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< title > OAM · Kubernetes Handbook - Kubernetes中文指南/云原生应用架构实践手册 by Jimmy Song(宋净超)< / title >
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< a href = "https://jimmysong.io" target = "_blank" class = "custom-link" > 回到主页< / a >
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< a href = "https://jimmysong.io/awesome-cloud-native" target = "_blank" class = "custom-link" > 云原生开源项目大全< / a >
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< / li >
< li >
< a href = "https://cloudnative.to" target = "_blank" class = "custom-link" > 云原生社区< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "divider" > < / li >
< li class = "header" > 前言< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.1" data-path = "../" >
< a href = "../" >
< b > 1.1.< / b >
序言
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< / li >
< li class = "header" > 云原生< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "2.1" data-path = "cloud-native-definition.html" >
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< a href = "cloud-native-definition.html" >
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< b > 2.1.< / b >
云原生（ ）
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "2.2" data-path = "cloud-native-philosophy.html" >
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< a href = "cloud-native-philosophy.html" >
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< b > 2.2.< / b >
云原生的设计哲学
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "2.3" data-path = "quick-start.html" >
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< a href = "quick-start.html" >
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< b > 2.3.< / b >
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云原生新手入门指南
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "2.4" data-path = "play-with-kubernetes.html" >
< a href = "play-with-kubernetes.html" >
< b > 2.4.< / b >
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Play with Kubernetes
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< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "2.5" data-path = "cloud-native-local-quick-start.html" >
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< a href = "cloud-native-local-quick-start.html" >
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< b > 2.5.< / b >
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快速部署一个云原生本地实验环境
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< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "2.6" data-path = "setup-kubernetes-with-rancher-and-aliyun.html" >
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< a href = "setup-kubernetes-with-rancher-and-aliyun.html" >
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< b > 2.6.< / b >
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使用 Rancher 在阿里云上部署 Kubenretes 集群
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< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "2.7" data-path = "kubernetes-and-cloud-native-app-overview.html" >
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< a href = "kubernetes-and-cloud-native-app-overview.html" >
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< b > 2.7.< / b >
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Kubernetes 与云原生应用概览
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< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "2.8" data-path = "from-kubernetes-to-cloud-native.html" >
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< a href = "from-kubernetes-to-cloud-native.html" >
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< b > 2.8.< / b >
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云原生应用之路 —— 从 Kubernetes 到 Cloud Native
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "2.9" data-path = "define-cloud-native-app.html" >
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< a href = "define-cloud-native-app.html" >
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< b > 2.9.< / b >
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定义云原生应用
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< / a >
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< a href = "oam.html" >
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< b > 2.9.1.< / b >
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OAM
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< / a >
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< ul class = "articles" >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "2.9.1.1" data-path = "workload.html" >
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< a href = "workload.html" >
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< b > 2.9.1.1.< / b >
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Workload
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< b > 2.9.1.2.< / b >
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Component
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< a href = "trait.html" >
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< b > 2.9.1.3.< / b >
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Trait
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< / li >
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< a href = "application-scope.html" >
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< b > 2.9.1.4.< / b >
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Application Scope
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "2.9.1.5" data-path = "application-configuration.html" >
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< a href = "application-configuration.html" >
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< b > 2.9.1.5.< / b >
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Application Configuration
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "2.9.2" data-path = "crossplane.html" >
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< a href = "crossplane.html" >
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< b > 2.9.2.< / b >
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Crossplane
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< / ul >
< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "2.10" data-path = "cloud-native-programming-languages.html" >
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< a href = "cloud-native-programming-languages.html" >
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< b > 2.10.< / b >
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云原生编程语言
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< / a >
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< ul class = "articles" >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "2.10.1" data-path = "cloud-native-programming-language-ballerina.html" >
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< a href = "cloud-native-programming-language-ballerina.html" >
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< b > 2.10.1.< / b >
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云原生编程语言 Ballerina
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< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "2.10.2" data-path = "cloud-native-programming-language-pulumi.html" >
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< a href = "cloud-native-programming-language-pulumi.html" >
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< b > 2.10.2.< / b >
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云原生编程语言 Pulumi
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "2.11" data-path = "the-future-of-cloud-native.html" >
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< a href = "the-future-of-cloud-native.html" >
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< b > 2.11.< / b >
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云原生的未来
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "header" > 概念与原理< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.1" data-path = "../concepts/" >
< a href = "../concepts/" >
< b > 3.1.< / b >
Kubernetes 架构
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.1.1" data-path = "../concepts/concepts.html" >
< a href = "../concepts/concepts.html" >
< b > 3.1.1.< / b >
设计理念
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.1.2" data-path = "../concepts/etcd.html" >
< a href = "../concepts/etcd.html" >
< b > 3.1.2.< / b >
Etcd 解析
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< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.1.3" data-path = "../concepts/open-interfaces.html" >
< a href = "../concepts/open-interfaces.html" >
< b > 3.1.3.< / b >
开放接口
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.1.3.1" data-path = "../concepts/cri.html" >
< a href = "../concepts/cri.html" >
< b > 3.1.3.1.< / b >
CRI - Container Runtime Interface（ ）
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< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.1.3.2" data-path = "../concepts/cni.html" >
< a href = "../concepts/cni.html" >
< b > 3.1.3.2.< / b >
CNI - Container Network Interface（ ）
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.1.3.3" data-path = "../concepts/csi.html" >
< a href = "../concepts/csi.html" >
< b > 3.1.3.3.< / b >
CSI - Container Storage Interface（ ）
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.2" data-path = "../concepts/networking.html" >
< a href = "../concepts/networking.html" >
< b > 3.2.< / b >
Kubernetes 中的网络
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.2.1" data-path = "../concepts/flannel.html" >
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< b > 3.2.1.< / b >
Kubernetes 中的网络解析 —— 以 flannel 为例
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< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.2.2" data-path = "../concepts/calico.html" >
< a href = "../concepts/calico.html" >
< b > 3.2.2.< / b >
Kubernetes 中的网络解析 —— 以 calico 为例
< / a >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.2.3" data-path = "../concepts/cilium.html" >
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< b > 3.2.3.< / b >
具备 API 感知的网络和安全性管理开源软件 Cilium
< / a >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.2.3.1" data-path = "../concepts/cilium-concepts.html" >
< a href = "../concepts/cilium-concepts.html" >
< b > 3.2.3.1.< / b >
Cilium 架构设计与概念解析
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.3" data-path = "../concepts/objects.html" >
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< b > 3.3.< / b >
资源对象与基本概念解析
