2017-08-21 17:44:43 +08:00
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<title>2.2.15 ConfigMap · Kubernetes Handbook</title>
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<meta name="author" content="Jimmy Song">
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<a href="../">
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1. 前言
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2" data-path="./">
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<a href="./">
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2. 概念原理
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.1" data-path="concepts.html">
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<a href="concepts.html">
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2.1 设计理念
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2" data-path="objects.html">
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<a href="objects.html">
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2017-09-03 13:29:38 +08:00
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2.2 Objects
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2017-08-21 17:44:43 +08:00
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.1" data-path="pod-overview.html">
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<a href="pod-overview.html">
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2.2.1 Pod
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.1.1" data-path="pod.html">
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<a href="pod.html">
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2.2.1.1 Pod解析
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</a>
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2017-08-31 23:28:33 +08:00
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.1.2" data-path="init-containers.html">
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<a href="init-containers.html">
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2.2.1.2 Init容器
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</a>
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2017-09-03 15:58:39 +08:00
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.1.3" data-path="pod-security-policy.html">
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<a href="pod-security-policy.html">
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2.2.1.3 Pod安全策略
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</a>
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2017-08-21 17:44:43 +08:00
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.2" data-path="node.html">
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<a href="node.html">
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2.2.2 Node
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.3" data-path="namespace.html">
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<a href="namespace.html">
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2.2.3 Namespace
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.4" data-path="service.html">
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<a href="service.html">
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2.2.4 Service
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.5" data-path="volume.html">
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<a href="volume.html">
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2.2.5 Volume和Persistent Volume
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.6" data-path="deployment.html">
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<a href="deployment.html">
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2.2.6 Deployment
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.7" data-path="secret.html">
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<a href="secret.html">
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2.2.7 Secret
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.8" data-path="statefulset.html">
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<a href="statefulset.html">
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2.2.8 StatefulSet
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.9" data-path="daemonset.html">
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<a href="daemonset.html">
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2.2.9 DaemonSet
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.10" data-path="serviceaccount.html">
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<a href="serviceaccount.html">
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2.2.10 ServiceAccount
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.11" data-path="replicaset.html">
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<a href="replicaset.html">
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2.2.11 ReplicationController和ReplicaSet
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.12" data-path="job.html">
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<a href="job.html">
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2.2.12 Job
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.13" data-path="cronjob.html">
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<a href="cronjob.html">
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2.2.13 CronJob
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.14" data-path="ingress.html">
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<a href="ingress.html">
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2.2.14 Ingress
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter active" data-level="1.2.2.15" data-path="configmap.html">
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<a href="configmap.html">
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2.2.15 ConfigMap
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.16" data-path="horizontal-pod-autoscaling.html">
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<a href="horizontal-pod-autoscaling.html">
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2.2.16 Horizontal Pod Autoscaling
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.17" data-path="label.html">
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<a href="label.html">
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2.2.17 Label
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</a>
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2017-09-03 15:58:39 +08:00
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.18" data-path="garbage-collection.html">
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<a href="garbage-collection.html">
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2.2.18 垃圾收集
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.19" data-path="network-policy.html">
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<a href="network-policy.html">
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2.2.19 NetworkPolicy
