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1. 前言
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2. 概念原理
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2.1 设计理念
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2.2 Objects
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2.2.1 Pod
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2.2.1.1 Pod解析
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2.2.1.2 Init容器
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2.2.2 Node
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2.2.3 Namespace
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2.2.4 Service
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2.2.5 Volume和Persistent Volume
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2.2.6 Deployment
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2.2.7 Secret
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2.2.8 StatefulSet
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2.2.9 DaemonSet
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2.2.10 ServiceAccount
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2.2.11 ReplicationController和ReplicaSet
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2.2.12 Job
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2.2.13 CronJob
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2.2.14 Ingress
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2.2.15 ConfigMap
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2.2.16 Horizontal Pod Autoscaling
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2.2.17 Label
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3. 用户指南
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3.1 资源配置
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3.1.1 配置Pod的liveness和readiness探针
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3.1.2 配置Pod的Service Account
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3.2 命令使用
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3.2.1 使用kubectl
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3.3 集群管理
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3.3.1 管理集群中的TLS
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3.3.2 kubelet的认证授权
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3.3.3 TLS bootstrap
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3.3.4 kubectl的用户认证授权
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3.3.5 RBAC——基于角色的访问控制
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3.4 访问 Kubernetes 集群
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3.4.1 访问集群
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3.4.2 使用 kubeconfig 文件配置跨集群认证
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3.4.3 通过端口转发访问集群中的应用程序
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3.4.4 使用 service 访问群集中的应用程序
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3.5 在kubernetes中开发部署应用
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3.5.1 适用于kubernetes的应用开发部署流程
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3.5.2 迁移传统应用到kubernetes中——以Hadoop YARN为例
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4. 最佳实践
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4.1 在CentOS上部署kubernetes1.6集群
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4.1.1 创建TLS证书和秘钥
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4.1.2 创建kubeconfig文件
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4.1.3 创建高可用etcd集群
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4.1.4 安装kubectl命令行工具
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4.1.5 部署master节点
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4.1.6 部署node节点
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4.1.7 安装kubedns插件
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4.1.8 安装dashboard插件
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4.1.9 安装heapster插件
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4.1.10 安装EFK插件
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4.2 服务发现与负载均衡
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4.2.1 安装Traefik ingress
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4.2.2 分布式负载测试
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4.2.3 网络和集群性能测试
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4.2.4 边缘节点配置
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4.3 运维管理
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4.3.1 服务滚动升级
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4.3.2 应用日志收集
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4.3.3 配置最佳实践