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.4" data-path = "../concepts/pod-state-and-lifecycle.html" >
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< b > 3.4.< / b >
Pod 状态与生命周期管理
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.4.1" data-path = "../concepts/pod-overview.html" >
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< b > 3.4.1.< / b >
Pod 概览
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.4.2" data-path = "../concepts/pod.html" >
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< b > 3.4.2.< / b >
Pod 解析
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.4.3" data-path = "../concepts/init-containers.html" >
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< b > 3.4.3.< / b >
Init 容器
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< b > 3.4.4.< / b >
Pause 容器
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.4.5" data-path = "../concepts/pod-security-policy.html" >
< a href = "../concepts/pod-security-policy.html" >
< b > 3.4.5.< / b >
Pod 安全策略
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.4.6" data-path = "../concepts/pod-lifecycle.html" >
< a href = "../concepts/pod-lifecycle.html" >
< b > 3.4.6.< / b >
Pod 的生命周期
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.4.7" data-path = "../concepts/pod-hook.html" >
< a href = "../concepts/pod-hook.html" >
< b > 3.4.7.< / b >
Pod Hook
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.4.8" data-path = "../concepts/pod-preset.html" >
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< b > 3.4.8.< / b >
Pod Preset
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.4.9" data-path = "../concepts/pod-disruption-budget.html" >
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< b > 3.4.9.< / b >
Pod 中断与 PDB（
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< b > 3.5.< / b >
集群资源管理
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< b > 3.5.1.< / b >
Node
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< b > 3.5.2.< / b >
Namespace
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< b > 3.5.3.< / b >
Label
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< b > 3.5.4.< / b >
Annotation
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< b > 3.5.5.< / b >
Taint 和 Toleration（ ）
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< b > 3.5.6.< / b >
垃圾收集
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< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.6" data-path = "../concepts/controllers.html" >
< a href = "../concepts/controllers.html" >
< b > 3.6.< / b >
控制器
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.6.1" data-path = "../concepts/deployment.html" >
< a href = "../concepts/deployment.html" >
< b > 3.6.1.< / b >
Deployment
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.6.2" data-path = "../concepts/statefulset.html" >
< a href = "../concepts/statefulset.html" >
< b > 3.6.2.< / b >
StatefulSet
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.6.3" data-path = "../concepts/daemonset.html" >
< a href = "../concepts/daemonset.html" >
< b > 3.6.3.< / b >
DaemonSet
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.6.4" data-path = "../concepts/replicaset.html" >
< a href = "../concepts/replicaset.html" >
< b > 3.6.4.< / b >
ReplicationController 和 ReplicaSet
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.6.5" data-path = "../concepts/job.html" >
< a href = "../concepts/job.html" >
< b > 3.6.5.< / b >
Job
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.6.6" data-path = "../concepts/cronjob.html" >
< a href = "../concepts/cronjob.html" >
< b > 3.6.6.< / b >
CronJob
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.6.7" data-path = "../concepts/horizontal-pod-autoscaling.html" >
< a href = "../concepts/horizontal-pod-autoscaling.html" >
< b > 3.6.7.< / b >
Horizontal Pod Autoscaling
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.6.7.1" data-path = "../concepts/custom-metrics-hpa.html" >
< a href = "../concepts/custom-metrics-hpa.html" >
< b > 3.6.7.1.< / b >
自定义指标 HPA
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.6.8" data-path = "../concepts/admission-controller.html" >
< a href = "../concepts/admission-controller.html" >
< b > 3.6.8.< / b >
准入控制器（ ）
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.7" data-path = "../concepts/service-discovery.html" >
< a href = "../concepts/service-discovery.html" >
< b > 3.7.< / b >
服务发现
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.7.1" data-path = "../concepts/service.html" >
< a href = "../concepts/service.html" >
< b > 3.7.1.< / b >
Service
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.7.2" data-path = "../concepts/ingress.html" >
< a href = "../concepts/ingress.html" >
< b > 3.7.2.< / b >
Ingress
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.7.2.1" data-path = "../concepts/traefik-ingress-controller.html" >
< a href = "../concepts/traefik-ingress-controller.html" >
< b > 3.7.2.1.< / b >
Traefik Ingress Controller
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
2021-02-09 20:56:37 +08:00
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.7.3" data-path = "../concepts/kubernetes-service-api.html" >
< a href = "../concepts/kubernetes-service-api.html" >
< b > 3.7.3.< / b >
Kubernetes Service API
< / a >
2021-02-10 18:38:59 +08:00
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.7.3.1" data-path = "../concepts/service-api-overview.html" >
< a href = "../concepts/service-api-overview.html" >
< b > 3.7.3.1.< / b >
Service API 简介
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
2020-06-19 14:52:56 +08:00
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.8" data-path = "../concepts/authentication-and-permission.html" >
< a href = "../concepts/authentication-and-permission.html" >
< b > 3.8.< / b >
身份与权限控制
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.8.1" data-path = "../concepts/serviceaccount.html" >
< a href = "../concepts/serviceaccount.html" >
< b > 3.8.1.< / b >
ServiceAccount
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.8.2" data-path = "../concepts/rbac.html" >
< a href = "../concepts/rbac.html" >
< b > 3.8.2.< / b >
RBAC—— 基于角色的访问控制
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.8.3" data-path = "../concepts/network-policy.html" >
< a href = "../concepts/network-policy.html" >
< b > 3.8.3.< / b >
NetworkPolicy
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.9" data-path = "../concepts/storage.html" >
< a href = "../concepts/storage.html" >
< b > 3.9.< / b >
存储
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.9.1" data-path = "../concepts/secret.html" >
< a href = "../concepts/secret.html" >
< b > 3.9.1.< / b >
Secret
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.9.2" data-path = "../concepts/configmap.html" >
< a href = "../concepts/configmap.html" >
< b > 3.9.2.< / b >
ConfigMap
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.9.2.1" data-path = "../concepts/configmap-hot-update.html" >
< a href = "../concepts/configmap-hot-update.html" >
< b > 3.9.2.1.< / b >
ConfigMap 的热更新
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.9.3" data-path = "../concepts/volume.html" >
< a href = "../concepts/volume.html" >
< b > 3.9.3.< / b >
Volume
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.9.4" data-path = "../concepts/persistent-volume.html" >
< a href = "../concepts/persistent-volume.html" >
< b > 3.9.4.< / b >
Persistent Volume（ ）
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.9.5" data-path = "../concepts/storageclass.html" >
< a href = "../concepts/storageclass.html" >
< b > 3.9.5.< / b >
Storage Class
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.9.6" data-path = "../concepts/local-persistent-storage.html" >
< a href = "../concepts/local-persistent-storage.html" >
< b > 3.9.6.< / b >
本地持久化存储
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.10" data-path = "../concepts/extension.html" >
< a href = "../concepts/extension.html" >
< b > 3.10.< / b >
集群扩展
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.10.1" data-path = "../concepts/custom-resource.html" >
< a href = "../concepts/custom-resource.html" >
< b > 3.10.1.< / b >
使用自定义资源扩展 API
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.10.2" data-path = "../concepts/crd.html" >
< a href = "../concepts/crd.html" >
< b > 3.10.2.< / b >
使用 CRD 扩展 Kubernetes API
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.10.3" data-path = "../concepts/aggregated-api-server.html" >
< a href = "../concepts/aggregated-api-server.html" >
< b > 3.10.3.< / b >
Aggregated API Server
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.10.4" data-path = "../concepts/apiservice.html" >
< a href = "../concepts/apiservice.html" >
< b > 3.10.4.< / b >
APIService
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.10.5" data-path = "../concepts/service-catalog.html" >
< a href = "../concepts/service-catalog.html" >
< b > 3.10.5.< / b >
Service Catalog
< / a >
2021-02-09 20:56:37 +08:00
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.10.6" data-path = "../concepts/multicluster.html" >
< a href = "../concepts/multicluster.html" >
< b > 3.10.6.< / b >
多集群管理
< / a >
2020-06-19 14:52:56 +08:00
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.11" data-path = "../concepts/scheduling.html" >
< a href = "../concepts/scheduling.html" >
< b > 3.11.< / b >
资源调度
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.11.1" data-path = "../concepts/qos.html" >
< a href = "../concepts/qos.html" >
< b > 3.11.1.< / b >
QoS（ ）
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "header" > 用户指南< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.1" data-path = "../guide/" >
< a href = "../guide/" >
< b > 4.1.< / b >
用户指南
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.2" data-path = "../guide/resource-configuration.html" >
< a href = "../guide/resource-configuration.html" >
< b > 4.2.< / b >
资源对象配置
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.2.1" data-path = "../guide/configure-liveness-readiness-probes.html" >
< a href = "../guide/configure-liveness-readiness-probes.html" >
< b > 4.2.1.< / b >
配置 Pod 的 liveness 和 readiness 探针
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.2.2" data-path = "../guide/configure-pod-service-account.html" >
< a href = "../guide/configure-pod-service-account.html" >
< b > 4.2.2.< / b >
配置 Pod 的 Service Account
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.2.3" data-path = "../guide/secret-configuration.html" >
< a href = "../guide/secret-configuration.html" >
< b > 4.2.3.< / b >
Secret 配置