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</a>
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2017-08-21 17:44:43 +08:00
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</li>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3" data-path="../guide/">
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<a href="../guide/">
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3. 用户指南
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.1" data-path="../guide/resource-configuration.html">
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<a href="../guide/resource-configuration.html">
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3.1 资源配置
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.1.1" data-path="../guide/configure-liveness-readiness-probes.html">
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<a href="../guide/configure-liveness-readiness-probes.html">
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3.1.1 配置Pod的liveness和readiness探针
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.1.2" data-path="../guide/configure-pod-service-account.html">
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<a href="../guide/configure-pod-service-account.html">
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3.1.2 配置Pod的Service Account
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</a>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2" data-path="../guide/command-usage.html">
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<a href="../guide/command-usage.html">
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3.2 命令使用
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.1" data-path="../guide/using-kubectl.html">
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<a href="../guide/using-kubectl.html">
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3.2.1 使用kubectl
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.3" data-path="../guide/cluster-management.html">
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<a href="../guide/cluster-management.html">
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3.3 集群管理
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.3.1" data-path="../guide/managing-tls-in-a-cluster.html">
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<a href="../guide/managing-tls-in-a-cluster.html">
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3.3.1 管理集群中的TLS
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</a>
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2017-08-21 18:44:34 +08:00
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.3.2" data-path="../guide/kubelet-authentication-authorization.html">
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<a href="../guide/kubelet-authentication-authorization.html">
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3.3.2 kubelet的认证授权
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.3.3" data-path="../guide/tls-bootstrapping.html">
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<a href="../guide/tls-bootstrapping.html">
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3.3.3 TLS bootstrap
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</a>
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2017-08-31 14:23:44 +08:00
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.3.4" data-path="../guide/kubectl-user-authentication-authorization.html">
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<a href="../guide/kubectl-user-authentication-authorization.html">
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3.3.4 kubectl的用户认证授权
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.3.5" data-path="../guide/rbac.html">
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<a href="../guide/rbac.html">
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3.3.5 RBAC——基于角色的访问控制
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</a>
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2017-08-21 17:44:43 +08:00
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.4" data-path="../guide/access-kubernetes-cluster.html">
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<a href="../guide/access-kubernetes-cluster.html">
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3.4 访问 Kubernetes 集群
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.4.1" data-path="../guide/access-cluster.html">
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<a href="../guide/access-cluster.html">
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3.4.1 访问集群
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.4.2" data-path="../guide/authenticate-across-clusters-kubeconfig.html">
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<a href="../guide/authenticate-across-clusters-kubeconfig.html">
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3.4.2 使用 kubeconfig 文件配置跨集群认证
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.4.3" data-path="../guide/connecting-to-applications-port-forward.html">
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<a href="../guide/connecting-to-applications-port-forward.html">
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3.4.3 通过端口转发访问集群中的应用程序
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.4.4" data-path="../guide/service-access-application-cluster.html">
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<a href="../guide/service-access-application-cluster.html">
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3.4.4 使用 service 访问群集中的应用程序
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.5" data-path="../guide/application-development-deployment-flow.html">
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<a href="../guide/application-development-deployment-flow.html">
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3.5 在kubernetes中开发部署应用
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.5.1" data-path="../guide/deploy-applications-in-kubernetes.html">
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<a href="../guide/deploy-applications-in-kubernetes.html">
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3.5.1 适用于kubernetes的应用开发部署流程
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</a>
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2017-08-21 18:44:34 +08:00
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.5.2" data-path="../guide/migrating-hadoop-yarn-to-kubernetes.html">
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<a href="../guide/migrating-hadoop-yarn-to-kubernetes.html">
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3.5.2 迁移传统应用到kubernetes中——以Hadoop YARN为例
|
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</a>
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2017-08-21 17:44:43 +08:00
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4" data-path="../practice/">
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<a href="../practice/">
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4. 最佳实践
|
