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序言
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1. Kubernetes与云原生应用概览
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2. 概念原理
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2.1 设计理念
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2.2 Objects
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2.2.1 Pod
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2.2.1.1 Pod解析
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2.2.1.2 Init容器
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2.2.1.3 Pod安全策略
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2.2.1.4 Pod的生命周期
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2.2.2 Node
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2.2.3 Namespace
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2.2.4 Service
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2.2.5 Volume和Persistent Volume
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2.2.6 Deployment
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2.2.7 Secret
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2.2.8 StatefulSet
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2.2.9 DaemonSet
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2.2.10 ServiceAccount
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2.2.11 ReplicationController和ReplicaSet
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2.2.12 Job
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2.2.13 CronJob
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2.2.14 Ingress
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2.2.15 ConfigMap
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2.2.15.1 ConfigMap的热更新
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2.2.16 Horizontal Pod Autoscaling
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2.2.17 Label
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2.2.18 垃圾收集
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2.2.19 NetworkPolicy
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2.2.20 Annotation
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3. 用户指南
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3.1 资源对象配置
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3.1.1 配置Pod的liveness和readiness探针
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3.1.2 配置Pod的Service Account
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3.1.3 Secret配置
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3.2.3 管理namespace中的资源配额
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3.2 命令使用
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3.2.1 docker用户过度到kubectl命令行指南
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3.2.2 kubectl命令概览
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3.2.3 kubectl命令技巧大全
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3.3 集群安全性管理
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3.3.1 管理集群中的TLS
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3.3.2 kubelet的认证授权
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3.3.3 TLS bootstrap
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3.3.4 创建用户认证授权的kubeconfig文件
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3.3.5 RBAC——基于角色的访问控制
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3.3.6 IP伪装代理
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3.4 访问 Kubernetes 集群
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3.4.1 访问集群
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3.4.2 使用 kubeconfig 文件配置跨集群认证
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3.4.3 通过端口转发访问集群中的应用程序
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3.4.4 使用 service 访问群集中的应用程序
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3.5 在kubernetes中开发部署应用
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3.5.1 适用于kubernetes的应用开发部署流程
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3.5.2 迁移传统应用到kubernetes中——以Hadoop YARN为例
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3.5.3 使用StatefulSet部署用状态应用
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4. 最佳实践
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4.1 在CentOS上部署kubernetes1.6集群
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4.1.1 创建TLS证书和秘钥
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4.1.2 创建kubeconfig文件
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4.1.3 创建高可用etcd集群
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4.1.4 安装kubectl命令行工具
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4.1.5 部署master节点
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4.1.6 部署node节点
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4.1.7 安装kubedns插件
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4.1.8 安装dashboard插件
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4.1.9 安装heapster插件
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4.1.10 安装EFK插件
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4.2 服务发现与负载均衡
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4.2.1 安装Traefik ingress
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4.2.2 分布式负载测试
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4.2.3 网络和集群性能测试
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4.2.4 边缘节点配置
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4.2.5 安装Nginx ingress
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4.3 运维管理
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4.3.1 服务滚动升级
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4.3.2 应用日志收集
