2017-09-03 15:58:39 +08:00
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1. 前言
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2. 概念原理
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2.1 设计理念
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2.2 Objects
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2.2.1 Pod
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2.2.1.1 Pod解析
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2.2.1.2 Init容器
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2.2.1.3 Pod安全策略
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2.2.2 Node
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2.2.3 Namespace
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2.2.4 Service
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2.2.5 Volume和Persistent Volume
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2.2.6 Deployment
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2.2.7 Secret
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2.2.8 StatefulSet
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2.2.9 DaemonSet
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2.2.10 ServiceAccount
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2.2.11 ReplicationController和ReplicaSet
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2.2.12 Job
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2.2.13 CronJob
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2.2.14 Ingress
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2.2.15 ConfigMap
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2.2.16 Horizontal Pod Autoscaling
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2.2.17 Label
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2.2.18 垃圾收集
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2.2.19 NetworkPolicy
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3. 用户指南
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3.1 资源配置
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3.1.1 配置Pod的liveness和readiness探针
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3.1.2 配置Pod的Service Account
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3.2 命令使用
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3.2.1 使用kubectl
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3.3 集群管理
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3.3.1 管理集群中的TLS
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3.3.2 kubelet的认证授权
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3.3.3 TLS bootstrap
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3.3.4 kubectl的用户认证授权
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3.3.5 RBAC——基于角色的访问控制
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3.4 访问 Kubernetes 集群
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3.4.1 访问集群
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3.4.2 使用 kubeconfig 文件配置跨集群认证
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3.4.3 通过端口转发访问集群中的应用程序
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3.4.4 使用 service 访问群集中的应用程序
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3.5 在kubernetes中开发部署应用
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3.5.1 适用于kubernetes的应用开发部署流程
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3.5.2 迁移传统应用到kubernetes中——以Hadoop YARN为例
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4. 最佳实践
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4.1 在CentOS上部署kubernetes1.6集群
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4.1.1 创建TLS证书和秘钥
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4.1.2 创建kubeconfig文件
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4.1.3 创建高可用etcd集群
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4.1.4 安装kubectl命令行工具
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4.1.5 部署master节点
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4.1.6 部署node节点
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4.1.7 安装kubedns插件
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4.1.8 安装dashboard插件
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4.1.9 安装heapster插件
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4.1.10 安装EFK插件
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4.2 服务发现与负载均衡
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4.2.1 安装Traefik ingress
