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1. 前言
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2.2 Objects
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2.2.1.1 Pod解析
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2.2.1.2 Init容器
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2.2.2 Node
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2.2.4 Service
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2.2.5 Volume和Persistent Volume
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2.2.6 Deployment
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2.2.8 StatefulSet
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2.2.9 DaemonSet
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2.2.10 ServiceAccount
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2.2.11 ReplicationController和ReplicaSet
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2.2.12 Job
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2.2.13 CronJob
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2.2.14 Ingress
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2.2.15 ConfigMap
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2.2.16 Horizontal Pod Autoscaling
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2.2.17 Label
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3. 用户指南
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3.1 资源配置
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3.1.1 配置Pod的liveness和readiness探针
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3.1.2 配置Pod的Service Account
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3.2 命令使用
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3.2.1 使用kubectl
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3.3 集群管理
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3.3.1 管理集群中的TLS
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3.3.2 kubelet的认证授权
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3.3.3 TLS bootstrap
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3.3.4 kubectl的用户认证授权
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3.3.5 RBAC——基于角色的访问控制
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3.4 访问 Kubernetes 集群
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3.4.1 访问集群
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3.4.2 使用 kubeconfig 文件配置跨集群认证
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3.4.3 通过端口转发访问集群中的应用程序
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3.4.4 使用 service 访问群集中的应用程序
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3.5 在kubernetes中开发部署应用
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3.5.1 适用于kubernetes的应用开发部署流程
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3.5.2 迁移传统应用到kubernetes中——以Hadoop YARN为例
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4. 最佳实践
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4.1 在CentOS上部署kubernetes1.6集群
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4.1.1 创建TLS证书和秘钥
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4.1.2 创建kubeconfig文件
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4.1.3 创建高可用etcd集群
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4.1.4 安装kubectl命令行工具
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4.1.5 部署master节点
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4.1.6 部署node节点
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4.1.7 安装kubedns插件
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4.1.8 安装dashboard插件
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4.1.9 安装heapster插件
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4.1.10 安装EFK插件
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4.2 服务发现与负载均衡
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4.2.1 安装Traefik ingress
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4.2.2 分布式负载测试
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4.2.3 网络和集群性能测试
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4.2.4 边缘节点配置
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4.3 运维管理
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4.3.1 服务滚动升级
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4.3.2 应用日志收集
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4.3.3 配置最佳实践
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4.3.4 集群及应用监控
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4.3.5 使用Jenkins进行持续构建与发布
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4.3.6 数据持久化问题
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4.4 存储管理
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4.4.1 GlusterFS
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4.4.1.1 使用GlusterFS做持久化存储
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4.4.1.2 在OpenShift中使用GlusterFS做持久化存储
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4.4.2 CephFS
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4.4.2.1 使用Ceph做持久化存储
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5. 领域应用
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<a href="../usecases/microservices.html">
5.1 微服务架构
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.1" data-path="../usecases/istio.html">
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5.1.1 Istio
