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序言
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1. Kubernetes与云原生应用概览
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2. 概念原理
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2.1 设计理念
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2.2 Objects
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2.2.1 Pod
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2.2.1.1 Pod解析
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2.2.1.2 Init容器
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2.2.1.3 Pod安全策略
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2.2.1.4 Pod的生命周期
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2.2.2 Node
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2.2.3 Namespace
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2.2.4 Service
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2.2.5 Volume和Persistent Volume
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2.2.6 Deployment
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2.2.7 Secret
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2.2.8 StatefulSet
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2.2.9 DaemonSet
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2.2.10 ServiceAccount
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2.2.11 ReplicationController和ReplicaSet
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2.2.12 Job
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2.2.13 CronJob
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2.2.14 Ingress
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2.2.15 ConfigMap
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2.2.16 Horizontal Pod Autoscaling
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2.2.17 Label
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2.2.18 垃圾收集
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2.2.19 NetworkPolicy
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3. 用户指南
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3.1 资源对象配置
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3.1.1 配置Pod的liveness和readiness探针
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3.1.2 配置Pod的Service Account
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3.1.3 Secret配置
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3.2.3 管理namespace中的资源配额
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3.2 命令使用
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3.2.1 使用kubectl
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3.2.2 docker用户过度到kubectl命令行指南
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3.3 集群安全性管理
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3.3.1 管理集群中的TLS
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3.3.2 kubelet的认证授权
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3.3.3 TLS bootstrap
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3.3.4 kubectl的用户认证授权
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3.3.5 RBAC——基于角色的访问控制
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3.3.6 IP伪装代理
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3.4 访问 Kubernetes 集群
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3.4.1 访问集群
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3.4.2 使用 kubeconfig 文件配置跨集群认证
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3.4.3 通过端口转发访问集群中的应用程序
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3.4.4 使用 service 访问群集中的应用程序
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3.5 在kubernetes中开发部署应用
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3.5.1 适用于kubernetes的应用开发部署流程
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3.5.2 迁移传统应用到kubernetes中——以Hadoop YARN为例
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3.5.3 使用StatefulSet部署用状态应用
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4. 最佳实践
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4.1 在CentOS上部署kubernetes1.6集群
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4.1.1 创建TLS证书和秘钥
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4.1.2 创建kubeconfig文件
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4.1.3 创建高可用etcd集群
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4.1.4 安装kubectl命令行工具
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4.1.5 部署master节点
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4.1.6 部署node节点
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4.1.7 安装kubedns插件
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4.1.8 安装dashboard插件
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4.1.9 安装heapster插件
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4.1.10 安装EFK插件
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4.2 服务发现与负载均衡
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4.2.1 安装Traefik ingress
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4.2.2 分布式负载测试