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4.3.3 配置最佳实践
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4.3.4 集群及应用监控
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4.3.6 数据持久化问题
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4.3.7 管理容器的计算资源
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4.4 存储管理
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4.4.1 GlusterFS
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4.4.1.1 使用GlusterFS做持久化存储
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.5.4.1.2" data-path = "../practice/storage-for-containers-using-glusterfs-with-openshift.html" >
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< a href = "../practice/storage-for-containers-using-glusterfs-with-openshift.html" >
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4.4.1.2 在OpenShift中使用GlusterFS做持久化存储
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< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.5.4.2" data-path = "../practice/cephfs.html" >
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< a href = "../practice/cephfs.html" >
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4.4.2 CephFS
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< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.5.4.2.1" data-path = "../practice/using-ceph-for-persistent-storage.html" >
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< a href = "../practice/using-ceph-for-persistent-storage.html" >
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4.4.2.1 使用Ceph做持久化存储
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< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.5.5" data-path = "../practice/monitoring.html" >
< a href = "../practice/monitoring.html" >
4.5 集群与应用监控
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< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.5.5.1" data-path = "../practice/heapster.html" >
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< a href = "../practice/heapster.html" >
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4.5.1 Heapster
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< / a >
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< ul class = "articles" >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.5.5.1.1" data-path = "../practice/using-heapster-to-get-object-metrics.html" >
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< a href = "../practice/using-heapster-to-get-object-metrics.html" >
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4.5.1.1 使用Heapster获取集群和对象的metric数据
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< / ul >
< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.5.5.2" data-path = "../practice/prometheus.html" >
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< a href = "../practice/prometheus.html" >
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4.5.2 Prometheus
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< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.5.5.2.1" data-path = "../practice/using-prometheus-to-monitor-kuberentes-cluster.html" >
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< a href = "../practice/using-prometheus-to-monitor-kuberentes-cluster.html" >
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4.5.2.1 使用Prometheus监控kubernetes集群
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.5.6" data-path = "../practice/services-management-tool.html" >
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< a href = "../practice/services-management-tool.html" >
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4.6 服务编排管理
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< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.5.6.1" data-path = "../practice/helm.html" >
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< a href = "../practice/helm.html" >
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4.6.1 使用Helm管理kubernetes应用
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< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.5.6.2" data-path = "../practice/create-private-charts-repo.html" >
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< a href = "../practice/create-private-charts-repo.html" >
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4.6.2 构建私有Chart仓库
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< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.5.7" data-path = "../practice/ci-cd.html" >
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< a href = "../practice/ci-cd.html" >
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4.7 持续集成与发布
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< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.5.7.1" data-path = "../practice/jenkins-ci-cd.html" >
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< a href = "../practice/jenkins-ci-cd.html" >
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4.7.1 使用Jenkins进行持续集成与发布
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< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.5.7.2" data-path = "../practice/drone-ci-cd.html" >
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< a href = "../practice/drone-ci-cd.html" >
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4.7.2 使用Drone进行持续集成与发布
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< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.5.8" data-path = "../practice/update-and-upgrade.html" >
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< a href = "../practice/update-and-upgrade.html" >
