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序言
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1. Kubernetes与云原生应用概览
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2. 概念原理
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2.1 设计理念
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2.2 Objects
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2.2.1 Pod
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2.2.1.1 Pod解析
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2.2.1.2 Init容器
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2.2.1.3 Pod安全策略
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2.2.1.4 Pod的生命周期
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2.2.2 Node
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2.2.3 Namespace
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2.2.4 Service
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2.2.5 Volume和Persistent Volume
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2.2.6 Deployment
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2.2.7 Secret
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2.2.8 StatefulSet
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2.2.9 DaemonSet
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2.2.10 ServiceAccount
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2.2.11 ReplicationController和ReplicaSet
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2.2.12 Job
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2.2.13 CronJob
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2.2.14 Ingress
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2.2.15 ConfigMap
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2.2.16 Horizontal Pod Autoscaling
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2.2.17 Label
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2.2.18 垃圾收集
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2.2.19 NetworkPolicy
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3. 用户指南
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3.1 资源对象配置
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3.1.1 配置Pod的liveness和readiness探针
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3.1.2 配置Pod的Service Account
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3.1.3 Secret配置
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3.2.3 管理namespace中的资源配额
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3.2 命令使用
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3.2.1 使用kubectl
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3.2.2 docker用户过度到kubectl命令行指南
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3.3 集群安全性管理
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3.3.1 管理集群中的TLS
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3.3.2 kubelet的认证授权
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3.3.3 TLS bootstrap
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3.3.4 kubectl的用户认证授权
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3.3.5 RBAC——基于角色的访问控制
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3.3.6 IP伪装代理
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3.4 访问 Kubernetes 集群
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3.4.1 访问集群
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3.4.2 使用 kubeconfig 文件配置跨集群认证
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3.4.3 通过端口转发访问集群中的应用程序
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3.4.4 使用 service 访问群集中的应用程序
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3.5 在kubernetes中开发部署应用
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3.5.1 适用于kubernetes的应用开发部署流程
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3.5.2 迁移传统应用到kubernetes中——以Hadoop YARN为例
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3.5.3 使用StatefulSet部署用状态应用
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4. 最佳实践
