2017-11-21 20:10:10 +08:00
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< title > 从外部访问Kubernetes中的Pod · Kubernetes Handbook - jimmysong.io< / title >
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< a href = "https://jimmysong.io" target = "_blank" class = "custom-link" > Jimmy Song< / a >
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< li class = "divider" > < / li >
< li class = "header" > 前言< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.1" data-path = "../" >
< a href = "../" >
< b > 1.1.< / b >
序言
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< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.2" data-path = "../cloud-native/kubernetes-and-cloud-native-app-overview.html" >
< a href = "../cloud-native/kubernetes-and-cloud-native-app-overview.html" >
< b > 1.2.< / b >
Kubernetes与云原生应用概览
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "header" > 概念与原理< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "2.1" data-path = "../concepts/" >
< a href = "../concepts/" >
< b > 2.1.< / b >
Kubernetes架构
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "2.2" data-path = "../concepts/concepts.html" >
< a href = "../concepts/concepts.html" >
< b > 2.2.< / b >
设计理念
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "2.3" data-path = "../concepts/objects.html" >
< a href = "../concepts/objects.html" >
< b > 2.3.< / b >
资源对象与基本概念解析
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "2.3.1" data-path = "../concepts/pod-overview.html" >
< a href = "../concepts/pod-overview.html" >
< b > 2.3.1.< / b >
Pod
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "2.3.1.1" data-path = "../concepts/pod.html" >
< a href = "../concepts/pod.html" >
< b > 2.3.1.1.< / b >
Pod解析
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "2.3.1.2" data-path = "../concepts/init-containers.html" >
< a href = "../concepts/init-containers.html" >
< b > 2.3.1.2.< / b >
Init容器
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "2.3.1.3" data-path = "../concepts/pod-security-policy.html" >
< a href = "../concepts/pod-security-policy.html" >
< b > 2.3.1.3.< / b >
Pod安全策略
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "2.3.1.4" data-path = "../concepts/pod-lifecycle.html" >
< a href = "../concepts/pod-lifecycle.html" >
< b > 2.3.1.4.< / b >
Pod的生命周期
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "2.3.2" data-path = "../concepts/node.html" >
< a href = "../concepts/node.html" >
< b > 2.3.2.< / b >
Node
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "2.3.3" data-path = "../concepts/namespace.html" >
< a href = "../concepts/namespace.html" >
< b > 2.3.3.< / b >
Namespace
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "2.3.4" data-path = "../concepts/service.html" >
< a href = "../concepts/service.html" >
< b > 2.3.4.< / b >
Service
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "2.3.5" data-path = "../concepts/volume.html" >
< a href = "../concepts/volume.html" >
< b > 2.3.5.< / b >
Volume和Persistent Volume
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "2.3.6" data-path = "../concepts/deployment.html" >
< a href = "../concepts/deployment.html" >
< b > 2.3.6.< / b >
Deployment
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "2.3.7" data-path = "../concepts/secret.html" >
< a href = "../concepts/secret.html" >
< b > 2.3.7.< / b >
Secret
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "2.3.8" data-path = "../concepts/statefulset.html" >
< a href = "../concepts/statefulset.html" >
< b > 2.3.8.< / b >
StatefulSet
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "2.3.9" data-path = "../concepts/daemonset.html" >
< a href = "../concepts/daemonset.html" >
< b > 2.3.9.< / b >
DaemonSet
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "2.3.10" data-path = "../concepts/serviceaccount.html" >
< a href = "../concepts/serviceaccount.html" >
< b > 2.3.10.< / b >
ServiceAccount
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "2.3.11" data-path = "../concepts/replicaset.html" >
< a href = "../concepts/replicaset.html" >
< b > 2.3.11.< / b >
ReplicationController和ReplicaSet
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "2.3.12" data-path = "../concepts/job.html" >
< a href = "../concepts/job.html" >
< b > 2.3.12.< / b >
Job
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "2.3.13" data-path = "../concepts/cronjob.html" >
< a href = "../concepts/cronjob.html" >
< b > 2.3.13.< / b >
CronJob
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "2.3.14" data-path = "../concepts/ingress.html" >
< a href = "../concepts/ingress.html" >
< b > 2.3.14.< / b >
Ingress
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "2.3.15" data-path = "../concepts/configmap.html" >
