b > 3.4.5.< / b >
Pod 安全策略
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.4.6" data-path = "pod-lifecycle.html" >
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< b > 3.4.6.< / b >
Pod 的生命周期
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.4.7" data-path = "pod-hook.html" >
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< b > 3.4.7.< / b >
Pod Hook
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< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.4.8" data-path = "pod-preset.html" >
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< b > 3.4.8.< / b >
Pod Preset
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< li class = "chapter active" data-level = "3.4.9" data-path = "pod-disruption-budget.html" >
< a href = "pod-disruption-budget.html" >
< b > 3.4.9.< / b >
Pod 中断与 PDB（
< / a >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.5" data-path = "cluster.html" >
< a href = "cluster.html" >
< b > 3.5.< / b >
集群资源管理
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.5.1" data-path = "node.html" >
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< b > 3.5.1.< / b >
Node
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< a href = "namespace.html" >
< b > 3.5.2.< / b >
Namespace
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< b > 3.5.3.< / b >
Label
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.5.4" data-path = "annotation.html" >
< a href = "annotation.html" >
< b > 3.5.4.< / b >
Annotation
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.5.5" data-path = "taint-and-toleration.html" >
< a href = "taint-and-toleration.html" >
< b > 3.5.5.< / b >
Taint 和 Toleration（ ）
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.5.6" data-path = "garbage-collection.html" >
< a href = "garbage-collection.html" >
< b > 3.5.6.< / b >
垃圾收集
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.6" data-path = "controllers.html" >
< a href = "controllers.html" >
< b > 3.6.< / b >
控制器
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.6.1" data-path = "deployment.html" >
< a href = "deployment.html" >
< b > 3.6.1.< / b >
Deployment
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< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.6.2" data-path = "statefulset.html" >
< a href = "statefulset.html" >
< b > 3.6.2.< / b >
StatefulSet
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.6.3" data-path = "daemonset.html" >
< a href = "daemonset.html" >
< b > 3.6.3.< / b >
DaemonSet
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< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.6.4" data-path = "replicaset.html" >
< a href = "replicaset.html" >
< b > 3.6.4.< / b >
ReplicationController 和 ReplicaSet
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.6.5" data-path = "job.html" >
< a href = "job.html" >
< b > 3.6.5.< / b >
Job
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< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.6.6" data-path = "cronjob.html" >
< a href = "cronjob.html" >
< b > 3.6.6.< / b >
CronJob
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< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.6.7" data-path = "horizontal-pod-autoscaling.html" >
< a href = "horizontal-pod-autoscaling.html" >
< b > 3.6.7.< / b >
Horizontal Pod Autoscaling
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.6.7.1" data-path = "custom-metrics-hpa.html" >
< a href = "custom-metrics-hpa.html" >
< b > 3.6.7.1.< / b >
自定义指标 HPA
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< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.6.8" data-path = "admission-controller.html" >
< a href = "admission-controller.html" >
< b > 3.6.8.< / b >
准入控制器（ ）
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.7" data-path = "service-discovery.html" >
< a href = "service-discovery.html" >
< b > 3.7.< / b >
服务发现
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.7.1" data-path = "service.html" >
< a href = "service.html" >
< b > 3.7.1.< / b >
Service
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.7.2" data-path = "ingress.html" >
< a href = "ingress.html" >
< b > 3.7.2.< / b >
Ingress
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.7.2.1" data-path = "traefik-ingress-controller.html" >
< a href = "traefik-ingress-controller.html" >
< b > 3.7.2.1.< / b >
Traefik Ingress Controller
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< / ul >
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< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.8" data-path = "authentication-and-permission.html" >
< a href = "authentication-and-permission.html" >
< b > 3.8.< / b >
身份与权限控制
< / a >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.8.1" data-path = "serviceaccount.html" >
< a href = "serviceaccount.html" >
< b > 3.8.1.< / b >
ServiceAccount
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.8.2" data-path = "rbac.html" >
< a href = "rbac.html" >
< b > 3.8.2.< / b >
RBAC—— 基于角色的访问控制
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.8.3" data-path = "network-policy.html" >
< a href = "network-policy.html" >
< b > 3.8.3.< / b >
NetworkPolicy
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.9" data-path = "storage.html" >
< a href = "storage.html" >
< b > 3.9.< / b >
存储
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< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.9.1" data-path = "secret.html" >
< a href = "secret.html" >
< b > 3.9.1.< / b >
Secret
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< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.9.2" data-path = "configmap.html" >
< a href = "configmap.html" >
< b > 3.9.2.< / b >
ConfigMap
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< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.9.2.1" data-path = "configmap-hot-update.html" >
< a href = "configmap-hot-update.html" >
< b > 3.9.2.1.< / b >
ConfigMap 的热更新
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.9.3" data-path = "volume.html" >
< a href = "volume.html" >
< b > 3.9.3.< / b >
Volume
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< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.9.4" data-path = "persistent-volume.html" >
< a href = "persistent-volume.html" >
< b > 3.9.4.< / b >
Persistent Volume（ ）
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.9.5" data-path = "storageclass.html" >
< a href = "storageclass.html" >
< b > 3.9.5.< / b >
Storage Class
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< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.9.6" data-path = "local-persistent-storage.html" >
< a href = "local-persistent-storage.html" >
< b > 3.9.6.< / b >
本地持久化存储
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.10" data-path = "extension.html" >
< a href = "extension.html" >
< b > 3.10.< / b >
集群扩展
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.10.1" data-path = "custom-resource.html" >
< a href = "custom-resource.html" >
< b > 3.10.1.< / b >
使用自定义资源扩展 API
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< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.10.2" data-path = "crd.html" >
< a href = "crd.html" >
< b > 3.10.2.< / b >
使用 CRD 扩展 Kubernetes API
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< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.10.3" data-path = "aggregated-api-server.html" >
< a href = "aggregated-api-server.html" >
< b > 3.10.3.< / b >
Aggregated API Server
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< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.10.4" data-path = "apiservice.html" >
< a href = "apiservice.html" >
< b > 3.10.4.< / b >
APIService
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.10.5" data-path = "service-catalog.html" >
< a href = "service-catalog.html" >
< b > 3.10.5.< / b >
Service Catalog