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.1.1" data-path="../usecases/istio-installation.html">
<a href="../usecases/istio-installation.html">
5.1.1.1 安装istio
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.1.2" data-path="../usecases/configuring-request-routing.html">
<a href="../usecases/configuring-request-routing.html">
5.1.1.2 配置请求的路由规则
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5.1.2 Linkerd
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.2.1" data-path="../usecases/linkerd-user-guide.html">
<a href="../usecases/linkerd-user-guide.html">
5.1.2.1 Linkerd 使用指南
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5.1.3 微服务中的服务发现
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5.2 大数据
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<a href="../usecases/spark-standalone-on-kubernetes.html">
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5.2.1 Spark standalone on Kubernetes
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</a>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.2" data-path="../usecases/support-spark-natively-in-kubernetes.html">
<a href="../usecases/support-spark-natively-in-kubernetes.html">
5.2.2 运行支持kubernetes原生调度的Spark程序
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</ul>
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<a href="../usecases/serverless.html">
5.3 Serverless架构
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6. 开发指南
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<a href="../develop/developing-environment.html">
6.1 开发环境搭建
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6.2 单元测试和集成测试
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.3" data-path="../develop/client-go-sample.html">
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6.3 client-go示例
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6.4 社区贡献
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7. 附录
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.1" data-path="../appendix/docker-best-practice.html">
<a href="../appendix/docker-best-practice.html">
7.1 Docker最佳实践
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7.2 问题记录
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7.3 使用技巧
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<a href=".." >4.1.2 创建kubeconfig文件</a>
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<h1 id="&#x521B;&#x5EFA;-kubeconfig-&#x6587;&#x4EF6;">&#x521B;&#x5EFA; kubeconfig &#x6587;&#x4EF6;</h1>
<p>&#x6CE8;&#x610F;&#xFF1A;&#x8BF7;&#x5148;&#x53C2;&#x8003; <a href="kubectl-installation.html">&#x5B89;&#x88C5;kubectl&#x547D;&#x4EE4;&#x884C;&#x5DE5;&#x5177;</a>&#xFF0C;&#x5148;&#x5728; master &#x8282;&#x70B9;&#x4E0A;&#x5B89;&#x88C5; kubectl &#x7136;&#x540E;&#x518D;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x4E0B;&#x9762;&#x7684;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x3002;</p>
<p><code>kubelet</code>&#x3001;<code>kube-proxy</code> &#x7B49; Node &#x673A;&#x5668;&#x4E0A;&#x7684;&#x8FDB;&#x7A0B;&#x4E0E; Master &#x673A;&#x5668;&#x7684; <code>kube-apiserver</code> &#x8FDB;&#x7A0B;&#x901A;&#x4FE1;&#x65F6;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x8BA4;&#x8BC1;&#x548C;&#x6388;&#x6743;&#xFF1B;</p>
<p>kubernetes 1.4 &#x5F00;&#x59CB;&#x652F;&#x6301;&#x7531; <code>kube-apiserver</code> &#x4E3A;&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x751F;&#x6210; TLS &#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x7684; <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/admin/kubelet-tls-bootstrapping/" target="_blank">TLS Bootstrapping</a> &#x529F;&#x80FD;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x6837;&#x5C31;&#x4E0D;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x4E3A;&#x6BCF;&#x4E2A;&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x751F;&#x6210;&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x4E86;&#xFF1B;&#x8BE5;&#x529F;&#x80FD;<strong>&#x5F53;&#x524D;&#x4EC5;&#x652F;&#x6301;&#x4E3A; <code>kubelet</code></strong> &#x751F;&#x6210;&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#xFF1B;</p>
<p>&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;&#x6211;&#x7684;master&#x8282;&#x70B9;&#x548C;node&#x8282;&#x70B9;&#x590D;&#x7528;&#xFF0C;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x5728;&#x8FD9;&#x4E00;&#x6B65;&#x5176;&#x5B9E;&#x5DF2;&#x7ECF;&#x5B89;&#x88C5;&#x4E86;kubectl&#x3002;&#x53C2;&#x8003;<a href="kubectl-installation.html">&#x5B89;&#x88C5;kubectl&#x547D;&#x4EE4;&#x884C;&#x5DE5;&#x5177;</a>&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x4EE5;&#x4E0B;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x53EA;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x5728;master&#x8282;&#x70B9;&#x4E0A;&#x6267;&#x884C;&#xFF0C;&#x751F;&#x6210;&#x7684;<code>*.kubeconfig</code>&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x76F4;&#x63A5;&#x62F7;&#x8D1D;&#x5230;node&#x8282;&#x70B9;&#x7684;<code>/etc/kubernetes</code>&#x76EE;&#x5F55;&#x4E0B;&#x3002;</p>
<h2 id="&#x521B;&#x5EFA;-tls-bootstrapping-token">&#x521B;&#x5EFA; TLS Bootstrapping Token</h2>
<p><strong>Token auth file</strong></p>