< a href = "../concepts/configmap.html" >
< b > 2.3.15.< / b >
ConfigMap
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "2.3.15.1" data-path = "../concepts/configmap-hot-update.html" >
< a href = "../concepts/configmap-hot-update.html" >
< b > 2.3.15.1.< / b >
ConfigMap的热更新
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "2.3.16" data-path = "../concepts/horizontal-pod-autoscaling.html" >
< a href = "../concepts/horizontal-pod-autoscaling.html" >
< b > 2.3.16.< / b >
Horizontal Pod Autoscaling
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "2.3.17" data-path = "../concepts/label.html" >
< a href = "../concepts/label.html" >
< b > 2.3.17.< / b >
Label
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "2.3.18" data-path = "../concepts/garbage-collection.html" >
< a href = "../concepts/garbage-collection.html" >
< b > 2.3.18.< / b >
垃圾收集
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "2.3.19" data-path = "../concepts/network-policy.html" >
< a href = "../concepts/network-policy.html" >
< b > 2.3.19.< / b >
NetworkPolicy
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "2.3.20" data-path = "../concepts/annotation.html" >
< a href = "../concepts/annotation.html" >
< b > 2.3.20.< / b >
Annotation
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "header" > 用户指南< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.1" data-path = "./" >
< a href = "./" >
< b > 3.1.< / b >
用户指南
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.2" data-path = "resource-configuration.html" >
< a href = "resource-configuration.html" >
< b > 3.2.< / b >
资源对象配置
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.2.1" data-path = "configure-liveness-readiness-probes.html" >
< a href = "configure-liveness-readiness-probes.html" >
< b > 3.2.1.< / b >
配置Pod的liveness和readiness探针
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.2.2" data-path = "configure-pod-service-account.html" >
< a href = "configure-pod-service-account.html" >
< b > 3.2.2.< / b >
配置Pod的Service Account
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.2.3" data-path = "secret-configuration.html" >
< a href = "secret-configuration.html" >
< b > 3.2.3.< / b >
Secret配置
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.2.4" data-path = "resource-quota-management.html" >
< a href = "resource-quota-management.html" >
< b > 3.2.4.< / b >
管理namespace中的资源配额
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.3" data-path = "command-usage.html" >
< a href = "command-usage.html" >
< b > 3.3.< / b >
命令使用
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.3.1" data-path = "docker-cli-to-kubectl.html" >
< a href = "docker-cli-to-kubectl.html" >
< b > 3.3.1.< / b >
docker用户过度到kubectl命令行指南
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.3.2" data-path = "using-kubectl.html" >
< a href = "using-kubectl.html" >
< b > 3.3.2.< / b >
kubectl命令概览
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.3.3" data-path = "kubectl-cheatsheet.html" >
< a href = "kubectl-cheatsheet.html" >
< b > 3.3.3.< / b >
kubectl命令技巧大全
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.4" data-path = "cluster-security-management.html" >
< a href = "cluster-security-management.html" >
< b > 3.4.< / b >
集群安全性管理
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.4.1" data-path = "managing-tls-in-a-cluster.html" >
< a href = "managing-tls-in-a-cluster.html" >
< b > 3.4.1.< / b >
管理集群中的TLS
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.4.2" data-path = "kubelet-authentication-authorization.html" >
< a href = "kubelet-authentication-authorization.html" >
< b > 3.4.2.< / b >
kubelet的认证授权
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.4.3" data-path = "tls-bootstrapping.html" >
< a href = "tls-bootstrapping.html" >
< b > 3.4.3.< / b >
TLS bootstrap
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.4.4" data-path = "kubectl-user-authentication-authorization.html" >
< a href = "kubectl-user-authentication-authorization.html" >
< b > 3.4.4.< / b >
创建用户认证授权的kubeconfig文件
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.4.5" data-path = "rbac.html" >
< a href = "rbac.html" >
< b > 3.4.5.< / b >
RBAC——基于角色的访问控制
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.4.6" data-path = "ip-masq-agent.html" >
< a href = "ip-masq-agent.html" >
< b > 3.4.6.< / b >
IP伪装代理
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.4.7" data-path = "auth-with-kubeconfig-or-token.html" >
< a href = "auth-with-kubeconfig-or-token.html" >
< b > 3.4.7.< / b >
使用kubeconfig或token进行用户身份认证
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.4.8" data-path = "authentication.html" >
< a href = "authentication.html" >
< b > 3.4.8.< / b >
kubernetes中的用户与身份认证授权