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.11" data-path = "scheduling.html" >
< a href = "scheduling.html" >
< b > 3.11.< / b >
资源调度
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.11.1" data-path = "qos.html" >
< a href = "qos.html" >
< b > 3.11.1.< / b >
QoS（ ）
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "header" > 用户指南< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.1" data-path = "../guide/" >
< a href = "../guide/" >
< b > 4.1.< / b >
用户指南
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.2" data-path = "../guide/resource-configuration.html" >
< a href = "../guide/resource-configuration.html" >
< b > 4.2.< / b >
资源对象配置
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.2.1" data-path = "../guide/configure-liveness-readiness-probes.html" >
< a href = "../guide/configure-liveness-readiness-probes.html" >
< b > 4.2.1.< / b >
配置 Pod 的 liveness 和 readiness 探针
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.2.2" data-path = "../guide/configure-pod-service-account.html" >
< a href = "../guide/configure-pod-service-account.html" >
< b > 4.2.2.< / b >
配置 Pod 的 Service Account
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.2.3" data-path = "../guide/secret-configuration.html" >
< a href = "../guide/secret-configuration.html" >
< b > 4.2.3.< / b >
Secret 配置
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.2.4" data-path = "../guide/resource-quota-management.html" >
< a href = "../guide/resource-quota-management.html" >
< b > 4.2.4.< / b >
管理 namespace 中的资源配额
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.3" data-path = "../guide/command-usage.html" >
< a href = "../guide/command-usage.html" >
< b > 4.3.< / b >
命令使用
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.3.1" data-path = "../guide/docker-cli-to-kubectl.html" >
< a href = "../guide/docker-cli-to-kubectl.html" >
< b > 4.3.1.< / b >
Docker 用户过渡到 kubectl 命令行指南
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.3.2" data-path = "../guide/using-kubectl.html" >
< a href = "../guide/using-kubectl.html" >
< b > 4.3.2.< / b >
kubectl 命令概览
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.3.3" data-path = "../guide/kubectl-cheatsheet.html" >
< a href = "../guide/kubectl-cheatsheet.html" >
< b > 4.3.3.< / b >
kubectl 命令技巧大全
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.3.4" data-path = "../guide/using-etcdctl-to-access-kubernetes-data.html" >
< a href = "../guide/using-etcdctl-to-access-kubernetes-data.html" >
< b > 4.3.4.< / b >
使用 etcdctl 访问 kubernetes 数据
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.4" data-path = "../guide/cluster-security-management.html" >
< a href = "../guide/cluster-security-management.html" >
< b > 4.4.< / b >
集群安全性管理
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.4.1" data-path = "../guide/managing-tls-in-a-cluster.html" >
< a href = "../guide/managing-tls-in-a-cluster.html" >
< b > 4.4.1.< / b >
管理集群中的 TLS
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.4.2" data-path = "../guide/kubelet-authentication-authorization.html" >
< a href = "../guide/kubelet-authentication-authorization.html" >
< b > 4.4.2.< / b >
kubelet 的认证授权
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.4.3" data-path = "../guide/tls-bootstrapping.html" >
< a href = "../guide/tls-bootstrapping.html" >
< b > 4.4.3.< / b >
TLS bootstrap
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.4.4" data-path = "../guide/kubectl-user-authentication-authorization.html" >
< a href = "../guide/kubectl-user-authentication-authorization.html" >
< b > 4.4.4.< / b >
创建用户认证授权的 kubeconfig 文件
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.4.5" data-path = "../guide/ip-masq-agent.html" >
< a href = "../guide/ip-masq-agent.html" >
< b > 4.4.5.< / b >
IP 伪装代理
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.4.6" data-path = "../guide/auth-with-kubeconfig-or-token.html" >
< a href = "../guide/auth-with-kubeconfig-or-token.html" >
< b > 4.4.6.< / b >
使用 kubeconfig 或 token 进行用户身份认证
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.4.7" data-path = "../guide/authentication.html" >
< a href = "../guide/authentication.html" >
< b > 4.4.7.< / b >
Kubernetes 中的用户与身份认证授权
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.4.8" data-path = "../guide/kubernetes-security-best-practice.html" >
< a href = "../guide/kubernetes-security-best-practice.html" >
< b > 4.4.8.< / b >
Kubernetes 集群安全性配置最佳实践
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.5" data-path = "../guide/access-kubernetes-cluster.html" >
< a href = "../guide/access-kubernetes-cluster.html" >
< b > 4.5.< / b >
访问 Kubernetes 集群
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.5.1" data-path = "../guide/access-cluster.html" >
< a href = "../guide/access-cluster.html" >
< b > 4.5.1.< / b >
访问集群
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.5.2" data-path = "../guide/authenticate-across-clusters-kubeconfig.html" >
< a href = "../guide/authenticate-across-clusters-kubeconfig.html" >
< b > 4.5.2.< / b >
使用 kubeconfig 文件配置跨集群认证
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.5.3" data-path = "../guide/connecting-to-applications-port-forward.html" >
< a href = "../guide/connecting-to-applications-port-forward.html" >
< b > 4.5.3.< / b >
通过端口转发访问集群中的应用程序
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.5.4" data-path = "../guide/service-access-application-cluster.html" >
< a href = "../guide/service-access-application-cluster.html" >
< b > 4.5.4.< / b >
使用 service 访问群集中的应用程序
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.5.5" data-path = "../guide/accessing-kubernetes-pods-from-outside-of-the-cluster.html" >
< a href = "../guide/accessing-kubernetes-pods-from-outside-of-the-cluster.html" >
< b > 4.5.5.< / b >
从外部访问 Kubernetes 中的 Pod
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.5.6" data-path = "../guide/cabin-mobile-dashboard-for-kubernetes.html" >
< a href = "../guide/cabin-mobile-dashboard-for-kubernetes.html" >
< b > 4.5.6.< / b >
Cabin - Kubernetes 手机客户端
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.5.7" data-path = "../guide/kubernetes-desktop-client.html" >
< a href = "../guide/kubernetes-desktop-client.html" >
< b > 4.5.7.< / b >
Kubernetic - Kubernetes 桌面客户端
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.5.8" data-path = "../guide/kubernator-kubernetes-ui.html" >
< a href = "../guide/kubernator-kubernetes-ui.html" >
< b > 4.5.8.< / b >
Kubernator - 更底层的 Kubernetes UI
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.6" data-path = "../guide/application-development-deployment-flow.html" >
< a href = "../guide/application-development-deployment-flow.html" >
< b > 4.6.< / b >
在 Kubernetes 中开发部署应用
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.6.1" data-path = "../guide/deploy-applications-in-kubernetes.html" >
< a href = "../guide/deploy-applications-in-kubernetes.html" >
< b > 4.6.1.< / b >
适用于 kubernetes 的应用开发部署流程
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.6.2" data-path = "../guide/migrating-hadoop-yarn-to-kubernetes.html" >
< a href = "../guide/migrating-hadoop-yarn-to-kubernetes.html" >
< b > 4.6.2.< / b >
迁移传统应用到 Kubernetes 中 —— 以 Hadoop YARN 为例
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.6.3" data-path = "../guide/using-statefulset.html" >
< a href = "../guide/using-statefulset.html" >
< b > 4.6.3.< / b >
使用 StatefulSet 部署用状态应用
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "header" > 最佳实践< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.1" data-path = "../practice/" >
< a href = "../practice/" >
< b > 5.1.< / b >
最佳实践概览
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.2" data-path = "../practice/install-kubernetes-on-centos.html" >
< a href = "../practice/install-kubernetes-on-centos.html" >
< b > 5.2.< / b >
在 CentOS 上部署 Kubernetes 集群
