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1. 前言
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2. 概念原理
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2.1 设计理念
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2.2 Objects
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2.2.1 Pod
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2.2.1.1 Pod解析
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2.2.1.2 Init容器
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2.2.2 Node
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2.2.3 Namespace
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2.2.4 Service
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2.2.5 Volume和Persistent Volume
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2.2.6 Deployment
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2.2.7 Secret
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2.2.8 StatefulSet
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2.2.9 DaemonSet
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2.2.10 ServiceAccount
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2.2.11 ReplicationController和ReplicaSet
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2.2.12 Job
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2.2.13 CronJob
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2.2.14 Ingress
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2.2.15 ConfigMap
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2.2.16 Horizontal Pod Autoscaling
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2.2.17 Label
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3. 用户指南
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3.1 资源配置
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3.1.1 配置Pod的liveness和readiness探针
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3.1.2 配置Pod的Service Account
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3.2 命令使用
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3.2.1 使用kubectl
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3.3 集群管理
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3.3.1 管理集群中的TLS
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3.3.2 kubelet的认证授权
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3.3.3 TLS bootstrap
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3.3.4 kubectl的用户认证授权
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3.3.5 RBAC——基于角色的访问控制
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3.4 访问 Kubernetes 集群
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3.4.1 访问集群
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3.4.2 使用 kubeconfig 文件配置跨集群认证
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3.4.3 通过端口转发访问集群中的应用程序
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3.4.4 使用 service 访问群集中的应用程序
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3.5 在kubernetes中开发部署应用
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3.5.1 适用于kubernetes的应用开发部署流程
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3.5.2 迁移传统应用到kubernetes中——以Hadoop YARN为例
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4. 最佳实践
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4.1 在CentOS上部署kubernetes1.6集群
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4.1.1 创建TLS证书和秘钥
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4.1.2 创建kubeconfig文件
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4.1.3 创建高可用etcd集群
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4.1.4 安装kubectl命令行工具
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4.1.5 部署master节点
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4.1.6 部署node节点
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4.1.7 安装kubedns插件
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4.1.8 安装dashboard插件
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4.1.9 安装heapster插件
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4.1.10 安装EFK插件
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4.2 服务发现与负载均衡
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4.2.1 安装Traefik ingress
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4.2.2 分布式负载测试
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4.2.3 网络和集群性能测试
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4.2.4 边缘节点配置
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4.3 运维管理
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4.3.1 服务滚动升级
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4.3.2 应用日志收集
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4.3.3 配置最佳实践
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4.3.4 集群及应用监控
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4.3.5 使用Jenkins进行持续构建与发布
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4.3.6 数据持久化问题
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4.4 存储管理