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.5" data-path = "access-kubernetes-cluster.html" >
< a href = "access-kubernetes-cluster.html" >
< b > 3.5.< / b >
访问Kubernetes集群
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.5.1" data-path = "access-cluster.html" >
< a href = "access-cluster.html" >
< b > 3.5.1.< / b >
访问集群
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.5.2" data-path = "authenticate-across-clusters-kubeconfig.html" >
< a href = "authenticate-across-clusters-kubeconfig.html" >
< b > 3.5.2.< / b >
使用kubeconfig文件配置跨集群认证
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.5.3" data-path = "connecting-to-applications-port-forward.html" >
< a href = "connecting-to-applications-port-forward.html" >
< b > 3.5.3.< / b >
通过端口转发访问集群中的应用程序
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.5.4" data-path = "service-access-application-cluster.html" >
< a href = "service-access-application-cluster.html" >
< b > 3.5.4.< / b >
使用service访问群集中的应用程序
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter active" data-level = "3.5.5" data-path = "accessing-kubernetes-pods-from-outside-of-the-cluster.html" >
< a href = "accessing-kubernetes-pods-from-outside-of-the-cluster.html" >
< b > 3.5.5.< / b >
从外部访问Kubernetes中的Pod
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.6" data-path = "application-development-deployment-flow.html" >
< a href = "application-development-deployment-flow.html" >
< b > 3.6.< / b >
在kubernetes中开发部署应用
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.6.1" data-path = "deploy-applications-in-kubernetes.html" >
< a href = "deploy-applications-in-kubernetes.html" >
< b > 3.6.1.< / b >
适用于kubernetes的应用开发部署流程
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.6.2" data-path = "migrating-hadoop-yarn-to-kubernetes.html" >
< a href = "migrating-hadoop-yarn-to-kubernetes.html" >
< b > 3.6.2.< / b >
迁移传统应用到kubernetes中——以Hadoop YARN为例
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.6.3" data-path = "using-statefulset.html" >
< a href = "using-statefulset.html" >
< b > 3.6.3.< / b >
使用StatefulSet部署用状态应用
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "header" > 最佳实践< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.1" data-path = "../practice/" >
< a href = "../practice/" >
< b > 4.1.< / b >
最佳实践概览
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.2" data-path = "../practice/install-kbernetes1.6-on-centos.html" >
< a href = "../practice/install-kbernetes1.6-on-centos.html" >
< b > 4.2.< / b >
在CentOS上部署kubernetes1.6集群
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.2.1" data-path = "../practice/create-tls-and-secret-key.html" >
< a href = "../practice/create-tls-and-secret-key.html" >
< b > 4.2.1.< / b >
创建TLS证书和秘钥
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.2.2" data-path = "../practice/create-kubeconfig.html" >
< a href = "../practice/create-kubeconfig.html" >
< b > 4.2.2.< / b >
创建kubeconfig文件
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.2.3" data-path = "../practice/etcd-cluster-installation.html" >
< a href = "../practice/etcd-cluster-installation.html" >
< b > 4.2.3.< / b >
创建高可用etcd集群
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.2.4" data-path = "../practice/kubectl-installation.html" >
< a href = "../practice/kubectl-installation.html" >
< b > 4.2.4.< / b >
安装kubectl命令行工具
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.2.5" data-path = "../practice/master-installation.html" >
< a href = "../practice/master-installation.html" >
< b > 4.2.5.< / b >
部署master节点
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.2.6" data-path = "../practice/node-installation.html" >
< a href = "../practice/node-installation.html" >
< b > 4.2.6.< / b >
部署node节点
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.2.7" data-path = "../practice/kubedns-addon-installation.html" >
< a href = "../practice/kubedns-addon-installation.html" >
< b > 4.2.7.< / b >
安装kubedns插件
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.2.8" data-path = "../practice/dashboard-addon-installation.html" >
< a href = "../practice/dashboard-addon-installation.html" >
< b > 4.2.8.< / b >
安装dashboard插件
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.2.9" data-path = "../practice/heapster-addon-installation.html" >
< a href = "../practice/heapster-addon-installation.html" >
< b > 4.2.9.< / b >
安装heapster插件
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.2.10" data-path = "../practice/efk-addon-installation.html" >
< a href = "../practice/efk-addon-installation.html" >
< b > 4.2.10.< / b >
安装EFK插件
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.3" data-path = "../practice/service-discovery-and-loadbalancing.html" >