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4.8 更新与升级
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.5.8.1" data-path = "../practice/manually-upgrade.html" >
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< a href = "../practice/manually-upgrade.html" >
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4.8.1 手动升级kubernetes集群
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< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.5.8.2" data-path = "../practice/dashboard-upgrade.html" >
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< a href = "../practice/dashboard-upgrade.html" >
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4.8.2 升级dashboard
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< / a >
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< / ul >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.6" data-path = "../usecases/" >
< a href = "../usecases/" >
5. 领域应用
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.6.1" data-path = "../usecases/microservices.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/microservices.html" >
5.1 微服务架构
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.6.1.1" data-path = "../usecases/service-discovery-in-microservices.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/service-discovery-in-microservices.html" >
5.1.1 微服务中的服务发现
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< / ul >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.6.2" data-path = "../usecases/service-mesh.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/service-mesh.html" >
5.2 Service Mesh 服务网格
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.6.2.1" data-path = "../usecases/istio.html" >
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5.1.1 Istio
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.6.2.1.1" data-path = "../usecases/istio-installation.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/istio-installation.html" >
5.1.1.1 安装并试用Istio service mesh
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< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.6.2.1.2" data-path = "../usecases/configuring-request-routing.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/configuring-request-routing.html" >
5.1.1.2 配置请求的路由规则
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< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.6.2.1.3" data-path = "../usecases/install-and-expand-istio-mesh.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/install-and-expand-istio-mesh.html" >
5.1.1.3 安装和拓展Istio service mesh
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< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.6.2.1.4" data-path = "../usecases/integrating-vms.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/integrating-vms.html" >
5.1.1.4 集成虚拟机
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.6.2.2" data-path = "../usecases/linkerd.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/linkerd.html" >
5.1.2 Linkerd
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.6.2.2.1" data-path = "../usecases/linkerd-user-guide.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/linkerd-user-guide.html" >
5.1.2.1 Linkerd 使用指南
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.6.3" data-path = "../usecases/big-data.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/big-data.html" >
5.2 大数据
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.6.3.1" data-path = "../usecases/spark-standalone-on-kubernetes.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/spark-standalone-on-kubernetes.html" >
5.2.1 Spark standalone on Kubernetes
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< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.6.3.2" data-path = "../usecases/running-spark-with-kubernetes-native-scheduler.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/running-spark-with-kubernetes-native-scheduler.html" >
5.2.2 运行支持kubernetes原生调度的Spark程序
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.6.4" data-path = "../usecases/serverless.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/serverless.html" >
5.3 Serverless架构
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.6.5" data-path = "../usecases/edge-computing.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/edge-computing.html" >
5.4 边缘计算
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.7" data-path = "../develop/" >
< a href = "../develop/" >
6. 开发指南
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< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.7.1" data-path = "../develop/developing-environment.html" >
< a href = "../develop/developing-environment.html" >
6.1 开发环境搭建
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.7.2" data-path = "../develop/testing.html" >
< a href = "../develop/testing.html" >
6.2 单元测试和集成测试
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.7.3" data-path = "../develop/client-go-sample.html" >
< a href = "../develop/client-go-sample.html" >
6.3 client-go示例
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< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.7.4" data-path = "../develop/contribute.html" >
< a href = "../develop/contribute.html" >
6.4 社区贡献
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.7.5" data-path = "../develop/minikube.html" >
< a href = "../develop/minikube.html" >
6.5 Minikube
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< a href = "../appendix/" >
7. 附录