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4.2.3 网络和集群性能测试
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4.2.4 边缘节点配置
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4.2.5 安装Nginx ingress
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4.3 运维管理
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4.3.1 服务滚动升级
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4.3.2 应用日志收集
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4.3.3 配置最佳实践
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4.3.4 集群及应用监控
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4.3.6 数据持久化问题
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4.3.7 管理容器的计算资源
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4.3.8 使用Prometheus监控kubernetes集群
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4.3.9 使用Heapster获取集群和对象的metric数据
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4.3.10 手动集群升级
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4.4 存储管理
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4.4.1 GlusterFS
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4.4.1.1 使用GlusterFS做持久化存储
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< a href = "storage-for-containers-using-glusterfs-with-openshift.html" >
4.4.1.2 在OpenShift中使用GlusterFS做持久化存储
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4.4.2 CephFS
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4.4.2.1 使用Ceph做持久化存储
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4.5 服务编排管理
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4.5.1 使用Helm管理kubernetes应用
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4.5.2 构建私有Chart仓库
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4.6 持续集成与发布
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4.6.1 使用Jenkins进行持续集成与发布
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4.6.2 使用Drone进行持续集成与发布
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5. 领域应用
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5.1 微服务架构
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5.1.1 微服务中的服务发现
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5.2 Service Mesh 服务网格
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5.1.1 Istio
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5.1.1.1 安装istio
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5.1.1.2 配置请求的路由规则
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5.1.2 Linkerd
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5.1.2.1 Linkerd 使用指南
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5.2 大数据
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5.2.1 Spark standalone on Kubernetes
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< a href = "../usecases/running-spark-with-kubernetes-native-scheduler.html" >
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5.2.2 运行支持kubernetes原生调度的Spark程序
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5.3 Serverless架构
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5.4 边缘计算
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6. 开发指南
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6.1 开发环境搭建
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6.2 单元测试和集成测试
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6.3 client-go示例
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6.4 社区贡献
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6.5 Minikube
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7. 附录
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7.1 Docker最佳实践
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7.2 问题记录
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7.3 使用技巧
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7.4 kubernetes中的应用故障排查
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7.5 Kubernetes相关资讯和情报链接
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本书使用 GitBook 发布
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< section class = "normal markdown-section" >
< h1 id = "部署node节点" > 部 署 node节 点 < / h1 >
< p > kubernetes node 节 点 包 含 如 下 组 件 ： < / p >
< ul >
< li > Flanneld： 参 考 我 之 前 写 的 文 章 < a href = "http://rootsongjc.github.io/blogs/kubernetes-network-config/" target = "_blank" > Kubernetes基 于 Flannel的 网 络 配 置 < / a > ， 之 前 没 有 配 置 TLS， 现 在 需 要 在 serivce配 置 文 件 中 增 加 TLS配 置 。 < / li >
< li > Docker1.12.5： docker的 安 装 很 简 单 ， 这 里 也 不 说 了 。 < / li >
< li > kubelet< / li >
< li > kube-proxy< / li >
< / ul >
< p > 下 面 着 重 讲 < code > kubelet< / code > 和 < code > kube-proxy< / code > 的 安 装 ， 同 时 还 要 将 之 前 安 装 的 flannel集 成 TLS验 证 。 < / p >
< p > < strong > 注 意 < / strong > ： 每 台 node 上 都 需 要 安 装 flannel， master 节 点 上 可 以 不 必 安 装 。 < / p >
< h2 id = "目录和文件" > 目 录 和 文 件 < / h2 >
< p > 我 们 再 检 查 一 下 三 个 节 点 上 ， 经 过 前 几 步 操 作 生 成 的 配 置 文 件 。 < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > $ ls /etc/kubernetes/ssl
