2017-10-27 11:59:37 +08:00
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序言
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1. Kubernetes与云原生应用概览
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2. 概念原理
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2.1 设计理念
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2.2 Objects
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2.2.1 Pod
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2.2.1.1 Pod解析
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2.2.1.2 Init容器
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2.2.1.3 Pod安全策略
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2.2.1.4 Pod的生命周期
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2.2.2 Node
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2.2.3 Namespace
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2.2.4 Service
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2.2.5 Volume和Persistent Volume
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2.2.6 Deployment
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2.2.7 Secret
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2.2.8 StatefulSet
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2.2.9 DaemonSet
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2.2.10 ServiceAccount
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2.2.11 ReplicationController和ReplicaSet
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2.2.12 Job
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2.2.13 CronJob
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2.2.14 Ingress
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2.2.15 ConfigMap
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2.2.16 Horizontal Pod Autoscaling
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2.2.17 Label
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2.2.18 垃圾收集
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2.2.19 NetworkPolicy
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3. 用户指南
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3.1 资源对象配置
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3.1.1 配置Pod的liveness和readiness探针
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3.1.2 配置Pod的Service Account
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3.1.3 Secret配置
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3.2.3 管理namespace中的资源配额
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3.2 命令使用
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3.2.1 使用kubectl
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3.2.2 docker用户过度到kubectl命令行指南
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3.3 集群安全性管理
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3.3.1 管理集群中的TLS
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3.3.2 kubelet的认证授权
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3.3.3 TLS bootstrap
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3.3.4 kubectl的用户认证授权
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3.3.5 RBAC——基于角色的访问控制
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3.3.6 IP伪装代理
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3.4 访问 Kubernetes 集群
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3.4.1 访问集群
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3.4.2 使用 kubeconfig 文件配置跨集群认证
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3.4.3 通过端口转发访问集群中的应用程序
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3.4.4 使用 service 访问群集中的应用程序
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3.5 在kubernetes中开发部署应用
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3.5.1 适用于kubernetes的应用开发部署流程
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3.5.2 迁移传统应用到kubernetes中——以Hadoop YARN为例
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3.5.3 使用StatefulSet部署用状态应用
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4. 最佳实践
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4.1 在CentOS上部署kubernetes1.6集群
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4.1.1 创建TLS证书和秘钥
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4.1.2 创建kubeconfig文件
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4.1.3 创建高可用etcd集群
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4.1.4 安装kubectl命令行工具
