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1. 前言
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2. 概念原理
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2.1 设计理念
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2.2 主要概念
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2.2.1 Pod
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2.2.1.1 Pod解析
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2.2.2 Node
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2.2.3 Namespace
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2.2.4 Service
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2.2.5 Volume和Persistent Volume
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2.2.6 Deployment
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2.2.7 Secret
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2.2.8 StatefulSet
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2.2.9 DaemonSet
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2.2.10 ServiceAccount
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2.2.11 ReplicationController和ReplicaSet
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2.2.12 Job
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2.2.13 CronJob
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2.2.14 Ingress
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2.2.15 ConfigMap
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2.2.16 Horizontal Pod Autoscaling
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2.2.17 Label
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3. 用户指南
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3.1 资源配置
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3.1.1 配置Pod的liveness和readiness探针
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3.1.2 配置Pod的Service Account
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3.2 命令使用
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3.2.1 使用kubectl
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3.3 集群管理
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3.3.1 管理集群中的TLS
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3.3.2 kubelet的认证授权
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3.3.3 TLS bootstrap
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2017-08-31 14:23:44 +08:00
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3.3.4 kubectl的用户认证授权
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3.3.5 RBAC——基于角色的访问控制
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3.4 访问 Kubernetes 集群
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3.4.1 访问集群
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3.4.2 使用 kubeconfig 文件配置跨集群认证
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3.4.3 通过端口转发访问集群中的应用程序
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3.4.4 使用 service 访问群集中的应用程序
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3.5 在kubernetes中开发部署应用
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3.5.1 适用于kubernetes的应用开发部署流程
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3.5.2 迁移传统应用到kubernetes中——以Hadoop YARN为例
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4. 最佳实践
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1" data-path="../practice/install-kbernetes1.6-on-centos.html">
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4.1 在CentOS上部署kubernetes1.6集群
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.1" data-path="../practice/create-tls-and-secret-key.html">
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4.1.1 创建TLS证书和秘钥
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4.1.2 创建kubeconfig文件
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4.1.3 创建高可用etcd集群
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4.1.4 安装kubectl命令行工具
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4.1.5 部署master节点
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4.1.6 部署node节点
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4.1.7 安装kubedns插件
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4.1.8 安装dashboard插件
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.9" data-path="../practice/heapster-addon-installation.html">
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4.1.9 安装heapster插件
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4.1.10 安装EFK插件
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4.2 服务发现与负载均衡
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4.2.1 安装Traefik ingress
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4.2.2 分布式负载测试
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4.2.3 网络和集群性能测试
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4.2.4 边缘节点配置
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4.3 运维管理
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.1" data-path="../practice/service-rolling-update.html">
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4.3.1 服务滚动升级
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.2" data-path="../practice/app-log-collection.html">
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4.3.2 应用日志收集
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4.3.3 配置最佳实践
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4.3.4 集群及应用监控
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4.3.5 使用Jenkins进行持续构建与发布