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.2.1" data-path = "../practice/create-tls-and-secret-key.html" >
< a href = "../practice/create-tls-and-secret-key.html" >
< b > 5.2.1.< / b >
创建 TLS 证书和秘钥
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.2.2" data-path = "../practice/create-kubeconfig.html" >
< a href = "../practice/create-kubeconfig.html" >
< b > 5.2.2.< / b >
创建 kubeconfig 文件
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.2.3" data-path = "../practice/etcd-cluster-installation.html" >
< a href = "../practice/etcd-cluster-installation.html" >
< b > 5.2.3.< / b >
创建高可用 etcd 集群
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.2.4" data-path = "../practice/kubectl-installation.html" >
< a href = "../practice/kubectl-installation.html" >
< b > 5.2.4.< / b >
安装 kubectl 命令行工具
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.2.5" data-path = "../practice/master-installation.html" >
< a href = "../practice/master-installation.html" >
< b > 5.2.5.< / b >
部署 master 节点
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.2.6" data-path = "../practice/flannel-installation.html" >
< a href = "../practice/flannel-installation.html" >
< b > 5.2.6.< / b >
安装 flannel 网络插件
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.2.7" data-path = "../practice/node-installation.html" >
< a href = "../practice/node-installation.html" >
< b > 5.2.7.< / b >
部署 node 节点
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.2.8" data-path = "../practice/kubedns-addon-installation.html" >
< a href = "../practice/kubedns-addon-installation.html" >
< b > 5.2.8.< / b >
安装 kubedns 插件
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.2.9" data-path = "../practice/dashboard-addon-installation.html" >
< a href = "../practice/dashboard-addon-installation.html" >
< b > 5.2.9.< / b >
安装 dashboard 插件
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.2.10" data-path = "../practice/heapster-addon-installation.html" >
< a href = "../practice/heapster-addon-installation.html" >
< b > 5.2.10.< / b >
安装 heapster 插件
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.2.11" data-path = "../practice/efk-addon-installation.html" >
< a href = "../practice/efk-addon-installation.html" >
< b > 5.2.11.< / b >
安装 EFK 插件
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.3" data-path = "../practice/install-kubernetes-with-kubeadm.html" >
< a href = "../practice/install-kubernetes-with-kubeadm.html" >
< b > 5.3.< / b >
生产级的 Kubernetes 简化管理工具 kubeadm
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.3.1" data-path = "../practice/install-kubernetes-on-ubuntu-server-16.04-with-kubeadm.html" >
< a href = "../practice/install-kubernetes-on-ubuntu-server-16.04-with-kubeadm.html" >
< b > 5.3.1.< / b >
使用 kubeadm 在 Ubuntu Server 16.04 上快速构建测试集群
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.4" data-path = "../practice/service-discovery-and-loadbalancing.html" >
< a href = "../practice/service-discovery-and-loadbalancing.html" >
< b > 5.4.< / b >
服务发现与负载均衡
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.4.1" data-path = "../practice/traefik-ingress-installation.html" >
< a href = "../practice/traefik-ingress-installation.html" >
< b > 5.4.1.< / b >
安装 Traefik ingress
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.4.2" data-path = "../practice/distributed-load-test.html" >
< a href = "../practice/distributed-load-test.html" >
< b > 5.4.2.< / b >
分布式负载测试
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.4.3" data-path = "../practice/network-and-cluster-perfermance-test.html" >
< a href = "../practice/network-and-cluster-perfermance-test.html" >
< b > 5.4.3.< / b >
网络和集群性能测试
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.4.4" data-path = "../practice/edge-node-configuration.html" >
< a href = "../practice/edge-node-configuration.html" >
< b > 5.4.4.< / b >
边缘节点配置
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.4.5" data-path = "../practice/nginx-ingress-installation.html" >
< a href = "../practice/nginx-ingress-installation.html" >
< b > 5.4.5.< / b >
安装 Nginx ingress
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.4.6" data-path = "../practice/dns-installation.html" >
< a href = "../practice/dns-installation.html" >
< b > 5.4.6.< / b >
安装配置 DNS
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.4.6.1" data-path = "../practice/configuring-dns.html" >
< a href = "../practice/configuring-dns.html" >
< b > 5.4.6.1.< / b >
安装配置 Kube-dns
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.4.6.2" data-path = "../practice/coredns.html" >
< a href = "../practice/coredns.html" >
< b > 5.4.6.2.< / b >
安装配置 CoreDNS
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.5" data-path = "../practice/operation.html" >
< a href = "../practice/operation.html" >
< b > 5.5.< / b >
运维管理
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.5.1" data-path = "../practice/master-ha.html" >
< a href = "../practice/master-ha.html" >
< b > 5.5.1.< / b >
Master 节点高可用
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.5.2" data-path = "../practice/service-rolling-update.html" >
< a href = "../practice/service-rolling-update.html" >
< b > 5.5.2.< / b >
服务滚动升级
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.5.3" data-path = "../practice/app-log-collection.html" >
< a href = "../practice/app-log-collection.html" >
< b > 5.5.3.< / b >
应用日志收集
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.5.4" data-path = "../practice/configuration-best-practice.html" >
< a href = "../practice/configuration-best-practice.html" >
< b > 5.5.4.< / b >
配置最佳实践
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.5.5" data-path = "../practice/monitor.html" >
< a href = "../practice/monitor.html" >
< b > 5.5.5.< / b >
集群及应用监控
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.5.6" data-path = "../practice/data-persistence-problem.html" >
< a href = "../practice/data-persistence-problem.html" >
< b > 5.5.6.< / b >
数据持久化问题
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.5.7" data-path = "../practice/manage-compute-resources-container.html" >
< a href = "../practice/manage-compute-resources-container.html" >
< b > 5.5.7.< / b >
管理容器的计算资源
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.5.8" data-path = "../practice/federation.html" >
< a href = "../practice/federation.html" >
< b > 5.5.8.< / b >
集群联邦
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.6" data-path = "../practice/storage.html" >
< a href = "../practice/storage.html" >
< b > 5.6.< / b >
存储管理
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.6.1" data-path = "../practice/glusterfs.html" >
< a href = "../practice/glusterfs.html" >
< b > 5.6.1.< / b >
GlusterFS
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.6.1.1" data-path = "../practice/using-glusterfs-for-persistent-storage.html" >
< a href = "../practice/using-glusterfs-for-persistent-storage.html" >
< b > 5.6.1.1.< / b >
使用 GlusterFS 做持久化存储
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.6.1.2" data-path = "../practice/using-heketi-gluster-for-persistent-storage.html" >
< a href = "../practice/using-heketi-gluster-for-persistent-storage.html" >
< b > 5.6.1.2.< / b >
使用 Heketi 作为 Kubernetes 的持久存储 GlusterFS 的 external provisioner
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.6.1.3" data-path = "../practice/storage-for-containers-using-glusterfs-with-openshift.html" >
< a href = "../practice/storage-for-containers-using-glusterfs-with-openshift.html" >
< b > 5.6.1.3.< / b >
在 OpenShift 中使用 GlusterFS 做持久化存储
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.6.2" data-path = "../practice/glusterd-2.0.html" >
< a href = "../practice/glusterd-2.0.html" >
< b > 5.6.2.< / b >
GlusterD-2.0
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.6.3" data-path = "../practice/ceph.html" >
< a href = "../practice/ceph.html" >
