2017-08-21 17:44:43 +08:00
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2017-09-03 13:29:38 +08:00
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<title>2.2 Objects · Kubernetes Handbook</title>
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2017-08-21 17:44:43 +08:00
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<meta name="author" content="Jimmy Song">
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<a href="../">
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1. 前言
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</a>
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<a href="./">
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2. 概念原理
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</a>
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<a href="concepts.html">
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2.1 设计理念
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter active" data-level="1.2.2" data-path="objects.html">
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<a href="objects.html">
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2017-09-03 13:29:38 +08:00
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2.2 Objects
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2017-08-21 17:44:43 +08:00
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.1" data-path="pod-overview.html">
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<a href="pod-overview.html">
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2.2.1 Pod
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.1.1" data-path="pod.html">
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<a href="pod.html">
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2.2.1.1 Pod解析
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</a>
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2017-08-31 23:28:33 +08:00
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.1.2" data-path="init-containers.html">
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<a href="init-containers.html">
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2.2.1.2 Init容器
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</a>
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2017-09-03 15:58:39 +08:00
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.1.3" data-path="pod-security-policy.html">
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<a href="pod-security-policy.html">
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2.2.1.3 Pod安全策略
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</a>
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2017-08-21 17:44:43 +08:00
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.2" data-path="node.html">
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<a href="node.html">
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2.2.2 Node
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.3" data-path="namespace.html">
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<a href="namespace.html">
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2.2.3 Namespace
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.4" data-path="service.html">
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<a href="service.html">
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2.2.4 Service
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.5" data-path="volume.html">
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<a href="volume.html">
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2.2.5 Volume和Persistent Volume
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.6" data-path="deployment.html">
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<a href="deployment.html">
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2.2.6 Deployment
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.7" data-path="secret.html">
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<a href="secret.html">
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2.2.7 Secret
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.8" data-path="statefulset.html">
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<a href="statefulset.html">
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2.2.8 StatefulSet
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.9" data-path="daemonset.html">
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<a href="daemonset.html">
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2.2.9 DaemonSet
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.10" data-path="serviceaccount.html">
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<a href="serviceaccount.html">
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2.2.10 ServiceAccount
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.11" data-path="replicaset.html">
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<a href="replicaset.html">
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2.2.11 ReplicationController和ReplicaSet
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.12" data-path="job.html">
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<a href="job.html">
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2.2.12 Job
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.13" data-path="cronjob.html">
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<a href="cronjob.html">
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2.2.13 CronJob
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.14" data-path="ingress.html">
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<a href="ingress.html">
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2.2.14 Ingress
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.15" data-path="configmap.html">
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<a href="configmap.html">
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2.2.15 ConfigMap
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.16" data-path="horizontal-pod-autoscaling.html">
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<a href="horizontal-pod-autoscaling.html">
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2.2.16 Horizontal Pod Autoscaling
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.17" data-path="label.html">
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<a href="label.html">
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2.2.17 Label
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</a>
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2017-09-03 15:58:39 +08:00
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.18" data-path="garbage-collection.html">
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<a href="garbage-collection.html">
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2.2.18 垃圾收集