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.2.4" data-path = "../guide/resource-quota-management.html" >
< a href = "../guide/resource-quota-management.html" >
< b > 4.2.4.< / b >
管理 namespace 中的资源配额
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.3" data-path = "../guide/command-usage.html" >
< a href = "../guide/command-usage.html" >
< b > 4.3.< / b >
命令使用
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.3.1" data-path = "../guide/docker-cli-to-kubectl.html" >
< a href = "../guide/docker-cli-to-kubectl.html" >
< b > 4.3.1.< / b >
Docker 用户过渡到 kubectl 命令行指南
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.3.2" data-path = "../guide/using-kubectl.html" >
< a href = "../guide/using-kubectl.html" >
< b > 4.3.2.< / b >
kubectl 命令概览
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.3.3" data-path = "../guide/kubectl-cheatsheet.html" >
< a href = "../guide/kubectl-cheatsheet.html" >
< b > 4.3.3.< / b >
kubectl 命令技巧大全
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.3.4" data-path = "../guide/using-etcdctl-to-access-kubernetes-data.html" >
< a href = "../guide/using-etcdctl-to-access-kubernetes-data.html" >
< b > 4.3.4.< / b >
使用 etcdctl 访问 kubernetes 数据
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.4" data-path = "../guide/cluster-security-management.html" >
< a href = "../guide/cluster-security-management.html" >
< b > 4.4.< / b >
集群安全性管理
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.4.1" data-path = "../guide/managing-tls-in-a-cluster.html" >
< a href = "../guide/managing-tls-in-a-cluster.html" >
< b > 4.4.1.< / b >
管理集群中的 TLS
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.4.2" data-path = "../guide/kubelet-authentication-authorization.html" >
< a href = "../guide/kubelet-authentication-authorization.html" >
< b > 4.4.2.< / b >
kubelet 的认证授权
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.4.3" data-path = "../guide/tls-bootstrapping.html" >
< a href = "../guide/tls-bootstrapping.html" >
< b > 4.4.3.< / b >
2020-07-17 11:08:23 +08:00
TLS Bootstrap
2020-06-19 14:52:56 +08:00
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.4.4" data-path = "../guide/kubectl-user-authentication-authorization.html" >
< a href = "../guide/kubectl-user-authentication-authorization.html" >
< b > 4.4.4.< / b >
创建用户认证授权的 kubeconfig 文件
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.4.5" data-path = "../guide/ip-masq-agent.html" >
< a href = "../guide/ip-masq-agent.html" >
< b > 4.4.5.< / b >
IP 伪装代理
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.4.6" data-path = "../guide/auth-with-kubeconfig-or-token.html" >
< a href = "../guide/auth-with-kubeconfig-or-token.html" >
< b > 4.4.6.< / b >
使用 kubeconfig 或 token 进行用户身份认证
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.4.7" data-path = "../guide/authentication.html" >
< a href = "../guide/authentication.html" >
< b > 4.4.7.< / b >
Kubernetes 中的用户与身份认证授权
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.4.8" data-path = "../guide/kubernetes-security-best-practice.html" >
< a href = "../guide/kubernetes-security-best-practice.html" >
< b > 4.4.8.< / b >
Kubernetes 集群安全性配置最佳实践
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.5" data-path = "../guide/access-kubernetes-cluster.html" >
< a href = "../guide/access-kubernetes-cluster.html" >
< b > 4.5.< / b >
访问 Kubernetes 集群
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.5.1" data-path = "../guide/access-cluster.html" >
< a href = "../guide/access-cluster.html" >
< b > 4.5.1.< / b >
访问集群
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.5.2" data-path = "../guide/authenticate-across-clusters-kubeconfig.html" >
< a href = "../guide/authenticate-across-clusters-kubeconfig.html" >
< b > 4.5.2.< / b >
使用 kubeconfig 文件配置跨集群认证
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.5.3" data-path = "../guide/connecting-to-applications-port-forward.html" >
< a href = "../guide/connecting-to-applications-port-forward.html" >
< b > 4.5.3.< / b >
通过端口转发访问集群中的应用程序
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.5.4" data-path = "../guide/service-access-application-cluster.html" >
< a href = "../guide/service-access-application-cluster.html" >
< b > 4.5.4.< / b >
使用 service 访问群集中的应用程序
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.5.5" data-path = "../guide/accessing-kubernetes-pods-from-outside-of-the-cluster.html" >
< a href = "../guide/accessing-kubernetes-pods-from-outside-of-the-cluster.html" >
< b > 4.5.5.< / b >
从外部访问 Kubernetes 中的 Pod
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.5.6" data-path = "../guide/cabin-mobile-dashboard-for-kubernetes.html" >
< a href = "../guide/cabin-mobile-dashboard-for-kubernetes.html" >
< b > 4.5.6.< / b >
Cabin - Kubernetes 手机客户端
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.5.7" data-path = "../guide/kubernetes-desktop-client.html" >
< a href = "../guide/kubernetes-desktop-client.html" >
< b > 4.5.7.< / b >
2020-06-29 12:32:43 +08:00
Lens - Kubernetes IDE/桌面客户端
2020-06-19 14:52:56 +08:00
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.5.8" data-path = "../guide/kubernator-kubernetes-ui.html" >
< a href = "../guide/kubernator-kubernetes-ui.html" >
< b > 4.5.8.< / b >
Kubernator - 更底层的 Kubernetes UI
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.6" data-path = "../guide/application-development-deployment-flow.html" >
< a href = "../guide/application-development-deployment-flow.html" >
< b > 4.6.< / b >
在 Kubernetes 中开发部署应用
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.6.1" data-path = "../guide/deploy-applications-in-kubernetes.html" >
< a href = "../guide/deploy-applications-in-kubernetes.html" >
< b > 4.6.1.< / b >
适用于 kubernetes 的应用开发部署流程
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.6.2" data-path = "../guide/migrating-hadoop-yarn-to-kubernetes.html" >
< a href = "../guide/migrating-hadoop-yarn-to-kubernetes.html" >
< b > 4.6.2.< / b >
迁移传统应用到 Kubernetes 中 —— 以 Hadoop YARN 为例
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.6.3" data-path = "../guide/using-statefulset.html" >
< a href = "../guide/using-statefulset.html" >
< b > 4.6.3.< / b >
使用 StatefulSet 部署用状态应用
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "header" > 最佳实践< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.1" data-path = "../practice/" >
< a href = "../practice/" >
< b > 5.1.< / b >
最佳实践概览
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.2" data-path = "../practice/install-kubernetes-on-centos.html" >
< a href = "../practice/install-kubernetes-on-centos.html" >
< b > 5.2.< / b >
在 CentOS 上部署 Kubernetes 集群
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.2.1" data-path = "../practice/create-tls-and-secret-key.html" >
< a href = "../practice/create-tls-and-secret-key.html" >
< b > 5.2.1.< / b >
创建 TLS 证书和秘钥
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.2.2" data-path = "../practice/create-kubeconfig.html" >
< a href = "../practice/create-kubeconfig.html" >
< b > 5.2.2.< / b >
创建 kubeconfig 文件
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.2.3" data-path = "../practice/etcd-cluster-installation.html" >
< a href = "../practice/etcd-cluster-installation.html" >
< b > 5.2.3.< / b >
创建高可用 etcd 集群
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.2.4" data-path = "../practice/kubectl-installation.html" >
< a href = "../practice/kubectl-installation.html" >
< b > 5.2.4.< / b >
安装 kubectl 命令行工具
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.2.5" data-path = "../practice/master-installation.html" >
< a href = "../practice/master-installation.html" >
< b > 5.2.5.< / b >
部署 master 节点
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.2.6" data-path = "../practice/flannel-installation.html" >
< a href = "../practice/flannel-installation.html" >
< b > 5.2.6.< / b >
安装 flannel 网络插件
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.2.7" data-path = "../practice/node-installation.html" >
< a href = "../practice/node-installation.html" >
< b > 5.2.7.< / b >
部署 node 节点
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.2.8" data-path = "../practice/kubedns-addon-installation.html" >
< a href = "../practice/kubedns-addon-installation.html" >
< b > 5.2.8.< / b >
安装 kubedns 插件
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.2.9" data-path = "../practice/dashboard-addon-installation.html" >
< a href = "../practice/dashboard-addon-installation.html" >
< b > 5.2.9.< / b >
安装 dashboard 插件
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.2.10" data-path = "../practice/heapster-addon-installation.html" >
< a href = "../practice/heapster-addon-installation.html" >
< b > 5.2.10.< / b >
安装 heapster 插件
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.2.11" data-path = "../practice/efk-addon-installation.html" >
< a href = "../practice/efk-addon-installation.html" >
< b > 5.2.11.< / b >
安装 EFK 插件
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.3" data-path = "../practice/install-kubernetes-with-kubeadm.html" >
< a href = "../practice/install-kubernetes-with-kubeadm.html" >
< b > 5.3.< / b >
生产级的 Kubernetes 简化管理工具 kubeadm
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.3.1" data-path = "../practice/install-kubernetes-on-ubuntu-server-16.04-with-kubeadm.html" >
< a href = "../practice/install-kubernetes-on-ubuntu-server-16.04-with-kubeadm.html" >
< b > 5.3.1.< / b >
使用 kubeadm 在 Ubuntu Server 16.04 上快速构建测试集群
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.4" data-path = "../practice/service-discovery-and-loadbalancing.html" >
< a href = "../practice/service-discovery-and-loadbalancing.html" >
< b > 5.4.< / b >
服务发现与负载均衡
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.4.1" data-path = "../practice/traefik-ingress-installation.html" >
< a href = "../practice/traefik-ingress-installation.html" >
< b > 5.4.1.< / b >
安装 Traefik ingress
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.4.2" data-path = "../practice/distributed-load-test.html" >
< a href = "../practice/distributed-load-test.html" >
< b > 5.4.2.< / b >
分布式负载测试
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.4.3" data-path = "../practice/network-and-cluster-perfermance-test.html" >
< a href = "../practice/network-and-cluster-perfermance-test.html" >
< b > 5.4.3.< / b >
网络和集群性能测试
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.4.4" data-path = "../practice/edge-node-configuration.html" >
< a href = "../practice/edge-node-configuration.html" >
< b > 5.4.4.< / b >
边缘节点配置
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.4.5" data-path = "../practice/nginx-ingress-installation.html" >