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4.3.6 数据持久化问题
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4.4 存储管理
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4.4.1 GlusterFS
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4.4.1.1 使用GlusterFS做持久化存储
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4.4.1.2 在OpenShift中使用GlusterFS做持久化存储
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5. 领域应用
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5.1 微服务架构
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.1" data-path="../usecases/istio.html">
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5.1.1 Istio
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.1.1" data-path="../usecases/istio-installation.html">
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5.1.1.1 安装istio
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.1.2" data-path="../usecases/configuring-request-routing.html">
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5.1.1.2 配置请求的路由规则
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5.1.2 Linkerd
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.2.1" data-path="../usecases/linkerd-user-guide.html">
<a href="../usecases/linkerd-user-guide.html">
5.1.2.1 Linkerd 使用指南
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5.1.3 微服务中的服务发现
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5.2 大数据
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2017-08-30 14:20:52 +08:00
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2017-08-30 14:20:52 +08:00
<a href="../usecases/spark-standalone-on-kubernetes.html">
2017-08-30 14:20:52 +08:00
5.2.1 Spark standalone on Kubernetes
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2017-08-31 14:23:44 +08:00
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.2" data-path="../usecases/support-spark-natively-in-kubernetes.html">
<a href="../usecases/support-spark-natively-in-kubernetes.html">
5.2.2 运行支持kubernetes原生调度的Spark程序
</a>
</li>
</ul>
2017-08-30 16:52:33 +08:00
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5.3 Serverless架构
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6. 开发指南
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.1" data-path="developing-environment.html">
<a href="developing-environment.html">
6.1 开发环境搭建
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6.2 单元测试和集成测试
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6.3 client-go示例
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6.4 社区贡献
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7. 附录
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7.1 Docker最佳实践
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7.2 问题记录
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7.3 使用技巧
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<h1 id="kubernetes&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;">Kubernetes&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;</h1>
<h2 id="&#x5355;&#x5143;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;">&#x5355;&#x5143;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;</h2>
<p>&#x5355;&#x5143;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x4EC5;&#x4F9D;&#x8D56;&#x4E8E;&#x6E90;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#xFF0C;&#x662F;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x903B;&#x8F91;&#x662F;&#x5426;&#x7B26;&#x5408;&#x9884;&#x671F;&#x7684;&#x6700;&#x7B80;&#x5355;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x3002;</p>
<p><strong>&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x7684;&#x5355;&#x5143;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;</strong></p>
<pre><code>make test
</code></pre><p><strong>&#x4EC5;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x6307;&#x5B9A;&#x7684;package</strong></p>
<pre><code class="lang-sh"><span class="hljs-comment"># &#x5355;&#x4E2A;package</span>
make <span class="hljs-built_in">test</span> WHAT=./pkg/api
<span class="hljs-comment"># &#x591A;&#x4E2A;packages</span>
make <span class="hljs-built_in">test</span> WHAT=./pkg/{api,kubelet}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x6216;&#x8005;&#xFF0C;&#x4E5F;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x76F4;&#x63A5;&#x7528;<code>go test</code></p>
<pre><code class="lang-sh">go <span class="hljs-built_in">test</span> -v k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/kubelet
</code></pre>
<p><strong>&#x4EC5;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x6307;&#x5B9A;package&#x7684;&#x67D0;&#x4E2A;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;case</strong></p>
<pre><code># Runs TestValidatePod in pkg/api/validation with the verbose flag set
make test WHAT=./pkg/api/validation KUBE_GOFLAGS=&quot;-v&quot; KUBE_TEST_ARGS=&apos;-run ^TestValidatePod$&apos;
# Runs tests that match the regex ValidatePod|ValidateConfigMap in pkg/api/validation
make test WHAT=./pkg/api/validation KUBE_GOFLAGS=&quot;-v&quot; KUBE_TEST_ARGS=&quot;-run ValidatePod\|ValidateConfigMap$&quot;
</code></pre><p>&#x6216;&#x8005;&#x76F4;&#x63A5;&#x7528;<code>go test</code></p>
<pre><code>go test -v k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/api/validation -run ^TestValidatePod$
</code></pre><p><strong>&#x5E76;&#x884C;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;</strong></p>