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.19" data-path="network-policy.html">
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<a href="network-policy.html">
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2.2.19 NetworkPolicy
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</a>
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2017-08-21 17:44:43 +08:00
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</li>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3" data-path="../guide/">
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<a href="../guide/">
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3. 用户指南
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.1" data-path="../guide/resource-configuration.html">
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<a href="../guide/resource-configuration.html">
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3.1 资源配置
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.1.1" data-path="../guide/configure-liveness-readiness-probes.html">
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<a href="../guide/configure-liveness-readiness-probes.html">
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3.1.1 配置Pod的liveness和readiness探针
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.1.2" data-path="../guide/configure-pod-service-account.html">
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<a href="../guide/configure-pod-service-account.html">
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3.1.2 配置Pod的Service Account
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2" data-path="../guide/command-usage.html">
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<a href="../guide/command-usage.html">
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3.2 命令使用
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.1" data-path="../guide/using-kubectl.html">
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<a href="../guide/using-kubectl.html">
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3.2.1 使用kubectl
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.3" data-path="../guide/cluster-management.html">
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<a href="../guide/cluster-management.html">
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3.3 集群管理
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.3.1" data-path="../guide/managing-tls-in-a-cluster.html">
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<a href="../guide/managing-tls-in-a-cluster.html">
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3.3.1 管理集群中的TLS
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</a>
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2017-08-21 18:44:34 +08:00
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.3.2" data-path="../guide/kubelet-authentication-authorization.html">
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<a href="../guide/kubelet-authentication-authorization.html">
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3.3.2 kubelet的认证授权
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.3.3" data-path="../guide/tls-bootstrapping.html">
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<a href="../guide/tls-bootstrapping.html">
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3.3.3 TLS bootstrap
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</a>
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2017-08-31 14:23:44 +08:00
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.3.4" data-path="../guide/kubectl-user-authentication-authorization.html">
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<a href="../guide/kubectl-user-authentication-authorization.html">
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3.3.4 kubectl的用户认证授权
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.3.5" data-path="../guide/rbac.html">
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<a href="../guide/rbac.html">
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3.3.5 RBAC——基于角色的访问控制
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</a>
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2017-08-21 17:44:43 +08:00
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.4" data-path="../guide/access-kubernetes-cluster.html">
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<a href="../guide/access-kubernetes-cluster.html">
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3.4 访问 Kubernetes 集群
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.4.1" data-path="../guide/access-cluster.html">
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<a href="../guide/access-cluster.html">
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3.4.1 访问集群
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.4.2" data-path="../guide/authenticate-across-clusters-kubeconfig.html">
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<a href="../guide/authenticate-across-clusters-kubeconfig.html">
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3.4.2 使用 kubeconfig 文件配置跨集群认证
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.4.3" data-path="../guide/connecting-to-applications-port-forward.html">
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<a href="../guide/connecting-to-applications-port-forward.html">
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3.4.3 通过端口转发访问集群中的应用程序
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.4.4" data-path="../guide/service-access-application-cluster.html">
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<a href="../guide/service-access-application-cluster.html">
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3.4.4 使用 service 访问群集中的应用程序
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.5" data-path="../guide/application-development-deployment-flow.html">
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<a href="../guide/application-development-deployment-flow.html">
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3.5 在kubernetes中开发部署应用
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.5.1" data-path="../guide/deploy-applications-in-kubernetes.html">
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<a href="../guide/deploy-applications-in-kubernetes.html">
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3.5.1 适用于kubernetes的应用开发部署流程
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</a>
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2017-08-21 18:44:34 +08:00
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.5.2" data-path="../guide/migrating-hadoop-yarn-to-kubernetes.html">
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<a href="../guide/migrating-hadoop-yarn-to-kubernetes.html">
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3.5.2 迁移传统应用到kubernetes中——以Hadoop YARN为例
|
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</a>