< a href = "../practice/nginx-ingress-installation.html" >
< b > 5.4.5.< / b >
安装 Nginx ingress
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.4.6" data-path = "../practice/dns-installation.html" >
< a href = "../practice/dns-installation.html" >
< b > 5.4.6.< / b >
安装配置 DNS
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.4.6.1" data-path = "../practice/configuring-dns.html" >
< a href = "../practice/configuring-dns.html" >
< b > 5.4.6.1.< / b >
安装配置 Kube-dns
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.4.6.2" data-path = "../practice/coredns.html" >
< a href = "../practice/coredns.html" >
< b > 5.4.6.2.< / b >
安装配置 CoreDNS
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< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.5" data-path = "../practice/operation.html" >
< a href = "../practice/operation.html" >
< b > 5.5.< / b >
运维管理
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.5.1" data-path = "../practice/master-ha.html" >
< a href = "../practice/master-ha.html" >
< b > 5.5.1.< / b >
Master 节点高可用
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.5.2" data-path = "../practice/service-rolling-update.html" >
< a href = "../practice/service-rolling-update.html" >
< b > 5.5.2.< / b >
服务滚动升级
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.5.3" data-path = "../practice/app-log-collection.html" >
< a href = "../practice/app-log-collection.html" >
< b > 5.5.3.< / b >
应用日志收集
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.5.4" data-path = "../practice/configuration-best-practice.html" >
< a href = "../practice/configuration-best-practice.html" >
< b > 5.5.4.< / b >
配置最佳实践
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.5.5" data-path = "../practice/monitor.html" >
< a href = "../practice/monitor.html" >
< b > 5.5.5.< / b >
集群及应用监控
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.5.6" data-path = "../practice/data-persistence-problem.html" >
< a href = "../practice/data-persistence-problem.html" >
< b > 5.5.6.< / b >
数据持久化问题
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.5.7" data-path = "../practice/manage-compute-resources-container.html" >
< a href = "../practice/manage-compute-resources-container.html" >
< b > 5.5.7.< / b >
管理容器的计算资源
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.5.8" data-path = "../practice/federation.html" >
< a href = "../practice/federation.html" >
< b > 5.5.8.< / b >
集群联邦
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.6" data-path = "../practice/storage.html" >
< a href = "../practice/storage.html" >
< b > 5.6.< / b >
存储管理
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.6.1" data-path = "../practice/glusterfs.html" >
< a href = "../practice/glusterfs.html" >
< b > 5.6.1.< / b >
GlusterFS
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.6.1.1" data-path = "../practice/using-glusterfs-for-persistent-storage.html" >
< a href = "../practice/using-glusterfs-for-persistent-storage.html" >
< b > 5.6.1.1.< / b >
使用 GlusterFS 做持久化存储
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.6.1.2" data-path = "../practice/using-heketi-gluster-for-persistent-storage.html" >
< a href = "../practice/using-heketi-gluster-for-persistent-storage.html" >
< b > 5.6.1.2.< / b >
使用 Heketi 作为 Kubernetes 的持久存储 GlusterFS 的 external provisioner
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.6.1.3" data-path = "../practice/storage-for-containers-using-glusterfs-with-openshift.html" >
< a href = "../practice/storage-for-containers-using-glusterfs-with-openshift.html" >
< b > 5.6.1.3.< / b >
在 OpenShift 中使用 GlusterFS 做持久化存储
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.6.2" data-path = "../practice/glusterd-2.0.html" >
< a href = "../practice/glusterd-2.0.html" >
< b > 5.6.2.< / b >
GlusterD-2.0
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.6.3" data-path = "../practice/ceph.html" >
< a href = "../practice/ceph.html" >
< b > 5.6.3.< / b >
Ceph
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.6.3.1" data-path = "../practice/ceph-helm-install-guide-zh.html" >
< a href = "../practice/ceph-helm-install-guide-zh.html" >
< b > 5.6.3.1.< / b >
用 Helm 托管安装 Ceph 集群并提供后端存储
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.6.3.2" data-path = "../practice/using-ceph-for-persistent-storage.html" >
< a href = "../practice/using-ceph-for-persistent-storage.html" >
< b > 5.6.3.2.< / b >
使用 Ceph 做持久化存储
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.6.3.3" data-path = "../practice/rbd-provisioner.html" >
< a href = "../practice/rbd-provisioner.html" >
< b > 5.6.3.3.< / b >
使用 rbd-provisioner 提供 rbd 持久化存储
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.6.4" data-path = "../practice/openebs.html" >
< a href = "../practice/openebs.html" >
< b > 5.6.4.< / b >
OpenEBS
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.6.4.1" data-path = "../practice/using-openebs-for-persistent-storage.html" >
< a href = "../practice/using-openebs-for-persistent-storage.html" >
< b > 5.6.4.1.< / b >
使用 OpenEBS 做持久化存储
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.6.5" data-path = "../practice/rook.html" >
< a href = "../practice/rook.html" >
< b > 5.6.5.< / b >
Rook
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.6.6" data-path = "../practice/nfs.html" >
< a href = "../practice/nfs.html" >
< b > 5.6.6.< / b >
NFS
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.6.6.1" data-path = "../practice/using-nfs-for-persistent-storage.html" >
< a href = "../practice/using-nfs-for-persistent-storage.html" >
< b > 5.6.6.1.< / b >
利用 NFS 动态提供 Kubernetes 后端存储卷
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.7" data-path = "../practice/monitoring.html" >
< a href = "../practice/monitoring.html" >
< b > 5.7.< / b >
集群与应用监控
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.7.1" data-path = "../practice/heapster.html" >
< a href = "../practice/heapster.html" >
< b > 5.7.1.< / b >
Heapster
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.7.1.1" data-path = "../practice/using-heapster-to-get-object-metrics.html" >
< a href = "../practice/using-heapster-to-get-object-metrics.html" >
< b > 5.7.1.1.< / b >
使用 Heapster 获取集群和对象的 metric 数据
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.7.2" data-path = "../practice/prometheus.html" >
< a href = "../practice/prometheus.html" >
< b > 5.7.2.< / b >
Prometheus
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.7.2.1" data-path = "../practice/using-prometheus-to-monitor-kuberentes-cluster.html" >
< a href = "../practice/using-prometheus-to-monitor-kuberentes-cluster.html" >
< b > 5.7.2.1.< / b >
使用 Prometheus 监控 kubernetes 集群
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.7.2.2" data-path = "../practice/promql.html" >
< a href = "../practice/promql.html" >
< b > 5.7.2.2.< / b >
Prometheus 查询语言 PromQL 使用说明
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.7.3" data-path = "../practice/vistio-visualize-your-istio-mesh.html" >
< a href = "../practice/vistio-visualize-your-istio-mesh.html" >
< b > 5.7.3.< / b >
使用 Vistio 监控 Istio 服务网格中的流量
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.8" data-path = "../practice/distributed-tracing.html" >
< a href = "../practice/distributed-tracing.html" >
< b > 5.8.< / b >
分布式跟踪
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.8.1" data-path = "../practice/opentracing.html" >
< a href = "../practice/opentracing.html" >
< b > 5.8.1.< / b >
OpenTracing
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.9" data-path = "../practice/services-management-tool.html" >
< a href = "../practice/services-management-tool.html" >
< b > 5.9.< / b >
服务编排管理
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.9.1" data-path = "../practice/helm.html" >
< a href = "../practice/helm.html" >
< b > 5.9.1.< / b >
使用 Helm 管理 Kubernetes 应用
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.9.2" data-path = "../practice/create-private-charts-repo.html" >
< a href = "../practice/create-private-charts-repo.html" >
< b > 5.9.2.< / b >
构建私有 Chart 仓库
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.10" data-path = "../practice/ci-cd.html" >
< a href = "../practice/ci-cd.html" >
< b > 5.10.< / b >
持续集成与发布
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.10.1" data-path = "../practice/jenkins-ci-cd.html" >
< a href = "../practice/jenkins-ci-cd.html" >
< b > 5.10.1.< / b >
使用 Jenkins 进行持续集成与发布
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.10.2" data-path = "../practice/drone-ci-cd.html" >
< a href = "../practice/drone-ci-cd.html" >
< b > 5.10.2.< / b >
使用 Drone 进行持续集成与发布
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.11" data-path = "../practice/update-and-upgrade.html" >
< a href = "../practice/update-and-upgrade.html" >
< b > 5.11.< / b >
更新与升级
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.11.1" data-path = "../practice/manually-upgrade.html" >
< a href = "../practice/manually-upgrade.html" >
< b > 5.11.1.< / b >
手动升级 Kubernetes 集群
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.11.2" data-path = "../practice/dashboard-upgrade.html" >
< a href = "../practice/dashboard-upgrade.html" >
< b > 5.11.2.< / b >
升级 dashboard
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.12" data-path = "../practice/controller-extended.html" >
< a href = "../practice/controller-extended.html" >
< b > 5.12.< / b >
扩展控制器
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.12.1" data-path = "../practice/openkruise.html" >
< a href = "../practice/openkruise.html" >
< b > 5.12.1.< / b >
OpenKruise
< / a >
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< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.12.1.1" data-path = "../practice/in-place-update.html" >
< a href = "../practice/in-place-update.html" >
< b > 5.12.1.1.< / b >
原地升级
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
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< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "header" > 领域应用< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.1" data-path = "../usecases/" >
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< a href = "../usecases/" >
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< b > 6.1.< / b >
领域应用概览
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.2" data-path = "../usecases/microservices.html" >
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< a href = "../usecases/microservices.html" >
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< b > 6.2.< / b >
微服务架构