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1" data-path="../practice/install-kbernetes1.6-on-centos.html">
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<a href="../practice/install-kbernetes1.6-on-centos.html">
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4.1 在CentOS上部署kubernetes1.6集群
|
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.1" data-path="../practice/create-tls-and-secret-key.html">
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<a href="../practice/create-tls-and-secret-key.html">
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4.1.1 创建TLS证书和秘钥
|
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</a>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.2" data-path="../practice/create-kubeconfig.html">
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<a href="../practice/create-kubeconfig.html">
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4.1.2 创建kubeconfig文件
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.3" data-path="../practice/etcd-cluster-installation.html">
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<a href="../practice/etcd-cluster-installation.html">
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4.1.3 创建高可用etcd集群
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.4" data-path="../practice/kubectl-installation.html">
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<a href="../practice/kubectl-installation.html">
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4.1.4 安装kubectl命令行工具
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.5" data-path="../practice/master-installation.html">
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<a href="../practice/master-installation.html">
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4.1.5 部署master节点
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.6" data-path="../practice/node-installation.html">
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<a href="../practice/node-installation.html">
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4.1.6 部署node节点
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.7" data-path="../practice/kubedns-addon-installation.html">
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<a href="../practice/kubedns-addon-installation.html">
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4.1.7 安装kubedns插件
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.8" data-path="../practice/dashboard-addon-installation.html">
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<a href="../practice/dashboard-addon-installation.html">
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4.1.8 安装dashboard插件
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.9" data-path="../practice/heapster-addon-installation.html">
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<a href="../practice/heapster-addon-installation.html">
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4.1.9 安装heapster插件
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.10" data-path="../practice/efk-addon-installation.html">
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<a href="../practice/efk-addon-installation.html">
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4.1.10 安装EFK插件
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2" data-path="../practice/service-discovery-and-loadbalancing.html">
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<a href="../practice/service-discovery-and-loadbalancing.html">
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4.2 服务发现与负载均衡
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2.1" data-path="../practice/traefik-ingress-installation.html">
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<a href="../practice/traefik-ingress-installation.html">
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4.2.1 安装Traefik ingress
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2.2" data-path="../practice/distributed-load-test.html">
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<a href="../practice/distributed-load-test.html">
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4.2.2 分布式负载测试
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2.3" data-path="../practice/network-and-cluster-perfermance-test.html">
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<a href="../practice/network-and-cluster-perfermance-test.html">
|
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4.2.3 网络和集群性能测试
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2.4" data-path="../practice/edge-node-configuration.html">
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<a href="../practice/edge-node-configuration.html">
|
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4.2.4 边缘节点配置
|
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3" data-path="../practice/operation.html">
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<a href="../practice/operation.html">
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4.3 运维管理
|
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</a>
|
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.1" data-path="../practice/service-rolling-update.html">
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<a href="../practice/service-rolling-update.html">
|
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4.3.1 服务滚动升级
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.2" data-path="../practice/app-log-collection.html">
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<a href="../practice/app-log-collection.html">
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4.3.2 应用日志收集
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.3" data-path="../practice/configuration-best-practice.html">
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<a href="../practice/configuration-best-practice.html">
|
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4.3.3 配置最佳实践
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.4" data-path="../practice/monitor.html">
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|
<a href="../practice/monitor.html">
|
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4.3.4 集群及应用监控
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.5" data-path="../practice/jenkins-ci-cd.html">
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<a href="../practice/jenkins-ci-cd.html">
|
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4.3.5 使用Jenkins进行持续构建与发布
|
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.6" data-path="../practice/data-persistence-problem.html">
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<a href="../practice/data-persistence-problem.html">
|
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4.3.6 数据持久化问题
|
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</a>
|
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|
|
2017-09-03 15:58:39 +08:00
|
|
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</li>
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|