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2017-08-21 17:44:43 +08:00
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4" data-path="../practice/">
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<a href="../practice/">
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4. 最佳实践
|
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1" data-path="../practice/install-kbernetes1.6-on-centos.html">
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<a href="../practice/install-kbernetes1.6-on-centos.html">
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4.1 在CentOS上部署kubernetes1.6集群
|
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.1" data-path="../practice/create-tls-and-secret-key.html">
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<a href="../practice/create-tls-and-secret-key.html">
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4.1.1 创建TLS证书和秘钥
|
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</a>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.2" data-path="../practice/create-kubeconfig.html">
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<a href="../practice/create-kubeconfig.html">
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4.1.2 创建kubeconfig文件
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.3" data-path="../practice/etcd-cluster-installation.html">
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<a href="../practice/etcd-cluster-installation.html">
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4.1.3 创建高可用etcd集群
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.4" data-path="../practice/kubectl-installation.html">
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<a href="../practice/kubectl-installation.html">
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4.1.4 安装kubectl命令行工具
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.5" data-path="../practice/master-installation.html">
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<a href="../practice/master-installation.html">
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4.1.5 部署master节点
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.6" data-path="../practice/node-installation.html">
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<a href="../practice/node-installation.html">
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4.1.6 部署node节点
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.7" data-path="../practice/kubedns-addon-installation.html">
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<a href="../practice/kubedns-addon-installation.html">
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4.1.7 安装kubedns插件
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.8" data-path="../practice/dashboard-addon-installation.html">
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<a href="../practice/dashboard-addon-installation.html">
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4.1.8 安装dashboard插件
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.9" data-path="../practice/heapster-addon-installation.html">
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<a href="../practice/heapster-addon-installation.html">
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4.1.9 安装heapster插件
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.10" data-path="../practice/efk-addon-installation.html">
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<a href="../practice/efk-addon-installation.html">
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4.1.10 安装EFK插件
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2" data-path="../practice/service-discovery-and-loadbalancing.html">
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<a href="../practice/service-discovery-and-loadbalancing.html">
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4.2 服务发现与负载均衡
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2.1" data-path="../practice/traefik-ingress-installation.html">
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<a href="../practice/traefik-ingress-installation.html">
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4.2.1 安装Traefik ingress
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2.2" data-path="../practice/distributed-load-test.html">
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<a href="../practice/distributed-load-test.html">
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4.2.2 分布式负载测试
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2.3" data-path="../practice/network-and-cluster-perfermance-test.html">
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<a href="../practice/network-and-cluster-perfermance-test.html">
|
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4.2.3 网络和集群性能测试
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2.4" data-path="../practice/edge-node-configuration.html">
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<a href="../practice/edge-node-configuration.html">
|
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4.2.4 边缘节点配置
|
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3" data-path="../practice/operation.html">
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<a href="../practice/operation.html">
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4.3 运维管理
|
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</a>
|
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.1" data-path="../practice/service-rolling-update.html">
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<a href="../practice/service-rolling-update.html">
|
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4.3.1 服务滚动升级
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.2" data-path="../practice/app-log-collection.html">
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<a href="../practice/app-log-collection.html">
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4.3.2 应用日志收集
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.3" data-path="../practice/configuration-best-practice.html">
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<a href="../practice/configuration-best-practice.html">
|
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4.3.3 配置最佳实践
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.4" data-path="../practice/monitor.html">
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|
<a href="../practice/monitor.html">
|
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4.3.4 集群及应用监控
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.5" data-path="../practice/jenkins-ci-cd.html">
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<a href="../practice/jenkins-ci-cd.html">
|
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4.3.5 使用Jenkins进行持续构建与发布
|
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.6" data-path="../practice/data-persistence-problem.html">