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4.2.2 分布式负载测试
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4.2.3 网络和集群性能测试
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4.2.4 边缘节点配置
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4.3 运维管理
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4.3.1 服务滚动升级
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4.3.2 应用日志收集
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4.3.3 配置最佳实践
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4.3.4 集群及应用监控
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4.3.5 使用Jenkins进行持续构建与发布
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4.3.6 数据持久化问题
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4.3.7 管理容器的计算资源
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4.4 存储管理
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4.4.1 GlusterFS
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4.4.1.1 使用GlusterFS做持久化存储
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4.4.1.2 在OpenShift中使用GlusterFS做持久化存储
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4.4.2 CephFS
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4.4.2.1 使用Ceph做持久化存储
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5. 领域应用
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5.1 微服务架构
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5.1.1 Istio
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5.1.1.1 安装istio
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5.1.1.2 配置请求的路由规则
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5.1.2 Linkerd
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5.1.2.1 Linkerd 使用指南
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5.1.3 微服务中的服务发现
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5.2 大数据
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5.2.1 Spark standalone on Kubernetes
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< h1 id = "network-policy" > Network Policy< / h1 >
< p > 网 络 策 略 说 明 一 组 < code > Pod< / code > 之 间 是 如 何 被 允 许 互 相 通 信 ， 以 及 如 何 与 其 它 网 络 Endpoint 进 行 通 信 。 < code > NetworkPolicy< / code > 资 源 使 用 标 签 来 选 择 < code > Pod< / code > ， 并 定 义 了 一 些 规 则 ， 这 些 规 则 指 明 允 许 什 么 流 量 进 入 到 选 中 的 < code > Pod< / code > 上 。 < / p >
< h2 id = "前提条件" > 前 提 条 件 < / h2 >
< p > 网 络 策 略 通 过 网 络 插 件 来 实 现 ， 所 以 必 须 使 用 一 种 支 持 < code > NetworkPolicy< / code > 的 网 络 方 案 — — 非 Controller 创 建 的 资 源 ， 是 不 起 作 用 的 。 < / p >
< h2 id = "隔离的与未隔离的-pod" > 隔 离 的 与 未 隔 离 的 Pod< / h2 >
< p > 默 认 Pod 是 未 隔 离 的 ， 它 们 可 以 从 任 何 的 源 接 收 请 求 。 具 有 一 个 可 以 选 择 Pod 的 网 络 策 略 后 ， Pod 就 会 变 成 隔 离 的 。 一 旦 Namespace 中 配 置 的 网 络 策 略 能 够 选 择 一 个 特 定 的 Pod， 这 个 Pod 将 拒 绝 任 何 该 网 络 策 略 不 允 许 的 连 接 。 （ Namespace 中 其 它 未 被 网 络 策 略 选 中 的 Pod 将 继 续 接 收 所 有 流 量 ） < / p >
< h2 id = "networkpolicy-资源" > < code > NetworkPolicy< / code > 资 源 < / h2 >
< p > 查 看 < a href = "https://kubernetes.io/docs/api-reference/v1.7/#networkpolicy-v1-networking" target = "_blank" > API参 考 < / a > 可 以 获 取 该 资 源 的 完 整 定 义 。 < / p >
< p > 下 面 是 一 个 < code > NetworkPolicy< / code > 的 例 子 ： < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-yaml" > < span class = "hljs-attr" > apiVersion:< / span > networking.k8s.io/v1
< span class = "hljs-attr" > kind:< / span > NetworkPolicy
< span class = "hljs-attr" > metadata:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > name:< / span > test-network-policy
< span class = "hljs-attr" > namespace:< / span > default
< span class = "hljs-attr" > spec:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > podSelector:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > matchLabels:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > role:< / span > db
< span class = "hljs-attr" > ingress:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > - from:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > - namespaceSelector:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > matchLabels:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > project:< / span > myproject
< span class = "hljs-attr" > - podSelector:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > matchLabels:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > role:< / span > frontend
< span class = "hljs-attr" > ports:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > - protocol:< / span > TCP