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.7" data-path="../practice/manage-compute-resources-container.html">
|
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|
|
<a href="../practice/manage-compute-resources-container.html">
|
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4.3.7 管理容器的计算资源
|
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</a>
|
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|
2017-08-21 17:44:43 +08:00
|
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4" data-path="../practice/storage.html">
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<a href="../practice/storage.html">
|
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4.4 存储管理
|
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</a>
|
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4.1" data-path="../practice/glusterfs.html">
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<a href="../practice/glusterfs.html">
|
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|
4.4.1 GlusterFS
|
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</a>
|
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4.1.1" data-path="../practice/using-glusterfs-for-persistent-storage.html">
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<a href="../practice/using-glusterfs-for-persistent-storage.html">
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4.4.1.1 使用GlusterFS做持久化存储
|
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4.1.2" data-path="../practice/storage-for-containers-using-glusterfs-with-openshift.html">
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<a href="../practice/storage-for-containers-using-glusterfs-with-openshift.html">
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4.4.1.2 在OpenShift中使用GlusterFS做持久化存储
|
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|
</a>
|
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|
2017-09-01 21:04:51 +08:00
|
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4.2" data-path="../practice/cephfs.html">
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|
<a href="../practice/cephfs.html">
|
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4.4.2 CephFS
|
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|
</a>
|
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<ul class="articles">
|
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4.2.1" data-path="../practice/using-ceph-for-persistent-storage.html">
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<a href="../practice/using-ceph-for-persistent-storage.html">
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4.4.2.1 使用Ceph做持久化存储
|
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</a>
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|
2017-08-21 17:44:43 +08:00
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</li>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5" data-path="../usecases/">
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<a href="../usecases/">
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5. 领域应用
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1" data-path="../usecases/microservices.html">
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<a href="../usecases/microservices.html">
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5.1 微服务架构
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.1" data-path="../usecases/istio.html">
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<a href="../usecases/istio.html">
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5.1.1 Istio
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.1.1" data-path="../usecases/istio-installation.html">
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<a href="../usecases/istio-installation.html">
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5.1.1.1 安装istio
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.1.2" data-path="../usecases/configuring-request-routing.html">
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<a href="../usecases/configuring-request-routing.html">
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5.1.1.2 配置请求的路由规则
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.2" data-path="../usecases/linkerd.html">
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<a href="../usecases/linkerd.html">
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5.1.2 Linkerd
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.2.1" data-path="../usecases/linkerd-user-guide.html">
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<a href="../usecases/linkerd-user-guide.html">
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5.1.2.1 Linkerd 使用指南
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.3" data-path="../usecases/service-discovery-in-microservices.html">
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<a href="../usecases/service-discovery-in-microservices.html">
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5.1.3 微服务中的服务发现
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</a>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2" data-path="../usecases/big-data.html">
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<a href="../usecases/big-data.html">
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5.2 大数据
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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|
2017-08-30 14:20:52 +08:00
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|
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.1" data-path="../usecases/spark-standalone-on-kubernetes.html">
|
2017-08-21 17:44:43 +08:00
|
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|
2017-08-30 14:20:52 +08:00
|
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|
<a href="../usecases/spark-standalone-on-kubernetes.html">
|
2017-08-21 17:44:43 +08:00
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|
2017-08-30 14:20:52 +08:00
|
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5.2.1 Spark standalone on Kubernetes
|
2017-08-21 17:44:43 +08:00
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</a>
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2017-08-31 14:23:44 +08:00
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.2" data-path="../usecases/support-spark-natively-in-kubernetes.html">
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<a href="../usecases/support-spark-natively-in-kubernetes.html">
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5.2.2 运行支持kubernetes原生调度的Spark程序
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</a>
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|
2017-08-21 17:44:43 +08:00
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</li>
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</ul>
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2017-08-30 16:52:33 +08:00
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.3" data-path="../usecases/serverless.html">