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4.1 在CentOS上部署kubernetes1.6集群
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4.1.1 创建TLS证书和秘钥
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4.1.2 创建kubeconfig文件
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4.1.3 创建高可用etcd集群
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4.1.4 安装kubectl命令行工具
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4.1.5 部署master节点
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4.1.6 部署node节点
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4.1.7 安装kubedns插件
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4.1.8 安装dashboard插件
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4.1.9 安装heapster插件
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4.1.10 安装EFK插件
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4.2 服务发现与负载均衡
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4.2.1 安装Traefik ingress
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4.2.2 分布式负载测试
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4.2.3 网络和集群性能测试
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4.2.4 边缘节点配置
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4.3 运维管理
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4.3.1 服务滚动升级
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4.3.2 应用日志收集
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4.3.3 配置最佳实践
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4.3.4 集群及应用监控
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4.3.5 使用Jenkins进行持续构建与发布
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4.3.6 数据持久化问题
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4.3.7 管理容器的计算资源
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4.3.8 使用Prometheus监控kubernetes集群
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4.3.9 使用Heapster获取集群和对象的metric数据
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4.3.10 手动集群升级
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4.4 存储管理
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4.4.1 GlusterFS
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4.4.1.1 使用GlusterFS做持久化存储
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< a href = "../practice/storage-for-containers-using-glusterfs-with-openshift.html" >
4.4.1.2 在OpenShift中使用GlusterFS做持久化存储
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4.4.2 CephFS
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4.4.2.1 使用Ceph做持久化存储
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< a href = "../practice/services-management-tool.html" >
4.5 服务编排管理
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< a href = "../practice/helm.html" >
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4.5.1 使用Helm管理kubernetes应用
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5. 领域应用
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5.1 微服务架构
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5.1.1 微服务中的服务发现
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< a href = "../usecases/service-mesh.html" >
5.2 Service Mesh 服务网格
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5.1.1 Istio
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< a href = "../usecases/istio-installation.html" >
5.1.1.1 安装istio
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< a href = "../usecases/configuring-request-routing.html" >
5.1.1.2 配置请求的路由规则
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5.1.2 Linkerd
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5.1.2.1 Linkerd 使用指南
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5.2 大数据
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5.2.1 Spark standalone on Kubernetes
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.6.3.2" data-path = "../usecases/running-spark-with-kubernetes-native-scheduler.html" >