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.8.1" data-path = "../appendix/docker-best-practice.html" >
< a href = "../appendix/docker-best-practice.html" >
7.1 Docker最佳实践
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< a href = "../appendix/issues.html" >
7.2 问题记录
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< a href = "../appendix/tricks.html" >
7.3 使用技巧
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.8.4" data-path = "../appendix/debug-kubernetes-services.html" >
< a href = "../appendix/debug-kubernetes-services.html" >
7.4 kubernetes中的应用故障排查
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< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.8.5" data-path = "../appendix/material-share.html" >
< a href = "../appendix/material-share.html" >
7.5 Kubernetes相关资讯和情报链接
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< li class = "divider" > < / li >
< li >
< a href = "https://www.gitbook.com" target = "blank" class = "gitbook-link" >
本书使用 GitBook 发布
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< / nav >
< / div >
< div class = "book-body" >
< div class = "body-inner" >
< div class = "book-header" role = "navigation" >
<!-- Title -->
< h1 >
< i class = "fa fa-circle-o-notch fa-spin" > < / i >
< a href = ".." > 2.2.15.1 ConfigMap的热更新< / a >
< / h1 >
< / div >
< div class = "page-wrapper" tabindex = "-1" role = "main" >
< div class = "page-inner" >
< div class = "search-plus" id = "book-search-results" >
< div class = "search-noresults" >
< section class = "normal markdown-section" >
< h1 id = "configmap的热更新" > ConfigMap的 热 更 新 < / h1 >
< p > ConfigMap是 用 来 存 储 配 置 文 件 的 kubernetes资 源 对 象 ， 所 有 的 配 置 内 容 都 存 储 在 etcd中 ， 下 文 主 要 是 探 究 ConfigMap 的 创 建 和 更 新 流 程 ， 以 及 对 ConfigMap 更 新 后 容 器 内 挂 载 的 内 容 是 否 同 步 更 新 的 测 试 。 < / p >
< h2 id = "测试示例" > 测 试 示 例 < / h2 >
< p > 假 设 我 们 在 < code > default< / code > namespace 下 有 一 个 名 为 < code > nginx-config< / code > 的 ConfigMap， 可 以 使 用 < code > kubectl< / code > 命 令 来 获 取 ： < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > $ kubectl get configmap nginx-config
NAME DATA AGE
nginx-config 1 99d
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 获 取 该 ConfigMap的 内 容 。 < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > kubectl get configmap nginx-config -o yaml
< / code > < / pre >
< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > apiVersion: v1
data:
nginx.conf: |-
worker_processes 1;
events { worker_connections 1024; }
http {
sendfile on;
server {
listen 80;
< span class = "hljs-comment" > # a test endpoint that returns http 200s< / span >
location / {
proxy_pass http://httpstat.us/200;
proxy_< span class = "hljs-built_in" > set< / span > _header X-Real-IP < span class = "hljs-variable" > $remote_addr< / span > ;
}
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name api.hello.world;
location / {
proxy_pass http://l5d.default.svc.cluster.local;
proxy_< span class = "hljs-built_in" > set< / span > _header Host < span class = "hljs-variable" > $host< / span > ;
proxy_< span class = "hljs-built_in" > set< / span > _header Connection < span class = "hljs-string" > " " < / span > ;
proxy_http_version 1.1;
more_clear_input_headers < span class = "hljs-string" > ' l5d-ctx-*' < / span > < span class = "hljs-string" > ' l5d-dtab' < / span > < span class = "hljs-string" > ' l5d-sample' < / span > ;
}
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.hello.world;
location / {
< span class = "hljs-comment" > # allow ' employees' to perform dtab overrides< / span >
< span class = "hljs-keyword" > if< / span > (< span class = "hljs-variable" > $cookie_special_employee_cookie< / span > != < span class = "hljs-string" > " letmein" < / span > ) {
more_clear_input_headers < span class = "hljs-string" > ' l5d-ctx-*' < / span > < span class = "hljs-string" > ' l5d-dtab' < / span > < span class = "hljs-string" > ' l5d-sample' < / span > ;
}
< span class = "hljs-comment" > # add a dtab override to get people to our beta, world-v2< / span >
< span class = "hljs-built_in" > set< / span > < span class = "hljs-variable" > $xheader< / span > < span class = "hljs-string" > " " < / span > ;
< span class = "hljs-keyword" > if< / span > (< span class = "hljs-variable" > $cookie_special_employee_cookie< / span > ~* < span class = "hljs-string" > " dogfood" < / span > ) {
< span class = "hljs-built_in" > set< / span > < span class = "hljs-variable" > $xheader< / span > < span class = "hljs-string" > " /host/world => /srv/world-v2;" < / span > ;
}
proxy_< span class = "hljs-built_in" > set< / span > _header < span class = "hljs-string" > ' l5d-dtab' < / span > < span class = "hljs-variable" > $xheader< / span > ;
proxy_pass http://l5d.default.svc.cluster.local;
proxy_< span class = "hljs-built_in" > set< / span > _header Host < span class = "hljs-variable" > $host< / span > ;
proxy_< span class = "hljs-built_in" > set< / span > _header Connection < span class = "hljs-string" > " " < / span > ;
proxy_http_version 1.1;
}
}
}
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
creationTimestamp: 2017-08-01T06:53:17Z
name: nginx-config
namespace: default
resourceVersion: < span class = "hljs-string" > " 14925806" < / span >
selfLink: /api/v1/namespaces/default/configmaps/nginx-config
uid: 18d70527-7686-11e7-bfbd-8af1e3a7c5bd
< / code > < / pre >
< p > ConfigMap中 的 内 容 是 存 储 到 etcd中 的 ， 然 后 查 询 etcd： < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > ETCDCTL_API=3 etcdctl get /registry/configmaps/default/nginx-config
/registry/configmaps/default/nginx-config