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.2.1" data-path = "../usecases/service-discovery-in-microservices.html" >
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< a href = "../usecases/service-discovery-in-microservices.html" >
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< b > 6.2.1.< / b >
微服务中的服务发现
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.2.2" data-path = "../usecases/microservices-for-java-developers.html" >
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< a href = "../usecases/microservices-for-java-developers.html" >
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< b > 6.2.2.< / b >
使用 Java 构建微服务并发布到 Kubernetes 平台
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.2.2.1" data-path = "../usecases/spring-boot-quick-start-guide.html" >
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< a href = "../usecases/spring-boot-quick-start-guide.html" >
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< b > 6.2.2.1.< / b >
Spring Boot 快速开始指南
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.3" data-path = "../usecases/observability.html" >
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< a href = "../usecases/observability.html" >
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< b > 6.3.< / b >
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可观察性
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.4" data-path = "../usecases/service-mesh.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/service-mesh.html" >
< b > 6.4.< / b >
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Service Mesh 服务网格
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.4.1" data-path = "../usecases/the-enterprise-path-to-service-mesh-architectures.html" >
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< a href = "../usecases/the-enterprise-path-to-service-mesh-architectures.html" >
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< b > 6.4.1.< / b >
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企业级服务网格架构
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.4.1.1" data-path = "../usecases/service-mesh-fundamental.html" >
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< a href = "../usecases/service-mesh-fundamental.html" >
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< b > 6.4.1.1.< / b >
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Service Mesh 基础
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.4.1.2" data-path = "../usecases/comparing-service-mesh-technologies.html" >
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< a href = "../usecases/comparing-service-mesh-technologies.html" >
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< b > 6.4.1.2.< / b >
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Service Mesh 技术对比
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.4.1.3" data-path = "../usecases/service-mesh-adoption-and-evolution.html" >
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< a href = "../usecases/service-mesh-adoption-and-evolution.html" >
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< b > 6.4.1.3.< / b >
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采纳和演进
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.4.1.4" data-path = "../usecases/service-mesh-customization-and-integration.html" >
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< a href = "../usecases/service-mesh-customization-and-integration.html" >
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< b > 6.4.1.4.< / b >
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定制和集成
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.4.1.5" data-path = "../usecases/service-mesh-conclusion.html" >
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< a href = "../usecases/service-mesh-conclusion.html" >
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< b > 6.4.1.5.< / b >
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总结
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.4.2" data-path = "../usecases/istio.html" >
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< a href = "../usecases/istio.html" >
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< b > 6.4.2.< / b >
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Istio
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.4.2.1" data-path = "../usecases/istio-installation.html" >
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< a href = "../usecases/istio-installation.html" >
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< b > 6.4.2.1.< / b >
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2021-02-27 20:28:29 +08:00
安装并试用 Istio
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< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.4.2.2" data-path = "../usecases/sidecar-spec-in-istio.html" >
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< a href = "../usecases/sidecar-spec-in-istio.html" >
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< b > 6.4.2.2.< / b >
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Istio 中 sidecar 的注入规范及示例
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.4.2.3" data-path = "../usecases/istio-community-tips.html" >
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< a href = "../usecases/istio-community-tips.html" >
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< b > 6.4.2.3.< / b >
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如何参与 Istio 社区及注意事项
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.4.2.4" data-path = "../usecases/istio-tutorials-collection.html" >
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< a href = "../usecases/istio-tutorials-collection.html" >
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< b > 6.4.2.4.< / b >
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Istio 免费学习资源汇总
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.4.2.5" data-path = "../usecases/understand-sidecar-injection-and-traffic-hijack-in-istio-service-mesh.html" >
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< a href = "../usecases/understand-sidecar-injection-and-traffic-hijack-in-istio-service-mesh.html" >
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< b > 6.4.2.5.< / b >
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Sidecar 的注入与流量劫持
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.4.2.6" data-path = "../usecases/envoy-sidecar-routing-of-istio-service-mesh-deep-dive.html" >
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< a href = "../usecases/envoy-sidecar-routing-of-istio-service-mesh-deep-dive.html" >
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< b > 6.4.2.6.< / b >
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Envoy Sidecar 代理的路由转发
< / a >
2020-11-18 17:21:45 +08:00
< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.4.2.7" data-path = "../usecases/how-to-integrate-istio-with-vm.html" >
2020-11-18 17:21:45 +08:00
< a href = "../usecases/how-to-integrate-istio-with-vm.html" >
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< b > 6.4.2.7.< / b >
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Istio 如何支持虚拟机
< / a >
2020-12-25 20:38:09 +08:00
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.4.2.8" data-path = "../usecases/istio-vm-support.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/istio-vm-support.html" >
< b > 6.4.2.8.< / b >
Istio 支持虚拟机的历史
< / a >
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< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.4.3" data-path = "../usecases/linkerd.html" >
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< a href = "../usecases/linkerd.html" >
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< b > 6.4.3.< / b >
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Linkerd
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.4.3.1" data-path = "../usecases/linkerd-user-guide.html" >
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< a href = "../usecases/linkerd-user-guide.html" >
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< b > 6.4.3.1.< / b >
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Linkerd 使用指南
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.4.4" data-path = "../usecases/conduit.html" >
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< a href = "../usecases/conduit.html" >
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< b > 6.4.4.< / b >
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Conduit
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.4.4.1" data-path = "../usecases/conduit-overview.html" >
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< a href = "../usecases/conduit-overview.html" >
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< b > 6.4.4.1.< / b >
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Condiut 概览
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.4.4.2" data-path = "../usecases/conduit-installation.html" >
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< a href = "../usecases/conduit-installation.html" >
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< b > 6.4.4.2.< / b >
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安装 Conduit
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.4.5" data-path = "../usecases/envoy.html" >
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< a href = "../usecases/envoy.html" >
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< b > 6.4.5.< / b >
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Envoy
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.4.5.1" data-path = "../usecases/envoy-terminology.html" >
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< a href = "../usecases/envoy-terminology.html" >
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< b > 6.4.5.1.< / b >
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Envoy 的架构与基本术语
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.4.5.2" data-path = "../usecases/envoy-front-proxy.html" >
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< a href = "../usecases/envoy-front-proxy.html" >
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< b > 6.4.5.2.< / b >
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Envoy 作为前端代理
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.4.5.3" data-path = "../usecases/envoy-mesh-in-kubernetes-tutorial.html" >
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< a href = "../usecases/envoy-mesh-in-kubernetes-tutorial.html" >
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< b > 6.4.5.3.< / b >
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Envoy mesh 教程