< a href = "../practice/service-discovery-and-loadbalancing.html" >
< b > 4.3.< / b >
服务发现与负载均衡
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< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.3.1" data-path = "../practice/traefik-ingress-installation.html" >
< a href = "../practice/traefik-ingress-installation.html" >
< b > 4.3.1.< / b >
安装Traefik ingress
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< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.3.2" data-path = "../practice/distributed-load-test.html" >
< a href = "../practice/distributed-load-test.html" >
< b > 4.3.2.< / b >
分布式负载测试
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.3.3" data-path = "../practice/network-and-cluster-perfermance-test.html" >
< a href = "../practice/network-and-cluster-perfermance-test.html" >
< b > 4.3.3.< / b >
网络和集群性能测试
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.3.4" data-path = "../practice/edge-node-configuration.html" >
< a href = "../practice/edge-node-configuration.html" >
< b > 4.3.4.< / b >
边缘节点配置
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.3.5" data-path = "../practice/nginx-ingress-installation.html" >
< a href = "../practice/nginx-ingress-installation.html" >
< b > 4.3.5.< / b >
安装Nginx ingress
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.4" data-path = "../practice/operation.html" >
< a href = "../practice/operation.html" >
< b > 4.4.< / b >
运维管理
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.4.1" data-path = "../practice/service-rolling-update.html" >
< a href = "../practice/service-rolling-update.html" >
< b > 4.4.1.< / b >
服务滚动升级
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.4.2" data-path = "../practice/app-log-collection.html" >
< a href = "../practice/app-log-collection.html" >
< b > 4.4.2.< / b >
应用日志收集
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.4.3" data-path = "../practice/configuration-best-practice.html" >
< a href = "../practice/configuration-best-practice.html" >
< b > 4.4.3.< / b >
配置最佳实践
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.4.4" data-path = "../practice/monitor.html" >
< a href = "../practice/monitor.html" >
< b > 4.4.4.< / b >
集群及应用监控
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.4.5" data-path = "../practice/data-persistence-problem.html" >
< a href = "../practice/data-persistence-problem.html" >
< b > 4.4.5.< / b >
数据持久化问题
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.4.6" data-path = "../practice/manage-compute-resources-container.html" >
< a href = "../practice/manage-compute-resources-container.html" >
< b > 4.4.6.< / b >
管理容器的计算资源
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.5" data-path = "../practice/storage.html" >
< a href = "../practice/storage.html" >
< b > 4.5.< / b >
存储管理
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.5.1" data-path = "../practice/glusterfs.html" >
< a href = "../practice/glusterfs.html" >
< b > 4.5.1.< / b >
GlusterFS
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.5.1.1" data-path = "../practice/using-glusterfs-for-persistent-storage.html" >
< a href = "../practice/using-glusterfs-for-persistent-storage.html" >
< b > 4.5.1.1.< / b >
使用GlusterFS做持久化存储
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.5.1.2" data-path = "../practice/storage-for-containers-using-glusterfs-with-openshift.html" >
< a href = "../practice/storage-for-containers-using-glusterfs-with-openshift.html" >
< b > 4.5.1.2.< / b >
在OpenShift中使用GlusterFS做持久化存储
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.5.2" data-path = "../practice/cephfs.html" >
< a href = "../practice/cephfs.html" >
< b > 4.5.2.< / b >
CephFS
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.5.2.1" data-path = "../practice/using-ceph-for-persistent-storage.html" >
< a href = "../practice/using-ceph-for-persistent-storage.html" >
< b > 4.5.2.1.< / b >
使用Ceph做持久化存储
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.6" data-path = "../practice/monitoring.html" >
< a href = "../practice/monitoring.html" >
< b > 4.6.< / b >
集群与应用监控
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.6.1" data-path = "../practice/heapster.html" >
< a href = "../practice/heapster.html" >
< b > 4.6.1.< / b >
Heapster
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.6.1.1" data-path = "../practice/using-heapster-to-get-object-metrics.html" >
< a href = "../practice/using-heapster-to-get-object-metrics.html" >
< b > 4.6.1.1.< / b >
使用Heapster获取集群和对象的metric数据
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.6.2" data-path = "../practice/prometheus.html" >
< a href = "../practice/prometheus.html" >
< b > 4.6.2.< / b >
Prometheus