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<a href="../usecases/serverless.html">
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5.3 Serverless架构
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</a>
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2017-08-21 17:44:43 +08:00
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6" data-path="../develop/">
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<a href="../develop/">
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6. 开发指南
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.1" data-path="../develop/developing-environment.html">
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<a href="../develop/developing-environment.html">
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6.1 开发环境搭建
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</a>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.2" data-path="../develop/testing.html">
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<a href="../develop/testing.html">
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6.2 单元测试和集成测试
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.3" data-path="../develop/client-go-sample.html">
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<a href="../develop/client-go-sample.html">
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6.3 client-go示例
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.4" data-path="../develop/contribute.html">
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<a href="../develop/contribute.html">
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6.4 社区贡献
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.7" data-path="../appendix/">
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<a href="../appendix/">
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7. 附录
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.1" data-path="../appendix/docker-best-practice.html">
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<a href="../appendix/docker-best-practice.html">
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7.1 Docker最佳实践
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</a>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.2" data-path="../appendix/issues.html">
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<a href="../appendix/issues.html">
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7.2 问题记录
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.3" data-path="../appendix/tricks.html">
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<a href="../appendix/tricks.html">
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7.3 使用技巧
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</a>
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<li class="divider"></li>
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<li>
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<a href="https://www.gitbook.com" target="blank" class="gitbook-link">
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本書使用 GitBook 釋出
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</a>
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<div class="book-header" role="navigation">
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<!-- Title -->
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<h1>
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<i class="fa fa-circle-o-notch fa-spin"></i>
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<a href=".." >2.2.15 ConfigMap</a>
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</h1>
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</div>
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<div class="search-noresults">
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<section class="normal markdown-section">
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<h2 id="前言">前言</h2>
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<p>其实ConfigMap功能在Kubernetes1.2版本的时候就有了，许多应用程序会从配置文件、命令行参数或环境变量中读取配置信息。这些配置信息需要与docker image解耦，你总不能每修改一个配置就重做一个image吧？ConfigMap API给我们提供了向容器中注入配置信息的机制，ConfigMap可以被用来保存单个属性，也可以用来保存整个配置文件或者JSON二进制大对象。</p>
|
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<h2 id="configmap概览">ConfigMap概览</h2>
|
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<p><strong>ConfigMap API</strong>资源用来保存<strong>key-value pair</strong>配置数据，这个数据可以在<strong>pods</strong>里使用，或者被用来为像<strong>controller</strong>一样的系统组件存储配置数据。虽然ConfigMap跟<a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/user-guide/secrets/" target="_blank">Secrets</a>类似，但是ConfigMap更方便的处理不含敏感信息的字符串。 注意：ConfigMaps不是属性配置文件的替代品。ConfigMaps只是作为多个properties文件的引用。你可以把它理解为Linux系统中的<code>/etc</code>目录，专门用来存储配置文件的目录。下面举个例子，使用ConfigMap配置来创建Kuberntes Volumes，ConfigMap中的每个data项都会成为一个新文件。</p>
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<pre><code class="lang-yaml"><span class="hljs-attr">kind:</span> ConfigMap
|
|
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|
|
<span class="hljs-attr">apiVersion:</span> v1
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr">metadata:</span>
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr"> creationTimestamp:</span> <span class="hljs-number">2016</span><span class="hljs-bullet">-02</span><span class="hljs-bullet">-18</span>T19:<span class="hljs-number">14</span>:<span class="hljs-number">38</span>Z
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr"> name:</span> example-config
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr"> namespace:</span> default
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr">data:</span>
|
|
|
|
|
example.property<span class="hljs-number">.1</span>: hello
|
|
|
|
|
example.property<span class="hljs-number">.2</span>: world
|
|
|
|
|
example.property.file: |-
|
|
|
|
|
property<span class="hljs-number">.1</span>=value<span class="hljs-bullet">-1</span>
|
|
|
|
|
property<span class="hljs-number">.2</span>=value<span class="hljs-bullet">-2</span>
|
|
|
|
|
property<span class="hljs-number">.3</span>=value<span class="hljs-bullet">-3</span>
|
|
|
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
|
|
|
<p><code>data</code>一栏包括了配置数据，ConfigMap可以被用来保存单个属性，也可以用来保存一个配置文件。 配置数据可以通过很多种方式在Pods里被使用。ConfigMaps可以被用来：</p>
|
|
|
|
|
<ol>
|
|
|
|
|
<li>设置环境变量的值</li>
|
|
|
|
|
<li>在容器里设置命令行参数</li>
|
|
|
|
|
<li>在数据卷里面创建config文件</li>
|
|
|
|
|
</ol>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>用户和系统组件两者都可以在ConfigMap里面存储配置数据。</p>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>其实不用看下面的文章，直接从<code>kubectl create configmap -h</code>的帮助信息中就可以对ConfigMap究竟如何创建略知一二了。</p>
|
|
|
|
|
<pre><code>Examples:
|
|
|
|
|
# Create a new configmap named my-config based on folder bar
|
|
|
|
|
kubectl create configmap my-config --from-file=path/to/bar
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Create a new configmap named my-config with specified keys instead of file basenames on disk
|
|
|
|
|
kubectl create configmap my-config --from-file=key1=/path/to/bar/file1.txt --from-file=key2=/path/to/bar/file2.txt