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4.3.4 集群及应用监控
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4.3.5 使用Jenkins进行持续构建与发布
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4.3.6 数据持久化问题
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4.4 存储管理
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4.4.1 GlusterFS
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4.4.1.1 使用GlusterFS做持久化存储
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4.4.1.2 在OpenShift中使用GlusterFS做持久化存储
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4.4.2 CephFS
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4.4.2.1 使用Ceph做持久化存储
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5. 领域应用
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5.1 微服务架构
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5.1.1 Istio
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5.1.1.1 安装istio
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5.1.1.2 配置请求的路由规则
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5.1.2 Linkerd
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5.1.2.1 Linkerd 使用指南
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5.1.3 微服务中的服务发现
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5.2 大数据
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5.2.1 Spark standalone on Kubernetes
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5.2.2 运行支持kubernetes原生调度的Spark程序
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5.3 Serverless架构
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< a href = ".." > 3.3.4 kubectl的用户认证授权< / a >
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< h1 id = "kubectl-的用户认证授权" > kubectl 的 用 户 认 证 授 权 < / h1 >
< p > 当 我 们 安 装 好 集 群 后 ， 如 果 想 要 把 kubectl 命 令 交 给 用 户 使 用 ， 就 不 得 不 对 用 户 的 身 份 进 行 认 证 和 对 其 权 限 做 出 限 制 。 < / p >
< p > 下 面 以 创 建 一 个 devuser 用 户 并 将 其 绑 定 到 dev 和 test 两 个 namespace 为 例 说 明 。 < / p >
< h2 id = "创建-ca-证书和秘钥" > 创 建 CA 证 书 和 秘 钥 < / h2 >
< p > < strong > 创 建 < code > devuser-csr.json< / code > 文 件 < / strong > < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-json" > {
< span class = "hljs-string" > " CN" < / span > : < span class = "hljs-string" > " devuser" < / span > ,
< span class = "hljs-string" > " hosts" < / span > : [],
< span class = "hljs-string" > " key" < / span > : {
< span class = "hljs-string" > " algo" < / span > : < span class = "hljs-string" > " rsa" < / span > ,
< span class = "hljs-string" > " size" < / span > : < span class = "hljs-number" > 2048< / span >
},
< span class = "hljs-string" > " names" < / span > : [
{
< span class = "hljs-string" > " C" < / span > : < span class = "hljs-string" > " CN" < / span > ,
< span class = "hljs-string" > " ST" < / span > : < span class = "hljs-string" > " BeiJing" < / span > ,
< span class = "hljs-string" > " L" < / span > : < span class = "hljs-string" > " BeiJing" < / span > ,
< span class = "hljs-string" > " O" < / span > : < span class = "hljs-string" > " k8s" < / span > ,
< span class = "hljs-string" > " OU" < / span > : < span class = "hljs-string" > " System" < / span >
}
]
}
< / code > < / pre >
< p > < strong > 生 成 CA 证 书 和 私 钥 < / strong > < / p >
< p > 在 < a href = "../practice/create-tls-and-secret-key.html" > 创 建 TLS 证 书 和 秘 钥 < / a > 一 节 中 我 们 将 生 成 的 证 书 和 秘 钥 放 在 了 所 有 节 点 的 < code > /etc/kubernetes/ssl< / code > 目 录 下 ， 下 面 我 们 再 在 master 节 点 上 为 devuser 创 建 证 书 和 秘 钥 ， 在 < code > /etc/kubernetes/ssl< / code > 目 录 下 执 行 以 下 命 令 ： < / p >
< p > 执 行 该 命 令 前 请 先 确 保 该 目 录 下 已 经 包 含 如 下 文 件 ： < / p >
< pre > < code > ca-key.pem ca.pem ca-config.json devuser-csr.json
< / code > < / pre > < pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > $ cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes devuser-csr.json | cfssljson -bare devuser
2017/08/31 13:31:54 [INFO] generate received request
2017/08/31 13:31:54 [INFO] received CSR
2017/08/31 13:31:54 [INFO] generating key: rsa-2048
2017/08/31 13:31:55 [INFO] encoded CSR
2017/08/31 13:31:55 [INFO] signed certificate with serial number 43372632012323103879829229080989286813242051309
2017/08/31 13:31:55 [WARNING] This certificate lacks a < span class = "hljs-string" > " hosts" < / span > field. This makes it unsuitable < span class = "hljs-keyword" > for< / span >
websites. For more information see the Baseline Requirements < span class = "hljs-keyword" > for< / span > the Issuance and Management
of Publicly-Trusted Certificates, v.1.1.6, from the CA/Browser Forum (https://cabforum.org);
specifically, section 10.2.3 (< span class = "hljs-string" > " Information Requirements" < / span > ).