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.6.2.1" data-path = "../practice/using-prometheus-to-monitor-kuberentes-cluster.html" >
< a href = "../practice/using-prometheus-to-monitor-kuberentes-cluster.html" >
< b > 4.6.2.1.< / b >
使用Prometheus监控kubernetes集群
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.7" data-path = "../practice/services-management-tool.html" >
< a href = "../practice/services-management-tool.html" >
< b > 4.7.< / b >
服务编排管理
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.7.1" data-path = "../practice/helm.html" >
< a href = "../practice/helm.html" >
< b > 4.7.1.< / b >
使用Helm管理kubernetes应用
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.7.2" data-path = "../practice/create-private-charts-repo.html" >
< a href = "../practice/create-private-charts-repo.html" >
< b > 4.7.2.< / b >
构建私有Chart仓库
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.8" data-path = "../practice/ci-cd.html" >
< a href = "../practice/ci-cd.html" >
< b > 4.8.< / b >
持续集成与发布
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.8.1" data-path = "../practice/jenkins-ci-cd.html" >
< a href = "../practice/jenkins-ci-cd.html" >
< b > 4.8.1.< / b >
使用Jenkins进行持续集成与发布
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.8.2" data-path = "../practice/drone-ci-cd.html" >
< a href = "../practice/drone-ci-cd.html" >
< b > 4.8.2.< / b >
使用Drone进行持续集成与发布
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.9" data-path = "../practice/update-and-upgrade.html" >
< a href = "../practice/update-and-upgrade.html" >
< b > 4.9.< / b >
更新与升级
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.9.1" data-path = "../practice/manually-upgrade.html" >
< a href = "../practice/manually-upgrade.html" >
< b > 4.9.1.< / b >
手动升级kubernetes集群
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.9.2" data-path = "../practice/dashboard-upgrade.html" >
< a href = "../practice/dashboard-upgrade.html" >
< b > 4.9.2.< / b >
升级dashboard
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "header" > 领域应用< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.1" data-path = "../usecases/" >
< a href = "../usecases/" >
< b > 5.1.< / b >
领域应用概览
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.2" data-path = "../usecases/microservices.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/microservices.html" >
< b > 5.2.< / b >
微服务架构
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.2.1" data-path = "../usecases/service-discovery-in-microservices.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/service-discovery-in-microservices.html" >
< b > 5.2.1.< / b >
微服务中的服务发现
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.3" data-path = "../usecases/service-mesh.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/service-mesh.html" >
< b > 5.3.< / b >
Service Mesh 服务网格
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.3.1" data-path = "../usecases/istio.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/istio.html" >
< b > 5.3.1.< / b >
Istio
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.3.1.1" data-path = "../usecases/istio-installation.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/istio-installation.html" >
< b > 5.3.1.1.< / b >
安装并试用Istio service mesh
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.3.1.2" data-path = "../usecases/configuring-request-routing.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/configuring-request-routing.html" >
< b > 5.3.1.2.< / b >
配置请求的路由规则
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.3.1.3" data-path = "../usecases/install-and-expand-istio-mesh.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/install-and-expand-istio-mesh.html" >
< b > 5.3.1.3.< / b >
安装和拓展Istio service mesh
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.3.1.4" data-path = "../usecases/integrating-vms.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/integrating-vms.html" >
< b > 5.3.1.4.< / b >
集成虚拟机
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.3.2" data-path = "../usecases/linkerd.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/linkerd.html" >
< b > 5.3.2.< / b >
Linkerd
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.3.2.1" data-path = "../usecases/linkerd-user-guide.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/linkerd-user-guide.html" >
< b > 5.3.2.1.< / b >
Linkerd 使用指南
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.4" data-path = "../usecases/big-data.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/big-data.html" >
< b > 5.4.< / b >
大数据
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.4.1" data-path = "../usecases/spark-standalone-on-kubernetes.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/spark-standalone-on-kubernetes.html" >
< b > 5.4.1.< / b >