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4.1.5 部署master节点
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4.1.6 部署node节点
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4.1.7 安装kubedns插件
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4.1.8 安装dashboard插件
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4.1.9 安装heapster插件
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4.1.10 安装EFK插件
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4.2 服务发现与负载均衡
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4.2.1 安装Traefik ingress
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4.2.2 分布式负载测试
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4.2.3 网络和集群性能测试
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4.2.4 边缘节点配置
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4.2.5 安装Nginx ingress
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4.3 运维管理
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4.3.1 服务滚动升级
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4.3.2 应用日志收集
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4.3.3 配置最佳实践
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4.3.4 集群及应用监控
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4.3.6 数据持久化问题
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4.3.7 管理容器的计算资源
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4.3.8 使用Prometheus监控kubernetes集群
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4.3.9 使用Heapster获取集群和对象的metric数据
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4.3.10 手动集群升级
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4.4 存储管理
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4.4.1 GlusterFS
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4.4.1.1 使用GlusterFS做持久化存储
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5.2.2 运行支持kubernetes原生调度的Spark程序
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< h1 id = "构建私有chart仓库" > 构 建 私 有 Chart仓 库 < / h1 >
< p > 使 用 Chart便 于 封 装 和 管 理 kubernetes中 的 应 用 ， 因 此 当 企 业 内 部 的 应 用 多 了 以 后 ， 互 相 依 赖 、 部 署 环 境 复 杂 之 后 ， 原 先 的 直 接 使 用 yaml文 件 的 管 理 方 式 已 经 不 再 适 应 生 产 的 需 要 ， 因 此 我 们 有 必 要 构 建 自 己 的 chart仓 库 。 < / p >
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< h2 id = "什么是chart" > 什 么 是 Chart< / h2 >
< p > Chart是 helm管 理 的 应 用 的 打 包 格 式 。 它 包 括 如 下 特 征 ： < / p >
< ul >
< li > Chart中 包 括 一 系 列 的 yaml格 式 的 描 述 文 件 。 < / li >
< li > 一 个 Chart只 用 来 部 署 单 个 的 应 用 的 ， 不 应 该 过 于 复 杂 ， 不 应 该 包 含 多 个 依 赖 ， 相 当 于 一 个 微 服 务 。 < / li >
< / ul >
< p > Chart有 特 定 的 目 录 结 构 ， 可 以 打 包 起 来 进 行 版 本 控 制 。 < / p >
< h3 id = "chart的组成结构" > Chart的 组 成 结 构 < / h3 >
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< p > 我 们 以 nginx的 chart为 例 ， 讲 解 chart的 组 成 结 构 。 < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > nginx/
Chart.yaml < span class = "hljs-comment" > # 必 须 ： 一 个 包 含 chart的 名 称 、 版 本 和 启 用 条 件 信 息 等 的 YAML文 件 < / span >
LICENSE < span class = "hljs-comment" > # 可 选 : chart的 许 可 证 < / span >
README.md < span class = "hljs-comment" > # 可 选 : 使 用 说 明 < / span >
requirements.yaml < span class = "hljs-comment" > # 可 选 : 该 chart的 依 赖 配 置 < / span >
values.yaml < span class = "hljs-comment" > # 必 须 ： 该 chart的 默 认 配 置 值 < / span >
charts/ < span class = "hljs-comment" > # 可 选 : 包 含 该 chart依 赖 的 chart< / span >
templates/ < span class = "hljs-comment" > # 可 选 ： kubernetes manifest文 件 模 板 ， 用 于 生 成 kubernetes yaml文 件 < / span >
templates/NOTES.txt < span class = "hljs-comment" > # 可 选 : 该 chart的 使 用 说 明 和 提 示 信 息 文 本 文 件 ， 作 为 helm install后 的 提 示 信 息 < / span >
< / code > < / pre >
< h3 id = "chart的安装方式" > Chart的 安 装 方 式 < / h3 >
< p > 安 装 chart主 要 分 为 安 装 本 地 定 义 的 chart和 远 程 chart仓 库 中 的 chart两 种 方 式 。 < / p >
< p > < strong > 安 装 本 地 chart< / strong > < / p >
< ul >
< li > 指 定 本 地 chart目 录 ： helm install .< / li >
< li > 指 定 本 地 chart压 缩 包 ： helm install nginx-1.2.3.tgz< / li >
< / ul >
< p > < strong > 安 装 chart仓 库 中 的 chart< / strong > < / p >
< ul >
< li > 使 用 默 认 的 远 程 仓 库 ： helm install stable/nginx< / li >
< li > 使 用 指 定 的 仓 库 ： helm install localhost:8879/nginx-1.2.3.tgz< / li >
< / ul >
< p > 实 际 上 可 以 将 chart打 包 后 作 为 静 态 文 件 托 管 到 web服 务 器 上 ， 例 如 GitHub pages作 为 chart仓 库 也 可 以 。 < / p >
< h3 id = "依赖管理" > 依 赖 管 理 < / h3 >