admin-key.pem admin.pem ca-key.pem ca.pem kube-proxy-key.pem kube-proxy.pem kubernetes-key.pem kubernetes.pem
$ ls /etc/kubernetes/
apiserver bootstrap.kubeconfig config controller-manager kubelet kube-proxy.kubeconfig proxy scheduler ssl token.csv
< / code > < / pre >
< h2 id = "配置flanneld" > 配 置 Flanneld< / h2 >
< p > 参 考 我 之 前 写 的 文 章 < a href = "http://rootsongjc.github.io/blogs/kubernetes-network-config/" target = "_blank" > Kubernetes基 于 Flannel的 网 络 配 置 < / a > ， 之 前 没 有 配 置 TLS， 现 在 需 要 在 serivce配 置 文 件 中 增 加 TLS配 置 。 < / p >
< p > 直 接 使 用 yum安 装 flanneld即 可 。 < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-shell" > yum install -y flannel
< / code > < / pre >
< p > service配 置 文 件 < code > /usr/lib/systemd/system/flanneld.service< / code > 。 < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-ini" > [Unit]
Description=Flanneld overlay address etcd agent
After=network.target
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target
After=etcd.service
Before=docker.service
[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=/etc/sysconfig/flanneld
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/sysconfig/docker-network
ExecStart=/usr/bin/flanneld-start \
-etcd-endpoints=${ETCD_ENDPOINTS} \
-etcd-prefix=${ETCD_PREFIX} \
$FLANNEL_OPTIONS
ExecStartPost=/usr/libexec/flannel/mk-docker-opts.sh -k DOCKER_NETWORK_OPTIONS -d /run/flannel/docker
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
RequiredBy=docker.service
< / code > < / pre >
< p > < code > /etc/sysconfig/flanneld< / code > 配 置 文 件 。 < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-ini" > < span class = "hljs-comment" > # Flanneld configuration options < / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > # etcd url location. Point this to the server where etcd runs< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > ETCD_ENDPOINTS< / span > =< span class = "hljs-string" > " https://172.20.0.113:2379,https://172.20.0.114:2379,https://172.20.0.115:2379" < / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > # etcd config key. This is the configuration key that flannel queries< / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > # For address range assignment< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > ETCD_PREFIX< / span > =< span class = "hljs-string" > " /kube-centos/network" < / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > # Any additional options that you want to pass< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > FLANNEL_OPTIONS< / span > =< span class = "hljs-string" > " -etcd-cafile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem -etcd-certfile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes.pem -etcd-keyfile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes-key.pem" < / span >
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 在 FLANNEL_OPTIONS中 增 加 TLS的 配 置 。 < / p >
< p > < strong > 在 etcd中 创 建 网 络 配 置 < / strong > < / p >
< p > 执 行 下 面 的 命 令 为 docker分 配 IP地 址 段 。 < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-shell" > etcdctl --endpoints=https://172.20.0.113:2379,https://172.20.0.114:2379,https://172.20.0.115:2379 \
--ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes.pem \
--key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes-key.pem \
mkdir /kube-centos/network
etcdctl --endpoints=https://172.20.0.113:2379,https://172.20.0.114:2379,https://172.20.0.115:2379 \
--ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes.pem \
--key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes-key.pem \
mk /kube-centos/network/config ' {" Network" :" 172.30.0.0/16" ," SubnetLen" :24," Backend" :{" Type" :" vxlan" }}'
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 如 果 你 要 使 用 < code > host-gw< / code > 模 式 ， 可 以 直 接 将 vxlan改 成 < code > host-gw< / code > 即 可 。 < / p >
< p > < strong > 配 置 Docker< / strong > < / p >
< p > Flannel的 < a href = "https://github.com/coreos/flannel/blob/master/Documentation/running.md" target = "_blank" > 文 档 < / a > 中 有 写 < strong > Docker Integration< / strong > ： < / p >
< p > Docker daemon accepts < code > --bip< / code > argument to configure the subnet of the docker0 bridge. It also accepts < code > --mtu< / code > to set the MTU for docker0 and veth devices that it will be creating. Since flannel writes out the acquired subnet and MTU values into a file, the script starting Docker can source in the values and pass them to Docker daemon:< / p >
< pre > < code > source /run/flannel/subnet.env
docker daemon --bip=${FLANNEL_SUBNET} --mtu=${FLANNEL_MTU} &
< / code > < / pre > < p > Systemd users can use < code > EnvironmentFile< / code > directive in the .service file to pull in < code > /run/flannel/subnet.env< / code > < / p >
< p > 如 果 你 不 是 使 用 yum安 装 的 flanneld， 那 么 需 要 下 载 flannel github release中 的 tar包 ， 解 压 后 会 获 得 一 个 < strong > mk-docker-opts.sh< / strong > 文 件 。 < / p >