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<a href="../practice/data-persistence-problem.html">
|
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4.3.6 数据持久化问题
|
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</a>
|
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|
|
2017-09-03 15:58:39 +08:00
|
|
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</li>
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|
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.7" data-path="../practice/manage-compute-resources-container.html">
|
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|
|
<a href="../practice/manage-compute-resources-container.html">
|
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4.3.7 管理容器的计算资源
|
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</a>
|
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|
2017-08-21 17:44:43 +08:00
|
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4" data-path="../practice/storage.html">
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<a href="../practice/storage.html">
|
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4.4 存储管理
|
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</a>
|
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4.1" data-path="../practice/glusterfs.html">
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<a href="../practice/glusterfs.html">
|
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|
4.4.1 GlusterFS
|
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</a>
|
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4.1.1" data-path="../practice/using-glusterfs-for-persistent-storage.html">
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<a href="../practice/using-glusterfs-for-persistent-storage.html">
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4.4.1.1 使用GlusterFS做持久化存储
|
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4.1.2" data-path="../practice/storage-for-containers-using-glusterfs-with-openshift.html">
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<a href="../practice/storage-for-containers-using-glusterfs-with-openshift.html">
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4.4.1.2 在OpenShift中使用GlusterFS做持久化存储
|
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|
</a>
|
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|
2017-09-01 21:04:51 +08:00
|
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4.2" data-path="../practice/cephfs.html">
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|
<a href="../practice/cephfs.html">
|
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4.4.2 CephFS
|
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|
</a>
|
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<ul class="articles">
|
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4.2.1" data-path="../practice/using-ceph-for-persistent-storage.html">
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<a href="../practice/using-ceph-for-persistent-storage.html">
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4.4.2.1 使用Ceph做持久化存储
|
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</a>
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|
2017-08-21 17:44:43 +08:00
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5" data-path="../usecases/">
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<a href="../usecases/">
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5. 领域应用
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1" data-path="../usecases/microservices.html">
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<a href="../usecases/microservices.html">
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5.1 微服务架构
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.1" data-path="../usecases/istio.html">
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<a href="../usecases/istio.html">
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5.1.1 Istio
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.1.1" data-path="../usecases/istio-installation.html">
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<a href="../usecases/istio-installation.html">
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5.1.1.1 安装istio
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.1.2" data-path="../usecases/configuring-request-routing.html">
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<a href="../usecases/configuring-request-routing.html">
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5.1.1.2 配置请求的路由规则
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</a>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.2" data-path="../usecases/linkerd.html">
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<a href="../usecases/linkerd.html">
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5.1.2 Linkerd
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.2.1" data-path="../usecases/linkerd-user-guide.html">
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<a href="../usecases/linkerd-user-guide.html">
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5.1.2.1 Linkerd 使用指南
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</a>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.3" data-path="../usecases/service-discovery-in-microservices.html">
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<a href="../usecases/service-discovery-in-microservices.html">
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5.1.3 微服务中的服务发现
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</a>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2" data-path="../usecases/big-data.html">
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<a href="../usecases/big-data.html">
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5.2 大数据
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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|
2017-08-30 14:20:52 +08:00
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|
|
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.1" data-path="../usecases/spark-standalone-on-kubernetes.html">
|
2017-08-21 17:44:43 +08:00
|
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|
|
2017-08-30 14:20:52 +08:00
|
|
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<a href="../usecases/spark-standalone-on-kubernetes.html">
|
2017-08-21 17:44:43 +08:00
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|
2017-08-30 14:20:52 +08:00
|
|
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5.2.1 Spark standalone on Kubernetes
|
2017-08-21 17:44:43 +08:00
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</a>
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|
2017-08-31 14:23:44 +08:00
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.2" data-path="../usecases/support-spark-natively-in-kubernetes.html">
