kubernetes-handbook/concepts/secret.md

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# Secret
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Secret 解决了密码、token、密钥等敏感数据的配置问题而不需要把这些敏感数据暴露到镜像或者 Pod Spec 中。Secret 可以以 Volume 或者环境变量的方式使用。
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Secret 有三种类型:
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- **Service Account** :用来访问 Kubernetes API由 Kubernetes 自动创建,并且会自动挂载到 Pod 的 `/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount` 目录中;
- **Opaque** base64 编码格式的 Secret用来存储密码、密钥等
- **kubernetes.io/dockerconfigjson** :用来存储私有 docker registry 的认证信息。
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## Opaque Secret
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Opaque 类型的数据是一个 map 类型,要求 value 是 base64 编码格式:
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```sh
$ echo -n "admin" | base64
YWRtaW4=
$ echo -n "1f2d1e2e67df" | base64
MWYyZDFlMmU2N2Rm
```
secrets.yml
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```yaml
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apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
name: mysecret
type: Opaque
data:
password: MWYyZDFlMmU2N2Rm
username: YWRtaW4=
```
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接着,就可以创建 secret 了:`kubectl create -f secrets.yml`。
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创建好 secret 之后,有两种方式来使用它:
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- 以 Volume 方式
- 以环境变量方式
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### 将 Secret 挂载到 Volume 中
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```yaml
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apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
labels:
name: db
name: db
spec:
volumes:
- name: secrets
secret:
secretName: mysecret
containers:
- image: gcr.io/my_project_id/pg:v1
name: db
volumeMounts:
- name: secrets
mountPath: "/etc/secrets"
readOnly: true
ports:
- name: cp
containerPort: 5432
hostPort: 5432
```
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### 将 Secret 导出到环境变量中
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```yaml
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apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: wordpress-deployment
spec:
replicas: 2
strategy:
type: RollingUpdate
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: wordpress
visualize: "true"
spec:
containers:
- name: "wordpress"
image: "wordpress"
ports:
- containerPort: 80
env:
- name: WORDPRESS_DB_USER
valueFrom:
secretKeyRef:
name: mysecret
key: username
- name: WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD
valueFrom:
secretKeyRef:
name: mysecret
key: password
```
## kubernetes.io/dockerconfigjson
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可以直接用 `kubectl` 命令来创建用于 docker registry 认证的 secret
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```sh
$ kubectl create secret docker-registry myregistrykey --docker-server=DOCKER_REGISTRY_SERVER --docker-username=DOCKER_USER --docker-password=DOCKER_PASSWORD --docker-email=DOCKER_EMAIL
secret "myregistrykey" created.
```
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也可以直接读取 `~/.docker/config.json` 的内容来创建:
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```sh
$ cat ~/.docker/config.json | base64
$ cat > myregistrykey.yaml <<EOF
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
name: myregistrykey
data:
.dockerconfigjson: UmVhbGx5IHJlYWxseSByZWVlZWVlZWVlZWFhYWFhYWFhYWFhYWFhYWFhYWFhYWFhYWFhYWxsbGxsbGxsbGxsbGxsbGxsbGxsbGxsbGxsbGxsbGx5eXl5eXl5eXl5eXl5eXl5eXl5eSBsbGxsbGxsbGxsbGxsbG9vb29vb29vb29vb29vb29vb29vb29vb29vb25ubm5ubm5ubm5ubm5ubm5ubm5ubm5ubmdnZ2dnZ2dnZ2dnZ2dnZ2dnZ2cgYXV0aCBrZXlzCg==
type: kubernetes.io/dockerconfigjson
EOF
$ kubectl create -f myregistrykey.yaml
```
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在创建 Pod 的时候,通过 `imagePullSecrets` 来引用刚创建的 `myregistrykey`:
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```yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
name: foo
spec:
containers:
- name: foo
image: janedoe/awesomeapp:v1
imagePullSecrets:
- name: myregistrykey
```
### Service Account
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Service Account 用来访问 Kubernetes API由 Kubernetes 自动创建,并且会自动挂载到 Pod 的 `/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount` 目录中。
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```sh
$ kubectl run nginx --image nginx
deployment "nginx" created
$ kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
nginx-3137573019-md1u2 1/1 Running 0 13s
$ kubectl exec nginx-3137573019-md1u2 ls /run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount
ca.crt
namespace
token
```