< b > 5.6.3.< / b >
Ceph
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.6.3.1" data-path = "../practice/ceph-helm-install-guide-zh.html" >
< a href = "../practice/ceph-helm-install-guide-zh.html" >
< b > 5.6.3.1.< / b >
用 Helm 托管安装 Ceph 集群并提供后端存储
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.6.3.2" data-path = "../practice/using-ceph-for-persistent-storage.html" >
< a href = "../practice/using-ceph-for-persistent-storage.html" >
< b > 5.6.3.2.< / b >
使用 Ceph 做持久化存储
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.6.3.3" data-path = "../practice/rbd-provisioner.html" >
< a href = "../practice/rbd-provisioner.html" >
< b > 5.6.3.3.< / b >
使用 rbd-provisioner 提供 rbd 持久化存储
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.6.4" data-path = "../practice/openebs.html" >
< a href = "../practice/openebs.html" >
< b > 5.6.4.< / b >
OpenEBS
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.6.4.1" data-path = "../practice/using-openebs-for-persistent-storage.html" >
< a href = "../practice/using-openebs-for-persistent-storage.html" >
< b > 5.6.4.1.< / b >
使用 OpenEBS 做持久化存储
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.6.5" data-path = "../practice/rook.html" >
< a href = "../practice/rook.html" >
< b > 5.6.5.< / b >
Rook
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.6.6" data-path = "../practice/nfs.html" >
< a href = "../practice/nfs.html" >
< b > 5.6.6.< / b >
NFS
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.6.6.1" data-path = "../practice/using-nfs-for-persistent-storage.html" >
< a href = "../practice/using-nfs-for-persistent-storage.html" >
< b > 5.6.6.1.< / b >
利用 NFS 动态提供 Kubernetes 后端存储卷
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.7" data-path = "../practice/monitoring.html" >
< a href = "../practice/monitoring.html" >
< b > 5.7.< / b >
集群与应用监控
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.7.1" data-path = "../practice/heapster.html" >
< a href = "../practice/heapster.html" >
< b > 5.7.1.< / b >
Heapster
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.7.1.1" data-path = "../practice/using-heapster-to-get-object-metrics.html" >
< a href = "../practice/using-heapster-to-get-object-metrics.html" >
< b > 5.7.1.1.< / b >
使用 Heapster 获取集群和对象的 metric 数据
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.7.2" data-path = "../practice/prometheus.html" >
< a href = "../practice/prometheus.html" >
< b > 5.7.2.< / b >
Prometheus
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.7.2.1" data-path = "../practice/using-prometheus-to-monitor-kuberentes-cluster.html" >
< a href = "../practice/using-prometheus-to-monitor-kuberentes-cluster.html" >
< b > 5.7.2.1.< / b >
使用 Prometheus 监控 kubernetes 集群
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.7.2.2" data-path = "../practice/promql.html" >
< a href = "../practice/promql.html" >
< b > 5.7.2.2.< / b >
Prometheus 查询语言 PromQL 使用说明
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.7.3" data-path = "../practice/vistio-visualize-your-istio-mesh.html" >
< a href = "../practice/vistio-visualize-your-istio-mesh.html" >
< b > 5.7.3.< / b >
使用 Vistio 监控 Istio 服务网格中的流量
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.8" data-path = "../practice/distributed-tracing.html" >
< a href = "../practice/distributed-tracing.html" >
< b > 5.8.< / b >
分布式跟踪
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.8.1" data-path = "../practice/opentracing.html" >
< a href = "../practice/opentracing.html" >
< b > 5.8.1.< / b >
OpenTracing
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.9" data-path = "../practice/services-management-tool.html" >
< a href = "../practice/services-management-tool.html" >
< b > 5.9.< / b >
服务编排管理
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.9.1" data-path = "../practice/helm.html" >
< a href = "../practice/helm.html" >
< b > 5.9.1.< / b >
使用 Helm 管理 Kubernetes 应用
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.9.2" data-path = "../practice/create-private-charts-repo.html" >
< a href = "../practice/create-private-charts-repo.html" >
< b > 5.9.2.< / b >
构建私有 Chart 仓库
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.10" data-path = "../practice/ci-cd.html" >
< a href = "../practice/ci-cd.html" >
< b > 5.10.< / b >
持续集成与发布
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.10.1" data-path = "../practice/jenkins-ci-cd.html" >
< a href = "../practice/jenkins-ci-cd.html" >
< b > 5.10.1.< / b >
使用 Jenkins 进行持续集成与发布
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.10.2" data-path = "../practice/drone-ci-cd.html" >
< a href = "../practice/drone-ci-cd.html" >
< b > 5.10.2.< / b >
使用 Drone 进行持续集成与发布
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.11" data-path = "../practice/update-and-upgrade.html" >
< a href = "../practice/update-and-upgrade.html" >
< b > 5.11.< / b >
更新与升级
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.11.1" data-path = "../practice/manually-upgrade.html" >
< a href = "../practice/manually-upgrade.html" >
< b > 5.11.1.< / b >
手动升级 Kubernetes 集群
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.11.2" data-path = "../practice/dashboard-upgrade.html" >
< a href = "../practice/dashboard-upgrade.html" >
< b > 5.11.2.< / b >
升级 dashboard
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.12" data-path = "../practice/controller-extended.html" >
< a href = "../practice/controller-extended.html" >
< b > 5.12.< / b >
扩展控制器
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.12.1" data-path = "../practice/openkruise.html" >
< a href = "../practice/openkruise.html" >
< b > 5.12.1.< / b >
OpenKruise
< / a >
2020-06-22 17:07:42 +08:00
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.12.1.1" data-path = "../practice/in-place-update.html" >
< a href = "../practice/in-place-update.html" >
< b > 5.12.1.1.< / b >
原地升级
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
2020-06-19 14:52:56 +08:00
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "header" > 领域应用< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.1" data-path = "../usecases/" >
< a href = "../usecases/" >
< b > 6.1.< / b >
领域应用概览
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.2" data-path = "../usecases/microservices.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/microservices.html" >
< b > 6.2.< / b >
微服务架构
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.2.1" data-path = "../usecases/service-discovery-in-microservices.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/service-discovery-in-microservices.html" >
< b > 6.2.1.< / b >
微服务中的服务发现
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.2.2" data-path = "../usecases/microservices-for-java-developers.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/microservices-for-java-developers.html" >
< b > 6.2.2.< / b >
使用 Java 构建微服务并发布到 Kubernetes 平台
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.2.2.1" data-path = "../usecases/spring-boot-quick-start-guide.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/spring-boot-quick-start-guide.html" >
< b > 6.2.2.1.< / b >
Spring Boot 快速开始指南
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.3" data-path = "../usecases/service-mesh.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/service-mesh.html" >
< b > 6.3.< / b >
Service Mesh 服务网格
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.3.1" data-path = "../usecases/the-enterprise-path-to-service-mesh-architectures.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/the-enterprise-path-to-service-mesh-architectures.html" >
< b > 6.3.1.< / b >
企业级服务网格架构
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.3.1.1" data-path = "../usecases/service-mesh-fundamental.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/service-mesh-fundamental.html" >
< b > 6.3.1.1.< / b >
Service Mesh 基础