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.4.6" data-path = "../usecases/mosn.html" >
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< a href = "../usecases/mosn.html" >
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< b > 6.4.6.< / b >
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MOSN
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.5" data-path = "../usecases/big-data.html" >
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< a href = "../usecases/big-data.html" >
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< b > 6.5.< / b >
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大数据
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.5.1" data-path = "../usecases/spark-standalone-on-kubernetes.html" >
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2020-06-24 16:47:22 +08:00
< a href = "../usecases/spark-standalone-on-kubernetes.html" >
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< b > 6.5.1.< / b >
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Spark standalone on Kubernetes
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.5.2" data-path = "../usecases/running-spark-with-kubernetes-native-scheduler.html" >
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< a href = "../usecases/running-spark-with-kubernetes-native-scheduler.html" >
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< b > 6.5.2.< / b >
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运行支持 Kubernetes 原生调度的 Spark 程序
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.6" data-path = "../usecases/serverless.html" >
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< a href = "../usecases/serverless.html" >
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< b > 6.6.< / b >
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Serverless 架构
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.6.1" data-path = "../usecases/understanding-serverless.html" >
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2020-06-24 16:47:22 +08:00
< a href = "../usecases/understanding-serverless.html" >
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< b > 6.6.1.< / b >
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理解 Serverless
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.6.2" data-path = "../usecases/faas.html" >
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< a href = "../usecases/faas.html" >
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< b > 6.6.2.< / b >
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FaaS（ ）
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.6.2.1" data-path = "../usecases/openfaas-quick-start.html" >
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2020-06-24 16:47:22 +08:00
< a href = "../usecases/openfaas-quick-start.html" >
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< b > 6.6.2.1.< / b >
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OpenFaaS 快速入门指南
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.6.3" data-path = "../usecases/knative.html" >
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< a href = "../usecases/knative.html" >
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< b > 6.6.3.< / b >
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Knative
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.7" data-path = "../usecases/edge-computing.html" >
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2020-06-24 16:47:22 +08:00
< a href = "../usecases/edge-computing.html" >
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< b > 6.7.< / b >
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边缘计算
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.8" data-path = "../usecases/ai.html" >
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< a href = "../usecases/ai.html" >
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< b > 6.8.< / b >
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人工智能
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "header" > 开发指南< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.1" data-path = "../develop/" >
< a href = "../develop/" >
< b > 7.1.< / b >
开发指南概览
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.2" data-path = "../develop/sigs-and-working-group.html" >
< a href = "../develop/sigs-and-working-group.html" >
< b > 7.2.< / b >
SIG 和工作组
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.3" data-path = "../develop/developing-environment.html" >
< a href = "../develop/developing-environment.html" >
< b > 7.3.< / b >
开发环境搭建
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.3.1" data-path = "../develop/using-vagrant-and-virtualbox-for-development.html" >
< a href = "../develop/using-vagrant-and-virtualbox-for-development.html" >
< b > 7.3.1.< / b >
本地分布式开发环境搭建（使用 Vagrant 和 Virtualbox）
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.4" data-path = "../develop/testing.html" >
< a href = "../develop/testing.html" >
< b > 7.4.< / b >
单元测试和集成测试
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.5" data-path = "../develop/client-go-sample.html" >
< a href = "../develop/client-go-sample.html" >
< b > 7.5.< / b >
client-go 示例
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.6" data-path = "../develop/operator.html" >
< a href = "../develop/operator.html" >
< b > 7.6.< / b >
Operator
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.6.1" data-path = "../develop/operator-sdk.html" >
< a href = "../develop/operator-sdk.html" >
< b > 7.6.1.< / b >
operator-sdk
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.7" data-path = "../develop/kubebuilder.html" >
< a href = "../develop/kubebuilder.html" >
< b > 7.7.< / b >
kubebuilder
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.7.1" data-path = "../develop/kubebuilder-example.html" >
< a href = "../develop/kubebuilder-example.html" >
< b > 7.7.1.< / b >
使用 kubebuilder 创建 operator 示例
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.8" data-path = "../develop/advance-developer.html" >
< a href = "../develop/advance-developer.html" >
< b > 7.8.< / b >
高级开发指南
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.9" data-path = "../develop/contribute.html" >
< a href = "../develop/contribute.html" >
< b > 7.9.< / b >
社区贡献
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.10" data-path = "../develop/minikube.html" >
< a href = "../develop/minikube.html" >
< b > 7.10.< / b >
Minikube
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "header" > CNCF（ ） < / li >
2020-06-24 16:47:22 +08:00
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.1" data-path = "cncf.html" >
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2020-06-24 16:47:22 +08:00
< a href = "cncf.html" >
2020-06-19 14:52:56 +08:00
< b > 8.1.< / b >
CNCF - 云原生计算基金会简介
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.2" data-path = "cncf-charter.html" >
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2020-06-24 16:47:22 +08:00
< a href = "cncf-charter.html" >
2020-06-19 14:52:56 +08:00
< b > 8.2.< / b >
CNCF 章程
< / a >
< / li >
2020-06-24 16:47:22 +08:00
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.3" data-path = "cncf-sig.html" >
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2020-06-24 16:47:22 +08:00
< a href = "cncf-sig.html" >
2020-06-19 14:52:56 +08:00
< b > 8.3.< / b >
CNCF 特别兴趣小组（ ）
< / a >
< / li >
2020-06-24 16:47:22 +08:00
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.4" data-path = "cncf-sandbox-criteria.html" >
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2020-06-24 16:47:22 +08:00
< a href = "cncf-sandbox-criteria.html" >
2020-06-19 14:52:56 +08:00
< b > 8.4.< / b >
开源项目加入 CNCF Sandbox 的要求
< / a >
< / li >
2020-06-24 16:47:22 +08:00
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.5" data-path = "cncf-project-governing.html" >
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2020-06-24 16:47:22 +08:00
< a href = "cncf-project-governing.html" >
2020-06-19 14:52:56 +08:00
< b > 8.5.< / b >
CNCF 中的项目治理
< / a >
< / li >
2020-06-24 16:47:22 +08:00
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.6" data-path = "cncf-ambassador.html" >
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2020-06-24 16:47:22 +08:00
< a href = "cncf-ambassador.html" >
2020-06-19 14:52:56 +08:00
< b > 8.6.< / b >
CNCF Ambassador
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "header" > 附录< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.1" data-path = "../appendix/" >
< a href = "../appendix/" >
< b > 9.1.< / b >
附录说明
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.2" data-path = "../appendix/debug-kubernetes-services.html" >
< a href = "../appendix/debug-kubernetes-services.html" >
< b > 9.2.< / b >
Kubernetes 中的应用故障排查
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.3" data-path = "../appendix/material-share.html" >
< a href = "../appendix/material-share.html" >
< b > 9.3.< / b >
Kubernetes 相关资讯和情报链接
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.4" data-path = "../appendix/docker-best-practice.html" >
< a href = "../appendix/docker-best-practice.html" >
< b > 9.4.< / b >
Docker 最佳实践
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.5" data-path = "../appendix/tricks.html" >
< a href = "../appendix/tricks.html" >
< b > 9.5.< / b >
使用技巧
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.6" data-path = "../appendix/issues.html" >
< a href = "../appendix/issues.html" >
< b > 9.6.< / b >
问题记录
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.7" data-path = "../appendix/kubernetes-changelog.html" >
< a href = "../appendix/kubernetes-changelog.html" >
< b > 9.7.< / b >
Kubernetes 版本更新日志
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.8" data-path = "../appendix/summary-and-outlook.html" >
< a href = "../appendix/summary-and-outlook.html" >
< b > 9.8.< / b >
Kubernetes 及云原生年度总结及展望
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.8.1" data-path = "../appendix/kubernetes-and-cloud-native-summary-in-2017-and-outlook-for-2018.html" >
< a href = "../appendix/kubernetes-and-cloud-native-summary-in-2017-and-outlook-for-2018.html" >
< b > 9.8.1.< / b >
Kubernetes 与云原生 2017 年年终总结及 2018 年展望
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.8.2" data-path = "../appendix/kubernetes-and-cloud-native-summary-in-2018-and-outlook-for-2019.html" >
< a href = "../appendix/kubernetes-and-cloud-native-summary-in-2018-and-outlook-for-2019.html" >
< b > 9.8.2.< / b >
Kubernetes 与云原生 2018 年年终总结及 2019 年展望
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.9" data-path = "../appendix/cncf-annual-report.html" >