<p>&#x5E76;&#x884C;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x662F;root out flakes&#x7684;&#x4E00;&#x79CD;&#x6709;&#x6548;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-sh"><span class="hljs-comment"># Have 2 workers run all tests 5 times each (10 total iterations).</span>
make <span class="hljs-built_in">test</span> PARALLEL=2 ITERATION=5
</code></pre>
<p><strong>&#x751F;&#x6210;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x62A5;&#x544A;</strong></p>
<pre><code>make test KUBE_COVER=y
</code></pre><h2 id="benchmark&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;">Benchmark&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;</h2>
<pre><code>go test ./pkg/apiserver -benchmem -run=XXX -bench=BenchmarkWatch
</code></pre><h2 id="&#x96C6;&#x6210;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;">&#x96C6;&#x6210;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;</h2>
<p>Kubernetes&#x96C6;&#x6210;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x5B89;&#x88C5;etcd&#xFF08;&#x53EA;&#x8981;&#x6309;&#x7167;&#x5373;&#x53EF;&#xFF0C;&#x4E0D;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x542F;&#x52A8;&#xFF09;&#xFF0C;&#x6BD4;&#x5982;</p>
<pre><code>hack/install-etcd.sh # Installs in ./third_party/etcd
echo export PATH=&quot;\$PATH:$(pwd)/third_party/etcd&quot; &gt;&gt; ~/.profile # Add to PATH
</code></pre><p>&#x96C6;&#x6210;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x4F1A;&#x5728;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x7684;&#x65F6;&#x5019;&#x81EA;&#x52A8;&#x542F;&#x52A8;etcd&#x548C;kubernetes&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#xFF0C;&#x5E76;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;<a href="https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/tree/master/test/integration" target="_blank">test/integration</a>&#x91CC;&#x9762;&#x7684;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x3002;</p>
<p><strong>&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x96C6;&#x6210;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;</strong></p>
<pre><code class="lang-sh">make <span class="hljs-built_in">test</span>-integration <span class="hljs-comment"># Run all integration tests.</span>
</code></pre>
<p><strong>&#x6307;&#x5B9A;&#x96C6;&#x6210;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x7528;&#x4F8B;</strong></p>
<pre><code class="lang-sh"><span class="hljs-comment"># Run integration test TestPodUpdateActiveDeadlineSeconds with the verbose flag set.</span>
make <span class="hljs-built_in">test</span>-integration KUBE_GOFLAGS=<span class="hljs-string">&quot;-v&quot;</span> KUBE_TEST_ARGS=<span class="hljs-string">&quot;-run ^TestPodUpdateActiveDeadlineSeconds$&quot;</span>
</code></pre>
<h2 id="end-to-end-e2e&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;">End to end (e2e)&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;</h2>
<p>End to end (e2e) &#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x6A21;&#x62DF;&#x7528;&#x6237;&#x884C;&#x4E3A;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;Kubernetes&#xFF0C;&#x7528;&#x6765;&#x4FDD;&#x8BC1;Kubernetes&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x6216;&#x96C6;&#x7FA4;&#x7684;&#x884C;&#x4E3A;&#x5B8C;&#x5168;&#x7B26;&#x5408;&#x8BBE;&#x8BA1;&#x9884;&#x671F;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x5728;&#x5F00;&#x542F;e2e&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x4E4B;&#x524D;&#xFF0C;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x5148;&#x7F16;&#x8BD1;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#xFF0C;&#x5E76;&#x8BBE;&#x7F6E;KUBERNETES_PROVIDER&#xFF08;&#x9ED8;&#x8BA4;&#x4E3A;gce&#xFF09;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code>make WHAT=&apos;test/e2e/e2e.test&apos;
make ginkgo
export KUBERNETES_PROVIDER=local
</code></pre><p><strong>&#x542F;&#x52A8;cluster&#xFF0C;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#xFF0C;&#x6700;&#x540E;&#x505C;&#x6B62;cluster</strong></p>
<pre><code class="lang-sh"><span class="hljs-comment"># build Kubernetes, up a cluster, run tests, and tear everything down</span>
go run hack/e2e.go -- -v --build --up --test --down
</code></pre>
<p><strong>&#x4EC5;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x6307;&#x5B9A;&#x7684;&#x7528;&#x4F8B;</strong></p>
<pre><code class="lang-sh">go run hack/e2e.go -v -test --test_args=<span class="hljs-string">&apos;--ginkgo.focus=Kubectl\sclient\s\[k8s\.io\]\sKubectl\srolling\-update\sshould\ssupport\srolling\-update\sto\ssame\simage\s\[Conformance\]$&apos;</span>
</code></pre>
<p><strong>&#x7565;&#x8FC7;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x7528;&#x4F8B;</strong></p>
<pre><code class="lang-sh">go run hack/e2e.go -- -v --test --test_args=<span class="hljs-string">&quot;--ginkgo.skip=Pods.*env
</span></code></pre>
<p><strong>&#x5E76;&#x884C;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;</strong></p>
<pre><code class="lang-sh"><span class="hljs-comment"># Run tests in parallel, skip any that must be run serially</span>
GINKGO_PARALLEL=y go run hack/e2e.go --v --test --test_args=<span class="hljs-string">&quot;--ginkgo.skip=\[Serial\]&quot;</span>
<span class="hljs-comment"># Run tests in parallel, skip any that must be run serially and keep the test namespace if test failed</span>
