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序言
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1. Kubernetes与云原生应用概览
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2. 概念原理
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2.1 设计理念
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2.2 Objects
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2.2.1 Pod
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2.2.1.1 Pod解析
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2.2.1.2 Init容器
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2.2.1.3 Pod安全策略
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2.2.1.4 Pod的生命周期
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2.2.2 Node
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2.2.3 Namespace
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2.2.4 Service
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2.2.5 Volume和Persistent Volume
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2.2.6 Deployment
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2.2.7 Secret
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2.2.8 StatefulSet
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2.2.9 DaemonSet
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2.2.10 ServiceAccount
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2.2.11 ReplicationController和ReplicaSet
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2.2.12 Job
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2.2.13 CronJob
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2.2.14 Ingress
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2.2.15 ConfigMap
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2.2.15.1 ConfigMap的热更新
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2.2.16 Horizontal Pod Autoscaling
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2.2.17 Label
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2.2.18 垃圾收集
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2.2.19 NetworkPolicy
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2.2.20 Annotation
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3. 用户指南
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3.1 资源对象配置
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3.1.1 配置Pod的liveness和readiness探针
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3.1.2 配置Pod的Service Account
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3.1.3 Secret配置
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3.2.3 管理namespace中的资源配额
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3.2 命令使用
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3.2.1 docker用户过度到kubectl命令行指南
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3.2.2 kubectl命令概览
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3.2.3 kubectl命令技巧大全
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3.3 集群安全性管理
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3.3.1 管理集群中的TLS
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3.3.2 kubelet的认证授权
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3.3.3 TLS bootstrap
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3.3.4 创建用户认证授权的kubeconfig文件
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3.3.5 RBAC——基于角色的访问控制
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3.3.6 IP伪装代理
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3.3.7 使用kubeconfig或token进行用户身份认证
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3.4 访问 Kubernetes 集群
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3.4.1 访问集群
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3.4.2 使用 kubeconfig 文件配置跨集群认证
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3.4.3 通过端口转发访问集群中的应用程序
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3.4.4 使用 service 访问群集中的应用程序
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3.5 在kubernetes中开发部署应用
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3.5.1 适用于kubernetes的应用开发部署流程
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3.5.2 迁移传统应用到kubernetes中——以Hadoop YARN为例
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3.5.3 使用StatefulSet部署用状态应用
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4. 最佳实践
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4.1 在CentOS上部署kubernetes1.6集群
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4.1.1 创建TLS证书和秘钥
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4.1.2 创建kubeconfig文件
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4.1.3 创建高可用etcd集群
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4.1.4 安装kubectl命令行工具
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4.1.5 部署master节点
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4.1.6 部署node节点
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4.1.7 安装kubedns插件
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4.1.8 安装dashboard插件
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4.1.9 安装heapster插件
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4.1.10 安装EFK插件
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4.2 服务发现与负载均衡
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4.2.1 安装Traefik ingress
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4.2.2 分布式负载测试
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4.2.3 网络和集群性能测试
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4.2.4 边缘节点配置
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4.2.5 安装Nginx ingress
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4.3 运维管理