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< a href = "../usecases/running-spark-with-kubernetes-native-scheduler.html" >
5.2.2 运行支持kubernetes原生调度的Spark程序
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5.3 Serverless架构
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< a href = "../develop/" >
6. 开发指南
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< a href = "../develop/developing-environment.html" >
6.1 开发环境搭建
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< a href = "../develop/testing.html" >
6.2 单元测试和集成测试
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< a href = "../develop/client-go-sample.html" >
6.3 client-go示例
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< a href = "../develop/contribute.html" >
6.4 社区贡献
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< a href = "../develop/minikube.html" >
6.5 Minikube
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7. 附录
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7.1 Docker最佳实践
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7.2 问题记录
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7.3 使用技巧
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7.4 kubernetes service中的故障排查
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< a href = "../appendix/material-share.html" >
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7.5 Kubernetes相关资讯和情报链接
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本书使用 GitBook 发布
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< a href = ".." > 2.2.1.4 Pod的生命周期< / a >
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< h1 id = "pod-的生命周期" > Pod 的 生 命 周 期 < / h1 >
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< h2 id = "pod-phase" > Pod phase< / h2 >
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< p > Pod 的 < code > status< / code > 在 信 息 保 存 在 < a href = "https://kubernetes.io/docs/resources-reference/v1.7/#podstatus-v1-core" target = "_blank" > PodStatus< / a > 中 定 义 , 其 中 有 一 个 < code > phase< / code > 字 段 。 < / p >
< p > Pod 的 相 位 ( phase) 是 Pod 在 其 生 命 周 期 中 的 简 单 宏 观 概 述 。 该 阶 段 并 不 是 对 容 器 或 Pod 的 综 合 汇 总 , 也 不 是 为 了 做 为 综 合 状 态 机 。 < / p >
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< p > Pod 相 位 的 数 量 和 含 义 是 严 格 指 定 的 。 除 了 本 文 档 中 列 举 的 状 态 外 , 不 应 该 再 假 定 Pod 有 其 他 的 < code > phase< / code > 值 。 < / p >
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< p > 下 面 是 < code > phase< / code > 可 能 的 值 : < / p >
< ul >
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< li > 挂 起 ( Pending) : Pod 已 被 Kubernetes 系 统 接 受 , 但 有 一 个 或 者 多 个 容 器 镜 像 尚 未 创 建 。 等 待 时 间 包 括 调 度 Pod 的 时 间 和 通 过 网 络 下 载 镜 像 的 时 间 , 这 可 能 需 要 花 点 时 间 。 < / li >
< li > 运 行 中 ( Running) : 该 Pod 已 经 绑 定 到 了 一 个 节 点 上 , Pod 中 所 有 的 容 器 都 已 被 创 建 。 至 少 有 一 个 容 器 正 在 运 行 , 或 者 正 处 于 启 动 或 重 启 状 态 。 < / li >
< li > 成 功 ( Successed) : Pod 中 的 所 有 容 器 都 被 成 功 终 止 , 并 且 不 会 再 重 启 。 < / li >
< li > 失 败 ( Failed) : Pod 中 的 所 有 容 器 都 已 终 止 了 , 并 且 至 少 有 一 个 容 器 是 因 为 失 败 终 止 。 也 就 是 说 , 容 器 以 非 0状 态 退 出 或 者 被 系 统 终 止 。 < / li >
< li > 未 知 ( Unkonwn) : 因 为 某 些 原 因 无 法 取 得 Pod 的 状 态 , 通 常 是 因 为 与 Pod 所 在 主 机 通 信 失 败 。 < / li >
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< / ul >
< h2 id = "pod-状态" > Pod 状 态 < / h2 >
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< p > Pod 有 一 个 PodStatus 对 象 , 其 中 包 含 一 个 < a href = "https://kubernetes.io/docs/resources-reference/v1.7/#podcondition-v1-core" target = "_blank" > PodCondition< / a > 数 组 。 PodCondition 数 组 的 每 个 元 素 都 有 一 个 < code > type< / code > 字 段 和 一 个 < code > status< / code > 字 段 。 < code > type< / code > 字 段 是 字 符 串 , 可 能 的 值 有 PodScheduled、 Ready、 Initialized 和 Unschedulable。 < code > status< / code > 字 段 是 一 个 字 符 串 , 可 能 的 值 有 True、 False 和 Unknown。 < / p >
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< h2 id = "容器探针" > 容 器 探 针 < / h2 >