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Create a new configmap named my-config with key1=config1 and key2=config2
|
|
|
|
|
kubectl create configmap my-config --from-literal=key1=config1 --from-literal=key2=config2
|
|
|
|
|
</code></pre><h2 id="创建configmaps">创建ConfigMaps</h2>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>可以使用该命令，用给定值、文件或目录来创建ConfigMap。</p>
|
|
|
|
|
<pre><code>kubectl create configmap
|
|
|
|
|
</code></pre><h3 id="使用目录创建">使用目录创建</h3>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>比如我们已经有个了包含一些配置文件，其中包含了我们想要设置的ConfigMap的值：</p>
|
|
|
|
|
<pre><code class="lang-bash">$ ls docs/user-guide/configmap/kubectl/
|
|
|
|
|
game.properties
|
|
|
|
|
ui.properties
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ cat docs/user-guide/configmap/kubectl/game.properties
|
|
|
|
|
enemies=aliens
|
|
|
|
|
lives=3
|
|
|
|
|
enemies.cheat=<span class="hljs-literal">true</span>
|
|
|
|
|
enemies.cheat.level=noGoodRotten
|
|
|
|
|
secret.code.passphrase=UUDDLRLRBABAS
|
|
|
|
|
secret.code.allowed=<span class="hljs-literal">true</span>
|
|
|
|
|
secret.code.lives=30
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ cat docs/user-guide/configmap/kubectl/ui.properties
|
|
|
|
|
color.good=purple
|
|
|
|
|
color.bad=yellow
|
|
|
|
|
allow.textmode=<span class="hljs-literal">true</span>
|
|
|
|
|
how.nice.to.look=fairlyNice
|
|
|
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>使用下面的命令可以创建一个包含目录中所有文件的ConfigMap。</p>
|
|
|
|
|
<pre><code class="lang-bash">$ kubectl create configmap game-config --from-file=docs/user-guide/configmap/kubectl
|
|
|
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
|
|
|
<p><code>—from-file</code>指定在目录下的所有文件都会被用在ConfigMap里面创建一个键值对，键的名字就是文件名，值就是文件的内容。</p>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>让我们来看一下这个命令创建的ConfigMap：</p>
|
|
|
|
|
<pre><code class="lang-Yaml">$ kubectl describe configmaps game-config
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr">Name:</span> game-config
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr">Namespace:</span> default
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr">Labels:</span> <none<span class="hljs-string">>
|
|
|
|
|
</span><span class="hljs-attr">Annotations:</span> <none<span class="hljs-string">>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Data
|
|
|
|
|
====
|
|
|
|
|
game.properties: 158 bytes
|
|
|
|
|
ui.properties: 83 bytes
|
|
|
|
|
</span></code></pre>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>我们可以看到那两个key是从kubectl指定的目录中的文件名。这些key的内容可能会很大，所以在kubectl describe的输出中，只能够看到键的名字和他们的大小。 如果想要看到键的值的话，可以使用<code>kubectl get</code>：</p>
|
|
|
|
|
<pre><code class="lang-bash">$ kubectl get configmaps game-config -o yaml
|
|
|
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>我们以<code>yaml</code>格式输出配置。</p>
|
|
|
|
|
<pre><code class="lang-yaml"><span class="hljs-attr">apiVersion:</span> v1
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr">data:</span>
|
|
|
|
|
game.properties: <span class="hljs-string">|
|
|
|
|
|
enemies=aliens
|
|
|
|
|
lives=3
|
|
|
|
|
enemies.cheat=true
|
|
|
|
|
enemies.cheat.level=noGoodRotten
|
|
|
|
|
secret.code.passphrase=UUDDLRLRBABAS
|
|
|
|
|
secret.code.allowed=true
|
|
|
|
|
secret.code.lives=30
|
|
|
|
|
ui.properties: |
|
|
|
|
|
color.good=purple
|
|
|
|
|
color.bad=yellow
|
|
|
|
|
allow.textmode=true
|
|
|
|
|
how.nice.to.look=fairlyNice
|
|
|
|
|
</span><span class="hljs-attr">kind:</span> ConfigMap
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr">metadata:</span>
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr"> creationTimestamp:</span> <span class="hljs-number">2016</span><span class="hljs-bullet">-02</span><span class="hljs-bullet">-18</span>T18:<span class="hljs-number">34</span>:<span class="hljs-number">05</span>Z
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr"> name:</span> game-config
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr"> namespace:</span> default
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr"> resourceVersion:</span> <span class="hljs-string">"407"</span>
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr"> selfLink:</span> /api/v1/namespaces/default/configmaps/game-config
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr"> uid:</span> <span class="hljs-number">30944725</span>-d66e<span class="hljs-bullet">-11e5</span><span class="hljs-bullet">-8</span>cd0<span class="hljs-bullet">-68</span>f728db1985
|
|
|
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
|
|
|
<h3 id="使用文件创建">使用文件创建</h3>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>刚才<strong>使用目录创建</strong>的时候我们<code>—from-file</code>指定的是一个目录，只要指定为一个文件就可以从单个文件中创建ConfigMap。</p>
|
|
|
|
|
<pre><code class="lang-bash">$ kubectl create configmap game-config-2 --from-file=docs/user-guide/configmap/kubectl/game.properties
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ kubectl get configmaps game-config-2 -o yaml
|
|
|
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
|
|
|
<pre><code class="lang-Yaml"><span class="hljs-attr">apiVersion:</span> v1
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr">data:</span>
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr"> game-special-key:</span> <span class="hljs-string">|
|
|
|
|
|
enemies=aliens
|
|
|
|
|
lives=3
|
|
|
|
|
enemies.cheat=true
|
|
|
|
|
enemies.cheat.level=noGoodRotten
|
|
|
|
|
secret.code.passphrase=UUDDLRLRBABAS
|
|
|
|
|
secret.code.allowed=true
|
|
|
|
|
secret.code.lives=30
|
|
|
|
|
</span><span class="hljs-attr">kind:</span> ConfigMap
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr">metadata:</span>
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr"> creationTimestamp:</span> <span class="hljs-number">2016</span><span class="hljs-bullet">-02</span><span class="hljs-bullet">-18</span>T18:<span class="hljs-number">54</span>:<span class="hljs-number">22</span>Z
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr"> name:</span> game-config<span class="hljs-bullet">-3</span>
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr"> namespace:</span> default
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr"> resourceVersion:</span> <span class="hljs-string">"530"</span>
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr"> selfLink:</span> /api/v1/namespaces/default/configmaps/game-config<span class="hljs-bullet">-3</span>
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr"> uid:</span> <span class="hljs-number">05</span>f8da22-d671<span class="hljs-bullet">-11e5</span><span class="hljs-bullet">-8</span>cd0<span class="hljs-bullet">-68</span>f728db1985
|
|
|
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
|
|
|
<p><code>—from-file</code>这个参数可以使用多次，你可以使用两次分别指定上个实例中的那两个配置文件，效果就跟指定整个目录是一样的。</p>
|
|
|
|
|
<h3 id="使用字面值创建">使用字面值创建</h3>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>使用文字值创建，利用<code>—from-literal</code>参数传递配置信息，该参数可以使用多次，格式如下；</p>
|
|
|
|
|