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 这 将 生 成 如 下 文 件 ： < / p >
< pre > < code > devuser.csr devuser-key.pem devuser.pem
< / code > < / pre > < h2 id = "创建-kubeconfig-文件" > 创 建 kubeconfig 文 件 < / h2 >
< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > < span class = "hljs-comment" > # 设 置 集 群 参 数 < / span >
< span class = "hljs-built_in" > export< / span > KUBE_APISERVER=< span class = "hljs-string" > " https://172.20.0.113:6443" < / span >
kubectl config < span class = "hljs-built_in" > set< / span > -cluster kubernetes \
--certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--embed-certs=< span class = "hljs-literal" > true< / span > \
--server=< span class = "hljs-variable" > ${KUBE_APISERVER}< / span > \
--kubeconfig=devuser.kubeconfig
< span class = "hljs-comment" > # 设 置 客 户 端 认 证 参 数 < / span >
kubectl config < span class = "hljs-built_in" > set< / span > -credentials devuser \
--client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/devuser.pem \
--client-key=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/devuser-key.pem \
--embed-certs=< span class = "hljs-literal" > true< / span > \
--kubeconfig=devuser.kubeconfig
< span class = "hljs-comment" > # 设 置 上 下 文 参 数 < / span >
kubectl config < span class = "hljs-built_in" > set< / span > -context kubernetes \
--cluster=kubernetes \
--user=devuser \
--namespace=dev \
--kubeconfig=devuser.kubeconfig
< span class = "hljs-comment" > # 设 置 默 认 上 下 文 < / span >
kubectl config use-context kubernetes --kubeconfig=devuser.kubeconfig
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 我 们 现 在 查 看 kubectl 的 context： < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > kubectl config get-contexts
CURRENT NAME CLUSTER AUTHINFO NAMESPACE
* kubernetes kubernetes admin
default-context default-cluster default-admin
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 显 示 的 用 户 仍 然 是 admin， 这 是 因 为 kubectl 使 用 了 < code > $HOME/.kube/config< / code > 文 件 作 为 了 默 认 的 context 配 置 ， 我 们 只 需 要 将 其 用 刚 生 成 的 < code > devuser.kubeconfig< / code > 文 件 替 换 即 可 。 < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > cp < span class = "hljs-_" > -f< / span > ./devuser.kubeconfig /root/.kube/config
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 关 于 kubeconfig 文 件 的 更 多 信 息 请 参 考 < a href = "authenticate-across-clusters-kubeconfig.html" > 使 用 kubeconfig 文 件 配 置 跨 集 群 认 证 < / a > 。 < / p >
< h2 id = "clusterrolebinding" > ClusterRoleBinding< / h2 >
< p > 如 果 我 们 想 限 制 devuser 用 户 的 行 为 ， 需 要 使 用 RBAC 将 该 用 户 的 行 为 限 制 在 某 个 或 某 几 个 namespace 空 间 范 围 内 ， 例 如 ： < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > kubectl create rolebinding devuser-admin-binding --clusterrole=admin --user=devuser --namespace=dev
kubectl create rolebinding devuser-admin-binding --clusterrole=admin --user=devuser --namespace=< span class = "hljs-built_in" > test< / span >
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 这 样 devuser 用 户 对 dev 和 test 两 个 namespace 具 有 完 全 访 问 权 限 。 < / p >
< p > 让 我 们 来 验 证 以 下 ， 现 在 我 们 在 执 行 ： < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > < span class = "hljs-comment" > # 获 取 当 前 的 context< / span >
kubectl config get-contexts
CURRENT NAME CLUSTER AUTHINFO NAMESPACE
* kubernetes kubernetes devuser dev
* kubernetes kubernetes devuser < span class = "hljs-built_in" > test< / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > # 无 法 访 问 default namespace< / span >
kubectl get pods --namespace default
Error from server (Forbidden): User < span class = "hljs-string" > " devuser" < / span > cannot list pods < span class = "hljs-keyword" > in< / span > the namespace < span class = "hljs-string" > " default" < / span > . (get pods)
< span class = "hljs-comment" > # 默 认 访 问 的 是 dev namespace， 您 也 可 以 重 新 设 置 context 让 其 默 认 访 问 test namespace< / span >
kubectl get pods
No resources found.
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 现 在 kubectl 命 令 默 认 使 用 的 context 就 是 devuser 了 ， 且 该 用 户 只 能 操 作 dev 和 test 这 两 个 namespace， 并 拥 有 完 全 的 访 问 权 限 。 < / p >
< p > 关 于 角 色 绑 定 的 更 多 信 息 请 参 考 < a href = "rbac.html" > RBAC— — 基 于 角 色 的 访 问 控 制 < / a > 。 < / p >
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