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<a href="../usecases/support-spark-natively-in-kubernetes.html">
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5.2.2 运行支持kubernetes原生调度的Spark程序
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</a>
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|
2017-08-21 17:44:43 +08:00
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</li>
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</ul>
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|
2017-08-30 16:52:33 +08:00
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.3" data-path="../usecases/serverless.html">
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<a href="../usecases/serverless.html">
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5.3 Serverless架构
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</a>
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|
2017-08-21 17:44:43 +08:00
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6" data-path="../develop/">
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<a href="../develop/">
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6. 开发指南
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.1" data-path="../develop/developing-environment.html">
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<a href="../develop/developing-environment.html">
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6.1 开发环境搭建
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.2" data-path="../develop/testing.html">
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<a href="../develop/testing.html">
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6.2 单元测试和集成测试
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.3" data-path="../develop/client-go-sample.html">
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<a href="../develop/client-go-sample.html">
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6.3 client-go示例
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.4" data-path="../develop/contribute.html">
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<a href="../develop/contribute.html">
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6.4 社区贡献
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</a>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.7" data-path="../appendix/">
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<a href="../appendix/">
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7. 附录
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.1" data-path="../appendix/docker-best-practice.html">
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<a href="../appendix/docker-best-practice.html">
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7.1 Docker最佳实践
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.2" data-path="../appendix/issues.html">
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<a href="../appendix/issues.html">
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7.2 问题记录
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.3" data-path="../appendix/tricks.html">
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<a href="../appendix/tricks.html">
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7.3 使用技巧
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</a>
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<li class="divider"></li>
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<li>
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<a href="https://www.gitbook.com" target="blank" class="gitbook-link">
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本書使用 GitBook 釋出
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</a>
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</li>
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</nav>
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</div>
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<div class="book-body">
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<div class="body-inner">
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<div class="book-header" role="navigation">
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<!-- Title -->
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<h1>
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|
<i class="fa fa-circle-o-notch fa-spin"></i>
|
2017-09-03 13:29:38 +08:00
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<a href=".." >2.2 Objects</a>
|
2017-08-21 17:44:43 +08:00
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</h1>
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</div>
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<div class="page-wrapper" tabindex="-1" role="main">
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<div class="page-inner">
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<div class="search-plus" id="book-search-results">
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<div class="search-noresults">
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<section class="normal markdown-section">
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|
2017-09-03 13:29:38 +08:00
|
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<h1 id="objects">Objects</h1>
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|
|
<p>以下列举的内容都是 kubernetes 中的 Object，这些对象都可以在 yaml 文件中作为一种 API 类型来配置。</p>
|
2017-08-21 17:44:43 +08:00
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<ul>
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<li>Pod</li>
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<li>Node</li>
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<li>Namespace</li>
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<li>Service</li>
|
2017-09-03 13:29:38 +08:00
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<li>Volume</li>
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<li>Persistent Volume</li>
|
2017-08-21 17:44:43 +08:00
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<li>Deployment</li>
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<li>Secret</li>
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<li>StatefulSet</li>
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<li>DaemonSet</li>
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<li>ServiceAccount</li>
|
2017-09-03 13:29:38 +08:00
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<li>ReplicationController</li>
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<li>ReplicaSet</li>
|
2017-08-21 17:44:43 +08:00
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<li>Job</li>
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<li>CronJob</li>
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<li>SecurityContext</li>
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<li>Resource Quota</li>