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4.3.1 服务滚动升级
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4.3.2 应用日志收集
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4.3.3 配置最佳实践
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4.3.4 集群及应用监控
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4.3.6 数据持久化问题
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4.3.7 管理容器的计算资源
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4.4 存储管理
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4.4.1 GlusterFS
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4.4.1.1 使用GlusterFS做持久化存储
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4.4.1.2 在OpenShift中使用GlusterFS做持久化存储
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4.4.2 CephFS
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4.4.2.1 使用Ceph做持久化存储
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4.5 集群与应用监控
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4.5.1 Heapster
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4.5.1.1 使用Heapster获取集群和对象的metric数据
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4.5.2 Prometheus
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4.5.2.1 使用Prometheus监控kubernetes集群
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4.6 服务编排管理
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4.6.1 使用Helm管理kubernetes应用
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4.6.2 构建私有Chart仓库
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4.7 持续集成与发布
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4.7.1 使用Jenkins进行持续集成与发布
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4.7.2 使用Drone进行持续集成与发布
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4.8 更新与升级
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4.8.1 手动升级kubernetes集群
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4.8.2 升级dashboard
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5. 领域应用
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5.1 微服务架构
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5.1.1 微服务中的服务发现
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5.2 Service Mesh 服务网格
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5.1.1 Istio
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5.1.1.1 安装并试用Istio service mesh
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5.1.1.2 配置请求的路由规则
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5.1.1.3 安装和拓展Istio service mesh
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5.1.1.4 集成虚拟机
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5.1.2 Linkerd
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5.1.2.1 Linkerd 使用指南
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5.2 大数据
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5.2.1 Spark standalone on Kubernetes
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< / li >
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< a href = "../usecases/running-spark-with-kubernetes-native-scheduler.html" >
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5.2.2 运行支持kubernetes原生调度的Spark程序
< / a >
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5.3 Serverless架构
< / a >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.6.5" data-path = "../usecases/edge-computing.html" >
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5.4 边缘计算
< / a >
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6. 开发指南
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6.1 开发环境搭建
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6.2 单元测试和集成测试
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6.3 client-go示例
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7.1 Docker最佳实践
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7.3 使用技巧
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7.4 kubernetes中的应用故障排查
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7.5 Kubernetes相关资讯和情报链接
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< a href = ".." > 2.2.17 Label< / a >
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< div class = "search-noresults" >
< section class = "normal markdown-section" >
< h1 id = "label" > Label< / h1 >
< p > Label是 附 着 到 object上 （ 例 如 Pod） 的 键 值 对 。 可 以 在 创 建 object的 时 候 指 定 ， 也 可 以 在 object创 建 后 随 时 指 定 。 Labels的 值 对 系 统 本 身 并 没 有 什 么 含 义 ， 只 是 对 用 户 才 有 意 义 。 < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-json" > < span class = "hljs-string" > " labels" < / span > : {
< span class = "hljs-string" > " key1" < / span > : < span class = "hljs-string" > " value1" < / span > ,
< span class = "hljs-string" > " key2" < / span > : < span class = "hljs-string" > " value2" < / span >
}
< / code > < / pre >
< p > Kubernetes最 终 将 对 labels最 终 索 引 和 反 向 索 引 用 来 优 化 查 询 和 watch， 在 UI和 命 令 行 中 会 对 它 们 排 序 。 不 要 在 label中 使 用 大 型 、 非 标 识 的 结 构 化 数 据 ， 记 录 这 样 的 数 据 应 该 用 annotation。 < / p >
< h2 id = "动机" > 动 机 < / h2 >
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< p > Label能 够 将 组 织 架 构 映 射 到 系 统 架 构 上 （ 就 像 是 康 威 定 律 ） ， 这 样 能 够 更 便 于 微 服 务 的 管 理 ， 你 可 以 给 object打 上 如 下 类 型 的 label： < / p >
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< ul >
< li > < code > " release" : " stable" < / code > , < code > " release" : " canary" < / code > < / li >
< li > < code > " environment" : " dev" < / code > , < code > " environment" : " qa" < / code > , < code > " environment" : " production" < / code > < / li >