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 注 意 使 用 v3 版 本 的 etcdctl API， 下 面 是 输 出 结 果 ： < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > k8s
v1 ConfigMap�
T
nginx-configdefault< span class = "hljs-string" > " *< span class = "hljs-variable" > $18d70527< / span > -7686-11e7-bfbd-8af1e3a7c5bd28B
� ʀ � � � � xz�
nginx.conf�
worker_processes 1;
events { worker_connections 1024; }
http {
sendfile on;
server {
listen 80;
# a test endpoint that returns http 200s
location / {
proxy_pass http://httpstat.us/200;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP < span class = "hljs-variable" > $remote_addr< / span > ;
}
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name api.hello.world;
location / {
proxy_pass http://l5d.default.svc.cluster.local;
proxy_set_header Host < span class = "hljs-variable" > $host< / span > ;
proxy_set_header Connection " < / span > < span class = "hljs-string" > " ;
proxy_http_version 1.1;
more_clear_input_headers ' l5d-ctx-*' ' l5d-dtab' ' l5d-sample' ;
}
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.hello.world;
location / {
# allow ' employees' to perform dtab overrides
if (< span class = "hljs-variable" > $cookie_special_employee_cookie< / span > != " < / span > letmein< span class = "hljs-string" > " ) {
more_clear_input_headers ' l5d-ctx-*' ' l5d-dtab' ' l5d-sample' ;
}
# add a dtab override to get people to our beta, world-v2
set < span class = "hljs-variable" > $xheader< / span > " < / span > < span class = "hljs-string" > " ;
if (< span class = "hljs-variable" > $cookie_special_employee_cookie< / span > ~* " < / span > dogfood< span class = "hljs-string" > " ) {
set < span class = "hljs-variable" > $xheader< / span > " < / span > /host/world => /srv/world-v2;< span class = "hljs-string" > " ;
}
proxy_set_header ' l5d-dtab' < span class = "hljs-variable" > $xheader< / span > ;
proxy_pass http://l5d.default.svc.cluster.local;
proxy_set_header Host < span class = "hljs-variable" > $host< / span > ;
proxy_set_header Connection " < / span > < span class = "hljs-string" > " ;
proxy_http_version 1.1;
}
}
}" < / span >
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 输 出 中 在 < code > nginx.conf< / code > 配 置 文 件 的 基 础 中 增 加 了 文 件 头 内 容 ， 是 kubernetes增 加 的 。 < / p >
< h2 id = "代码" > 代 码 < / h2 >
< p > ConfigMap 结 构 体 的 定 义 ： < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-go" > < span class = "hljs-comment" > // ConfigMap holds configuration data for pods to consume.< / span >
< span class = "hljs-keyword" > type< / span > ConfigMap < span class = "hljs-keyword" > struct< / span > {
metav1.TypeMeta < span class = "hljs-string" > `json:" ,inline" `< / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > // Standard object' s metadata.< / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > // More info: http://releases.k8s.io/HEAD/docs/devel/api-conventions.md#metadata< / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > // +optional< / span >
metav1.ObjectMeta < span class = "hljs-string" > `json:" metadata,omitempty" protobuf:" bytes,1,opt,name=metadata" `< / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > // Data contains the configuration data.< / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > // Each key must be a valid DNS_SUBDOMAIN with an optional leading dot.< / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > // +optional< / span >
Data < span class = "hljs-keyword" > map< / span > [< span class = "hljs-keyword" > string< / span > ]< span class = "hljs-keyword" > string< / span > < span class = "hljs-string" > `json:" data,omitempty" protobuf:" bytes,2,rep,name=data" `< / span >
}
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 在 < code > staging/src/k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes/typed/core/v1/configmap.go< / code > 中 ConfigMap 的 接 口 定 义 ： < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-go" > < span class = "hljs-comment" > // ConfigMapInterface has methods to work with ConfigMap resources.< / span >
< span class = "hljs-keyword" > type< / span > ConfigMapInterface < span class = "hljs-keyword" > interface< / span > {
Create(*v1.ConfigMap) (*v1.ConfigMap, error)
Update(*v1.ConfigMap) (*v1.ConfigMap, error)
Delete(name < span class = "hljs-keyword" > string< / span > , options *meta_v1.DeleteOptions) error
DeleteCollection(options *meta_v1.DeleteOptions, listOptions meta_v1.ListOptions) error
Get(name < span class = "hljs-keyword" > string< / span > , options meta_v1.GetOptions) (*v1.ConfigMap, error)
List(opts meta_v1.ListOptions) (*v1.ConfigMapList, error)
Watch(opts meta_v1.ListOptions) (watch.Interface, error)
Patch(name < span class = "hljs-keyword" > string< / span > , pt types.PatchType, data []< span class = "hljs-keyword" > byte< / span > , subresources ...< span class = "hljs-keyword" > string< / span > ) (result *v1.ConfigMap, err error)
ConfigMapExpansion
}
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 在 < code > staging/src/k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes/typed/core/v1/configmap.go< / code > 中 创 建 ConfigMap 的 方 法 如 下 :< / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-go" > < span class = "hljs-comment" > // Create takes the representation of a configMap and creates it. Returns the server' s representation of the configMap, and an error, if there is any.< / span >
< span class = "hljs-keyword" > func< / span > (c *configMaps) Create(configMap *v1.ConfigMap) (result *v1.ConfigMap, err error) {
result = & v1.ConfigMap{}
err = c.client.Post().