< span class = "hljs-attr" > port:< / span > < span class = "hljs-number" > 6379< / span >
< / code > < / pre >
< p > < em > 将 上 面 配 置 POST 到 API Server 将 不 起 任 何 作 用 ， 除 非 选 择 的 网 络 方 案 支 持 网 络 策 略 。 < / em > < / p >
< p > < strong > 必 选 字 段 < / strong > ： 像 所 有 其 它 Kubernetes 配 置 一 样 ， < code > NetworkPolicy< / code > 需 要 < code > apiVersion< / code > 、 < code > kind< / code > 和 < code > metadata< / code > 这 三 个 字 段 ， 关 于 如 何 使 用 配 置 文 件 的 基 本 信 息 ， 可 以 查 看 < a href = "https://kubernetes.io/docs/user-guide/simple-yaml" target = "_blank" > 这 里 < / a > ， < a href = "https://kubernetes.io/docs/user-guide/configuring-containers" target = "_blank" > 这 里 < / a > 和 < a href = "https://kubernetes.io/docs/user-guide/working-with-resources" target = "_blank" > 这 里 < / a > 。 < / p >
< p > < strong > spec< / strong > ： < code > NetworkPolicy< / code > < a href = "https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/devel/api-conventions.md#spec-and-status" target = "_blank" > spec< / a > 具 有 在 给 定 Namespace 中 定 义 特 定 网 络 的 全 部 信 息 。 < / p >
< p > < strong > podSelector< / strong > ： 每 个 < code > NetworkPolicy< / code > 包 含 一 个 < code > podSelector< / code > ， 它 可 以 选 择 一 组 应 用 了 网 络 策 略 的 Pod。 由 于 < code > NetworkPolicy< / code > 当 前 只 支 持 定 义 < code > ingress< / code > 规 则 ， 这 个 < code > podSelector< / code > 实 际 上 为 该 策 略 定 义 了 一 组 “ 目 标 Pod” 。 示 例 中 的 策 略 选 择 了 标 签 为 “ role=db” 的 Pod。 一 个 空 的 < code > podSelector< / code > 选 择 了 该 Namespace 中 的 所 有 Pod。 < / p >
< p > < strong > ingress< / strong > ： 每 个 < code > NetworkPolicy< / code > 包 含 了 一 个 白 名 单 < code > ingress< / code > 规 则 列 表 。 每 个 规 则 只 允 许 能 够 匹 配 上 < code > from< / code > 和 < code > ports< / code > 配 置 段 的 流 量 。 示 例 策 略 包 含 了 单 个 规 则 ， 它 从 这 两 个 源 中 匹 配 在 单 个 端 口 上 的 流 量 ， 第 一 个 是 通 过 < code > namespaceSelector< / code > 指 定 的 ， 第 二 个 是 通 过 < code > podSelector< / code > 指 定 的 。 < / p >
< p > 因 此 ， 上 面 示 例 的 NetworkPolicy： < / p >
< ol >
< li > 在 “ default” Namespace中 隔 离 了 标 签 “ role=db” 的 Pod（ 如 果 他 们 还 没 有 被 隔 离 ） < / li >
< li > 在 “ default” Namespace中 ， 允 许 任 何 具 有 “ role=frontend” 的 Pod， 连 接 到 标 签 为 “ role=db” 的 Pod 的 TCP 端 口 6379< / li >
< li > 允 许 在 Namespace 中 任 何 具 有 标 签 “ project=myproject” 的 Pod， 连 接 到 “ default” Namespace 中 标 签 为 “ role=db” 的 Pod 的 TCP 端 口 6379< / li >
< / ol >
< p > 查 看 < a href = "https://kubernetes.io/docs/getting-started-guides/network-policy/walkthrough" target = "_blank" > NetworkPolicy 入 门 指 南 < / a > 给 出 的 更 进 一 步 的 例 子 。 < / p >
< h2 id = "默认策略" > 默 认 策 略 < / h2 >
< p > 通 过 创 建 一 个 可 以 选 择 所 有 Pod 但 不 允 许 任 何 流 量 的 NetworkPolicy， 你 可 以 为 一 个 Namespace 创 建 一 个 “ 默 认 的 ” 隔 离 策 略 ， 如 下 所 示 ： < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-Yaml" > < span class = "hljs-attr" > apiVersion:< / span > networking.k8s.io/v1
< span class = "hljs-attr" > kind:< / span > NetworkPolicy
< span class = "hljs-attr" > metadata:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > name:< / span > default-deny
< span class = "hljs-attr" > spec:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > podSelector:< / span >
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 这 确 保 了 即 使 是 没 有 被 任 何 NetworkPolicy 选 中 的 Pod， 将 仍 然 是 被 隔 离 的 。 < / p >
< p > 可 选 地 ， 在 Namespace 中 ， 如 果 你 想 允 许 所 有 的 流 量 进 入 到 所 有 的 Pod（ 即 使 已 经 添 加 了 某 些 策 略 ， 使 一 些 Pod 被 处 理 为 “ 隔 离 的 ” ） ， 你 可 以 通 过 创 建 一 个 策 略 来 显 式 地 指 定 允 许 所 有 流 量 ： < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-yaml" > < span class = "hljs-attr" > apiVersion:< / span > networking.k8s.io/v1
< span class = "hljs-attr" > kind:< / span > NetworkPolicy
< span class = "hljs-attr" > metadata:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > name:< / span > allow-all
< span class = "hljs-attr" > spec:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > podSelector:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > ingress:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-bullet" > -< / span > {}
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 原 文 地 址 ： < a href = "https://k8smeetup.github.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/network-policies/" target = "_blank" > https://k8smeetup.github.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/network-policies/< / a > < / p >
< p > 译 者 ： < a href = "https://github.com/shirdrn" target = "_blank" > shirdrn< / a > < / p >
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