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.3.1.2" data-path = "../usecases/comparing-service-mesh-technologies.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/comparing-service-mesh-technologies.html" >
< b > 6.3.1.2.< / b >
Service Mesh 技术对比
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.3.1.3" data-path = "../usecases/service-mesh-adoption-and-evolution.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/service-mesh-adoption-and-evolution.html" >
< b > 6.3.1.3.< / b >
采纳和演进
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.3.1.4" data-path = "../usecases/service-mesh-customization-and-integration.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/service-mesh-customization-and-integration.html" >
< b > 6.3.1.4.< / b >
定制和集成
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.3.1.5" data-path = "../usecases/service-mesh-conclusion.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/service-mesh-conclusion.html" >
< b > 6.3.1.5.< / b >
总结
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.3.2" data-path = "../usecases/istio.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/istio.html" >
< b > 6.3.2.< / b >
Istio
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.3.2.1" data-path = "../usecases/istio-installation.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/istio-installation.html" >
< b > 6.3.2.1.< / b >
安装并试用 Istio service mesh
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.3.2.2" data-path = "../usecases/sidecar-spec-in-istio.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/sidecar-spec-in-istio.html" >
< b > 6.3.2.2.< / b >
Istio 中 sidecar 的注入规范及示例
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.3.2.3" data-path = "../usecases/istio-community-tips.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/istio-community-tips.html" >
< b > 6.3.2.3.< / b >
如何参与 Istio 社区及注意事项
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.3.2.4" data-path = "../usecases/istio-tutorials-collection.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/istio-tutorials-collection.html" >
< b > 6.3.2.4.< / b >
Istio 免费学习资源汇总
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.3.2.5" data-path = "../usecases/understand-sidecar-injection-and-traffic-hijack-in-istio-service-mesh.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/understand-sidecar-injection-and-traffic-hijack-in-istio-service-mesh.html" >
< b > 6.3.2.5.< / b >
Sidecar 的注入与流量劫持
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.3.2.6" data-path = "../usecases/envoy-sidecar-routing-of-istio-service-mesh-deep-dive.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/envoy-sidecar-routing-of-istio-service-mesh-deep-dive.html" >
< b > 6.3.2.6.< / b >
Envoy Sidecar 代理的路由转发
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.3.3" data-path = "../usecases/linkerd.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/linkerd.html" >
< b > 6.3.3.< / b >
Linkerd
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.3.3.1" data-path = "../usecases/linkerd-user-guide.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/linkerd-user-guide.html" >
< b > 6.3.3.1.< / b >
Linkerd 使用指南
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.3.4" data-path = "../usecases/conduit.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/conduit.html" >
< b > 6.3.4.< / b >
Conduit
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.3.4.1" data-path = "../usecases/conduit-overview.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/conduit-overview.html" >
< b > 6.3.4.1.< / b >
Condiut 概览
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.3.4.2" data-path = "../usecases/conduit-installation.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/conduit-installation.html" >
< b > 6.3.4.2.< / b >
安装 Conduit
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.3.5" data-path = "../usecases/envoy.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/envoy.html" >
< b > 6.3.5.< / b >
Envoy
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.3.5.1" data-path = "../usecases/envoy-terminology.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/envoy-terminology.html" >
< b > 6.3.5.1.< / b >
Envoy 的架构与基本术语
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.3.5.2" data-path = "../usecases/envoy-front-proxy.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/envoy-front-proxy.html" >
< b > 6.3.5.2.< / b >
Envoy 作为前端代理
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.3.5.3" data-path = "../usecases/envoy-mesh-in-kubernetes-tutorial.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/envoy-mesh-in-kubernetes-tutorial.html" >
< b > 6.3.5.3.< / b >
Envoy mesh 教程
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.3.6" data-path = "../usecases/mosn.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/mosn.html" >
< b > 6.3.6.< / b >
MOSN
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.4" data-path = "../usecases/big-data.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/big-data.html" >
< b > 6.4.< / b >
大数据
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.4.1" data-path = "../usecases/spark-standalone-on-kubernetes.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/spark-standalone-on-kubernetes.html" >
< b > 6.4.1.< / b >
Spark standalone on Kubernetes
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.4.2" data-path = "../usecases/running-spark-with-kubernetes-native-scheduler.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/running-spark-with-kubernetes-native-scheduler.html" >
< b > 6.4.2.< / b >
运行支持 Kubernetes 原生调度的 Spark 程序
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.5" data-path = "../usecases/serverless.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/serverless.html" >
< b > 6.5.< / b >
Serverless 架构
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.5.1" data-path = "../usecases/understanding-serverless.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/understanding-serverless.html" >
< b > 6.5.1.< / b >
理解 Serverless
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.5.2" data-path = "../usecases/faas.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/faas.html" >
< b > 6.5.2.< / b >
FaaS（ ）
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.5.2.1" data-path = "../usecases/openfaas-quick-start.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/openfaas-quick-start.html" >
< b > 6.5.2.1.< / b >
OpenFaaS 快速入门指南
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.5.3" data-path = "../usecases/knative.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/knative.html" >
< b > 6.5.3.< / b >
Knative
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.6" data-path = "../usecases/cloud-native-app-standard.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/cloud-native-app-standard.html" >
< b > 6.6.< / b >
云原生应用标准
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.6.1" data-path = "../usecases/oam.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/oam.html" >
< b > 6.6.1.< / b >
OAM（ ）
< / a >
2020-06-23 21:27:48 +08:00
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.6.2" data-path = "../usecases/crossplane.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/crossplane.html" >
< b > 6.6.2.< / b >
Crossplane
< / a >
2020-06-19 14:52:56 +08:00
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.7" data-path = "../usecases/edge-computing.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/edge-computing.html" >
< b > 6.7.< / b >
边缘计算
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.8" data-path = "../usecases/ai.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/ai.html" >
< b > 6.8.< / b >
人工智能
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "header" > 开发指南< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.1" data-path = "../develop/" >