Namespace(c.ns).
Resource(< span class = "hljs-string" > " configmaps" < / span > ).
Body(configMap).
Do().
Into(result)
< span class = "hljs-keyword" > return< / span >
}
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 通 过 RESTful 请 求 在 etcd 中 存 储 ConfigMap 的 配 置 ， 该 方 法 中 设 置 了 资 源 对 象 的 namespace 和 HTTP 请 求 中 的 body， 执 行 后 将 请 求 结 果 保 存 到 result 中 返 回 给 调 用 者 。 < / p >
< p > < strong > 注 意 Body 的 结 构 < / strong > < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-java" > < span class = "hljs-comment" > // Body makes the request use obj as the body. Optional.< / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > // If obj is a string, try to read a file of that name.< / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > // If obj is a []byte, send it directly.< / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > // If obj is an io.Reader, use it directly.< / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > // If obj is a runtime.Object, marshal it correctly, and set Content-Type header.< / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > // If obj is a runtime.Object and nil, do nothing.< / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > // Otherwise, set an error.< / span >
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 创 建 ConfigMap RESTful 请 求 中 的 的 Body 中 包 含 < code > ObjectMeta< / code > 和 < code > namespace< / code > 。 < / p >
< p > HTTP 请 求 中 的 结 构 体 ： < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-go" > < span class = "hljs-comment" > // Request allows for building up a request to a server in a chained fashion.< / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > // Any errors are stored until the end of your call, so you only have to< / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > // check once.< / span >
< span class = "hljs-keyword" > type< / span > Request < span class = "hljs-keyword" > struct< / span > {
< span class = "hljs-comment" > // required< / span >
client HTTPClient
verb < span class = "hljs-keyword" > string< / span >
baseURL *url.URL
content ContentConfig
serializers Serializers
< span class = "hljs-comment" > // generic components accessible via method setters< / span >
pathPrefix < span class = "hljs-keyword" > string< / span >
subpath < span class = "hljs-keyword" > string< / span >
params url.Values
headers http.Header
< span class = "hljs-comment" > // structural elements of the request that are part of the Kubernetes API conventions< / span >
namespace < span class = "hljs-keyword" > string< / span >
namespaceSet < span class = "hljs-keyword" > bool< / span >
resource < span class = "hljs-keyword" > string< / span >
resourceName < span class = "hljs-keyword" > string< / span >
subresource < span class = "hljs-keyword" > string< / span >
timeout time.Duration
< span class = "hljs-comment" > // output< / span >
err error
body io.Reader
< span class = "hljs-comment" > // This is only used for per-request timeouts, deadlines, and cancellations.< / span >
ctx context.Context
backoffMgr BackoffManager
throttle flowcontrol.RateLimiter
}
< / code > < / pre >
< h2 id = "测试" > 测 试 < / h2 >
< p > 分 别 测 试 使 用 ConfigMap 挂 载 Env 和 Volume 的 情 况 。 < / p >
< h3 id = "更新使用configmap挂载的env" > 更 新 使 用 ConfigMap挂 载 的 Env< / h3 >
< p > 使 用 下 面 的 配 置 创 建 nginx 容 器 测 试 更 新 ConfigMap 后 容 器 内 的 环 境 变 量 是 否 也 跟 着 更 新 。 < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-yaml" > < span class = "hljs-attr" > apiVersion:< / span > extensions/v1beta1
< span class = "hljs-attr" > kind:< / span > Deployment
< span class = "hljs-attr" > metadata:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > name:< / span > my-nginx
< span class = "hljs-attr" > spec:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > replicas:< / span > < span class = "hljs-number" > 1< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > template:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > metadata:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > labels:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > run:< / span > my-nginx