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4.4.1 GlusterFS
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4.4.1.1 使用GlusterFS做持久化存储
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4.4.1.2 在OpenShift中使用GlusterFS做持久化存储
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4.4.2 CephFS
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4.4.2.1 使用Ceph做持久化存储
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5. 领域应用
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5.1 微服务架构
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5.1.1 Istio
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5.1.1.1 安装istio
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5.1.1.2 配置请求的路由规则
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5.1.2 Linkerd
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5.1.2.1 Linkerd 使用指南
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5.1.3 微服务中的服务发现
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5.2 大数据
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5.2.1 Spark standalone on Kubernetes
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< h1 id = "创建-kubeconfig-文件" > 创 建 kubeconfig 文 件 < / h1 >
< p > 注 意 ： 请 先 参 考 < a href = "kubectl-installation.html" > 安 装 kubectl命 令 行 工 具 < / a > ， 先 在 master 节 点 上 安 装 kubectl 然 后 再 进 行 下 面 的 操 作 。 < / p >
< p > < code > kubelet< / code > 、 < code > kube-proxy< / code > 等 Node 机 器 上 的 进 程 与 Master 机 器 的 < code > kube-apiserver< / code > 进 程 通 信 时 需 要 认 证 和 授 权 ； < / p >
< p > kubernetes 1.4 开 始 支 持 由 < code > kube-apiserver< / code > 为 客 户 端 生 成 TLS 证 书 的 < a href = "https://kubernetes.io/docs/admin/kubelet-tls-bootstrapping/" target = "_blank" > TLS Bootstrapping< / a > 功 能 ， 这 样 就 不 需 要 为 每 个 客 户 端 生 成 证 书 了 ； 该 功 能 < strong > 当 前 仅 支 持 为 < code > kubelet< / code > < / strong > 生 成 证 书 ； < / p >
< p > 因 为 我 的 master节 点 和 node节 点 复 用 ， 所 有 在 这 一 步 其 实 已 经 安 装 了 kubectl。 参 考 < a href = "kubectl-installation.html" > 安 装 kubectl命 令 行 工 具 < / a > 。 < / p >
< p > 以 下 操 作 只 需 要 在 master节 点 上 执 行 ， 生 成 的 < code > *.kubeconfig< / code > 文 件 可 以 直 接 拷 贝 到 node节 点 的 < code > /etc/kubernetes< / code > 目 录 下 。 < / p >
< h2 id = "创建-tls-bootstrapping-token" > 创 建 TLS Bootstrapping Token< / h2 >
< p > < strong > Token auth file< / strong > < / p >
< p > Token可 以 是 任 意 的 包 涵 128 bit的 字 符 串 ， 可 以 使 用 安 全 的 随 机 数 发 生 器 生 成 。 < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > < span class = "hljs-built_in" > export< / span > BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN=$(head -c 16 /dev/urandom | od -An -t x | tr < span class = "hljs-_" > -d< / span > < span class = "hljs-string" > ' ' < / span > )
cat > token.csv < < EOF
< span class = "hljs-variable" > ${BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN}< / span > ,kubelet-bootstrap,10001,< span class = "hljs-string" > " system:kubelet-bootstrap" < / span >
EOF
< / code > < / pre >
< blockquote >
< p > 后 三 行 是 一 句 ， 直 接 复 制 上 面 的 脚 本 运 行 即 可 。 < / p >
< / blockquote >
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< p > < strong > 注 意 ： 在 进 行 后 续 操 作 前 请 检 查 < code > token.csv< / code > 文 件 ， 确 认 其 中 的 < code > ${BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN}< / code > 环 境 变 量 已 经 被 真 实 的 值 替 换 。 < / strong > < / p >
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< p > < strong > BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN< / strong > 将 被 写 入 到 kube-apiserver 使 用 的 token.csv 文 件 和 kubelet 使 用 的 < code > bootstrap.kubeconfig< / code > 文 件 ， 如 果 后 续 重 新 生 成 了 BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN， 则 需 要 ： < / p >
< ol >
< li > 更 新 token.csv 文 件 ， 分 发 到 所 有 机 器 (master 和 node） 的 /etc/kubernetes/ 目 录 下 ， 分 发 到 node节 点 上 非 必 需 ； < / li >
< li > 重 新 生 成 bootstrap.kubeconfig 文 件 ， 分 发 到 所 有 node 机 器 的 /etc/kubernetes/ 目 录 下 ； < / li >
< li > 重 启 kube-apiserver 和 kubelet 进 程 ； < / li >
< li > 重 新 approve kubelet 的 csr 请 求 ； < / li >
< / ol >
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< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > cp token.csv /etc/kubernetes/
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< / code > < / pre >
< h2 id = "创建-kubelet-bootstrapping-kubeconfig-文件" > 创 建 kubelet bootstrapping kubeconfig 文 件 < / h2 >
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< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > < span class = "hljs-built_in" > cd< / span > /etc/kubernetes
< span class = "hljs-built_in" > export< / span > KUBE_APISERVER=< span class = "hljs-string" > " https://172.20.0.113:6443" < / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > # 设 置 集 群 参 数 < / span >
kubectl config < span class = "hljs-built_in" > set< / span > -cluster kubernetes \
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--certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--embed-certs=< span class = "hljs-literal" > true< / span > \