<pre><code class="lang-bash">$ kubectl create configmap special-config --from-literal=special.how=very --from-literal=special.type=charm
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ kubectl get configmaps special-config -o yaml
|
|
|
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
|
|
|
<pre><code class="lang-yaml"><span class="hljs-attr">apiVersion:</span> v1
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr">data:</span>
|
|
|
|
|
special.how: very
|
|
|
|
|
special.type: charm
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr">kind:</span> ConfigMap
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr">metadata:</span>
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr"> creationTimestamp:</span> <span class="hljs-number">2016</span><span class="hljs-bullet">-02</span><span class="hljs-bullet">-18</span>T19:<span class="hljs-number">14</span>:<span class="hljs-number">38</span>Z
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr"> name:</span> special-config
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr"> namespace:</span> default
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr"> resourceVersion:</span> <span class="hljs-string">"651"</span>
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr"> selfLink:</span> /api/v1/namespaces/default/configmaps/special-config
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr"> uid:</span> dadce046-d673<span class="hljs-bullet">-11e5</span><span class="hljs-bullet">-8</span>cd0<span class="hljs-bullet">-68</span>f728db1985
|
|
|
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
|
|
|
<h2 id="pod中使用configmap">Pod中使用ConfigMap</h2>
|
|
|
|
|
<p><strong>使用ConfigMap来替代环境变量</strong></p>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>ConfigMap可以被用来填入环境变量。看下下面的ConfigMap。</p>
|
|
|
|
|
<pre><code class="lang-Yaml"><span class="hljs-attr">apiVersion:</span> v1
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr">kind:</span> ConfigMap
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr">metadata:</span>
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr"> name:</span> special-config
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr"> namespace:</span> default
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr">data:</span>
|
|
|
|
|
special.how: very
|
|
|
|
|
special.type: charm
|
|
|
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
|
|
|
<pre><code class="lang-yaml"><span class="hljs-attr">apiVersion:</span> v1
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr">kind:</span> ConfigMap
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr">metadata:</span>
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr"> name:</span> env-config
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr"> namespace:</span> default
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr">data:</span>
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr"> log_level:</span> INFO
|
|
|
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>我们可以在Pod中这样使用ConfigMap：</p>
|
|
|
|
|
<pre><code class="lang-Yaml"><span class="hljs-attr">apiVersion:</span> v1
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr">kind:</span> Pod
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr">metadata:</span>
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr"> name:</span> dapi-test-pod
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr">spec:</span>
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr"> containers:</span>
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr"> - name:</span> test-container
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr"> image:</span> gcr.io/google_containers/busybox
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr"> command:</span> [ <span class="hljs-string">"/bin/sh"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"-c"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"env"</span> ]
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr"> env:</span>
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr"> - name:</span> SPECIAL_LEVEL_KEY
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr"> valueFrom:</span>
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr"> configMapKeyRef:</span>
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr"> name:</span> special-config
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr"> key:</span> special.how
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr"> - name:</span> SPECIAL_TYPE_KEY
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr"> valueFrom:</span>
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr"> configMapKeyRef:</span>
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr"> name:</span> special-config
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr"> key:</span> special.type
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr"> envFrom:</span>
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr"> - configMapRef:</span>
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr"> name:</span> env-config
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr"> restartPolicy:</span> Never
|
|
|
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>这个Pod运行后会输出如下几行：</p>
|
|
|
|
|
<pre><code>SPECIAL_LEVEL_KEY=very
|
|
|
|
|
SPECIAL_TYPE_KEY=charm
|
|
|
|
|
log_level=INFO
|
|
|
|
|
</code></pre><p><strong>用ConfigMap设置命令行参数</strong></p>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>ConfigMap也可以被使用来设置容器中的命令或者参数值。它使用的是Kubernetes的$(VAR_NAME)替换语法。我们看下下面这个ConfigMap。</p>
|
|
|
|
|
<pre><code class="lang-Yaml"><span class="hljs-attr">apiVersion:</span> v1
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr">kind:</span> ConfigMap
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr">metadata:</span>
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr"> name:</span> special-config
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr"> namespace:</span> default
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr">data:</span>
|
|
|
|
|
special.how: very
|
|
|
|
|
special.type: charm
|
|
|
|
|
</code></pre>
|
2017-08-29 10:29:47 +08:00
|
|
|
<p>为了将ConfigMap中的值注入到命令行的参数里面，我们还要像前面那个例子一样使用环境变量替换语法<code>${VAR_NAME)</code>。（其实这个东西就是给Docker容器设置环境变量，以前我创建镜像的时候经常这么玩，通过docker run的时候指定-e参数修改镜像里的环境变量，然后docker的CMD命令再利用该$(VAR_NAME)通过sed来修改配置文件或者作为命令行启动参数。）</p>
|
2017-08-21 17:44:43 +08:00
|
|
|
<pre><code class="lang-Yaml"><span class="hljs-attr">apiVersion:</span> v1
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr">kind:</span> Pod
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr">metadata:</span>
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr"> name:</span> dapi-test-pod
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr">spec:</span>
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr"> containers:</span>
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr"> - name:</span> test-container
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr"> image:</span> gcr.io/google_containers/busybox