Spark standalone on Kubernetes
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.4.2" data-path = "../usecases/running-spark-with-kubernetes-native-scheduler.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/running-spark-with-kubernetes-native-scheduler.html" >
< b > 5.4.2.< / b >
运行支持kubernetes原生调度的Spark程序
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.5" data-path = "../usecases/serverless.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/serverless.html" >
< b > 5.5.< / b >
Serverless架构
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.6" data-path = "../usecases/edge-computing.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/edge-computing.html" >
< b > 5.6.< / b >
边缘计算
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "header" > 开发指南< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.1" data-path = "../develop/" >
< a href = "../develop/" >
< b > 6.1.< / b >
开发指南概览
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.2" data-path = "../develop/developing-environment.html" >
< a href = "../develop/developing-environment.html" >
< b > 6.2.< / b >
开发环境搭建
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.3" data-path = "../develop/testing.html" >
< a href = "../develop/testing.html" >
< b > 6.3.< / b >
单元测试和集成测试
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.4" data-path = "../develop/client-go-sample.html" >
< a href = "../develop/client-go-sample.html" >
< b > 6.4.< / b >
client-go示例
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.5" data-path = "../develop/contribute.html" >
< a href = "../develop/contribute.html" >
< b > 6.5.< / b >
社区贡献
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.6" data-path = "../develop/minikube.html" >
< a href = "../develop/minikube.html" >
< b > 6.6.< / b >
Minikube
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "header" > 附录< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.1" data-path = "../appendix/" >
< a href = "../appendix/" >
< b > 7.1.< / b >
附录说明
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.2" data-path = "../appendix/debug-kubernetes-services.html" >
< a href = "../appendix/debug-kubernetes-services.html" >
< b > 7.2.< / b >
Kubernetes中的应用故障排查
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.3" data-path = "../appendix/material-share.html" >
< a href = "../appendix/material-share.html" >
< b > 7.3.< / b >
Kubernetes相关资讯和情报链接
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.4" data-path = "../appendix/docker-best-practice.html" >
< a href = "../appendix/docker-best-practice.html" >
< b > 7.4.< / b >
Docker最佳实践
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.5" data-path = "../appendix/tricks.html" >
< a href = "../appendix/tricks.html" >
< b > 7.5.< / b >
使用技巧
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.6" data-path = "../appendix/issues.html" >
< a href = "../appendix/issues.html" >
< b > 7.6.< / b >
问题记录
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "divider" > < / li >
< li >
< a href = "https://www.gitbook.com" target = "blank" class = "gitbook-link" >
本书使用 GitBook 发布
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / nav >
< / div >
< div class = "book-body" >
< div class = "body-inner" >
< div class = "book-header" role = "navigation" >
<!-- Title -->
< h1 >
< i class = "fa fa-circle-o-notch fa-spin" > < / i >
< a href = ".." > 从外部访问Kubernetes中的Pod< / a >
< / h1 >
< / div >
< div class = "page-wrapper" tabindex = "-1" role = "main" >
< div class = "page-inner" >
< div class = "search-plus" id = "book-search-results" >
< div class = "search-noresults" >
< section class = "normal markdown-section" >
< h1 id = "从外部访问kubernetes中的pod" > 从 外 部 访 问 Kubernetes中 的 Pod< / h1 >
< p > 前 面 几 节 讲 到 如 何 访 问 kubneretes集 群 ， 本 文 主 要 讲 解 访 问 kubenretes中 的 Pod和 Serivce的 集 中 方 式 ， 包 括 如 下 几 种 ： < / p >
< ul >
< li > hostNetwork< / li >
< li > hostPort< / li >
< li > NodePort< / li >
< li > LoadBalancer< / li >
< li > Ingress< / li >
< / ul >
< p > 说 是 暴 露 Pod其 实 跟 暴 露 Service是 一 回 事 ， 因 为 Pod就 是 Service的 backend。 < / p >
< h2 id = "hostnetwork-true" > hostNetwork: true< / h2 >
< p > 这 是 一 种 直 接 定 义 Pod网 络 的 方 式 。 < / p >
< p > 如 果 在 Pod中 使 用 < code > hostNotwork:true< / code > 配 置 的 话 ， 在 这 种 pod中 运 行 的 应 用 程 序 可 以 直 接 看 到 pod启 动 的 主 机 的 网 络 接 口 。 在 主 机 的 所 有 网 络 接 口 上 都 可 以 访 问 到 该 应 用 程 序 。 以 下 是 使 用 主 机 网 络 的 pod的 示 例 定 义 ： < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-yaml" > < span class = "hljs-attr" > apiVersion:< / span > v1
< span class = "hljs-attr" > kind:< / span > Pod
< span class = "hljs-attr" > metadata:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > name:< / span > influxdb