< a href = "../develop/" >
< b > 7.1.< / b >
开发指南概览
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.2" data-path = "../develop/sigs-and-working-group.html" >
< a href = "../develop/sigs-and-working-group.html" >
< b > 7.2.< / b >
SIG 和工作组
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.3" data-path = "../develop/developing-environment.html" >
< a href = "../develop/developing-environment.html" >
< b > 7.3.< / b >
开发环境搭建
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.3.1" data-path = "../develop/using-vagrant-and-virtualbox-for-development.html" >
< a href = "../develop/using-vagrant-and-virtualbox-for-development.html" >
< b > 7.3.1.< / b >
本地分布式开发环境搭建（使用 Vagrant 和 Virtualbox）
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.4" data-path = "../develop/testing.html" >
< a href = "../develop/testing.html" >
< b > 7.4.< / b >
单元测试和集成测试
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.5" data-path = "../develop/client-go-sample.html" >
< a href = "../develop/client-go-sample.html" >
< b > 7.5.< / b >
client-go 示例
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.6" data-path = "../develop/operator.html" >
< a href = "../develop/operator.html" >
< b > 7.6.< / b >
Operator
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.6.1" data-path = "../develop/operator-sdk.html" >
< a href = "../develop/operator-sdk.html" >
< b > 7.6.1.< / b >
operator-sdk
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.7" data-path = "../develop/kubebuilder.html" >
< a href = "../develop/kubebuilder.html" >
< b > 7.7.< / b >
kubebuilder
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.7.1" data-path = "../develop/kubebuilder-example.html" >
< a href = "../develop/kubebuilder-example.html" >
< b > 7.7.1.< / b >
使用 kubebuilder 创建 operator 示例
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.8" data-path = "../develop/advance-developer.html" >
< a href = "../develop/advance-developer.html" >
< b > 7.8.< / b >
高级开发指南
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.9" data-path = "../develop/contribute.html" >
< a href = "../develop/contribute.html" >
< b > 7.9.< / b >
社区贡献
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.10" data-path = "../develop/minikube.html" >
< a href = "../develop/minikube.html" >
< b > 7.10.< / b >
Minikube
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "header" > CNCF（ ） < / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.1" data-path = "../cloud-native/cncf.html" >
< a href = "../cloud-native/cncf.html" >
< b > 8.1.< / b >
CNCF - 云原生计算基金会简介
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.2" data-path = "../cloud-native/cncf-charter.html" >
< a href = "../cloud-native/cncf-charter.html" >
< b > 8.2.< / b >
CNCF 章程
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.3" data-path = "../cloud-native/cncf-sig.html" >
< a href = "../cloud-native/cncf-sig.html" >
< b > 8.3.< / b >
CNCF 特别兴趣小组（ ）
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.4" data-path = "../cloud-native/cncf-sandbox-criteria.html" >
< a href = "../cloud-native/cncf-sandbox-criteria.html" >
< b > 8.4.< / b >
开源项目加入 CNCF Sandbox 的要求
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.5" data-path = "../cloud-native/cncf-project-governing.html" >
< a href = "../cloud-native/cncf-project-governing.html" >
< b > 8.5.< / b >
CNCF 中的项目治理
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.6" data-path = "../cloud-native/cncf-ambassador.html" >
< a href = "../cloud-native/cncf-ambassador.html" >
< b > 8.6.< / b >
CNCF Ambassador
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "header" > 附录< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.1" data-path = "../appendix/" >
< a href = "../appendix/" >
< b > 9.1.< / b >
附录说明
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.2" data-path = "../appendix/debug-kubernetes-services.html" >
< a href = "../appendix/debug-kubernetes-services.html" >
< b > 9.2.< / b >
Kubernetes 中的应用故障排查
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.3" data-path = "../appendix/material-share.html" >
< a href = "../appendix/material-share.html" >
< b > 9.3.< / b >
Kubernetes 相关资讯和情报链接
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.4" data-path = "../appendix/docker-best-practice.html" >
< a href = "../appendix/docker-best-practice.html" >
< b > 9.4.< / b >
Docker 最佳实践
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.5" data-path = "../appendix/tricks.html" >
< a href = "../appendix/tricks.html" >
< b > 9.5.< / b >
使用技巧
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.6" data-path = "../appendix/issues.html" >
< a href = "../appendix/issues.html" >
< b > 9.6.< / b >
问题记录
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.7" data-path = "../appendix/kubernetes-changelog.html" >
< a href = "../appendix/kubernetes-changelog.html" >
< b > 9.7.< / b >
Kubernetes 版本更新日志
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.7.1" data-path = "../appendix/kubernetes-1.7-changelog.html" >
< a href = "../appendix/kubernetes-1.7-changelog.html" >
< b > 9.7.1.< / b >
Kubernetes1.7 更新日志
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.7.2" data-path = "../appendix/kubernetes-1.8-changelog.html" >
< a href = "../appendix/kubernetes-1.8-changelog.html" >
< b > 9.7.2.< / b >
Kubernetes1.8 更新日志
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.7.3" data-path = "../appendix/kubernetes-1.9-changelog.html" >
< a href = "../appendix/kubernetes-1.9-changelog.html" >
< b > 9.7.3.< / b >
Kubernetes1.9 更新日志
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.7.4" data-path = "../appendix/kubernetes-1.10-changelog.html" >
< a href = "../appendix/kubernetes-1.10-changelog.html" >
< b > 9.7.4.< / b >
Kubernetes1.10 更新日志
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.7.5" data-path = "../appendix/kubernetes-1.11-changelog.html" >
< a href = "../appendix/kubernetes-1.11-changelog.html" >
< b > 9.7.5.< / b >
Kubernetes1.11 更新日志
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.7.6" data-path = "../appendix/kubernetes-1.12-changelog.html" >
< a href = "../appendix/kubernetes-1.12-changelog.html" >
< b > 9.7.6.< / b >
Kubernetes1.12 更新日志
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.7.7" data-path = "../appendix/kubernetes-1.13-changelog.html" >
< a href = "../appendix/kubernetes-1.13-changelog.html" >
< b > 9.7.7.< / b >
Kubernetes1.13 更新日志
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.7.8" data-path = "../appendix/kubernetes-1.14-changelog.html" >
< a href = "../appendix/kubernetes-1.14-changelog.html" >
< b > 9.7.8.< / b >
Kubernetes1.14 更新日志
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.7.9" data-path = "../appendix/kubernetes-1.15-changelog.html" >
< a href = "../appendix/kubernetes-1.15-changelog.html" >
< b > 9.7.9.< / b >
Kubernetes1.15 更新日志
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.8" data-path = "../appendix/summary-and-outlook.html" >
< a href = "../appendix/summary-and-outlook.html" >
< b > 9.8.< / b >
Kubernetes 及云原生年度总结及展望
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.8.1" data-path = "../appendix/kubernetes-and-cloud-native-summary-in-2017-and-outlook-for-2018.html" >
< a href = "../appendix/kubernetes-and-cloud-native-summary-in-2017-and-outlook-for-2018.html" >
< b > 9.8.1.< / b >
Kubernetes 与云原生 2017 年年终总结及 2018 年展望
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.8.2" data-path = "../appendix/kubernetes-and-cloud-native-summary-in-2018-and-outlook-for-2019.html" >
< a href = "../appendix/kubernetes-and-cloud-native-summary-in-2018-and-outlook-for-2019.html" >
< b > 9.8.2.< / b >
Kubernetes 与云原生 2018 年年终总结及 2019 年展望
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.9" data-path = "../appendix/cncf-annual-report.html" >
< a href = "../appendix/cncf-annual-report.html" >
< b > 9.9.< / b >
CNCF 年度报告解读
