2017-11-09 16:48:38 +08:00
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序言
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1. Kubernetes与云原生应用概览
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2. 概念原理
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2.1 设计理念
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2.2 Objects
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2.2.1 Pod
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2.2.1.1 Pod解析
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2.2.1.2 Init容器
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2.2.1.3 Pod安全策略
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2.2.1.4 Pod的生命周期
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2.2.2 Node
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2.2.3 Namespace
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2.2.4 Service
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2.2.5 Volume和Persistent Volume
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2.2.6 Deployment
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2.2.7 Secret
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2.2.8 StatefulSet
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2.2.9 DaemonSet
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2.2.10 ServiceAccount
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2.2.11 ReplicationController和ReplicaSet
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2.2.12 Job
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2.2.13 CronJob
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2.2.14 Ingress
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2.2.15 ConfigMap
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2.2.15.1 ConfigMap的热更新
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2.2.16 Horizontal Pod Autoscaling
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2.2.17 Label
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2.2.18 垃圾收集
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2.2.19 NetworkPolicy
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2.2.20 Annotation
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3. 用户指南
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3.1 资源对象配置
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3.1.1 配置Pod的liveness和readiness探针
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3.1.2 配置Pod的Service Account
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3.1.3 Secret配置
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3.2.3 管理namespace中的资源配额
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3.2 命令使用
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3.2.1 docker用户过度到kubectl命令行指南
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3.2.2 kubectl命令概览
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3.2.3 kubectl命令技巧大全
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3.3 集群安全性管理
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3.3.1 管理集群中的TLS
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3.3.2 kubelet的认证授权
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3.3.3 TLS bootstrap
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3.3.4 创建用户认证授权的kubeconfig文件
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3.3.5 RBAC——基于角色的访问控制
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3.3.6 IP伪装代理
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3.4 访问 Kubernetes 集群
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3.4.1 访问集群
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3.4.2 使用 kubeconfig 文件配置跨集群认证
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3.4.3 通过端口转发访问集群中的应用程序
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3.4.4 使用 service 访问群集中的应用程序
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3.5 在kubernetes中开发部署应用
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3.5.1 适用于kubernetes的应用开发部署流程
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3.5.2 迁移传统应用到kubernetes中——以Hadoop YARN为例
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3.5.3 使用StatefulSet部署用状态应用
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4. 最佳实践
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4.1 在CentOS上部署kubernetes1.6集群
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4.1.1 创建TLS证书和秘钥
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4.1.2 创建kubeconfig文件
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4.1.3 创建高可用etcd集群
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4.1.4 安装kubectl命令行工具
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4.1.5 部署master节点
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4.1.6 部署node节点
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4.1.7 安装kubedns插件
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4.1.8 安装dashboard插件
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4.1.9 安装heapster插件
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4.1.10 安装EFK插件
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4.2 服务发现与负载均衡
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4.2.1 安装Traefik ingress
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4.2.2 分布式负载测试
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4.2.3 网络和集群性能测试
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4.2.4 边缘节点配置
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4.2.5 安装Nginx ingress
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4.3 运维管理
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4.3.1 服务滚动升级
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4.3.2 应用日志收集
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4.3.3 配置最佳实践
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4.3.4 集群及应用监控
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4.3.6 数据持久化问题
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4.3.7 管理容器的计算资源
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4.4 存储管理
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4.4.1 GlusterFS
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4.4.1.1 使用GlusterFS做持久化存储
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4.4.1.2 在OpenShift中使用GlusterFS做持久化存储
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4.4.2.1 使用Ceph做持久化存储
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4.5.1.1 使用Heapster获取集群和对象的metric数据
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4.5.2 Prometheus
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4.5.2.1 使用Prometheus监控kubernetes集群
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4.6.2 构建私有Chart仓库
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5.1.1 微服务中的服务发现
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5.1.1.2 配置请求的路由规则
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5.1.1.3 安装和拓展Istio service mesh