< p > 这 个 文 件 是 用 来 < code > Generate Docker daemon options based on flannel env file< / code > 。 < / p >
< p > 执 行 < code > ./mk-docker-opts.sh -i< / code > 将 会 生 成 如 下 两 个 文 件 环 境 变 量 文 件 。 < / p >
< p > /run/flannel/subnet.env< / p >
< pre > < code > FLANNEL_NETWORK=172.30.0.0/16
FLANNEL_SUBNET=172.30.46.1/24
FLANNEL_MTU=1450
FLANNEL_IPMASQ=false
< / code > < / pre > < p > /run/docker_opts.env< / p >
< pre > < code > DOCKER_OPT_BIP=" --bip=172.30.46.1/24"
DOCKER_OPT_IPMASQ=" --ip-masq=true"
DOCKER_OPT_MTU=" --mtu=1450"
< / code > < / pre > < p > < strong > 设 置 docker0网 桥 的 IP地 址 < / strong > < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-shell" > source /run/flannel/subnet.env
ifconfig docker0 $FLANNEL_SUBNET
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 这 样 docker0和 flannel网 桥 会 在 同 一 个 子 网 中 ， 如 < / p >
< pre > < code > 6: docker0: < NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN
link/ether 02:42:da:bf:83:a2 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.30.38.1/24 brd 172.30.38.255 scope global docker0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
7: flannel.1: < BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1450 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/ether 9a:29:46:61:03:44 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.30.38.0/32 scope global flannel.1
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
< / code > < / pre > < p > 同 时 在 docker 的 配 置 文 件 < a href = "../systemd/docker.service" > docker.service< / a > 中 增 加 环 境 变 量 配 置 ： < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-ini" > < span class = "hljs-attr" > EnvironmentFile< / span > =-/run/flannel/docker
< span class = "hljs-attr" > EnvironmentFile< / span > =-/run/docker_opts.env
< span class = "hljs-attr" > EnvironmentFile< / span > =-/run/flannel/subnet.env
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 防 止 主 机 重 启 后 docker 自 动 重 启 时 加 载 不 到 该 上 述 环 境 变 量 。 < / p >
< p > < strong > 启 动 docker< / strong > < / p >
< p > 重 启 了 docker后 还 要 重 启 kubelet， 这 时 又 遇 到 问 题 ， kubelet启 动 失 败 。 报 错 ： < / p >
< pre > < code > Mar 31 16:44:41 sz-pg-oam-docker-test-002.tendcloud.com kubelet[81047]: error: failed to run Kubelet: failed to create kubelet: misconfiguration: kubelet cgroup driver: " cgroupfs" is different from docker cgroup driver: " systemd"
< / code > < / pre > < p > 这 是 kubelet与 docker的 < strong > cgroup driver< / strong > 不 一 致 导 致 的 ， kubelet启 动 的 时 候 有 个 < code > — cgroup-driver< / code > 参 数 可 以 指 定 为 " cgroupfs" 或 者 “ systemd” 。 < / p >
< pre > < code > --cgroup-driver string Driver that the kubelet uses to manipulate cgroups on the host. Possible values: ' cgroupfs' , ' systemd' (default " cgroupfs" )
< / code > < / pre > < p > < strong > 启 动 flannel< / strong > < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-shell" > systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start flanneld
systemctl status flanneld
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 现 在 查 询 etcd中 的 内 容 可 以 看 到 ： < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > < span class = "hljs-variable" > $etcdctl< / span > --endpoints=< span class = "hljs-variable" > ${ETCD_ENDPOINTS}< / span > \
--ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes.pem \
--key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes-key.pem \
ls /kube-centos/network/subnets
/kube-centos/network/subnets/172.30.14.0-24
/kube-centos/network/subnets/172.30.38.0-24
/kube-centos/network/subnets/172.30.46.0-24
< span class = "hljs-variable" > $etcdctl< / span > --endpoints=< span class = "hljs-variable" > ${ETCD_ENDPOINTS}< / span > \
--ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes.pem \
--key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes-key.pem \
get /kube-centos/network/config
{ < span class = "hljs-string" > " Network" < / span > : < span class = "hljs-string" > " 172.30.0.0/16" < / span > , < span class = "hljs-string" > " SubnetLen" < / span > : 24, < span class = "hljs-string" > " Backend" < / span > : { < span class = "hljs-string" > " Type" < / span > : < span class = "hljs-string" > " vxlan" < / span > } }
< span class = "hljs-variable" > $etcdctl< / span > get /kube-centos/network/subnets/172.30.14.0-24
{< span class = "hljs-string" > " PublicIP" < / span > :< span class = "hljs-string" > " 172.20.0.114" < / span > ,< span class = "hljs-string" > " BackendType" < / span > :< span class = "hljs-string" > " vxlan" < / span > ,< span class = "hljs-string" > " BackendData" < / span > :{< span class = "hljs-string" > " VtepMAC" < / span > :< span class = "hljs-string" > " 56:27:7d:1c:08:22" < / span > }}
< span class = "hljs-variable" > $etcdctl< / span > get /kube-centos/network/subnets/172.30.38.0-24