< li > < code > " tier" : " frontend" < / code > , < code > " tier" : " backend" < / code > , < code > " tier" : " cache" < / code > < / li >
< li > < code > " partition" : " customerA" < / code > , < code > " partition" : " customerB" < / code > < / li >
< li > < code > " track" : " daily" < / code > , < code > " track" : " weekly" < / code > < / li >
< li > < code > " team" : " teamA" < / code > ,< code > " team:" : " teamB" < / code > < / li >
< / ul >
< h2 id = "语法和字符集" > 语 法 和 字 符 集 < / h2 >
< p > Label key的 组 成 ： < / p >
< ul >
< li > 不 得 超 过 63个 字 符 < / li >
< li > 可 以 使 用 前 缀 ， 使 用 /分 隔 ， 前 缀 必 须 是 DNS子 域 ， 不 得 超 过 253个 字 符 ， 系 统 中 的 自 动 化 组 件 创 建 的 label必 须 指 定 前 缀 ， < code > kubernetes.io/< / code > 由 kubernetes保 留 < / li >
< li > 起 始 必 须 是 字 母 （ 大 小 写 都 可 以 ） 或 数 字 ， 中 间 可 以 有 连 字 符 、 下 划 线 和 点 < / li >
< / ul >
< p > Label value的 组 成 ： < / p >
< ul >
< li > 不 得 超 过 63个 字 符 < / li >
< li > 起 始 必 须 是 字 母 （ 大 小 写 都 可 以 ） 或 数 字 ， 中 间 可 以 有 连 字 符 、 下 划 线 和 点 < / li >
< / ul >
< h2 id = "label-selector" > Label selector< / h2 >
< p > Label不 是 唯 一 的 ， 很 多 object可 能 有 相 同 的 label。 < / p >
< p > 通 过 label selector， 客 户 端 ／ 用 户 可 以 指 定 一 个 object集 合 ， 通 过 label selector对 object的 集 合 进 行 操 作 。 < / p >
< p > Label selector有 两 种 类 型 ： < / p >
< ul >
< li > < em > equality-based< / em > ： 可 以 使 用 < code > =< / code > 、 < code > ==< / code > 、 < code > !=< / code > 操 作 符 ， 可 以 使 用 逗 号 分 隔 多 个 表 达 式 < / li >
< li > < em > set-based< / em > ： 可 以 使 用 < code > in< / code > 、 < code > notin< / code > 、 < code > !< / code > 操 作 符 ， 另 外 还 可 以 没 有 操 作 符 ， 直 接 写 出 某 个 label的 key， 表 示 过 滤 有 某 个 key的 object而 不 管 该 key的 value是 何 值 ， < code > !< / code > 表 示 没 有 该 label的 object< / li >
< / ul >
< h2 id = "示例" > 示 例 < / h2 >
< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > $ kubectl get pods < span class = "hljs-_" > -l< / span > environment=production,tier=frontend
$ kubectl get pods < span class = "hljs-_" > -l< / span > < span class = "hljs-string" > ' environment in (production),tier in (frontend)' < / span >
$ kubectl get pods < span class = "hljs-_" > -l< / span > < span class = "hljs-string" > ' environment in (production, qa)' < / span >
$ kubectl get pods < span class = "hljs-_" > -l< / span > < span class = "hljs-string" > ' environment,environment notin (frontend)' < / span >
< / code > < / pre >
< h2 id = "在api-object中设置label-selector" > 在 API object中 设 置 label selector< / h2 >
< p > 在 < code > service< / code > 、 < code > replicationcontroller< / code > 等 object中 有 对 pod的 label selector， 使 用 方 法 只 能 使 用 等 于 操 作 ， 例 如 ： < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-yaml" > < span class = "hljs-attr" > selector:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > component:< / span > redis
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 在 < code > Job< / code > 、 < code > Deployment< / code > 、 < code > ReplicaSet< / code > 和 < code > DaemonSet< / code > 这 些 object中 ， 支 持 < em > set-based< / em > 的 过 滤 ， 例 如 ： < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-Yaml" > < span class = "hljs-attr" > selector:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > matchLabels:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > component:< / span > redis
< span class = "hljs-attr" > matchExpressions:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-bullet" > -< / span > {key: tier, operator: In, values: [cache]}
< span class = "hljs-bullet" > -< / span > {key: environment, operator: NotIn, values: [dev]}
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 如 Service通 过 label selector将 同 一 类 型 的 pod作 为 一 个 服 务 expose出 来 。 < / p >
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< figure id = "fig1.3.2.17.1" > < img src = "../images/labels.png" alt = "label示意图" > < figcaption > 图 片 - label示 意 图 < / figcaption > < / figure >
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< p > 另 外 在 node affinity和 pod affinity中 的 label selector的 语 法 又 有 些 许 不 同 ， 示 例 如 下 ： < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-Yaml" > < span class = "hljs-attr" > affinity:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > nodeAffinity:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > nodeSelectorTerms:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > - matchExpressions:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > - key:< / span > kubernetes.io/e2e-az-name
< span class = "hljs-attr" > operator:< / span > In
< span class = "hljs-attr" > values:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-bullet" > -< / span > e2e-az1
< span class = "hljs-bullet" > -< / span > e2e-az2
< span class = "hljs-attr" > preferredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > - weight:< / span > < span class = "hljs-number" > 1< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > preference:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > matchExpressions:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > - key:< / span > another-node-label-key
< span class = "hljs-attr" > operator:< / span > In
< span class = "hljs-attr" > values:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-bullet" > -< / span > another-node-label-value
< / code > < / pre >
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< p > 详 见 < a href = "https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes.github.io/tree/master/docs/user-guide/node-selection" target = "_blank" > node selection< / a > 。 < / p >
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