--server=< span class = "hljs-variable" > ${KUBE_APISERVER}< / span > \
--kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
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< span class = "hljs-comment" > # 设 置 客 户 端 认 证 参 数 < / span >
kubectl config < span class = "hljs-built_in" > set< / span > -credentials kubelet-bootstrap \
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--token=< span class = "hljs-variable" > ${BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN}< / span > \
--kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
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< span class = "hljs-comment" > # 设 置 上 下 文 参 数 < / span >
kubectl config < span class = "hljs-built_in" > set< / span > -context default \
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--cluster=kubernetes \
--user=kubelet-bootstrap \
--kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
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< span class = "hljs-comment" > # 设 置 默 认 上 下 文 < / span >
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
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< / code > < / pre >
< ul >
< li > < code > --embed-certs< / code > 为 < code > true< / code > 时 表 示 将 < code > certificate-authority< / code > 证 书 写 入 到 生 成 的 < code > bootstrap.kubeconfig< / code > 文 件 中 ； < / li >
< li > 设 置 客 户 端 认 证 参 数 时 < strong > 没 有 < / strong > 指 定 秘 钥 和 证 书 ， 后 续 由 < code > kube-apiserver< / code > 自 动 生 成 ； < / li >
< / ul >
< h2 id = "创建-kube-proxy-kubeconfig-文件" > 创 建 kube-proxy kubeconfig 文 件 < / h2 >
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< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > < span class = "hljs-built_in" > export< / span > KUBE_APISERVER=< span class = "hljs-string" > " https://172.20.0.113:6443" < / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > # 设 置 集 群 参 数 < / span >
kubectl config < span class = "hljs-built_in" > set< / span > -cluster kubernetes \
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--certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--embed-certs=< span class = "hljs-literal" > true< / span > \
--server=< span class = "hljs-variable" > ${KUBE_APISERVER}< / span > \
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
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< span class = "hljs-comment" > # 设 置 客 户 端 认 证 参 数 < / span >
kubectl config < span class = "hljs-built_in" > set< / span > -credentials kube-proxy \
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--client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-proxy.pem \
--client-key=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-proxy-key.pem \
--embed-certs=< span class = "hljs-literal" > true< / span > \
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
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< span class = "hljs-comment" > # 设 置 上 下 文 参 数 < / span >
kubectl config < span class = "hljs-built_in" > set< / span > -context default \
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--cluster=kubernetes \
--user=kube-proxy \
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
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< span class = "hljs-comment" > # 设 置 默 认 上 下 文 < / span >
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
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< / code > < / pre >
< ul >
< li > 设 置 集 群 参 数 和 客 户 端 认 证 参 数 时 < code > --embed-certs< / code > 都 为 < code > true< / code > ， 这 会 将 < code > certificate-authority< / code > 、 < code > client-certificate< / code > 和 < code > client-key< / code > 指 向 的 证 书 文 件 内 容 写 入 到 生 成 的 < code > kube-proxy.kubeconfig< / code > 文 件 中 ； < / li >
< li > < code > kube-proxy.pem< / code > 证 书 中 CN 为 < code > system:kube-proxy< / code > ， < code > kube-apiserver< / code > 预 定 义 的 RoleBinding < code > cluster-admin< / code > 将 User < code > system:kube-proxy< / code > 与 Role < code > system:node-proxier< / code > 绑 定 ， 该 Role 授 予 了 调 用 < code > kube-apiserver< / code > Proxy 相 关 API 的 权 限 ； < / li >
< / ul >
< h2 id = "分发-kubeconfig-文件" > 分 发 kubeconfig 文 件 < / h2 >
< p > 将 两 个 kubeconfig 文 件 分 发 到 所 有 Node 机 器 的 < code > /etc/kubernetes/< / code > 目 录 < / p >
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< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > cp bootstrap.kubeconfig kube-proxy.kubeconfig /etc/kubernetes/
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< / code > < / pre >
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< h2 id = "参考" > 参 考 < / h2 >
< p > 关 于 kubeconfig 文 件 的 更 多 信 息 请 参 考 < a href = "../guide/authenticate-across-clusters-kubeconfig.html" > 使 用 kubeconfig 文 件 配 置 跨 集 群 认 证 < / a > 。 < / p >
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