GINKGO_PARALLEL=y go run hack/e2e.go --v --test --test_args=<span class="hljs-string">&quot;--ginkgo.skip=\[Serial\] --delete-namespace-on-failure=false&quot;</span>
</code></pre>
<p><strong>&#x6E05;&#x7406;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;</strong></p>
<pre><code class="lang-sh">go run hack/e2e.go -- -v --down
</code></pre>
<p><strong>&#x6709;&#x7528;&#x7684;<code>-ctl</code></strong></p>
<pre><code class="lang-sh"><span class="hljs-comment"># -ctl can be used to quickly call kubectl against your e2e cluster. Useful for</span>
<span class="hljs-comment"># cleaning up after a failed test or viewing logs. Use -v to avoid suppressing</span>
<span class="hljs-comment"># kubectl output.</span>
go run hack/e2e.go -- -v -ctl=<span class="hljs-string">&apos;get events&apos;</span>
go run hack/e2e.go -- -v -ctl=<span class="hljs-string">&apos;delete pod foobar&apos;</span>
</code></pre>
<h2 id="fedaration-e2e&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;">Fedaration e2e&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;</h2>
<pre><code class="lang-sh"><span class="hljs-built_in">export</span> FEDERATION=<span class="hljs-literal">true</span>
<span class="hljs-built_in">export</span> E2E_ZONES=<span class="hljs-string">&quot;us-central1-a us-central1-b us-central1-f&quot;</span>
<span class="hljs-comment"># or export FEDERATION_PUSH_REPO_BASE=&quot;quay.io/colin_hom&quot;</span>
<span class="hljs-built_in">export</span> FEDERATION_PUSH_REPO_BASE=<span class="hljs-string">&quot;gcr.io/<span class="hljs-variable">${GCE_PROJECT_NAME}</span>&quot;</span>
<span class="hljs-comment"># build container images</span>
KUBE_RELEASE_RUN_TESTS=n KUBE_FASTBUILD=<span class="hljs-literal">true</span> go run hack/e2e.go -- -v -build
<span class="hljs-comment"># push the federation container images</span>
build/push-federation-images.sh
<span class="hljs-comment"># Deploy federation control plane</span>
go run hack/e2e.go -- -v --up
<span class="hljs-comment"># Finally, run the tests</span>
go run hack/e2e.go -- -v --test --test_args=<span class="hljs-string">&quot;--ginkgo.focus=\[Feature:Federation\]&quot;</span>
<span class="hljs-comment"># Don&apos;t forget to teardown everything down</span>
go run hack/e2e.go -- -v --down
</code></pre>
<p>&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x7528;<code>cluster/log-dump.sh &lt;directory&gt;</code>&#x65B9;&#x4FBF;&#x7684;&#x4E0B;&#x8F7D;&#x76F8;&#x5173;&#x65E5;&#x5FD7;&#xFF0C;&#x5E2E;&#x52A9;&#x6392;&#x67E5;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x4E2D;&#x78B0;&#x5230;&#x7684;&#x95EE;&#x9898;&#x3002;</p>
<h2 id="node-e2e&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;">Node e2e&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;</h2>
<p>Node e2e&#x4EC5;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;Kubelet&#x7684;&#x76F8;&#x5173;&#x529F;&#x80FD;&#xFF0C;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5728;&#x672C;&#x5730;&#x6216;&#x8005;&#x96C6;&#x7FA4;&#x4E2D;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-sh"><span class="hljs-built_in">export</span> KUBERNETES_PROVIDER=<span class="hljs-built_in">local</span>
make <span class="hljs-built_in">test</span><span class="hljs-_">-e</span>2e-node FOCUS=<span class="hljs-string">&quot;InitContainer&quot;</span>
make <span class="hljs-built_in">test</span>_e2e_node TEST_ARGS=<span class="hljs-string">&quot;--experimental-cgroups-per-qos=true&quot;</span>
</code></pre>
<h2 id="&#x8865;&#x5145;&#x8BF4;&#x660E;">&#x8865;&#x5145;&#x8BF4;&#x660E;</h2>
<p>&#x501F;&#x52A9;kubectl&#x7684;&#x6A21;&#x7248;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x65B9;&#x4FBF;&#x83B7;&#x53D6;&#x60F3;&#x8981;&#x7684;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#xFF0C;&#x6BD4;&#x5982;&#x67E5;&#x8BE2;&#x67D0;&#x4E2A;container&#x7684;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x7684;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x4E3A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-sh">kubectl get pods nginx-4263166205-ggst4 -o template <span class="hljs-string">&apos;--template={{if (exists . &quot;status&quot; &quot;containerStatuses&quot;)}}{{range .status.containerStatuses}}{{if eq .name &quot;nginx&quot;}}{{.image}}{{end}}{{end}}{{end}}&apos;</span>
</code></pre>
<h2 id="&#x53C2;&#x8003;&#x6587;&#x6863;">&#x53C2;&#x8003;&#x6587;&#x6863;</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/kubernetes/community/blob/master/contributors/devel/testing.md" target="_blank">Kubernetes testing</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/kubernetes/community/blob/master/contributors/devel/e2e-tests.md" target="_blank">End-to-End Testing</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/kubernetes/community/blob/master/contributors/devel/e2e-node-tests.md" target="_blank">Node e2e test</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/kubernetes/community/blob/master/contributors/devel/writing-good-e2e-tests.md" target="_blank">How to write e2e test</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/kubernetes/community/blob/master/contributors/devel/coding-conventions.md#testing-conventions" target="_blank">Coding Conventions</a></li>
</ul>
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