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5.1.1.4 集成虚拟机
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5.1.2 Linkerd
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5.1.2.1 Linkerd 使用指南
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5.2.1 Spark standalone on Kubernetes
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5.2.2 运行支持kubernetes原生调度的Spark程序
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6.3 client-go示例
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6.4 社区贡献
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6.5 Minikube
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7. 附录
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7.1 Docker最佳实践
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7.2 问题记录
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7.3 使用技巧
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7.4 kubernetes中的应用故障排查
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7.5 Kubernetes相关资讯和情报链接
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< a href = ".." > 2.2.20 Annotation< / a >
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< h1 id = "annotation" > Annotation< / h1 >
< p > Annotation， 顾 名 思 义 ， 就 是 注 解 。 Annotation可 以 将 Kubernetes资 源 对 象 关 联 到 任 意 的 非 标 识 性 元 数 据 。 使 用 客 户 端 （ 如 工 具 和 库 ） 可 以 检 索 到 这 些 元 数 据 。 < / p >
< h2 id = "关联元数据到对象" > 关 联 元 数 据 到 对 象 < / h2 >
< p > Label和 Annotation都 可 以 将 元 数 据 关 联 到 Kubernetes资 源 对 象 。 Label主 要 用 于 选 择 对 象 ， 可 以 挑 选 出 满 足 特 定 条 件 的 对 象 。 相 比 之 下 ， annotation 不 能 用 于 标 识 及 选 择 对 象 。 annotation中 的 元 数 据 可 多 可 少 ， 可 以 是 结 构 化 的 或 非 结 构 化 的 ， 也 可 以 包 含 label中 不 允 许 出 现 的 字 符 。 < / p >
< p > annotation和 label一 样 都 是 key/value键 值 对 映 射 结 构 ： < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-json" > < span class = "hljs-string" > " annotations" < / span > : {
< span class = "hljs-string" > " key1" < / span > : < span class = "hljs-string" > " value1" < / span > ,
< span class = "hljs-string" > " key2" < / span > : < span class = "hljs-string" > " value2" < / span >
}
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 以 下 列 出 了 一 些 可 以 记 录 在 annotation 中 的 对 象 信 息 ： < / p >
< ul >
< li > 声 明 配 置 层 管 理 的 字 段 。 使 用 annotation关 联 这 类 字 段 可 以 用 于 区 分 以 下 几 种 配 置 来 源 ： 客 户 端 或 服 务 器 设 置 的 默 认 值 ， 自 动 生 成 的 字 段 或 自 动 生 成 的 auto-scaling 和 auto-sizing 系 统 配 置 的 字 段 。 < / li >
< li > 创 建 信 息 、 版 本 信 息 或 镜 像 信 息 。 例 如 时 间 戳 、 版 本 号 、 git分 支 、 PR序 号 、 镜 像 哈 希 值 以 及 仓 库 地 址 。 < / li >
< li > 记 录 日 志 、 监 控 、 分 析 或 审 计 存 储 仓 库 的 指 针 < / li >
< / ul >
< ul >
< li > 可 以 用 于 debug的 客 户 端 （ 库 或 工 具 ） 信 息 ， 例 如 名 称 、 版 本 和 创 建 信 息 。 < / li >
< li > 用 户 信 息 ， 以 及 工 具 或 系 统 来 源 信 息 、 例 如 来 自 非 Kubernetes生 态 的 相 关 对 象 的 URL信 息 。 < / li >
< li > 轻 量 级 部 署 工 具 元 数 据 ， 例 如 配 置 或 检 查 点 。 < / li >
< li > 负 责 人 的 电 话 或 联 系 方 式 ， 或 能 找 到 相 关 信 息 的 目 录 条 目 信 息 ， 例 如 团 队 网 站 。 < / li >
< / ul >
< p > 如 果 不 使 用 annotation， 您 也 可 以 将 以 上 类 型 的 信 息 存 放 在 外 部 数 据 库 或 目 录 中 ， 但 这 样 做 不 利 于 创 建 用 于 部 署 、 管 理 、 内 部 检 查 的 共 享 工 具 和 客 户 端 库 。 < / p >
< h2 id = "示例" > 示 例 < / h2 >
< p > 如 Istio 的 Deployment 配 置 中 就 使 用 到 了 annotation： < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-yaml" > < span class = "hljs-attr" > apiVersion:< / span > extensions/v1beta1
< span class = "hljs-attr" > kind:< / span > Deployment
< span class = "hljs-attr" > metadata:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > name:< / span > istio-manager
< span class = "hljs-attr" > spec:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > replicas:< / span > < span class = "hljs-number" > 1< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > template:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > metadata:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > annotations:< / span >
alpha.istio.io/sidecar: ignore
< span class = "hljs-attr" > labels:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > istio:< / span > manager
< span class = "hljs-attr" > spec:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > serviceAccountName:< / span > istio-manager-service-account
< span class = "hljs-attr" > containers:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > - name:< / span > discovery
< span class = "hljs-attr" > image:< / span > sz-pg-oam-docker-hub< span class = "hljs-bullet" > -001.< / span > tendcloud.com/library/manager:< span class = "hljs-number" > 0.1< / span > < span class = "hljs-number" > .5< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > imagePullPolicy:< / span > Always
< span class = "hljs-attr" > args:< / span > [< span class = "hljs-string" > " discovery" < / span > , < span class = "hljs-string" > " -v" < / span > , < span class = "hljs-string" > " 2" < / span > ]
< span class = "hljs-attr" > ports:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > - containerPort:< / span > < span class = "hljs-number" > 8080< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > env:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > - name:< / span > POD_NAMESPACE
< span class = "hljs-attr" > valueFrom:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > fieldRef:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > apiVersion:< / span > v1
< span class = "hljs-attr" > fieldPath:< / span > metadata.namespace
< span class = "hljs-attr" > - name:< / span > apiserver
< span class = "hljs-attr" > image:< / span > sz-pg-oam-docker-hub< span class = "hljs-bullet" > -001.< / span > tendcloud.com/library/manager:< span class = "hljs-number" > 0.1< / span > < span class = "hljs-number" > .5< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > imagePullPolicy:< / span > Always
< span class = "hljs-attr" > args:< / span > [< span class = "hljs-string" > " apiserver" < / span > , < span class = "hljs-string" > " -v" < / span > , < span class = "hljs-string" > " 2" < / span > ]
< span class = "hljs-attr" > ports:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > - containerPort:< / span > < span class = "hljs-number" > 8081< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > env:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > - name:< / span > POD_NAMESPACE
< span class = "hljs-attr" > valueFrom:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > fieldRef:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > apiVersion:< / span > v1
< span class = "hljs-attr" > fieldPath:< / span > metadata.namespace
< / code > < / pre >
< p > < code > alpha.istio.io/sidecar< / code > 注 解 就 是 用 来 控 制 是 否 自 动 向 pod 中 注 入 sidecar 的 。 参 考 ： < a href = "http://istio.doczh.cn/docs/setup/kubernetes/sidecar-injection.html" target = "_blank" > 安 装 Istio sidecar - istio.doczh.cn< / a > 。 < / p >
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