{< span class = "hljs-string" > " PublicIP" < / span > :< span class = "hljs-string" > " 172.20.0.115" < / span > ,< span class = "hljs-string" > " BackendType" < / span > :< span class = "hljs-string" > " vxlan" < / span > ,< span class = "hljs-string" > " BackendData" < / span > :{< span class = "hljs-string" > " VtepMAC" < / span > :< span class = "hljs-string" > " 12:82:83:59:cf:b8" < / span > }}
< span class = "hljs-variable" > $etcdctl< / span > get /kube-centos/network/subnets/172.30.46.0-24
{< span class = "hljs-string" > " PublicIP" < / span > :< span class = "hljs-string" > " 172.20.0.113" < / span > ,< span class = "hljs-string" > " BackendType" < / span > :< span class = "hljs-string" > " vxlan" < / span > ,< span class = "hljs-string" > " BackendData" < / span > :{< span class = "hljs-string" > " VtepMAC" < / span > :< span class = "hljs-string" > " e6:b2:fd:f6:66:96" < / span > }}
< / code > < / pre >
< h2 id = "安装和配置-kubelet" > 安 装 和 配 置 kubelet< / h2 >
< p > kubelet 启 动 时 向 kube-apiserver 发 送 TLS bootstrapping 请 求 ， 需 要 先 将 bootstrap token 文 件 中 的 kubelet-bootstrap 用 户 赋 予 system:node-bootstrapper cluster 角 色 (role)，
然 后 kubelet 才 能 有 权 限 创 建 认 证 请 求 (certificate signing requests)： < / p >
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< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > < span class = "hljs-built_in" > cd< / span > /etc/kubernetes
kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-bootstrap \
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--clusterrole=system:node-bootstrapper \
--user=kubelet-bootstrap
< / code > < / pre >
< ul >
< li > < code > --user=kubelet-bootstrap< / code > 是 在 < code > /etc/kubernetes/token.csv< / code > 文 件 中 指 定 的 用 户 名 ， 同 时 也 写 入 了 < code > /etc/kubernetes/bootstrap.kubeconfig< / code > 文 件 ； < / li >
< / ul >
< h3 id = "下载最新的-kubelet-和-kube-proxy-二进制文件" > 下 载 最 新 的 kubelet 和 kube-proxy 二 进 制 文 件 < / h3 >
2017-08-31 22:48:18 +08:00
< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > wget https://dl.k8s.io/v1.6.0/kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar -xzvf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
< span class = "hljs-built_in" > cd< / span > kubernetes
tar -xzvf kubernetes-src.tar.gz
cp -r ./server/bin/{kube-proxy,kubelet} /usr/< span class = "hljs-built_in" > local< / span > /bin/
2017-08-21 17:44:43 +08:00
< / code > < / pre >
< h3 id = "创建-kubelet-的service配置文件" > 创 建 kubelet 的 service配 置 文 件 < / h3 >
< p > 文 件 位 置 < code > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service< / code > 。 < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-ini" > [Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kubelet Server
Documentation=https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes
After=docker.service
Requires=docker.service
[Service]
WorkingDirectory=/var/lib/kubelet
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/kubernetes/config
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/kubernetes/kubelet
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kubelet \
$KUBE_LOGTOSTDERR \
$KUBE_LOG_LEVEL \
$KUBELET_API_SERVER \
$KUBELET_ADDRESS \
$KUBELET_PORT \
$KUBELET_HOSTNAME \
$KUBE_ALLOW_PRIV \
$KUBELET_POD_INFRA_CONTAINER \
$KUBELET_ARGS
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
< / code > < / pre >
< p > kubelet的 配 置 文 件 < code > /etc/kubernetes/kubelet< / code > 。 其 中 的 IP地 址 更 改 为 你 的 每 台 node节 点 的 IP地 址 。 < / p >
< p > 注 意 ： < code > /var/lib/kubelet< / code > 需 要 手 动 创 建 。 < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > < span class = "hljs-comment" > ###< / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > ## kubernetes kubelet (minion) config< / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > #< / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > ## The address for the info server to serve on (set to 0.0.0.0 or " " for all interfaces)< / span >
KUBELET_ADDRESS=< span class = "hljs-string" > " --address=172.20.0.113" < / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > #< / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > ## The port for the info server to serve on< / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > #KUBELET_PORT=" --port=10250" < / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > #< / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > ## You may leave this blank to use the actual hostname< / span >
KUBELET_HOSTNAME=< span class = "hljs-string" > " --hostname-override=172.20.0.113" < / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > #< / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > ## location of the api-server< / span >
KUBELET_API_SERVER=< span class = "hljs-string" > " --api-servers=http://172.20.0.113:8080" < / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > #< / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > ## pod infrastructure container< / span >