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.9.1" data-path = "../appendix/cncf-annual-report-2018.html" >
< a href = "../appendix/cncf-annual-report-2018.html" >
< b > 9.9.1.< / b >
CNCF 2018 年年度报告解读
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.10" data-path = "../appendix/about-kcsp.html" >
< a href = "../appendix/about-kcsp.html" >
< b > 9.10.< / b >
Kubernetes 认证服务提供商（ ）
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.11" data-path = "../appendix/about-cka-candidate.html" >
< a href = "../appendix/about-cka-candidate.html" >
< b > 9.11.< / b >
认证 Kubernetes 管理员（ ）
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "divider" > < / li >
< li >
< a href = "https://www.gitbook.com" target = "blank" class = "gitbook-link" >
本书使用 GitBook 发布
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / nav >
< / div >
< div class = "book-body" >
< div class = "body-inner" >
< div class = "book-header" role = "navigation" >
<!-- Title -->
< h1 >
< i class = "fa fa-circle-o-notch fa-spin" > < / i >
< a href = ".." > Pod 中断与 PDB（ < / a >
< / h1 >
< / div >
< div class = "page-wrapper" tabindex = "-1" role = "main" >
< div class = "page-inner" >
< div class = "search-plus" id = "book-search-results" >
< div class = "search-noresults" >
< section class = "normal markdown-section" >
< h1 id = "pod中断与pdb（pod中断预算）" > Pod中 断 与 PDB（ Pod中 断 预 算 ） < / h1 >
< p > 这 篇 文 档 适 用 于 要 构 建 高 可 用 应 用 程 序 的 所 有 者 ， 因 此 他 们 需 要 了 解 Pod 可 能 发 生 什 么 类 型 的 中 断 。 也 适 用 于 要 执 行 自 动 集 群 操 作 的 集 群 管 理 员 ， 如 升 级 和 集 群 自 动 扩 容 。 < / p >
< h2 id = "自愿中断和非自愿中断" > 自 愿 中 断 和 非 自 愿 中 断 < / h2 >
< p > Pod 不 会 消 失 ， 直 到 有 人 （ 人 类 或 控 制 器 ） 将 其 销 毁 ， 或 者 当 出 现 不 可 避 免 的 硬 件 或 系 统 软 件 错 误 。 < / p >
< p > 我 们 把 这 些 不 可 避 免 的 情 况 称 为 应 用 的 非 自 愿 性 中 断 。 例 如 ： < / p >
< ul >
< li > 后 端 节 点 物 理 机 的 硬 件 故 障 < / li >
< li > 集 群 管 理 员 错 误 地 删 除 虚 拟 机 （ 实 例 ） < / li >
< li > 云 提 供 商 或 管 理 程 序 故 障 使 虚 拟 机 消 失 < / li >
< li > 内 核 恐 慌 （ kernel panic） < / li >
< li > 节 点 由 于 集 群 网 络 分 区 而 从 集 群 中 消 失 < / li >
< li > 由 于 节 点 < a href = "https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/out-of-resource" target = "_blank" > 资 源 不 足 < / a > 而 将 容 器 逐 出 < / li >
< / ul >
< p > 除 资 源 不 足 的 情 况 外 ， 大 多 数 用 户 应 该 都 熟 悉 以 下 这 些 情 况 ； 它 们 不 是 特 定 于 Kubernetes 的 。 < / p >
< p > 我 们 称 这 些 情 况 为 ” 自 愿 中 断 “ 。 包 括 由 应 用 程 序 所 有 者 发 起 的 操 作 和 由 集 群 管 理 员 发 起 的 操 作 。 典 型 的 应 用 程 序 所 有 者 操 作 包 括 ： < / p >
< ul >
< li > 删 除 管 理 该 pod 的 Deployment 或 其 他 控 制 器 < / li >
< li > 更 新 了 Deployment 的 pod 模 板 导 致 pod 重 启 < / li >
< li > 直 接 删 除 pod（ 意 外 删 除 ） < / li >
< / ul >
< p > 集 群 管 理 员 操 作 包 括 ： < / p >
< ul >
< li > < a href = "https://kubernetes.io/docs//tasks/administer-cluster/safely-drain-node" target = "_blank" > 排 空 （ drain） 节 点 < / a > 进 行 修 复 或 升 级 。 < / li >
< li > 从 集 群 中 排 空 节 点 以 缩 小 集 群 （ 了 解 < a href = "https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/cluster-management/#cluster-autoscaler" target = "_blank" > 集 群 自 动 调 节 < / a > ） 。 < / li >
< li > 从 节 点 中 移 除 一 个 pod， 以 允 许 其 他 pod 使 用 该 节 点 。 < / li >
< / ul >
< p > 这 些 操 作 可 能 由 集 群 管 理 员 直 接 执 行 ， 也 可 能 由 集 群 管 理 员 或 集 群 托 管 提 供 商 自 动 执 行 。 < / p >
< p > 询 问 您 的 集 群 管 理 员 或 咨 询 您 的 云 提 供 商 或 发 行 文 档 ， 以 确 定 是 否 为 您 的 集 群 启 用 了 任 何 自 动 中 断 源 。 如 果 没 有 启 用 ， 您 可 以 跳 过 创 建 Pod Disruption Budget（ Pod 中 断 预 算 ） 。 < / p >
< h2 id = "处理中断" > 处 理 中 断 < / h2 >
< p > 以 下 是 一 些 减 轻 非 自 愿 性 中 断 的 方 法 ： < / p >
< ul >
< li > 确 保 您 的 pod < a href = "https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/assign-cpu-ram-container" target = "_blank" > 请 求 所 需 的 资 源 < / a > 。 < / li >
< li > 如 果 您 需 要 更 高 的 可 用 性 ， 请 复 制 您 的 应 用 程 序 。 （ 了 解 有 关 运 行 复 制 的 < a href = "https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/run-application/run-stateless-application-deployment" target = "_blank" > 无 状 态 < / a > 和 < a href = "https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/run-application/run-replicated-stateful-application" target = "_blank" > 有 状 态 < / a > 应 用 程 序 的 信 息 。 ） < / li >
< li > 为 了 在 运 行 复 制 应 用 程 序 时 获 得 更 高 的 可 用 性 ， 请 跨 机 架 （ 使 用 < a href = "https://kubernetes.io/docs/user-guide/node-selection/#inter-pod-affinity-and-anti-affinity-beta-feature" target = "_blank" > 反 亲 和 性 < / a > ） 或 跨 区 域 （ 如 果 使 用 多 区 域 集 群 ） 分 布 应 用 程 序 。 < / li >
< / ul >
< p > 自 愿 中 断 的 频 率 各 不 相 同 。 在 Kubernetes 集 群 上 ， 根 本 没 有 自 愿 的 中 断 。 但 是 ， 您 的 集 群 管 理 员 或 托 管 提 供 商 可 能 会 运 行 一 些 导 致 自 愿 中 断 的 附 加 服 务 。 例 如 ， 节 点 软 件 更 新 可 能 导 致 自 愿 更 新 。 另 外 ， 集 群 （ 节 点 ） 自 动 缩 放 的 某 些 实 现 可 能 会 导 致 碎 片 整 理 和 紧 缩 节 点 的 自 愿 中 断 。 您 的 集 群 管 理 员 或 主 机 提 供 商 应 该 已 经 记 录 了 期 望 的 自 愿 中 断 级 别 （ 如 果 有 的 话 ） 。 < / p >
< p > Kubernetes 提 供 的 功 能 可 以 满 足 在 频 繁 地 自 动 中 断 的 同 时 运 行 高 可 用 的 应 用 程 序 。 我 们 称 之 为 “ 中 断 预 算 ” 。 < / p >
< h2 id = "中断预算的工作原理" > 中 断 预 算 的 工 作 原 理 < / h2 >
< p > 应 用 程 序 所 有 者 可 以 为 每 个 应 用 程 序 创 建 一 个 < code > PodDisruptionBudget< / code > 对 象 （ PDB） 。 PDB 将 限 制 在 同 一 时 间 自 愿 中 断 的 复 制 应 用 程 序 中 宕 机 的 Pod 的 数 量 。 例 如 ， 基 于 定 额 的 应 用 程 序 希 望 确 保 运 行 的 副 本 数 量 永 远 不 会 低 于 仲 裁 所 需 的 数 量 。 Web 前 端 可 能 希 望 确 保 提 供 负 载 的 副 本 的 数 量 永 远 不 会 低 于 总 数 的 某 个 百 分 比 。 < / p >
< p > 集 群 管 理 器 和 托 管 提 供 商 应 使 用 遵 循 < code > Pod Disruption Budgets< / code > 的 工 具 ， 方 法 是 调 用 < a href = "https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/safely-drain-node/#the-eviction-api" target = "_blank" > Eviction API< / a > 而 不 是 直 接 删 除 Pod。 例 如 < code > kubectl drain< / code > 命 令 和 Kubernetes-on-GCE 集 群 升 级 脚 本 （ < code > cluster/gce/upgrade.sh< / code > ） 。 < / p >
< p > 当 集 群 管 理 员 想 要 排 空 节 点 时 ， 可 以 使 用 < code > kubectl drain< / code > 命 令 。 该 命 令 会 试 图 驱 逐 机 器 上 的 所 有 pod。 驱 逐 请 求 可 能 会 暂 时 被 拒 绝 ， 并 且 该 工 具 会 定 期 重 试 所 有 失 败 的 请 求 ， 直 到 所 有 的 pod 都 被 终 止 ， 或 者 直 到 达 到 配 置 的 超 时 时 间 。 < / p >
< p > PDB 指 定 应 用 程 序 可 以 容 忍 的 副 本 的 数 量 ， 相 对 于 应 该 有 多 少 副 本 。 例 如 ， 具 有 < code > spec.replicas： 5< / code > 的 Deployment 在 任 何 给 定 的 时 间 都 应 该 有 5 个 Pod。 如 果 其 PDB 允 许 在 某 一 时 刻 有 4 个 副 本 ， 那 么 驱 逐 API 将 只 允 许 仅 有 一 个 而 不 是 两 个 Pod 自 愿 中 断 。 < / p >
< p > 使 用 标 签 选 择 器 来 指 定 应 用 程 序 的 一 组 pod， 这 与 应 用 程 序 的 控 制 器 （ Deployment、 StatefulSet 等 ） 使 用 的 相 同 。 < / p >
< p > Pod 控 制 器 的 < code > .spec.replicas< / code > 计 算 “ 预 期 的 ” pod 数 量 。 使 用 对 象 的 < code > .metadata.ownerReferences< / code > 值 从 控 制 器 获 取 。 < / p >
< p > PDB 不 能 阻 止 < a href = "https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/disruptions/#voluntary-and-involuntary-disruptions" target = "_blank" > 非 自 愿 中 断 < / a > 的 发 生 ， 但 是 它 们 确 实 会 影 响 预 算 。 < / p >
< p > 由 于 应 用 程 序 的 滚 动 升 级 而 被 删 除 或 不 可 用 的 Pod 确 实 会 计 入 中 断 预 算 ， 但 控 制 器 （ 如 Deployment 和 StatefulSet） 在 进 行 滚 动 升 级 时 不 受 PDB 的 限 制 — — 在 应 用 程 序 更 新 期 间 的 故 障 处 理 是 在 控 制 器 的 规 格 （ spec） 中 配 置 （ 了 解 < a href = "https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/manage-deployment/#updating-your-application-without-a-service-outage" target = "_blank" > 更 新 Deployment< / a > ） 。 < / p >
< p > 使 用 驱 逐 API 驱 逐 pod 时 ， pod 会 被 优 雅 地 终 止 （ 请 参 阅 PodSpec 中 的 < code > terminationGracePeriodSeconds< / code > ） 。 < / p >
< h2 id = "pdb-示例" > PDB 示 例 < / h2 >
< p > 假 设 集 群 有 3个 节 点 ， < code > node-1< / code > 到 < code > node-3< / code > 。 集 群 中 运 行 了 一 些 应 用 ， 其 中 一 个 应 用 有 3个 副 本 ， 分 别 是 < code > pod-a< / code > 、 < code > pod-b< / code > 和 < code > pod-c< / code > 。 另 外 ， 还 有 一 个 与 它 相 关 的 不 具 有 PDB 的 pod， 我 们 称 为 之 为 < code > pod-x< / code > 。 最 初 ， 所 有 Pod 的 分 布 如 下 ： < / p >
< table >
< thead >
< tr >
< th style = "text-align:center" > node-1< / th >
< th style = "text-align:center" > node-2< / th >
< th style = "text-align:center" > node-3< / th >
< / tr >
< / thead >
< tbody >
< tr >
< td style = "text-align:center" > pod-a < em > available< / em > < / td >
< td style = "text-align:center" > pod-b < em > available< / em > < / td >