<p>Token&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x662F;&#x4EFB;&#x610F;&#x7684;&#x5305;&#x6DB5;128 bit&#x7684;&#x5B57;&#x7B26;&#x4E32;&#xFF0C;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x5B89;&#x5168;&#x7684;&#x968F;&#x673A;&#x6570;&#x53D1;&#x751F;&#x5668;&#x751F;&#x6210;&#x3002;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-bash"><span class="hljs-built_in">export</span> BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN=$(head -c 16 /dev/urandom | od -An -t x | tr <span class="hljs-_">-d</span> <span class="hljs-string">&apos; &apos;</span>)
cat &gt; token.csv &lt;&lt;EOF
<span class="hljs-variable">${BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN}</span>,kubelet-bootstrap,10001,<span class="hljs-string">&quot;system:kubelet-bootstrap&quot;</span>
EOF
</code></pre>
<blockquote>
<p>&#x540E;&#x4E09;&#x884C;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x53E5;&#xFF0C;&#x76F4;&#x63A5;&#x590D;&#x5236;&#x4E0A;&#x9762;&#x7684;&#x811A;&#x672C;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x5373;&#x53EF;&#x3002;</p>
</blockquote>
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<p><strong>&#x6CE8;&#x610F;&#xFF1A;&#x5728;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x540E;&#x7EED;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x524D;&#x8BF7;&#x68C0;&#x67E5; <code>token.csv</code> &#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#xFF0C;&#x786E;&#x8BA4;&#x5176;&#x4E2D;&#x7684; <code>${BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN}</code> &#x73AF;&#x5883;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x5DF2;&#x7ECF;&#x88AB;&#x771F;&#x5B9E;&#x7684;&#x503C;&#x66FF;&#x6362;&#x3002;</strong></p>
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<p><strong>BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN</strong> &#x5C06;&#x88AB;&#x5199;&#x5165;&#x5230; kube-apiserver &#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x7684; token.csv &#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x548C; kubelet &#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x7684; <code>bootstrap.kubeconfig</code> &#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#xFF0C;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x540E;&#x7EED;&#x91CD;&#x65B0;&#x751F;&#x6210;&#x4E86; BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN&#xFF0C;&#x5219;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#xFF1A;</p>
<ol>
<li>&#x66F4;&#x65B0; token.csv &#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#xFF0C;&#x5206;&#x53D1;&#x5230;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x673A;&#x5668; (master &#x548C; node&#xFF09;&#x7684; /etc/kubernetes/ &#x76EE;&#x5F55;&#x4E0B;&#xFF0C;&#x5206;&#x53D1;&#x5230;node&#x8282;&#x70B9;&#x4E0A;&#x975E;&#x5FC5;&#x9700;&#xFF1B;</li>
<li>&#x91CD;&#x65B0;&#x751F;&#x6210; bootstrap.kubeconfig &#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#xFF0C;&#x5206;&#x53D1;&#x5230;&#x6240;&#x6709; node &#x673A;&#x5668;&#x7684; /etc/kubernetes/ &#x76EE;&#x5F55;&#x4E0B;&#xFF1B;</li>
<li>&#x91CD;&#x542F; kube-apiserver &#x548C; kubelet &#x8FDB;&#x7A0B;&#xFF1B;</li>
<li>&#x91CD;&#x65B0; approve kubelet &#x7684; csr &#x8BF7;&#x6C42;&#xFF1B;</li>
</ol>
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<pre><code class="lang-bash">cp token.csv /etc/kubernetes/
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</code></pre>
<h2 id="&#x521B;&#x5EFA;-kubelet-bootstrapping-kubeconfig-&#x6587;&#x4EF6;">&#x521B;&#x5EFA; kubelet bootstrapping kubeconfig &#x6587;&#x4EF6;</h2>
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<pre><code class="lang-bash"><span class="hljs-built_in">cd</span> /etc/kubernetes
<span class="hljs-built_in">export</span> KUBE_APISERVER=<span class="hljs-string">&quot;https://172.20.0.113:6443&quot;</span>
<span class="hljs-comment"># &#x8BBE;&#x7F6E;&#x96C6;&#x7FA4;&#x53C2;&#x6570;</span>
kubectl config <span class="hljs-built_in">set</span>-cluster kubernetes \
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--certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--embed-certs=<span class="hljs-literal">true</span> \
--server=<span class="hljs-variable">${KUBE_APISERVER}</span> \
--kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
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<span class="hljs-comment"># &#x8BBE;&#x7F6E;&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x8BA4;&#x8BC1;&#x53C2;&#x6570;</span>
kubectl config <span class="hljs-built_in">set</span>-credentials kubelet-bootstrap \
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--token=<span class="hljs-variable">${BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN}</span> \
--kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
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<span class="hljs-comment"># &#x8BBE;&#x7F6E;&#x4E0A;&#x4E0B;&#x6587;&#x53C2;&#x6570;</span>
kubectl config <span class="hljs-built_in">set</span>-context default \
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--cluster=kubernetes \
--user=kubelet-bootstrap \
--kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
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<span class="hljs-comment"># &#x8BBE;&#x7F6E;&#x9ED8;&#x8BA4;&#x4E0A;&#x4E0B;&#x6587;</span>
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