< a href = "../appendix/cncf-annual-report.html" >
< b > 9.9.< / b >
CNCF 年度报告解读
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.9.1" data-path = "../appendix/cncf-annual-report-2018.html" >
< a href = "../appendix/cncf-annual-report-2018.html" >
< b > 9.9.1.< / b >
CNCF 2018 年年度报告解读
< / a >
2021-01-09 21:48:01 +08:00
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.9.2" data-path = "../appendix/cncf-annual-report-2020.html" >
< a href = "../appendix/cncf-annual-report-2020.html" >
< b > 9.9.2.< / b >
CNCF 2020 年年度报告解读
< / a >
2020-06-19 14:52:56 +08:00
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.10" data-path = "../appendix/about-kcsp.html" >
< a href = "../appendix/about-kcsp.html" >
< b > 9.10.< / b >
Kubernetes 认证服务提供商（ ）
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.11" data-path = "../appendix/about-cka-candidate.html" >
< a href = "../appendix/about-cka-candidate.html" >
< b > 9.11.< / b >
认证 Kubernetes 管理员（ ）
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "divider" > < / li >
< li >
< a href = "https://www.gitbook.com" target = "blank" class = "gitbook-link" >
本书使用 GitBook 发布
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / nav >
< / div >
< div class = "book-body" >
< div class = "body-inner" >
< div class = "book-header" role = "navigation" >
<!-- Title -->
< h1 >
< i class = "fa fa-circle-o-notch fa-spin" > < / i >
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< a href = ".." > OAM< / a >
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< / h1 >
< / div >
< div class = "page-wrapper" tabindex = "-1" role = "main" >
< div class = "page-inner" >
< div class = "search-plus" id = "book-search-results" >
< div class = "search-noresults" >
< section class = "normal markdown-section" >
< h1 id = "oam（开放应用模型）" > OAM（ 开 放 应 用 模 型 ） < / h1 >
< p > < a href = "https://oam.dev/" target = "_blank" > OAM（ Open Application Model） < / a > 是 阿 里 巴 巴 和 微 软 共 同 开 源 的 云 原 生 应 用 规 范 模 型 ， 同 时 开 源 了 基 于 OAM 的 实 现 < a href = "https://github.com/oam-dev/rudr" target = "_blank" > Rudr< / a > ， 自 2019 年 10 月 宣 布 开 源 以 来 截 止 本 文 发 稿 已 经 有 快 半 年 时 间 了 。 < / p >
< p > 当 前 可 能 大 部 分 人 才 刚 刚 开 始 了 解 OAM， 所 以 这 篇 文 章 将 从 最 基 础 出 发 ， 为 大 家 介 绍 OAM 的 诞 生 背 景 和 要 解 决 的 问 题 ， 以 及 它 在 云 原 生 生 态 中 的 作 用 。 < / p >
< h2 id = "takeaways" > Takeaways< / h2 >
< p > 如 果 你 没 有 兴 趣 或 者 时 间 阅 读 下 面 的 全 文 ， 那 么 建 议 阅 读 下 面 这 些 核 心 观 点 ： < / p >
< ul >
< li > OAM 的 本 质 是 根 据 软 件 设 计 的 “ 兴 趣 点 分 离 ” 原 则 对 负 责 的 DevOps 流 程 的 高 度 抽 象 和 封 装 ， 这 背 后 还 是 “ < strong > 康 威 定 律 < / strong > ” 在 起 作 用 。 < / li >
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< li > OAM 仅 定 义 云 原 生 应 用 的 规 范 ， 目 前 推 出 的 < a href = "https://github.com/oam-dev/rudr" target = "_blank" > Rudr< / a > 可 以 看 做 是 OAM 规 范 的 Kubernetes 解 释 器 ， 将 云 原 生 应 用 定 义 翻 译 成 Kubernetes 的 资 源 对 象 。 < / li >
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< li > OAM 与 < a href = "https://crossplane.io/" target = "_blank" > Crossplane< / a > 将 展 开 合 作 ， 就 Kubernetes 式 以 API 为 中 心 的 应 用 定 义 发 扬 光 大 ， 并 深 度 参 与 < a href = "https://github.com/cncf/sig-app-delivery" target = "_blank" > CNCF SIG App Delivery< / a > ， 以 共 同 定 义 云 原 生 应 用 标 准 。 < / li >
< / ul >
< blockquote >
< p > < strong > 康 威 定 律 （ Conway’ s Law） < / strong > < / p >
< p > < a href = "https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hans/%E5%BA%B7%E5%A8%81%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" target = "_blank" > 康 威 定 律 < / a > 是 马 尔 文 · 康 威 （ Melvin Conway） 1967年 提 出 的 ： " 设 计 系 统 的 架 构 受 制 于 产 生 这 些 设 计 的 组 织 的 沟 通 结 构 。 " < / p >
< / blockquote >
< h2 id = "oam-简介" > OAM 简 介 < / h2 >
< p > OAM 全 称 是 Open Application Model， 从 名 称 上 来 看 它 所 定 义 的 就 是 一 种 模 型 ， 同 时 也 实 现 了 基 于 OAM 的 我 认 为 这 种 模 型 旨 在 定 义 了 云 原 生 应 用 的 标 准 。 < / p >
< ul >
< li > 开 放 （ Open） ： 支 持 异 构 的 平 台 、 容 器 运 行 时 、 调 度 系 统 、 云 供 应 商 、 硬 件 配 置 等 ， 总 之 与 底 层 无 关 < / li >
< li > 应 用 （ Application） ： 云 原 生 应 用 < / li >
< li > 模 型 （ Model） ： 定 义 标 准 ， 以 使 其 与 底 层 平 台 无 关 < / li >
< / ul >
< p > 既 然 要 制 定 标 准 ， 自 然 要 对 不 同 平 台 和 场 景 的 逻 辑 做 出 更 高 级 别 的 抽 象 （ 这 也 意 味 着 你 在 掌 握 了 底 层 逻 辑 的 情 况 下 还 要 学 习 更 多 的 概 念 ） ， 这 样 才 能 屏 蔽 底 层 差 异 。 本 文 将 默 认 底 层 平 台 为 Kubernetes。 < / p >
< ul >
< li > 是 从 管 理 大 量 CRD 中 汲 取 的 经 验 。 < / li >
< li > 业 务 和 研 发 的 沟 通 成 本 ， 比 如 YAML 配 置 中 很 多 字 段 是 开 发 人 员 不 关 心 的 。 < / li >
< / ul >
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< h2 id = "设计原则" > 设 计 原 则 < / h2 >
< p > OAM 规 范 的 设 计 遵 循 了 以 下 < a href = "https://github.com/oam-dev/spec/blob/master/9.design_principles.md" target = "_blank" > 原 则 < / a > ： < / p >
< ul >
< li > 关 注 点 分 离 ： 根 据 功 能 和 行 为 来 定 义 模 型 ， 以 此 划 分 不 同 角 色 的 职 责 ， < / li >
< li > 平 台 中 立 ： OAM 的 实 现 不 绑 定 到 特 定 平 台 ； < / li >
< li > 优 雅 ： 尽 量 减 少 设 计 复 杂 性 ； < / li >
< li > 复 用 性 ： 可 移 植 性 好 ， 同 一 个 应 用 程 序 可 以 在 不 同 的 平 台 上 不 加 改 动 地 执 行 ； < / li >
< li > 不 作 为 编 程 模 型 ： OAM 提 供 的 是 应 用 程 序 模 型 ， 描 述 了 应 用 程 序 的 组 成 和 组 件 的 拓 扑 结 构 ， 而 不 关 注 应 用 程 序 的 具 体 实 现 。 < / li >
< / ul >
< p > 下 图 是 OAM 规 范 示 意 图 。 < / p >
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< figure id = "fig2.9.1.1" > < a href = "../images/oam-spec.png" data-lightbox = "6194e161-774c-4d25-9b3a-bcc338fb8e02" data-title = "OAM 规范示意图" > < img src = "../images/oam-spec.png" alt = "OAM 规范示意图" > < / a > < figcaption > 图 2.9.1.1： OAM 规 范 示 意 图 < / figcaption > < / figure >
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< p > 图 片 来 自 < a href = "https://github.com/oam-dev/spec/issues/346" target = "_blank" > oam/spec issue #346< / a > 。 < / p >
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< h3 id = "oam-基本对象" > OAM 基 本 对 象 < / h3 >
< p > OAM 模 型 中 包 含 以 下 基 本 对 象 ， 以 本 文 发 稿 时 的 最 新 API 版 本 < code > core.oam.dev/v1alpha2< / code > 为 准 ： < / p >
< ul >
< li > < a href = "https://github.com/oam-dev/spec/blob/master/4.component.md" target = "_blank" > < strong > Component< / strong > < / a > ： OAM 中 最 基 础 的 对 象 ， 该 配 置 与 基 础 设 施 无 关 ， 定 义 负 载 实 例 的 运 维 特 性 。 例 如 一 个 微 服 务 < a href = "https://github.com/oam-dev/spec/blob/master/3.workload.md" target = "_blank" > workload< / a > 的 定 义 。 < / li >
< li > < a href = "https://github.com/oam-dev/spec/blob/master/6.traits.md" target = "_blank" > < strong > TraitDefinition< / strong > < / a > ： 一 个 组 件 所 需 的 < strong > 运 维 策 略 与 配 置 < / strong > ， 例 如 环 境 变 量 、 Ingress、 AutoScaler、 Volume 等 。 （ 注 意 ： 该 对 象 在 < code > apiVersion: core.oam.dev/v1alpha1< / code > 中 的 名 称 为 < code > Trait< / code > ） 。 < / li >
< li > < a href = "https://github.com/oam-dev/spec/blob/master/5.application_scopes.md" target = "_blank" > < strong > ScopeDefinition< / strong > < / a > ： 多 个 Component 的 共 同 边 界 。 可 以 根 据 组 件 的 特 性 或 者 作 用 域 来 划 分 Scope， 一 个 Component 可 能 同 时 属 于 多 个 Scope。 < / li >
< li > < a href = "https://github.com/oam-dev/spec/blob/master/7.application_configuration.md" target = "_blank" > < strong > ApplicationConfiguration< / strong > < / a > ： 将 Component（ 必 须 ） 、 Trait（ 必 须 ） 、 Scope（ 非 必 须 ） 等 组 合 到 一 起 形 成 一 个 完 整 的 应 用 配 置 。 < / li >
< / ul >
< h3 id = "oam-api-的演变" > OAM API 的 演 变 < / h3 >
< p > 因 为 OAM 还 处 在 发 展 早 起 ， API 变 化 较 快 ， 以 上 四 个 对 象 在 不 同 的 API 版 本 中 的 < code > kind< / code > 名 称 不 同 ， 请 大 家 使 用 时 注 意 区 别 。 < / p >
< table >
< thead >
< tr >
< th > 名 称 < / th >
< th > core.oam.dev/v1alpha1< / th >
< th > core.oam.dev/v1alpha2< / th >
< / tr >
< / thead >
< tbody >
< tr >
< td > Component< / td >
< td > ComponentSchematic< / td >
< td > Component< / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > Trait< / td >
< td > Trait< / td >
< td > TraitDefinition< / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > Scope< / td >
< td > Scope< / td >
< td > ScopeDefinition< / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > Application configuration< / td >
< td > ApplicationConfiguration< / td >
< td > ApplicationConfiguration< / td >
< / tr >
< / tbody >
< / table >
< p > 总 的 来 说 ， OAM 模 型 对 象 的 定 义 格 式 与 < a href = "https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/kubernetes-objects/#required-fields" target = "_blank" > Kubernetes 对 象 的 类 型 字 段 < / a > 相 似 。 关 于 OAM 的 基 本 概 念 模 型 的 更 多 信 息 请 访 问 < a href = "https://github.com/oam-dev/spec/blob/master/2.overview_and_terminology.md" target = "_blank" > Overview and Terminology< / a > 。 < / p >
< h3 id = "oam-工作原理" > OAM 工 作 原 理 < / h3 >
< p > 下 图 来 自 阿 里 云 原 生 应 用 平 台 团 队 孙 健 波 在 < strong > 《 OAM:云 原 生 时 代 的 应 用 模 型 与 下 一 代 DevOps 技 术 》 < / strong > 中 的 分 享 ， OAM 的 工 作 原 理 如 下 图 所 示 ， OAM Spec 定 义 了 云 原 生 应 用 的 规 范 （ 使 用 一 些 列 CRD 定 义 ） ， Rudr 可 以 看 做 是 OAM 规 范 的 解 析 器 ， 将 应 用 定 义 翻 译 为 Kubernetes 中 的 资 源 对 象 。 < / p >
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< figure id = "fig2.9.1.2" > < a href = "../images/oam-principle.png" data-lightbox = "7e030761-4e61-4b2b-9c99-174257050191" data-title = "OAM 的原理" > < img src = "../images/oam-principle.png" alt = "OAM 的原理" > < / a > < figcaption > 图 2.9.1.2： OAM 的 原 理 < / figcaption > < / figure >
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< p > 可 以 将 上 图 分 为 三 个 层 次 ： < / p >
< ul >
< li > < strong > 汇 编 层 < / strong > ： 即 人 工 或 者 使 用 工 具 来 根 据 OAM 规 范 定 义 汇 编 出 一 个 云 原 生 应 用 的 定 义 ， 其 中 包 含 了 该 应 用 的 工 作 负 载 和 运 维 能 力 配 置 。 < / li >
< li > < strong > 转 义 层 < / strong > ： 汇 编 好 的 文 件 将 打 包 为 YAML 文 件 ， 由 Rudr 或 其 他 OAM 的 实 现 将 其 转 义 为 Kubernetes 或 其 他 云 服 务 （ 例 如 Istio） 上 可 运 行 的 资 源 对 象 。 < / li >
< li > < strong > 执 行 层 < / strong > ： 执 行 经 过 转 义 好 的 云 平 台 上 的 资 源 对 象 并 执 行 资 源 配 置 。 < / li >
< / ul >
< h2 id = "rudr" > Rudr< / h2 >
< blockquote >
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< p > 注 意 ： Rudr 是 对 < a href = "https://github.com/oam-dev/spec/releases/tag/v1.0.0-alpha.1" target = "_blank" > OAM v1alpha1< / a > 在 Kubernetes 环 境 下 的 实 现 ， OAM 正 在 与 < a href = "https://github.com/crossplane/" target = "_blank" > Crossplane< / a > 合 作 ， 不 建 议 再 使 用 Rudr。 < / p >
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< / blockquote >
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< p > < strong > Crossplane< / strong > < / p >
< p > < a href = "crossplane.html" > Crossplane< / a > 使 用 Kubernetes 社 区 开 创 的 以 API 为 中 心 的 声 明 式 配 置 和 自 动 化 方 法 ， 使 基 础 设 施 和 应 用 管 理 标 准 化 。 官 方 网 站 ： < a href = "https://crossplane.io/" target = "_blank" > https://crossplane.io/< / a > 。 < / p >
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< h3 id = "安装-rudr" > 安 装 Rudr< / h3 >
< p > 请 参 考 < a href = "https://github.com/oam-dev/rudr/blob/master/docs/setup/install.md" target = "_blank" > Rudr 文 档 < / a > 安 装 ， 主 要 依 赖 以 下 组 件 ： < / p >
< ul >