< span class = "hljs-attr" > spec:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > hostNetwork:< / span > < span class = "hljs-literal" > true< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > containers:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > - name:< / span > influxdb
< span class = "hljs-attr" > image:< / span > influxdb
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 部 署 该 Pod： < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > $ kubectl create < span class = "hljs-_" > -f< / span > influxdb-hostnetwork.yml
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 访 问 该 pod所 在 主 机 的 8086端 口 ： < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > curl -v http://< span class = "hljs-variable" > $POD_IP< / span > :8086/ping
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 将 看 到 204 No Content的 204返 回 码 ， 说 明 可 以 正 常 访 问 。 < / p >
< p > 注 意 每 次 启 动 这 个 Pod的 时 候 都 可 能 被 调 度 到 不 同 的 节 点 上 ， 所 有 外 部 访 问 Pod的 IP也 是 变 化 的 ， 而 且 调 度 Pod的 时 候 还 需 要 考 虑 是 否 与 宿 主 机 上 的 端 口 冲 突 ， 因 此 一 般 情 况 下 除 非 您 知 道 需 要 某 个 特 定 应 用 占 用 特 定 宿 主 机 上 的 特 定 端 口 时 才 使 用 < code > hostNetwork: true< / code > 的 方 式 。 < / p >
< p > 这 种 Pod的 网 络 模 式 有 一 个 用 处 就 是 可 以 将 网 络 插 件 包 装 在 Pod中 然 后 部 署 在 每 个 宿 主 机 上 ， 这 样 该 Pod就 可 以 控 制 该 宿 主 机 上 的 所 有 网 络 。 < / p >
< h2 id = "hostport" > hostPort< / h2 >
< p > 这 是 一 种 直 接 定 义 Pod网 络 的 方 式 。 < / p >
< p > < code > hostPort< / code > 是 直 接 将 容 器 的 端 口 与 所 调 度 的 节 点 上 的 端 口 路 由 ， 这 样 用 户 就 可 以 通 过 宿 主 机 的 IP加 上 < hostport > 来 访 问 Pod了 ， 如 < hostip > :< hostport > 。 < / hostport > < / hostip > < / hostport > < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-yaml" > < span class = "hljs-attr" > apiVersion:< / span > v1
< span class = "hljs-attr" > kind:< / span > Pod
< span class = "hljs-attr" > metadata:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > name:< / span > influxdb
< span class = "hljs-attr" > spec:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > containers:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > - name:< / span > influxdb
< span class = "hljs-attr" > image:< / span > influxdb
< span class = "hljs-attr" > ports:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > - containerPort:< / span > < span class = "hljs-number" > 8086< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > hostPort:< / span > < span class = "hljs-number" > 8086< / span >
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 这 样 做 有 个 缺 点 ， 因 为 Pod重 新 调 度 的 时 候 该 Pod被 调 度 到 的 宿 主 机 可 能 会 变 动 ， 这 样 < hostip > 就 变 化 了 ， 用 户 必 须 自 己 维 护 一 个 Pod与 所 在 宿 主 机 的 对 应 关 系 。 < / hostip > < / p >
< p > 这 种 网 络 方 式 可 以 用 来 做 nginx < a href = "https://github.com/kubernetes/ingress/tree/master/controllers/nginx" target = "_blank" > Ingress controller< / a > 。 外 部 流 量 都 需 要 通 过 kubenretes node节 点 的 80和 443端 口 。 < / p >
< h2 id = "nodeport" > NodePort< / h2 >
< p > NodePort在 kubenretes里 是 一 个 广 泛 应 用 的 服 务 暴 露 方 式 。 Kubernetes中 的 service默 认 情 况 下 都 是 使 用 的 < code > ClusterIP< / code > 这 种 类 型 ， 这 样 的 service会 产 生 一 个 ClusterIP， 这 个 IP只 能 在 集 群 内 部 访 问 ， 要 想 让 外 部 能 够 直 接 访 问 service， 需 要 将 service type修 改 为 < code > nodePort< / code > 。 < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-yaml" > < span class = "hljs-attr" > apiVersion:< / span > v1
< span class = "hljs-attr" > kind:< / span > Pod
< span class = "hljs-attr" > metadata:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > name:< / span > influxdb
< span class = "hljs-attr" > labels:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > name:< / span > influxdb
< span class = "hljs-attr" > spec:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > containers:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > - name:< / span > influxdb
< span class = "hljs-attr" > image:< / span > influxdb
< span class = "hljs-attr" > ports:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > - containerPort:< / span > < span class = "hljs-number" > 8086< / span >
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 同 时 还 可 以 给 service指 定 一 个 < code > nodePort< / code > 值 ， 范 围 是 30000-32767， 这 个 值 在 API server的 配 置 文 件 中 ， 用 < code > --service-node-port-range< / code > 定 义 。 < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-yaml" > < span class = "hljs-attr" > kind:< / span > Service
< span class = "hljs-attr" > apiVersion:< / span > v1
< span class = "hljs-attr" > metadata:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > name:< / span > influxdb
< span class = "hljs-attr" > spec:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > type:< / span > NodePort
< span class = "hljs-attr" > ports:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > - port:< / span > < span class = "hljs-number" > 8086< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > nodePort:< / span > < span class = "hljs-number" > 30000< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > selector:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > name:< / span > influxdb