< span class = "hljs-attr" > spec:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > containers:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > - name:< / span > my-nginx
< span class = "hljs-attr" > image:< / span > sz-pg-oam-docker-hub< span class = "hljs-bullet" > -001.< / span > tendcloud.com/library/nginx:< span class = "hljs-number" > 1.9< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > ports:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > - containerPort:< / span > < span class = "hljs-number" > 80< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > envFrom:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > - configMapRef:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > name:< / span > env-config
< span class = "hljs-meta" > ---< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > apiVersion:< / span > v1
< span class = "hljs-attr" > kind:< / span > ConfigMap
< span class = "hljs-attr" > metadata:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > name:< / span > env-config
< span class = "hljs-attr" > namespace:< / span > default
< span class = "hljs-attr" > data:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > log_level:< / span > INFO
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 获 取 环 境 变 量 的 值 < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > $ kubectl < span class = "hljs-built_in" > exec< / span > `kubectl get pods < span class = "hljs-_" > -l< / span > run=my-nginx -o=name|cut < span class = "hljs-_" > -d< / span > < span class = "hljs-string" > " /" < / span > < span class = "hljs-_" > -f< / span > 2` env|grep < span class = "hljs-built_in" > log< / span > _level
< span class = "hljs-built_in" > log< / span > _level=INFO
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 修 改 ConfigMap< / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > $ kubectl edit configmap env-config
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 修 改 < code > log_level< / code > 的 值 为 < code > DEBUG< / code > 。 < / p >
< p > 再 次 查 看 环 境 变 量 的 值 。 < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > $ kubectl < span class = "hljs-built_in" > exec< / span > `kubectl get pods < span class = "hljs-_" > -l< / span > run=my-nginx -o=name|cut < span class = "hljs-_" > -d< / span > < span class = "hljs-string" > " /" < / span > < span class = "hljs-_" > -f< / span > 2` env|grep < span class = "hljs-built_in" > log< / span > _level
< span class = "hljs-built_in" > log< / span > _level=INFO
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 实 践 证 明 修 改 ConfigMap 无 法 更 新 容 器 中 已 注 入 的 环 境 变 量 信 息 。 < / p >
< h3 id = "更新使用configmap挂载的volume" > 更 新 使 用 ConfigMap挂 载 的 Volume< / h3 >
< p > 使 用 下 面 的 配 置 创 建 nginx 容 器 测 试 更 新 ConfigMap 后 容 器 内 挂 载 的 文 件 是 否 也 跟 着 更 新 。 < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-yaml" > < span class = "hljs-attr" > apiVersion:< / span > extensions/v1beta1
< span class = "hljs-attr" > kind:< / span > Deployment
< span class = "hljs-attr" > metadata:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > name:< / span > my-nginx
< span class = "hljs-attr" > spec:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > replicas:< / span > < span class = "hljs-number" > 1< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > template:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > metadata:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > labels:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > run:< / span > my-nginx
< span class = "hljs-attr" > spec:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > containers:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > - name:< / span > my-nginx
< span class = "hljs-attr" > image:< / span > sz-pg-oam-docker-hub< span class = "hljs-bullet" > -001.< / span > tendcloud.com/library/nginx:< span class = "hljs-number" > 1.9< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > ports:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > - containerPort:< / span > < span class = "hljs-number" > 80< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > volumeMounts:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > - name:< / span > config-volume