KUBELET_POD_INFRA_CONTAINER=< span class = "hljs-string" > " --pod-infra-container-image=sz-pg-oam-docker-hub-001.tendcloud.com/library/pod-infrastructure:rhel7" < / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > #< / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > ## Add your own!< / span >
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KUBELET_ARGS=< span class = "hljs-string" > " --cgroup-driver=systemd --cluster-dns=10.254.0.2 --experimental-bootstrap-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/bootstrap.kubeconfig --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.kubeconfig --require-kubeconfig --cert-dir=/etc/kubernetes/ssl --cluster-domain=cluster.local --hairpin-mode promiscuous-bridge --serialize-image-pulls=false" < / span >
2017-08-21 17:44:43 +08:00
< / code > < / pre >
< ul >
< li > < code > --address< / code > 不 能 设 置 为 < code > 127.0.0.1< / code > ， 否 则 后 续 Pods 访 问 kubelet 的 API 接 口 时 会 失 败 ， 因 为 Pods 访 问 的 < code > 127.0.0.1< / code > 指 向 自 己 而 不 是 kubelet； < / li >
< li > 如 果 设 置 了 < code > --hostname-override< / code > 选 项 ， 则 < code > kube-proxy< / code > 也 需 要 设 置 该 选 项 ， 否 则 会 出 现 找 不 到 Node 的 情 况 ； < / li >
2017-08-21 18:44:34 +08:00
< li > < code > " --cgroup-driver< / code > 配 置 成 < code > systemd< / code > ， 不 要 使 用 < code > cgroup< / code > ， 否 则 在 CentOS 系 统 中 kubelet 讲 启 动 失 败 。 < / li >
2017-08-21 17:44:43 +08:00
< li > < code > --experimental-bootstrap-kubeconfig< / code > 指 向 bootstrap kubeconfig 文 件 ， kubelet 使 用 该 文 件 中 的 用 户 名 和 token 向 kube-apiserver 发 送 TLS Bootstrapping 请 求 ； < / li >
< li > 管 理 员 通 过 了 CSR 请 求 后 ， kubelet 自 动 在 < code > --cert-dir< / code > 目 录 创 建 证 书 和 私 钥 文 件 (< code > kubelet-client.crt< / code > 和 < code > kubelet-client.key< / code > )， 然 后 写 入 < code > --kubeconfig< / code > 文 件 ； < / li >
< li > 建 议 在 < code > --kubeconfig< / code > 配 置 文 件 中 指 定 < code > kube-apiserver< / code > 地 址 ， 如 果 未 指 定 < code > --api-servers< / code > 选 项 ， 则 必 须 指 定 < code > --require-kubeconfig< / code > 选 项 后 才 从 配 置 文 件 中 读 取 kube-apiserver 的 地 址 ， 否 则 kubelet 启 动 后 将 找 不 到 kube-apiserver (日 志 中 提 示 未 找 到 API Server） ， < code > kubectl get nodes< / code > 不 会 返 回 对 应 的 Node 信 息 ;< / li >
< li > < code > --cluster-dns< / code > 指 定 kubedns 的 Service IP(可 以 先 分 配 ， 后 续 创 建 kubedns 服 务 时 指 定 该 IP)， < code > --cluster-domain< / code > 指 定 域 名 后 缀 ， 这 两 个 参 数 同 时 指 定 后 才 会 生 效 ； < / li >
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< li > < code > --cluster-domain< / code > 指 定 pod 启 动 时 < code > /etc/resolve.conf< / code > 文 件 中 的 < code > search domain< / code > ， 起 初 我 们 将 其 配 置 成 了 < code > cluster.local.< / code > ， 这 样 在 解 析 service 的 DNS 名 称 时 是 正 常 的 ， 可 是 在 解 析 headless service 中 的 FQDN pod name 的 时 候 却 错 误 ， 因 此 我 们 将 其 修 改 为 < code > cluster.local< / code > ， 去 掉 嘴 后 面 的 ” 点 号 “ 就 可 以 解 决 该 问 题 ， 关 于 kubernetes 中 的 域 名 /服 务 名 称 解 析 请 参 见 我 的 另 一 篇 文 章 。 < / li >
< li > < code > --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.kubeconfig< / code > 中 指 定 的 < code > kubelet.kubeconfig< / code > 文 件 在 第 一 次 启 动 kubelet之 前 并 不 存 在 ， 请 看 下 文 ， 当 通 过 CSR请 求 后 会 自 动 生 成 < code > kubelet.kubeconfig< / code > 文 件 ， 如 果 你 的 节 点 上 已 经 生 成 了 < code > ~/.kube/config< / code > 文 件 ， 你 可 以 将 该 文 件 拷 贝 到 该 路 径 下 ， 并 重 命 名 为 < code > kubelet.kubeconfig< / code > ， 所 有 node节 点 可 以 共 用 同 一 个 kubelet.kubeconfig文 件 ， 这 样 新 添 加 的 节 点 就 不 需 要 再 创 建 CSR请 求 就 能 自 动 添 加 到 kubernetes集 群 中 。 同 样 ， 在 任 意 能 够 访 问 到 kubernetes集 群 的 主 机 上 使 用 < code > kubectl --kubeconfig< / code > 命 令 操 作 集 群 时 ， 只 要 使 用 < code > ~/.kube/config< / code > 文 件 就 可 以 通 过 权 限 认 证 ， 因 为 这 里 面 已 经 有 认 证 信 息 并 认 为 你 是 admin用 户 ， 对 集 群 拥 有 所 有 权 限 。 < / li >
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< li > < code > KUBELET_POD_INFRA_CONTAINER< / code > 是 基 础 镜 像 容 器 ， 这 里 我 用 的 是 私 有 镜 像 仓 库 地 址 ， < strong > 大 家 部 署 的 时 候 需 要 修 改 为 自 己 的 镜 像 < / strong > 。 我 上 传 了 一 个 到 时 速 云 上 ， 可 以 直 接 < code > docker pull index.tenxcloud.com/jimmy/pod-infrastructure< / code > 下 载 。 < / li >
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< / ul >
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< p > 完 整 unit 见 < a href = "../systemd/kubelet.service" > kubelet.service< / a > < / p >
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< h3 id = "启动kublet" > 启 动 kublet< / h3 >
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< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl < span class = "hljs-built_in" > enable< / span > kubelet
systemctl start kubelet
systemctl status kubelet
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< / code > < / pre >
< h3 id = "通过-kublet-的-tls-证书请求" > 通 过 kublet 的 TLS 证 书 请 求 < / h3 >
< p > kubelet 首 次 启 动 时 向 kube-apiserver 发 送 证 书 签 名 请 求 ， 必 须 通 过 后 kubernetes 系 统 才 会 将 该 Node 加 入 到 集 群 。 < / p >
< p > 查 看 未 授 权 的 CSR 请 求 < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > $ kubectl get csr
NAME AGE REQUESTOR CONDITION
csr-2b308 4m kubelet-bootstrap Pending
$ kubectl get nodes
No resources found.