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr"> command:</span> [ <span class="hljs-string">"/bin/sh"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"-c"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"echo $(SPECIAL_LEVEL_KEY) $(SPECIAL_TYPE_KEY)"</span> ]
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr"> env:</span>
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr"> - name:</span> SPECIAL_LEVEL_KEY
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr"> valueFrom:</span>
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr"> configMapKeyRef:</span>
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr"> name:</span> special-config
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr"> key:</span> special.how
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr"> - name:</span> SPECIAL_TYPE_KEY
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr"> valueFrom:</span>
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<span class="hljs-attr"> configMapKeyRef:</span>
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<span class="hljs-attr"> name:</span> special-config
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<span class="hljs-attr"> key:</span> special.type
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<span class="hljs-attr"> restartPolicy:</span> Never
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</code></pre>
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<p>运行这个Pod后会输出：</p>
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<pre><code>very charm
|
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</code></pre><p><strong>通过数据卷插件使用ConfigMap</strong></p>
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<p>ConfigMap也可以在数据卷里面被使用。还是这个ConfigMap。</p>
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<pre><code class="lang-Yaml"><span class="hljs-attr">apiVersion:</span> v1
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<span class="hljs-attr">kind:</span> ConfigMap
|
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<span class="hljs-attr">metadata:</span>
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<span class="hljs-attr"> name:</span> special-config
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<span class="hljs-attr"> namespace:</span> default
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<span class="hljs-attr">data:</span>
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special.how: very
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special.type: charm
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</code></pre>
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<p>在数据卷里面使用这个ConfigMap，有不同的选项。最基本的就是将文件填入数据卷，在这个文件中，键就是文件名，键值就是文件内容：</p>
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<pre><code class="lang-Yaml"><span class="hljs-attr">apiVersion:</span> v1
|
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|
<span class="hljs-attr">kind:</span> Pod
|
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<span class="hljs-attr">metadata:</span>
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<span class="hljs-attr"> name:</span> dapi-test-pod
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<span class="hljs-attr">spec:</span>
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|
<span class="hljs-attr"> containers:</span>
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<span class="hljs-attr"> - name:</span> test-container
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<span class="hljs-attr"> image:</span> gcr.io/google_containers/busybox
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|
<span class="hljs-attr"> command:</span> [ <span class="hljs-string">"/bin/sh"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"-c"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"cat /etc/config/special.how"</span> ]
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<span class="hljs-attr"> volumeMounts:</span>
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<span class="hljs-attr"> - name:</span> config-volume
|
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|
<span class="hljs-attr"> mountPath:</span> /etc/config
|
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|
<span class="hljs-attr"> volumes:</span>
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|
<span class="hljs-attr"> - name:</span> config-volume
|
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|
|
<span class="hljs-attr"> configMap:</span>
|
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|
|
<span class="hljs-attr"> name:</span> special-config
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr"> restartPolicy:</span> Never
|
|
|
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>运行这个Pod的输出是<code>very</code>。</p>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>我们也可以在ConfigMap值被映射的数据卷里控制路径。</p>
|
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|
<pre><code class="lang-Yaml"><span class="hljs-attr">apiVersion:</span> v1
|
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|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr">kind:</span> Pod
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr">metadata:</span>
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr"> name:</span> dapi-test-pod
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr">spec:</span>
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr"> containers:</span>
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr"> - name:</span> test-container
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr"> image:</span> gcr.io/google_containers/busybox
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr"> command:</span> [ <span class="hljs-string">"/bin/sh"</span>,<span class="hljs-string">"-c"</span>,<span class="hljs-string">"cat /etc/config/path/to/special-key"</span> ]
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr"> volumeMounts:</span>
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr"> - name:</span> config-volume
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr"> mountPath:</span> /etc/config
|
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|
|
<span class="hljs-attr"> volumes:</span>
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr"> - name:</span> config-volume
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr"> configMap:</span>
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr"> name:</span> special-config
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr"> items:</span>
|
|
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|
|
<span class="hljs-attr"> - key:</span> special.how
|
|
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|
|
<span class="hljs-attr"> path:</span> path/to/special-key
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-attr"> restartPolicy:</span> Never
|
|
|
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>运行这个Pod后的结果是<code>very</code>。 </p>
|
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