< p > < a href = "https://kubernetes.io/docs/resources-reference/v1.7/#probe-v1-core" target = "_blank" > 探 针 < / a > 是 由 < a href = "https://kubernetes.io/docs/admin/kubelet/" target = "_blank" > kubelet< / a > 对 容 器 执 行 的 定 期 诊 断 。 要 执 行 诊 断 , kubelet 调 用 由 容 器 实 现 的 < a href = "https://godoc.org/k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/api/v1#Handler" target = "_blank" > Handler< / a > 。 有 三 种 类 型 的 处 理 程 序 : < / p >
< ul >
< li > < a href = "https://kubernetes.io/docs/resources-reference/v1.7/#execaction-v1-core" target = "_blank" > ExecAction< / a > : 在 容 器 内 执 行 指 定 命 令 。 如 果 命 令 退 出 时 返 回 码 为 0 则 认 为 诊 断 成 功 。 < / li >
< li > < a href = "https://kubernetes.io/docs/resources-reference/v1.7/#tcpsocketaction-v1-core" target = "_blank" > TCPSocketAction< / a > : 对 指 定 端 口 上 的 容 器 的 IP 地 址 进 行 TCP 检 查 。 如 果 端 口 打 开 , 则 诊 断 被 认 为 是 成 功 的 。 < / li >
< li > < a href = "https://kubernetes.io/docs/resources-reference/v1.7/#httpgetaction-v1-core" target = "_blank" > HTTPGetAction< / a > : 对 指 定 的 端 口 和 路 径 上 的 容 器 的 IP 地 址 执 行 HTTP Get 请 求 。 如 果 响 应 的 状 态 码 大 于 等 于 200 且 小 于 400, 则 诊 断 被 认 为 是 成 功 的 。 < / li >
< / ul >
< p > 每 次 探 测 都 将 获 得 以 下 三 种 结 果 之 一 : < / p >
< ul >
< li > 成 功 : 容 器 通 过 了 诊 断 。 < / li >
< li > 失 败 : 容 器 未 通 过 诊 断 。 < / li >
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< li > 未 知 : 诊 断 失 败 , 因 此 不 会 采 取 任 何 行 动 。 < / li >
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< / ul >
< p > Kubelet 可 以 选 择 是 否 执 行 在 容 器 上 运 行 的 两 种 探 针 执 行 和 做 出 反 应 : < / p >
< ul >
< li > < code > livenessProbe< / code > : 指 示 容 器 是 否 正 在 运 行 。 如 果 存 活 探 测 失 败 , 则 kubelet 会 杀 死 容 器 , 并 且 容 器 将 受 到 其 < a href = "https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod-lifecycle/#restart-policy" target = "_blank" > 重 启 策 略 < / a > 的 影 响 。 如 果 容 器 不 提 供 存 活 探 针 , 则 默 认 状 态 为 < code > Success< / code > 。 < / li >
< li > < code > readinessProbe< / code > : 指 示 容 器 是 否 准 备 好 服 务 请 求 。 如 果 就 绪 探 测 失 败 , 端 点 控 制 器 将 从 与 Pod 匹 配 的 所 有 Service 的 端 点 中 删 除 该 Pod 的 IP 地 址 。 初 始 延 迟 之 前 的 就 绪 状 态 默 认 为 < code > Failure< / code > 。 如 果 容 器 不 提 供 就 绪 探 针 , 则 默 认 状 态 为 < code > Success< / code > 。 < / li >
< / ul >
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< h3 id = "该什么时候使用存活(liveness)和就绪(readiness)探针" > 该 什 么 时 候 使 用 存 活 ( liveness) 和 就 绪 ( readiness) 探 针 ?< / h3 >
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< p > 如 果 容 器 中 的 进 程 能 够 在 遇 到 问 题 或 不 健 康 的 情 况 下 自 行 崩 溃 , 则 不 一 定 需 要 存 活 探 针 ; kubelet 将 根 据 Pod 的 < code > restartPolicy< / code > 自 动 执 行 正 确 的 操 作 。 < / p >
< p > 如 果 您 希 望 容 器 在 探 测 失 败 时 被 杀 死 并 重 新 启 动 , 那 么 请 指 定 一 个 存 活 探 针 , 并 指 定 < code > restartPolicy< / code > 为 Always 或 OnFailure。 < / p >
< p > 如 果 要 仅 在 探 测 成 功 时 才 开 始 向 Pod 发 送 流 量 , 请 指 定 就 绪 探 针 。 在 这 种 情 况 下 , 就 绪 探 针 可 能 与 存 活 探 针 相 同 , 但 是 spec 中 的 就 绪 探 针 的 存 在 意 味 着 Pod 将 在 没 有 接 收 到 任 何 流 量 的 情 况 下 启 动 , 并 且 只 有 在 探 针 探 测 成 功 后 才 开 始 接 收 流 量 。 < / p >
< p > 如 果 您 希 望 容 器 能 够 自 行 维 护 , 您 可 以 指 定 一 个 就 绪 探 针 , 该 探 针 检 查 与 存 活 探 针 不 同 的 端 点 。 < / p >
< p > 请 注 意 , 如 果 您 只 想 在 Pod 被 删 除 时 能 够 排 除 请 求 , 则 不 一 定 需 要 使 用 就 绪 探 针 ; 在 删 除 Pod 时 , Pod 会 自 动 将 自 身 置 于 未 完 成 状 态 , 无 论 就 绪 探 针 是 否 存 在 。 当 等 待 Pod 中 的 容 器 停 止 时 , Pod 仍 处 于 未 完 成 状 态 。 < / p >
< h2 id = "pod-和容器状态" > Pod 和 容 器 状 态 < / h2 >
< p > 有 关 Pod 容 器 状 态 的 详 细 信 息 , 请 参 阅 < a href = "https://kubernetes.io/docs/resources-reference/v1.7/#podstatus-v1-core" target = "_blank" > PodStatus< / a > 和 < a href = "https://kubernetes.io/docs/resources-reference/v1.7/#containerstatus-v1-core" target = "_blank" > ContainerStatus< / a > 。 请 注 意 , 报 告 的 Pod 状 态 信 息 取 决 于 当 前 的 < a href = "https://kubernetes.io/docs/resources-reference/v1.7/#containerstatus-v1-core" target = "_blank" > ContainerState< / a > 。 < / p >
< h2 id = "重启策略" > 重 启 策 略 < / h2 >