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 集 群 外 就 可 以 使 用 kubernetes任 意 一 个 节 点 的 IP加 上 30000端 口 访 问 该 服 务 了 。 kube-proxy会 自 动 将 流 量 以 round-robin的 方 式 转 发 给 该 service的 每 一 个 pod。 < / p >
< p > 这 种 服 务 暴 露 方 式 ， 无 法 让 你 指 定 自 己 想 要 的 应 用 常 用 端 口 ， 不 过 可 以 在 集 群 上 再 部 署 一 个 反 向 代 理 作 为 流 量 入 口 。 < / p >
< h2 id = "loadbalancer" > LoadBalancer< / h2 >
< p > < code > LoadBalancer< / code > 只 能 在 service上 定 义 。 这 是 公 有 云 提 供 的 负 载 均 衡 器 ， 如 AWS、 Azure、 CloudStack、 GCE等 。 < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-yaml" > < span class = "hljs-attr" > kind:< / span > Service
< span class = "hljs-attr" > apiVersion:< / span > v1
< span class = "hljs-attr" > metadata:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > name:< / span > influxdb
< span class = "hljs-attr" > spec:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > type:< / span > LoadBalancer
< span class = "hljs-attr" > ports:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > - port:< / span > < span class = "hljs-number" > 8086< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > selector:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > name:< / span > influxdb
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 查 看 服 务 ： < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > $ kubectl get svc influxdb
NAME CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
influxdb 10.97.121.42 10.13.242.236 8086:30051/TCP 39s
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 内 部 可 以 使 用 ClusterIP加 端 口 来 访 问 服 务 ， 如 19.97.121.42:8086。 < / p >
< p > 外 部 可 以 用 以 下 两 种 方 式 访 问 该 服 务 ： < / p >
< ul >
< li > 使 用 任 一 节 点 的 IP加 30051端 口 访 问 该 服 务 < / li >
< li > 使 用 < code > EXTERNAL-IP< / code > 来 访 问 ， 这 是 一 个 VIP， 是 云 供 应 商 提 供 的 负 载 均 衡 器 IP， 如 10.13.242.236:8086。 < / li >
< / ul >
< h2 id = "ingress" > Ingress< / h2 >
< p > < code > Ingress< / code > 是 自 kubernetes1.1版 本 后 引 入 的 资 源 类 型 。 必 须 要 部 署 < a href = "https://github.com/kubernetes/ingress/tree/master/controllers/nginx" target = "_blank" > Ingress controller< / a > 才 能 创 建 Ingress资 源 ， Ingress controller是 以 一 种 插 件 的 形 式 提 供 。 Ingress controller 是 部 署 在 Kubernetes之 上 的 Docker容 器 。 它 的 Docker镜 像 包 含 一 个 像 nginx或 HAProxy的 负 载 均 衡 器 和 一 个 控 制 器 守 护 进 程 。 控 制 器 守 护 程 序 从 Kubernetes接 收 所 需 的 Ingress配 置 。 它 会 生 成 一 个 nginx或 HAProxy配 置 文 件 ， 并 重 新 启 动 负 载 平 衡 器 进 程 以 使 更 改 生 效 。 换 句 话 说 ， Ingress controller是 由 Kubernetes管 理 的 负 载 均 衡 器 。 < / p >
< p > Kubernetes Ingress提 供 了 负 载 平 衡 器 的 典 型 特 性 ： HTTP路 由 ， 粘 性 会 话 ， SSL终 止 ， SSL直 通 ， TCP和 UDP负 载 平 衡 等 。 目 前 并 不 是 所 有 的 Ingress controller都 实 现 了 这 些 功 能 ， 需 要 查 看 具 体 的 Ingress controller文 档 。 < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-yaml" > < span class = "hljs-attr" > apiVersion:< / span > extensions/v1beta1
< span class = "hljs-attr" > kind:< / span > Ingress
< span class = "hljs-attr" > metadata:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > name:< / span > influxdb
< span class = "hljs-attr" > spec:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > rules:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > - host:< / span > influxdb.kube.example.com
< span class = "hljs-attr" > http:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > paths:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > - backend:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > serviceName:< / span > influxdb
< span class = "hljs-attr" > servicePort:< / span > < span class = "hljs-number" > 8086< / span >
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 外 部 访 问 URL < a href = "http://influxdb.kube.example.com/ping" target = "_blank" > http://influxdb.kube.example.com/ping< / a > 访 问 该 服 务 ， 入 口 就 是 80端 口 ， 然 后 Ingress controller直 接 将 流 量 转 发 给 后 端 Pod， 不 需 再 经 过 kube-proxy的 转 发 ， 比 LoadBalancer方 式 更 高 效 。 < / p >
< h2 id = "总结" > 总 结 < / h2 >
< p > 总 的 来 说 Ingress是 一 个 非 常 灵 活 和 越 来 越 得 到 厂 商 支 持 的 服 务 暴 露 方 式 ， 包 括 Nginx、 HAProxy、 Traefik， 还 有 各 种 Service Mesh， 而 其 它 服 务 暴 露 方 式 可 以 更 适 用 于 服 务 调 试 、 特 殊 应 用 的 部 署 。 < / p >
< h2 id = "参考" > 参 考 < / h2 >
< p > < a href = "http://alesnosek.com/blog/2017/02/14/accessing-kubernetes-pods-from-outside-of-the-cluster/" target = "_blank" > Accessing Kubernetes Pods from Outside of the Cluster - alesnosek.com< / a > < / p >
< footer class = "page-footer" > < span class = "copyright" > Copyright © jimmysong.io 2017 all right reserved， powered by Gitbook< / span > < span class = "footer-modification" > Updated:
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