< td style = "text-align:center" > pod-c < em > available< / em > < / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td style = "text-align:center" > pod-x < em > available< / em > < / td >
< td style = "text-align:center" > < / td >
< / tr >
< / tbody >
< / table >
< p > 所 有 的 3个 pod 都 是 Deployment 中 的 一 部 分 ， 并 且 它 们 共 同 拥 有 一 个 PDB， 要 求 至 少 有 3个 pod 中 的 2个 始 终 处 于 可 用 状 态 。 < / p >
< p > 例 如 ， 假 设 集 群 管 理 员 想 要 重 启 系 统 ， 升 级 内 核 版 本 来 修 复 内 核 中 的 错 误 。 集 群 管 理 员 首 先 使 用 < code > kubectl drain< / code > 命 令 尝 试 排 除 < code > node-1< / code > 。 该 工 具 试 图 驱 逐 < code > pod-a< / code > 和 < code > pod-x< / code > 。 这 立 即 成 功 。 两 个 Pod 同 时 进 入 终 止 状 态 。 这 时 的 集 群 处 于 这 种 状 态 ： < / p >
< table >
< thead >
< tr >
< th style = "text-align:center" > node-1 < em > draining< / em > < / th >
< th style = "text-align:center" > node-2< / th >
< th style = "text-align:center" > node-3< / th >
< / tr >
< / thead >
< tbody >
< tr >
< td style = "text-align:center" > pod-a < em > terminating< / em > < / td >
< td style = "text-align:center" > pod-b < em > available< / em > < / td >
< td style = "text-align:center" > pod-c < em > available< / em > < / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td style = "text-align:center" > pod-x < em > terminating< / em > < / td >
< td style = "text-align:center" > < / td >
< / tr >
< / tbody >
< / table >
< p > Deployment 注 意 到 其 中 有 一 个 pod 处 于 正 在 终 止 ， 因 此 会 创 建 了 一 个 < code > pod-d< / code > 来 替 换 。 由 于 < code > node-1< / code > 被 封 锁 （ cordon） ， 它 落 在 另 一 个 节 点 上 。 同 时 其 它 控 制 器 也 创 建 了 < code > pod-y< / code > 作 为 < code > pod-x< / code > 的 替 代 品 。 < / p >
< p > （ 注 意 ： 对 于 < code > StatefulSet< / code > ， < code > pod-a< / code > 将 被 称 为 < code > pod-1< / code > ， 需 要 在 替 换 之 前 完 全 终 止 ， 替 代 它 的 也 称 为 < code > pod-1< / code > ， 但 是 具 有 不 同 的 UID， 可 以 创 建 。 否 则 ， 示 例 也 适 用 于 StatefulSet。 ） < / p >
< p > 当 前 集 群 的 状 态 如 下 ： < / p >
< table >
< thead >
< tr >
< th style = "text-align:center" > node-1 < em > draining< / em > < / th >
< th style = "text-align:center" > node-2< / th >
< th style = "text-align:center" > node-3< / th >
< / tr >
< / thead >
< tbody >
< tr >
< td style = "text-align:center" > pod-a < em > terminating< / em > < / td >
< td style = "text-align:center" > pod-b < em > available< / em > < / td >
< td style = "text-align:center" > pod-c < em > available< / em > < / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td style = "text-align:center" > pod-x < em > terminating< / em > < / td >
< td style = "text-align:center" > pod-d < em > starting< / em > < / td >
< td style = "text-align:center" > pod-y< / td >
< / tr >
< / tbody >
< / table >
< p > 在 某 一 时 刻 ， pod 被 终 止 ， 集 群 看 起 来 像 下 面 这 样 子 ： < / p >
< table >
< thead >
< tr >
< th style = "text-align:center" > node-1 < em > drained< / em > < / th >
< th style = "text-align:center" > node-2< / th >
< th style = "text-align:center" > node-3< / th >
< / tr >
< / thead >
< tbody >
< tr >
< td style = "text-align:center" > < / td >
< td style = "text-align:center" > pod-b < em > available< / em > < / td >
< td style = "text-align:center" > pod-c < em > available< / em > < / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td style = "text-align:center" > < / td >
< td style = "text-align:center" > pod-d < em > starting< / em > < / td >
< td style = "text-align:center" > pod-y< / td >
< / tr >
< / tbody >
< / table >
< p > 此 时 ， 如 果 一 个 急 躁 的 集 群 管 理 员 试 图 排 空 （ drain） < code > node-2< / code > 或 < code > node-3< / code > ， drain 命 令 将 被 阻 塞 ， 因 为 对 于 Deployment 只 有 2个 可 用 的 pod， 并 且 其 PDB 至 少 需 要 2个 。 经 过 一 段 时 间 ， < code > pod-d< / code > 变 得 可 用 。 < / p >
< table >
< thead >
< tr >
< th style = "text-align:center" > node-1 < em > drained< / em > < / th >
< th style = "text-align:center" > node-2< / th >
< th style = "text-align:center" > node-3< / th >
< / tr >
< / thead >
< tbody >
< tr >
< td style = "text-align:center" > < / td >
< td style = "text-align:center" > pod-b < em > available< / em > < / td >
< td style = "text-align:center" > pod-c < em > available< / em > < / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td style = "text-align:center" > < / td >
< td style = "text-align:center" > pod-d < em > available< / em > < / td >
< td style = "text-align:center" > pod-y< / td >
< / tr >
< / tbody >
< / table >
< p > 现 在 ， 集 群 管 理 员 尝 试 排 空 < code > node-2< / code > 。 drain 命 令 将 尝 试 按 照 某 种 顺 序 驱 逐 两 个 pod， 假 设 先 是 < code > pod-b< / code > ， 然 后 再 < code > pod-d< / code > 。 它 将 成 功 驱 逐 < code > pod-b< / code > 。 但 是 ， 当 它 试 图 驱 逐 < code > pod-d< / code > 时 ， 将 被 拒 绝 ， 因 为 这 样 对 Deployment 来 说 将 只 剩 下 一 个 可 用 的 pod。 < / p >
< p > Deployment 将 创 建 一 个 名 为 < code > pod-e< / code > 的 < code > pod-b< / code > 的 替 代 品 。 但 是 ， 集 群 中 没 有 足 够 的 资 源 来 安 排 < code > pod-e< / code > 。 那 么 ， drain 命 令 就 会 被 阻 塞 。 集 群 最 终 可 能 是 这 种 状 态 ： < / p >
< table >
< thead >
< tr >
< th style = "text-align:center" > node-1 < em > drained< / em > < / th >
< th style = "text-align:center" > node-2 < em > drained< / em > < / th >
< th style = "text-align:center" > node-3< / th >
< th style = "text-align:center" > < em > no node< / em > < / th >
< / tr >
< / thead >
< tbody >
< tr >
< td style = "text-align:center" > < / td >
< td style = "text-align:center" > < / td >
< td style = "text-align:center" > pod-c < em > available< / em > < / td >
< td style = "text-align:center" > pod-e < em > pending< / em > < / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td style = "text-align:center" > < / td >
< td style = "text-align:center" > pod-d < em > available< / em > < / td >
< td style = "text-align:center" > pod-y< / td >
< / tr >
< / tbody >
< / table >
< p > 此 时 ， 集 群 管 理 员 需 要 向 集 群 中 添 加 回 一 个 节 点 以 继 续 升 级 操 作 。 < / p >
< p > 您 可 以 看 到 Kubernetes 如 何 改 变 中 断 发 生 的 速 率 ， 根 据 ： < / p >
< ul >
< li > 应 用 程 序 需 要 多 少 副 本 < / li >
< li > 正 常 关 闭 实 例 需 要 多 长 时 间 < / li >
< li > 启 动 新 实 例 需 要 多 长 时 间 < / li >
< li > 控 制 器 的 类 型 < / li >
< li > 集 群 的 资 源 能 力 < / li >
< / ul >
< h2 id = "分离集群所有者和应用程序所有者角色" > 分 离 集 群 所 有 者 和 应 用 程 序 所 有 者 角 色 < / h2 >
< p > 将 集 群 管 理 者 和 应 用 程 序 所 有 者 视 为 彼 此 知 识 有 限 的 独 立 角 色 通 常 是 很 有 用 的 。 这 种 责 任 分 离 在 这 些 情 况 下 可 能 是 有 意 义 的 ： < / p >
< ul >
< li > 当 有 许 多 应 用 程 序 团 队 共 享 一 个 Kubernetes 集 群 ， 并 且 有 自 然 的 专 业 角 色 < / li >
< li > 使 用 第 三 方 工 具 或 服 务 来 自 动 化 集 群 管 理 < / li >
< / ul >
< p > Pod Disruption Budget（ Pod 中 断 预 算 ） 通 过 在 角 色 之 间 提 供 接 口 来 支 持 这 种 角 色 分 离 。 < / p >
< p > 如 果 您 的 组 织 中 没 有 这 样 的 职 责 分 离 ， 则 可 能 不 需 要 使 用 Pod 中 断 预 算 。 < / p >
< h2 id = "如何在集群上执行中断操作" > 如 何 在 集 群 上 执 行 中 断 操 作 < / h2 >
< p > 如 果 您 是 集 群 管 理 员 ， 要 对 集 群 的 所 有 节 点 执 行 中 断 操 作 ， 例 如 节 点 或 系 统 软 件 升 级 ， 则 可 以 使 用 以 下 选 择 ： < / p >
< ul >
< li > 在 升 级 期 间 接 受 停 机 时 间 。 < / li >
< li > 故 障 转 移 到 另 一 个 完 整 的 副 本 集 群 。 < ul >
< li > 没 有 停 机 时 间 ， 但 是 对 于 重 复 的 节 点 和 人 工 协 调 成 本 可 能 是 昂 贵 的 。 < / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li > 编 写 可 容 忍 中 断 的 应 用 程 序 和 使 用 PDB。 < ul >
< li > 没 有 停 机 时 间 。 < / li >
< li > 最 小 的 资 源 重 复 。 < / li >
< li > 允 许 更 多 的 集 群 管 理 自 动 化 。 < / li >
< li > 编 写 可 容 忍 中 断 的 应 用 程 序 是 很 棘 手 的 ， 但 对 于 可 容 忍 自 愿 中 断 ， 和 支 持 自 动 调 整 以 容 忍 非 自 愿 中 断 ， 两 者 在 工 作 上 有 大 量 的 重 叠 。 < / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< / ul >
< h2 id = "参考" > 参 考 < / h2 >
< ul >
< li > < p > < a href = "https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/disruptions/" target = "_blank" > Disruptions - kubernetes.io< / a > < / p >
< / li >
< li > < p > 通 过 配 置 < a href = "https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/run-application//configure-pdb" target = "_blank" > Pod Disruption Budget（ Pod 中 断 预 算 ） < / a > 来 执 行 保 护 应 用 程 序 的 步 骤 。 < / p >
< / li >
< li > 了 解 更 多 关 于 < a href = "https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster//safely-drain-node" target = "_blank" > 排 空 节 点 < / a > 的 信 息 。 < / li >
< / ul >
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