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 通 过 CSR 请 求 < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > $ kubectl certificate approve csr-2b308
certificatesigningrequest < span class = "hljs-string" > " csr-2b308" < / span > approved
$ kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS AGE VERSION
10.64.3.7 Ready 49m v1.6.1
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 自 动 生 成 了 kubelet kubeconfig 文 件 和 公 私 钥 < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > $ ls < span class = "hljs-_" > -l< / span > /etc/kubernetes/kubelet.kubeconfig
-rw------- 1 root root 2284 Apr 7 02:07 /etc/kubernetes/kubelet.kubeconfig
$ ls < span class = "hljs-_" > -l< / span > /etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubelet*
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1046 Apr 7 02:07 /etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubelet-client.crt
-rw------- 1 root root 227 Apr 7 02:04 /etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubelet-client.key
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1103 Apr 7 02:07 /etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubelet.crt
-rw------- 1 root root 1675 Apr 7 02:07 /etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubelet.key
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 注 意 ： 假 如 你 更 新 kubernetes的 证 书 ， 只 要 没 有 更 新 < code > token.csv< / code > ， 当 重 启 kubelet后 ， 该 node就 会 自 动 加 入 到 kuberentes集 群 中 ， 而 不 会 重 新 发 送 < code > certificaterequest< / code > ， 也 不 需 要 在 master节 点 上 执 行 < code > kubectl certificate approve< / code > 操 作 。 前 提 是 不 要 删 除 node节 点 上 的 < code > /etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubelet*< / code > 和 < code > /etc/kubernetes/kubelet.kubeconfig< / code > 文 件 。 否 则 kubelet启 动 时 会 提 示 找 不 到 证 书 而 失 败 。 < / p >
< h2 id = "配置-kube-proxy" > 配 置 kube-proxy< / h2 >
< p > < strong > 创 建 kube-proxy 的 service配 置 文 件 < / strong > < / p >
< p > 文 件 路 径 < code > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service< / code > 。 < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-ini" > [Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kube-Proxy Server
Documentation=https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes
After=network.target
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/kubernetes/config
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/kubernetes/proxy
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-proxy \
$KUBE_LOGTOSTDERR \
$KUBE_LOG_LEVEL \
$KUBE_MASTER \
$KUBE_PROXY_ARGS
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
< / code > < / pre >
< p > kube-proxy配 置 文 件 < code > /etc/kubernetes/proxy< / code > 。 < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > < span class = "hljs-comment" > ###< / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > # kubernetes proxy config< / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > # default config should be adequate< / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > # Add your own!< / span >
KUBE_PROXY_ARGS=< span class = "hljs-string" > " --bind-address=172.20.0.113 --hostname-override=172.20.0.113 --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.kubeconfig --cluster-cidr=10.254.0.0/16" < / span >
< / code > < / pre >
< ul >
< li > < code > --hostname-override< / code > 参 数 值 必 须 与 kubelet 的 值 一 致 ， 否 则 kube-proxy 启 动 后 会 找 不 到 该 Node， 从 而 不 会 创 建 任 何 iptables 规 则 ； < / li >
< li > kube-proxy 根 据 < code > --cluster-cidr< / code > 判 断 集 群 内 部 和 外 部 流 量 ， 指 定 < code > --cluster-cidr< / code > 或 < code > --masquerade-all< / code > 选 项 后 kube-proxy 才 会 对 访 问 Service IP 的 请 求 做 SNAT； < / li >
< li > < code > --kubeconfig< / code > 指 定 的 配 置 文 件 嵌 入 了 kube-apiserver 的 地 址 、 用 户 名 、 证 书 、 秘 钥 等 请 求 和 认 证 信 息 ； < / li >