< span class = "hljs-attr" > mountPath:< / span > /etc/config
< span class = "hljs-attr" > volumes:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > - name:< / span > config-volume
< span class = "hljs-attr" > configMap:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > name:< / span > special-config
< span class = "hljs-meta" > ---< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > apiVersion:< / span > v1
< span class = "hljs-attr" > kind:< / span > ConfigMap
< span class = "hljs-attr" > metadata:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > name:< / span > special-config
< span class = "hljs-attr" > namespace:< / span > default
< span class = "hljs-attr" > data:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > log_level:< / span > INFO
< / code > < / pre >
< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > $ kubectl < span class = "hljs-built_in" > exec< / span > `kubectl get pods < span class = "hljs-_" > -l< / span > run=my-nginx -o=name|cut < span class = "hljs-_" > -d< / span > < span class = "hljs-string" > " /" < / span > < span class = "hljs-_" > -f< / span > 2` cat /tmp/< span class = "hljs-built_in" > log< / span > _level
INFO
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 修 改 ConfigMap< / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > $ kubectl edit configmap special-config
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 修 改 < code > log_level< / code > 的 值 为 < code > DEBUG< / code > 。 < / p >
< p > 等 待 大 概 10秒 钟 时 间 ， 再 次 查 看 环 境 变 量 的 值 。 < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > $ kubectl < span class = "hljs-built_in" > exec< / span > `kubectl get pods < span class = "hljs-_" > -l< / span > run=my-nginx -o=name|cut < span class = "hljs-_" > -d< / span > < span class = "hljs-string" > " /" < / span > < span class = "hljs-_" > -f< / span > 2` cat /tmp/< span class = "hljs-built_in" > log< / span > _level
DEBUG
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 我 们 可 以 看 到 使 用 ConfigMap 方 式 挂 载 的 Volume 的 文 件 中 的 内 容 已 经 变 成 了 < code > DEBUG< / code > 。 < / p >
< h2 id = "总结" > 总 结 < / h2 >
< p > 更 新 ConfigMap 后 ： < / p >
< ul >
< li > 使 用 该 ConfigMap 挂 载 的 Env < strong > 不 会 < / strong > 同 步 更 新 < / li >
< li > 使 用 该 ConfigMap 挂 载 的 Volume 中 的 数 据 需 要 一 段 时 间 （ 实 测 大 概 10秒 ） 才 能 同 步 更 新 < / li >
< / ul >
< p > ENV 是 在 容 器 启 动 的 时 候 注 入 的 ， 启 动 之 后 kubernetes 就 不 会 再 改 变 环 境 变 量 的 值 ， 且 同 一 个 namespace 中 的 pod 的 环 境 变 量 是 不 断 累 加 的 ， 参 考 < a href = "https://jimmysong.io/posts/exploring-kubernetes-env-with-docker/" target = "_blank" > Kubernetes中 的 服 务 发 现 与 docker容 器 间 的 环 境 变 量 传 递 源 码 探 究 < / a > 。 为 了 更 新 容 器 中 使 用 ConfigMap 挂 载 的 配 置 ， 可 以 通 过 滚 动 更 新 pod 的 方 式 来 强 制 重 新 挂 载 ConfigMap， 也 可 以 在 更 新 了 ConfigMap 后 ， 先 将 副 本 数 设 置 为 0， 然 后 再 扩 容 。 < / p >
< h2 id = "参考" > 参 考 < / h2 >
< ul >
< li > < a href = "https://acotten.com/post/kube17-security" target = "_blank" > Kubernetes 1.7 security in practice< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "https://jimmysong.io/kubernetes-handbook/concepts/configmap.html" target = "_blank" > ConfigMap | kubernetes handbook - jimmysong.io< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "https://jimmysong.io/kubernetes-handbook/practice/etcd-cluster-installation.html" target = "_blank" > 创 建 高 可 用 ectd集 群 | Kubernetes handbook - jimmysong.io< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "https://jimmysong.io/posts/exploring-kubernetes-env-with-docker/" target = "_blank" > Kubernetes中 的 服 务 发 现 与 docker容 器 间 的 环 境 变 量 传 递 源 码 探 究 < / a > < / li >
< / ul >
< footer class = "page-footer" > < span class = "copyright" > Copyright © jimmysong.io 2017 all right reserved， powered by Gitbook< / span > < span class = "footer-modification" > Updated:
2017-11-08 19:26:57
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