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</code></pre>
<ul>
<li><code>--embed-certs</code> &#x4E3A; <code>true</code> &#x65F6;&#x8868;&#x793A;&#x5C06; <code>certificate-authority</code> &#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x5199;&#x5165;&#x5230;&#x751F;&#x6210;&#x7684; <code>bootstrap.kubeconfig</code> &#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x4E2D;&#xFF1B;</li>
<li>&#x8BBE;&#x7F6E;&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x8BA4;&#x8BC1;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x65F6;<strong>&#x6CA1;&#x6709;</strong>&#x6307;&#x5B9A;&#x79D8;&#x94A5;&#x548C;&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#xFF0C;&#x540E;&#x7EED;&#x7531; <code>kube-apiserver</code> &#x81EA;&#x52A8;&#x751F;&#x6210;&#xFF1B;</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="&#x521B;&#x5EFA;-kube-proxy-kubeconfig-&#x6587;&#x4EF6;">&#x521B;&#x5EFA; kube-proxy kubeconfig &#x6587;&#x4EF6;</h2>
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<pre><code class="lang-bash"><span class="hljs-built_in">export</span> KUBE_APISERVER=<span class="hljs-string">&quot;https://172.20.0.113:6443&quot;</span>
<span class="hljs-comment"># &#x8BBE;&#x7F6E;&#x96C6;&#x7FA4;&#x53C2;&#x6570;</span>
kubectl config <span class="hljs-built_in">set</span>-cluster kubernetes \
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--certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--embed-certs=<span class="hljs-literal">true</span> \
--server=<span class="hljs-variable">${KUBE_APISERVER}</span> \
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
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<span class="hljs-comment"># &#x8BBE;&#x7F6E;&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x8BA4;&#x8BC1;&#x53C2;&#x6570;</span>
kubectl config <span class="hljs-built_in">set</span>-credentials kube-proxy \
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--client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-proxy.pem \
--client-key=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-proxy-key.pem \
--embed-certs=<span class="hljs-literal">true</span> \
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
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<span class="hljs-comment"># &#x8BBE;&#x7F6E;&#x4E0A;&#x4E0B;&#x6587;&#x53C2;&#x6570;</span>
kubectl config <span class="hljs-built_in">set</span>-context default \
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--cluster=kubernetes \
--user=kube-proxy \
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
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<span class="hljs-comment"># &#x8BBE;&#x7F6E;&#x9ED8;&#x8BA4;&#x4E0A;&#x4E0B;&#x6587;</span>
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
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</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>&#x8BBE;&#x7F6E;&#x96C6;&#x7FA4;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x548C;&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x8BA4;&#x8BC1;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x65F6; <code>--embed-certs</code> &#x90FD;&#x4E3A; <code>true</code>&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x4F1A;&#x5C06; <code>certificate-authority</code>&#x3001;<code>client-certificate</code> &#x548C; <code>client-key</code> &#x6307;&#x5411;&#x7684;&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x5185;&#x5BB9;&#x5199;&#x5165;&#x5230;&#x751F;&#x6210;&#x7684; <code>kube-proxy.kubeconfig</code> &#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x4E2D;&#xFF1B;</li>
<li><code>kube-proxy.pem</code> &#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x4E2D; CN &#x4E3A; <code>system:kube-proxy</code>&#xFF0C;<code>kube-apiserver</code> &#x9884;&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;&#x7684; RoleBinding <code>cluster-admin</code> &#x5C06;User <code>system:kube-proxy</code> &#x4E0E; Role <code>system:node-proxier</code> &#x7ED1;&#x5B9A;&#xFF0C;&#x8BE5; Role &#x6388;&#x4E88;&#x4E86;&#x8C03;&#x7528; <code>kube-apiserver</code> Proxy &#x76F8;&#x5173; API &#x7684;&#x6743;&#x9650;&#xFF1B;</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="&#x5206;&#x53D1;-kubeconfig-&#x6587;&#x4EF6;">&#x5206;&#x53D1; kubeconfig &#x6587;&#x4EF6;</h2>
<p>&#x5C06;&#x4E24;&#x4E2A; kubeconfig &#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x5206;&#x53D1;&#x5230;&#x6240;&#x6709; Node &#x673A;&#x5668;&#x7684; <code>/etc/kubernetes/</code> &#x76EE;&#x5F55;</p>
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<pre><code class="lang-bash">cp bootstrap.kubeconfig kube-proxy.kubeconfig /etc/kubernetes/
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</code></pre>
<h2 id="&#x53C2;&#x8003;">&#x53C2;&#x8003;</h2>
<p>&#x5173;&#x4E8E; kubeconfig &#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x7684;&#x66F4;&#x591A;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#x8BF7;&#x53C2;&#x8003; <a href="../guide/authenticate-across-clusters-kubeconfig.html">&#x4F7F;&#x7528; kubeconfig &#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#x8DE8;&#x96C6;&#x7FA4;&#x8BA4;&#x8BC1;</a>&#x3002; </p>
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