< p > PodSpec 中 有 一 个 < code > restartPolicy< / code > 字 段 , 可 能 的 值 为 Always、 OnFailure 和 Never。 默 认 为 Always。 < code > restartPolicy< / code > 适 用 于 Pod 中 的 所 有 容 器 。 < code > restartPolicy< / code > 仅 指 通 过 同 一 节 点 上 的 kubelet 重 新 启 动 容 器 。 失 败 的 容 器 由 kubelet 以 五 分 钟 为 上 限 的 指 数 退 避 延 迟 ( 10秒 , 20秒 , 40秒 ...) 重 新 启 动 , 并 在 成 功 执 行 十 分 钟 后 重 置 。 如 < a href = "https://kubernetes.io/docs/user-guide/pods/#durability-of-pods-or-lack-thereof" target = "_blank" > Pod 文 档 < / a > 中 所 述 , 一 旦 绑 定 到 一 个 节 点 , Pod 将 永 远 不 会 重 新 绑 定 到 另 一 个 节 点 。 < / p >
< h2 id = "pod-的生命" > Pod 的 生 命 < / h2 >
< p > 一 般 来 说 , Pod 不 会 消 失 , 直 到 人 为 销 毁 他 们 。 这 可 能 是 一 个 人 或 控 制 器 。 这 个 规 则 的 唯 一 例 外 是 成 功 或 失 败 的 < code > phase< / code > 超 过 一 段 时 间 ( 由 master 确 定 ) 的 Pod将 过 期 并 被 自 动 销 毁 。 < / p >
< p > 有 三 种 可 用 的 控 制 器 : < / p >
< ul >
< li > 使 用 < a href = "https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/jobs/run-to-completion-finite-workloads/" target = "_blank" > Job< / a > 运 行 预 期 会 终 止 的 Pod, 例 如 批 量 计 算 。 Job 仅 适 用 于 重 启 策 略 为 < code > OnFailure< / code > 或 < code > Never< / code > 的 Pod。 < / li >
< / ul >
< ul >
< li > 对 预 期 不 会 终 止 的 Pod 使 用 < a href = "https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/replicationcontroller/" target = "_blank" > ReplicationController< / a > 、 < a href = "https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/replicaset/" target = "_blank" > ReplicaSet< / a > 和 < a href = "https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/deployment/" target = "_blank" > Deployment< / a > , 例 如 Web 服 务 器 。 ReplicationController 仅 适 用 于 具 有 < code > restartPolicy< / code > 为 Always 的 Pod。 < / li >
< li > 提 供 特 定 于 机 器 的 系 统 服 务 , 使 用 < a href = "https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/daemonset/" target = "_blank" > DaemonSet< / a > 为 每 台 机 器 运 行 一 个 Pod 。 < / li >
< / ul >
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< p > 所 有 这 三 种 类 型 的 控 制 器 都 包 含 一 个 PodTemplate。 建 议 创 建 适 当 的 控 制 器 , 让 它 们 来 创 建 Pod, 而 不 是 直 接 自 己 创 建 Pod。 这 是 因 为 单 独 的 Pod 在 机 器 故 障 的 情 况 下 没 有 办 法 自 动 复 原 , 而 控 制 器 却 可 以 。 < / p >
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< p > 如 果 节 点 死 亡 或 与 集 群 的 其 余 部 分 断 开 连 接 , 则 Kubernetes 将 应 用 一 个 策 略 将 丢 失 节 点 上 的 所 有 Pod 的 < code > phase< / code > 设 置 为 Failed。 < / p >
< h2 id = "示例" > 示 例 < / h2 >
< h3 id = "高级-liveness-探针示例" > 高 级 liveness 探 针 示 例 < / h3 >
< p > 存 活 探 针 由 kubelet 来 执 行 , 因 此 所 有 的 请 求 都 在 kubelet 的 网 络 命 名 空 间 中 进 行 。 < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-yaml" > < span class = "hljs-attr" > apiVersion:< / span > v1
< span class = "hljs-attr" > kind:< / span > Pod
< span class = "hljs-attr" > metadata:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > labels:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > test:< / span > liveness
< span class = "hljs-attr" > name:< / span > liveness-http
< span class = "hljs-attr" > spec:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > containers:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > - args:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-bullet" > -< / span > /server
< span class = "hljs-attr" > image:< / span > gcr.io/google_containers/liveness
< span class = "hljs-attr" > livenessProbe:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > httpGet:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > # when " host" is not defined, " PodIP" will be used< / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > # host: my-host< / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > # when " scheme" is not defined, " HTTP" scheme will be used. Only " HTTP" and " HTTPS" are allowed< / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > # scheme: HTTPS< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > path:< / span > /healthz