< li > 预 定 义 的 RoleBinding < code > cluster-admin< / code > 将 User < code > system:kube-proxy< / code > 与 Role < code > system:node-proxier< / code > 绑 定 ， 该 Role 授 予 了 调 用 < code > kube-apiserver< / code > Proxy 相 关 API 的 权 限 ； < / li >
< / ul >
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< p > 完 整 unit 见 < a href = "../systemd/kube-proxy.service" > kube-proxy.service< / a > < / p >
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< h3 id = "启动-kube-proxy" > 启 动 kube-proxy< / h3 >
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< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl < span class = "hljs-built_in" > enable< / span > kube-proxy
systemctl start kube-proxy
systemctl status kube-proxy
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< / code > < / pre >
< h2 id = "验证测试" > 验 证 测 试 < / h2 >
< p > 我 们 创 建 一 个 niginx的 service试 一 下 集 群 是 否 可 用 。 < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > $ kubectl run nginx --replicas=2 --labels=< span class = "hljs-string" > " run=load-balancer-example" < / span > --image=sz-pg-oam-docker-hub-001.tendcloud.com/library/nginx:1.9 --port=80
deployment < span class = "hljs-string" > " nginx" < / span > created
$ kubectl expose deployment nginx --type=NodePort --name=example-service
service < span class = "hljs-string" > " example-service" < / span > exposed
$ kubectl describe svc example-service
Name: example-service
Namespace: default
Labels: run=load-balancer-example
Annotations: < none>
Selector: run=load-balancer-example
Type: NodePort
IP: 10.254.62.207
Port: < < span class = "hljs-built_in" > unset< / span > > 80/TCP
NodePort: < < span class = "hljs-built_in" > unset< / span > > 32724/TCP
Endpoints: 172.30.60.2:80,172.30.94.2:80
Session Affinity: None
Events: < none>
$ curl < span class = "hljs-string" > " 10.254.62.207:80" < / span >
< !DOCTYPE html>
< html>
< head>
< title> Welcome to nginx!< /title>
< style>
body {
width: 35em;
margin: 0 auto;
font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
}
< /style>
< /head>
< body>
< h1> Welcome to nginx!< /h1>
< p> If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.< /p>
< p> For online documentation and support please refer to
< a href=< span class = "hljs-string" > " http://nginx.org/" < / span > > nginx.org< /a> .< br/>
Commercial support is available at
< a href=< span class = "hljs-string" > " http://nginx.com/" < / span > > nginx.com< /a> .< /p>
< p> < em> Thank you < span class = "hljs-keyword" > for< / span > using nginx.< /em> < /p>
< /body>
< /html>
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 提 示 ： 上 面 的 测 试 示 例 中 使 用 的 nginx是 我 的 私 有 镜 像 仓 库 中 的 镜 像 < code > sz-pg-oam-docker-hub-001.tendcloud.com/library/nginx:1.9< / code > ， 大 家 在 测 试 过 程 中 请 换 成 自 己 的 nginx镜 像 地 址 。 < / p >
< p > 访 问 < code > 172.20.0.113:32724< / code > 或 < code > 172.20.0.114:32724< / code > 或 者 < code > 172.20.0.115:32724< / code > 都 可 以 得 到 nginx的 页 面 。 < / p >
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< figure id = "fig1.5.1.6.1" > < img src = "http://olz1di9xf.bkt.clouddn.com/kubernetes-installation-test-nginx.png" alt = "welcome-nginx" > < figcaption > 图 片 - welcome-nginx< / figcaption > < / figure >
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< h2 id = "参考" > 参 考 < / h2 >
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< p > < a href = "../guide/kubelet-authentication-authorization.html" > Kubelet 的 认 证 授 权 < / a > < / p >
< footer class = "page-footer" > < span class = "copyright" > Copyright © jimmysong.io 2017 all right reserved， powered by Gitbook< / span > < span class = "footer-modification" > Updated:
2017-09-21 10:47:11
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