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< p > 有 两 种 方 式 来 管 理 chart的 依 赖 。 < / p >
< ul >
< li > 直 接 在 本 的 chart的 < code > charts< / code > 目 录 下 定 义 < / li >
< li > 通 过 在 < code > requirements.yaml< / code > 文 件 中 定 义 依 赖 的 chart< / li >
< / ul >
< p > 在 每 个 chart的 < code > charts< / code > 目 录 下 可 以 定 义 依 赖 的 子 chart。 子 chart有 如 下 特 点 ： < / p >
< ul >
< li > 无 法 访 问 父 chart中 的 配 置 < / li >
< li > 父 chart可 以 覆 盖 子 chart中 的 配 置 < / li >
< / ul >
< h2 id = "chart仓库" > Chart仓 库 < / h2 >
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< p > Chart 仓 库 （ repository） 是 一 个 用 来 托 管 < code > index.yaml< / code > 文 件 和 打 包 好 的 chart文 件 的 web服 务 器 。 当 前 chart仓 库 本 身 没 有 设 置 身 份 和 权 限 验 证 ， 查 看 < a href = "https://github.com/kubernetes/helm/issues/1038" target = "_blank" > 此 链 接 < / a > 获 取 该 问 题 的 最 新 进 展 。 < / p >
< p > 因 为 chart仓 库 只 是 一 个 HTTP服 务 ， 通 过 HTTP GET获 取 YAML文 件 和 chart的 压 缩 包 ， 所 以 可 以 将 这 些 文 件 存 储 在 web服 务 器 中 ， 例 如 GCS、 Amazon S3、 GitHub Pages等 。 < / p >
< p > 关 于 chart仓 库 的 更 多 信 息 请 参 考 < a href = "https://github.com/kubernetes/helm/blob/master/docs/chart_repository.md" target = "_blank" > Helm chart文 档 < / a > 。 < / p >
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< h2 id = "构建monocular-ui" > 构 建 Monocular UI< / h2 >
< p > 参 考 < a href = "Monocular%20UI" > Monocular UI< / a > 构 建 UI。 < / p >
< p > 克 隆 项 目 到 本 地 < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > git < span class = "hljs-built_in" > clone< / span > https://github.com/kubernetes-helm/monocular.git
< / code > < / pre >
< h3 id = "依赖环境" > 依 赖 环 境 < / h3 >
< ul >
< li > < a href = "https://angular.io/" target = "_blank" > Angular 2< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "https://github.com/angular/angular-cli" target = "_blank" > angular/cli< / a > < / li >
< li > Typescript< / li >
< li > Sass< / li >
< li > < a href = "https://webpack.github.io/" target = "_blank" > Webpack< / a > < / li >
< li > Bootstrap< / li >
< / ul >
< p > 在 < code > monoclar/scr/ui< / code > 目 录 下 执 行 以 下 命 令 安 装 依 赖 ： < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > yarn install
npm install -g @angular/cli
npm install -g typescript
npm install -g webpack
< / code > < / pre >
< h2 id = "运行" > 运 行 < / h2 >
< h3 id = "使用docker-compose" > 使 用 docker-compose< / h3 >
< p > 最 简 单 的 运 行 方 式 使 用 < a href = "https://docs.docker.com/compose/" target = "_blank" > docker-compose< / a > ： < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > docker-comopse up
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 该 命 令 需 要 用 到 如 下 镜 像 ： < / p >
< ul >
< li > bitnami/mongodb:3< / li >
< li > bitnami/node:8< / li >
< li > quay.io/deis/go-dev:v1.5.0< / li >
< / ul >
< p > 会 有 一 个 很 长 的 build过 程 ， 构 建 失 败 。 < / p >
< h3 id = "使用helm" > 使 用 helm< / h3 >
< p > 首 先 需 要 已 在 本 地 安 装 了 helm， 并 在 kubernetes集 群 中 安 装 了 tiller， 见 < a href = "helm.html" > 使 用 helm管 理 kubernetes应 用 < / a > 。 < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > < span class = "hljs-comment" > # 需 要 安 装 nginx ingress< / span >
$ helm install stable/nginx-ingress
$ helm repo add monocular https://kubernetes-helm.github.io/monocular
$ helm install monocular/monocular
< / code > < / pre >
< figure id = "fig1.5.5.2.1" > < img src = "../images/helm-monocular-jimmysong.jpg" alt = "Helm monocular界面" > < figcaption > 图 片 - Helm monocular界 面 < / figcaption > < / figure >
< p > 因 为 nginx ingress配 置 问 题 ， 因 为 官 方 的 chart中 api与 ui使 用 的 是 同 样 的 domain name， 我 使 用 的 是 traefik ingress， < code > api< / code > 访 问 不 到 ， 所 以 加 载 不 了 chart。 < / p >
< h2 id = "参考" > 参 考 < / h2 >
< p > < a href = "" > Monocular UI< / a > < / p >
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< p > < a href = "https://github.com/kubernetes/helm/blob/master/docs/charts.md" target = "_blank" > Helm Chart - GitHub< / a > < / p >
< p > < a href = "https://www.kubernetes.org.cn/2706.html" target = "_blank" > 简 化 Kubernetes应 用 部 署 工 具 -Helm之 应 用 部 署 < / a > < / p >
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< footer class = "page-footer" > < span class = "copyright" > Copyright © jimmysong.io 2017 all right reserved， powered by Gitbook< / span > < span class = "footer-modification" > Updated:
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