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<li>Horizontal Pod Autoscaling</li>
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<li>Ingress</li>
|
2017-08-25 14:50:46 +08:00
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<li>ConfigMap</li>
|
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<li>Label</li>
|
2017-09-03 13:29:38 +08:00
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<li>ThirdPartyResources</li>
|
2017-08-21 17:44:43 +08:00
|
|
|
</ul>
|
2017-09-03 13:29:38 +08:00
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|
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<h2 id="理解-kubernetes-中的对象">理解 kubernetes 中的对象</h2>
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<p>在 Kubernetes 系统中，<em>Kubernetes 对象</em> 是持久化的条目。Kubernetes 使用这些条目去表示整个集群的状态。特别地，它们描述了如下信息：</p>
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<ul>
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<li>什么容器化应用在运行（以及在哪个 Node 上）</li>
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<li>可以被应用使用的资源</li>
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<li>关于应用如何表现的策略，比如重启策略、升级策略，以及容错策略</li>
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</ul>
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<p>Kubernetes 对象是 “目标性记录” —— 一旦创建对象，Kubernetes 系统将持续工作以确保对象存在。通过创建对象，可以有效地告知 Kubernetes 系统，所需要的集群工作负载看起来是什么样子的，这就是 Kubernetes 集群的 <strong>期望状态</strong>。</p>
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<p>与 Kubernetes 对象工作 —— 是否创建、修改，或者删除 —— 需要使用 <a href="https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/devel/api-conventions.md" target="_blank">Kubernetes API</a>。当使用 <code>kubectl</code> 命令行接口时，比如，CLI 会使用必要的 Kubernetes API 调用，也可以在程序中直接使用 Kubernetes API。为了实现该目标，Kubernetes 当前提供了一个 <code>golang</code> <a href="https://github.com/kubernetes/client-go" target="_blank">客户端库</a> ，其它语言库（例如<a href="https://github.com/kubernetes-incubator/client-python" target="_blank">Python</a>）也正在开发中。</p>
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<h3 id="对象-spec-与状态">对象 Spec 与状态</h3>
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<p>每个 Kubernetes 对象包含两个嵌套的对象字段，它们负责管理对象的配置：对象 <em>spec</em> 和 对象 <em>status</em>。<em>spec</em> 必须提供，它描述了对象的 <em>期望状态</em>—— 希望对象所具有的特征。<em>status</em> 描述了对象的 <em>实际状态</em>，它是由 Kubernetes 系统提供和更新。在任何时刻，Kubernetes 控制平面一直处于活跃状态，管理着对象的实际状态以与我们所期望的状态相匹配。</p>
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<p>例如，Kubernetes Deployment 对象能够表示运行在集群中的应用。当创建 Deployment 时，可能需要设置 Deployment 的 spec，以指定该应用需要有 3 个副本在运行。Kubernetes 系统读取 Deployment spec，启动我们所期望的该应用的 3 个实例 —— 更新状态以与 spec 相匹配。如果那些实例中有失败的（一种状态变更），Kubernetes 系统通过修正来响应 spec 和状态之间的不一致 —— 这种情况，启动一个新的实例来替换。</p>
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<p>关于对象 spec、status 和 metadata 更多信息，查看 <a href="https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/devel/api-conventions.md" target="_blank">Kubernetes API Conventions</a>。</p>
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<h3 id="描述-kubernetes-对象">描述 Kubernetes 对象</h3>
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<p>当创建 KUbernetes 对象时，必须提供对象的 spec，用来描述该对象的期望状态，以及关于对象的一些基本信息（例如，名称）。当使用 KUbernetes API 创建对象时（或者直接创建，或者基于<code>kubectl</code>），API 请求必须在请求体中包含 JSON 格式的信息。<strong>更常用的是，需要在 .yaml 文件中为 kubectl 提供这些信息</strong>。 <code>kubectl</code> 在执行 API 请求时，将这些信息转换成 JSON 格式。</p>
|
|
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|
|
<p>这里有一个 <code>.yaml</code> 示例文件，展示了 KUbernetes Deployment 的必需字段和对象 spec：</p>
|
|
|
|
|
<pre><code class="lang-yaml"><span class="hljs-attr">apiVersion:</span> apps/v1beta1
|
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|
<span class="hljs-attr">kind:</span> Deployment
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<span class="hljs-attr">metadata:</span>
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<span class="hljs-attr"> name:</span> nginx-deployment
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<span class="hljs-attr">spec:</span>
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<span class="hljs-attr"> replicas:</span> <span class="hljs-number">3</span>
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<span class="hljs-attr"> template:</span>
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<span class="hljs-attr"> metadata:</span>
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<span class="hljs-attr"> labels:</span>
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<span class="hljs-attr"> app:</span> nginx
|
|
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<span class="hljs-attr"> spec:</span>
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<span class="hljs-attr"> containers:</span>
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|
<span class="hljs-attr"> - name:</span> nginx
|
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|
<span class="hljs-attr"> image:</span> nginx:<span class="hljs-number">1.7</span><span class="hljs-number">.9</span>
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|
|
<span class="hljs-attr"> ports:</span>
|
|
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|
|
<span class="hljs-attr"> - containerPort:</span> <span class="hljs-number">80</span>
|
|
|
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>一种创建 Deployment 的方式，类似上面使用 <code>.yaml</code> 文件，是使用 <code>kubectl</code> 命令行接口（CLI）中的 <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/user-guide/kubectl/v1.7/#create" target="_blank"><code>kubectl create</code></a> 命令，传递 <code>.yaml</code> 作为参数。下面是一个示例：</p>
|
|
|
|
|
<pre><code class="lang-bash">$ kubectl create <span class="hljs-_">-f</span> docs/user-guide/nginx-deployment.yaml --record
|
|
|
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>输出类似如下这样：</p>
|
|
|
|
|
<pre><code class="lang-bash">deployment <span class="hljs-string">"nginx-deployment"</span> created
|
|
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|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
|
|
|
<h3 id="必需字段">必需字段</h3>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>在想要创建的 KUbernetes 对象对应的 <code>.yaml</code> 文件中，需要配置如下的字段：</p>
|
|
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
|
|
|
<li><code>apiVersion</code> - 创建该对象所使用的 Kubernetes API 的版本</li>
|
|
|
|
|
<li><code>kind</code> - 想要创建的对象的类型</li>
|
|
|
|
|
<li><code>metadata</code> - 帮助识别对象唯一性的数据，包括一个 <code>name</code> 字符串、UID 和可选的 <code>namespace</code></li>
|
|
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|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>也需要提供对象的 <code>spec</code> 字段。对象 <code>spec</code> 的精确格式对每个 Kubernetes 对象来说是不同的，包含了特定于该对象的嵌套字段。<a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/api/" target="_blank">Kubernetes API 参考</a>能够帮助我们找到任何我们想创建的对象的 spec 格式。 </p>
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2017-08-21 17:44:43 +08:00
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