< span class = "hljs-attr" > port:< / span > < span class = "hljs-number" > 8080< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > httpHeaders:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > - name:< / span > X-Custom-Header
< span class = "hljs-attr" > value:< / span > Awesome
< span class = "hljs-attr" > initialDelaySeconds:< / span > < span class = "hljs-number" > 15< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > timeoutSeconds:< / span > < span class = "hljs-number" > 1< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > name:< / span > liveness
< / code > < / pre >
< h3 id = "状态示例" > 状 态 示 例 < / h3 >
< ul >
< li > Pod 中 只 有 一 个 容 器 并 且 正 在 运 行 。 容 器 成 功 退 出 。 < ul >
< li > 记 录 完 成 事 件 。 < / li >
< li > 如 果 < code > restartPolicy< / code > 为 : < ul >
< li > Always: 重 启 容 器 ; Pod < code > phase< / code > 仍 为 Running。 < / li >
< li > OnFailure: Pod < code > phase< / code > 变 成 Succeeded。 < / li >
< li > Never: Pod < code > phase< / code > 变 成 Succeeded。 < / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li > Pod 中 只 有 一 个 容 器 并 且 正 在 运 行 。 容 器 退 出 失 败 。 < ul >
< li > 记 录 失 败 事 件 。 < / li >
< li > 如 果 < code > restartPolicy< / code > 为 : < ul >
< li > Always: 重 启 容 器 ; Pod < code > phase< / code > 仍 为 Running。 < / li >
< li > OnFailure: 重 启 容 器 ; Pod < code > phase< / code > 仍 为 Running。 < / li >
< li > Never: Pod < code > phase< / code > 变 成 Failed。 < / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li > < p > Pod 中 有 两 个 容 器 并 且 正 在 运 行 。 有 一 个 容 器 退 出 失 败 。 < / p >
< ul >
< li > 记 录 失 败 事 件 。 < / li >
< li > < p > 如 果 restartPolicy 为 : < / p >
< ul >
< li > Always: 重 启 容 器 ; Pod < code > phase< / code > 仍 为 Running。 < / li >
< li > OnFailure: 重 启 容 器 ; Pod < code > phase< / code > 仍 为 Running。 < / li >
< li > Never: 不 重 启 容 器 ; Pod < code > phase< / code > 仍 为 Running。 < / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li > < p > 如 果 有 一 个 容 器 没 有 处 于 运 行 状 态 , 并 且 两 个 容 器 退 出 : < / p >
< ul >
< li > 记 录 失 败 事 件 。 < / li >
< li > 如 果 < code > restartPolicy< / code > 为 : < ul >
< li > Always: 重 启 容 器 ; Pod < code > phase< / code > 仍 为 Running。 < / li >
< li > OnFailure: 重 启 容 器 ; Pod < code > phase< / code > 仍 为 Running。 < / li >
< li > Never: Pod < code > phase< / code > 变 成 Failed。 < / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li > Pod 中 只 有 一 个 容 器 并 处 于 运 行 状 态 。 容 器 运 行 时 内 存 超 出 限 制 : < ul >
< li > 容 器 以 失 败 状 态 终 止 。 < / li >
< li > 记 录 OOM 事 件 。 < / li >
< li > 如 果 < code > restartPolicy< / code > 为 : < ul >
< li > Always: 重 启 容 器 ; Pod < code > phase< / code > 仍 为 Running。 < / li >
< li > OnFailure: 重 启 容 器 ; Pod < code > phase< / code > 仍 为 Running。 < / li >
< li > Never: 记 录 失 败 事 件 ; Pod < code > phase< / code > 仍 为 Failed。 < / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li > Pod 正 在 运 行 , 磁 盘 故 障 : < ul >
< li > 杀 掉 所 有 容 器 。 < / li >
< li > 记 录 适 当 事 件 。 < / li >
< li > Pod < code > phase< / code > 变 成 Failed。 < / li >
< li > 如 果 使 用 控 制 器 来 运 行 , Pod 将 在 别 处 重 建 。 < / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li > Pod 正 在 运 行 , 其 节 点 被 分 段 。 < ul >
< li > 节 点 控 制 器 等 待 直 到 超 时 。 < / li >
< li > 节 点 控 制 器 将 Pod < code > phase< / code > 设 置 为 Failed。 < / li >
< li > 如 果 是 用 控 制 器 来 运 行 , Pod 将 在 别 处 重 建 。 < / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< / ul >
< p > 原 文 地 址 : < a href = "https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod-lifecycle/" target = "_blank" > https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod-lifecycle/< / a > < / p >
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< p > 翻 译 : < a href = "https://github.com/rootsongjc" target = "_blank" > rootsongjc< / a > < / p >
< footer class = "page-footer" > < span class = "copyright" > Copyright © jimmysong.io 2017 all right reserved, powered by Gitbook< / span > < span class = "footer-modification" > Updated:
2017-09-19 15:45:02
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