< li > kubectl< / li >
< li > helm 3< / li >
< li > Kubernetes 1.15+< / li >
< / ul >
< p > 执 行 下 面 的 命 令 安 装 Rudr 和 需 要 的 trait。 < / p >
< pre class = "language-" > < code class = "lang-bash" > < span class = "token comment" > # 克 隆 项 目 < / span >
< span class = "token function" > git< / span > clone https://github.com/oam-dev/rudr.git
< span class = "token builtin class-name" > cd< / span > rudr
< span class = "token comment" > # 创 建 一 个 名 为 oam 的 namespace< / span >
kubectl create namespace oam
< span class = "token comment" > # 安 装 Rudr< / span >
helm < span class = "token function" > install< / span > rudr ./charts/rudr --wait -n oam
< span class = "token comment" > # 要 使 用 ingress trait， 推 荐 安 装 Nginx ingress< / span >
helm repo < span class = "token function" > add< / span > stable https://kubernetes-charts.storage.googleapis.com/
helm < span class = "token function" > install< / span > nginx-ingress stable/nginx-ingress
< span class = "token comment" > # 要 使 用 autoscaler trait， 安 装 HorizontalPodAutoscaler< / span >
helm repo < span class = "token function" > add< / span > kedacore https://kedacore.github.io/charts
helm repo update
helm < span class = "token function" > install< / span > keda kedacore/keda -n oam
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 查 看 当 前 oam namespace 下 的 所 有 pod， 你 会 发 现 已 创 建 了 以 下 pod。 < / p >
< pre class = "language-" > < code class = "lang-bash" > $ kubectl get pod -n oam
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
keda-operator-b6466c989-pn25n < span class = "token number" > 1< / span > /1 Running < span class = "token number" > 0< / span > 63m
keda-operator-metrics-apiserver-6cf88c468-k5wd8 < span class = "token number" > 1< / span > /1 Running < span class = "token number" > 0< / span > 63m
nginx-ingress-controller-787bd69d8-n6v8c < span class = "token number" > 1< / span > /1 Running < span class = "token number" > 15< / span > 7d
nginx-ingress-default-backend-7c868597f4-vvddn < span class = "token number" > 1< / span > /1 Running < span class = "token number" > 2< / span > 7d
rudr-c648c9b7b-knj9b < span class = "token number" > 1< / span > /1 Running < span class = "token number" > 7< / span > 7d
< / code > < / pre >
< h2 id = "部署示例" > 部 署 示 例 < / h2 >
< p > 我 们 使 用 OAM 官 方 提 供 的 教 程 < a href = "https://github.com/oam-dev/rudr/blob/master/docs/tutorials/deploy_and_update.md" target = "_blank" > Tutorial: Deploy, inspect, and update a Rudr application and its components< / a > 中 的 Python < a href = "https://palletsprojects.com/p/flask/" target = "_blank" > flask< / a > 示 例 ， 该 示 例 基 于 OAM v1alpha1 API， 最 新 版 API 的 示 例 可 以 参 考 < a href = "https://github.com/oam-dev/crossplane-oam-sample" target = "_blank" > crossplane-oam-sample< / a > 。 < / p >
< pre class = "language-" > < code class = "lang-bash" > < span class = "token comment" > # 部 署 Component< / span >
kubectl apply -f examples/helloworld-python-component.yaml
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 此 时 get pod 会 发 现 并 没 有 创 建 任 何 新 的 pod， 因 为 < a href = "https://github.com/oam-dev/rudr/blob/master/examples/helloworld-python-component.yaml" target = "_blank" > examples/helloworld-python-component.yaml< / a > 文 件 中 只 定 义 了 一 个 名 为 < code > helloworld-python-v1< / code > 的 < code > ComponentSchematic< / code > ， 但 是 < code > ComponentSchematic< / code > 是 仅 仅 是 定 义 了 一 个 组 件 而 已 ， 还 无 法 直 接 创 建 pod 的 ， 还 需 要 创 建 一 个 < code > ApplicationConfiguration< / code > 将 其 与 < code > Trait< / code > 绑 定 才 可 以 创 建 应 用 的 pod。 < / p >
< p > 关 于 该 示 例 的 详 细 信 息 请 参 考 < a href = "https://github.com/oam-dev/rudr/blob/master/docs/how-to/create_component_from_scratch.md" target = "_blank" > Python flask 示 例 < / a > 的 创 建 步 骤 。 < / p >
< h3 id = "创建应用配置" > 创 建 应 用 配 置 < / h3 >
< p > 在 部 署 了 < code > ComponentSchematic< / code > 之 后 我 们 还 需 要 创 建 一 个 < code > ApplicationConfiguration< / code > 将 其 与 < code > Trait< / code > 资 源 绑 定 才 可 以 创 建 应 用 。 < / p >
< p > < strong > 当 前 已 有 的 Trait< / strong > < / p >
< p > 在 安 装 Rudr 时 已 在 oam namespace 中 部 署 了 一 些 trait， 使 用 下 面 的 命 令 查 看 。 < / p >
< pre class = "language-" > < code class = "lang-bash" > $ kubectl get trait -n oam
NAME AGE
auto-scaler 7d1h
empty 7d1h
ingress 7d1h
manual-scaler 7d1h
volume-mounter 7d1h
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 在 < a href = "https://github.com/oam-dev/rudr/blob/master/examples/first-app-config.yaml" target = "_blank" > examples/first-app-config.yaml< / a > 中 将 < code > ComponentSchematic< / code > 与 ingress < code > Trait< / code > 联 系 起 来 。 一 个 完 整 的 可 部 署 的 应 用 配 置 < a href = "https://github.com/oam-dev/rudr/blob/master/examples/first-app-config.yaml" target = "_blank" > examples/first-app-config.yaml< / a > 的 内 容 如 下 所 示 ： < / p >
< pre class = "language-" > < code class = "lang-yaml" > < span class = "token key atrule" > apiVersion< / span > < span class = "token punctuation" > :< / span > core.oam.dev/v1alpha1
< span class = "token key atrule" > kind< / span > < span class = "token punctuation" > :< / span > ApplicationConfiguration
< span class = "token key atrule" > metadata< / span > < span class = "token punctuation" > :< / span >
< span class = "token key atrule" > name< / span > < span class = "token punctuation" > :< / span > first< span class = "token punctuation" > -< / span > app
< span class = "token key atrule" > spec< / span > < span class = "token punctuation" > :< / span >
< span class = "token key atrule" > components< / span > < span class = "token punctuation" > :< / span >
< span class = "token punctuation" > -< / span > < span class = "token key atrule" > componentName< / span > < span class = "token punctuation" > :< / span > helloworld< span class = "token punctuation" > -< / span > python< span class = "token punctuation" > -< / span > v1 < span class = "token comment" > # 引 用 了 上 文 中 的 Component< / span >
< span class = "token key atrule" > instanceName< / span > < span class = "token punctuation" > :< / span > first< span class = "token punctuation" > -< / span > app< span class = "token punctuation" > -< / span > helloworld< span class = "token punctuation" > -< / span > python< span class = "token punctuation" > -< / span > v1
< span class = "token key atrule" > parameterValues< / span > < span class = "token punctuation" > :< / span >
< span class = "token punctuation" > -< / span > < span class = "token key atrule" > name< / span > < span class = "token punctuation" > :< / span > target
< span class = "token key atrule" > value< / span > < span class = "token punctuation" > :< / span > Rudr
< span class = "token punctuation" > -< / span > < span class = "token key atrule" > name< / span > < span class = "token punctuation" > :< / span > port
< span class = "token key atrule" > value< / span > < span class = "token punctuation" > :< / span > < span class = "token string" > ' 9999' < / span >
< span class = "token key atrule" > traits< / span > < span class = "token punctuation" > :< / span >
< span class = "token punctuation" > -< / span > < span class = "token key atrule" > name< / span > < span class = "token punctuation" > :< / span > ingress < span class = "token comment" > # Ingress 引 用 ， Rudr 已 默 认 创 建 < / span >
< span class = "token key atrule" > properties< / span > < span class = "token punctuation" > :< / span >
< span class = "token key atrule" > hostname< / span > < span class = "token punctuation" > :< / span > example.com
< span class = "token key atrule" > path< / span > < span class = "token punctuation" > :< / span > /
< span class = "token key atrule" > servicePort< / span > < span class = "token punctuation" > :< / span > < span class = "token number" > 9999< / span >
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 执 行 下 面 的 命 令 部 署 应 用 。 < / p >
< pre class = "language-" > < code class = "lang-bash" > kubectl apply -f examples/first-app-config.yaml -n oam
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 若 此 时 查 看 oam namespace 下 的 pod 将 发 现 有 一 个 新 的 pod 创 建 。 < / p >
< pre class = "language-" > < code class = "lang-bash" > $ kubectl get pod -o oam
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
first-app-helloworld-python-v1-69945684c7-wfd82 < span class = "token number" > 1< / span > /1 Running < span class = "token number" > 0< / span > 16m
< span class = "token punctuation" > ..< / span > .
< / code > < / pre >
< h3 id = "测试" > 测 试 < / h3 >
< p > 执 行 下 面 的 命 令 可 以 测 试 刚 安 装 的 应 用 。 < / p >
< pre class = "language-" > < code class = "lang-bash" > < span class = "token comment" > # 将 Python flask 应 用 的 pod 暴 露 到 本 机 < / span >
< span class = "token builtin class-name" > export< / span > < span class = "token assign-left variable" > POD_NAME< / span > < span class = "token operator" > =< / span > < span class = "token variable" > < span class = "token variable" > $(< / span > kubectl get pods -l < span class = "token string" > " oam.dev/instance-name=first-app-helloworld-python-v1,app.kubernetes.io/name=first-app" < / span > -o < span class = "token assign-left variable" > jsonpath< / span > < span class = "token operator" > =< / span > < span class = "token string" > " {.items[0].metadata.name}" < / span > < span class = "token variable" > )< / span > < / span >
kubectl port-forward < span class = "token variable" > $POD_NAME< / span > < span class = "token number" > 9999< / span > :9999
Forwarding from < span class = "token number" > 127.0< / span > .0.1:9999 -< span class = "token operator" > > < / span > < span class = "token number" > 9999< / span >
Forwarding from < span class = "token punctuation" > [< / span > ::1< span class = "token punctuation" > ]< / span > :9999 -< span class = "token operator" > > < / span > < span class = "token number" > 9999< / span >
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 在 浏 览 器 中 访 问 < a href = "http://127.0.0.1:9999" target = "_blank" > http://127.0.0.1:9999< / a > 将 看 到 < code > Hello Rudr!< / code > 的 输 出 ， 这 表 示 测 试 成 功 。 < / p >
< h2 id = "未来" > 未 来 < / h2 >
< p > 从 以 上 描 述 中 可 以 看 出 OAM 对 于 定 义 云 原 生 应 用 标 准 的 野 望 ， 其 目 标 不 仅 限 于 Kubernetes 之 上 的 又 一 上 层 抽 象 ， 而 是 对 于 一 切 云 服 务 ， 在 基 于 资 源 对 象 的 基 础 上 ， Trait 来 控 制 Kubernetes 中 的 一 众 高 层 次 非 可 调 度 的 资 源 对 象 ， 如 AutoScaler、 Volume、 Ingress， Istio 中 的 流 量 配 置 对 象 VirtualService、 DestinationRule 等 ， 还 可 容 纳 更 多 的 云 服 务 ， 对 于 Serverless 时 代 的 去 基 础 设 施 化 的 思 想 不 谋 而 合 ， 未 来 可 期 。 < / p >
< h2 id = "参考" > 参 考 < / h2 >
< ul >
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< li > < a href = "https://oam.dev" target = "_blank" > OAM 官 方 网 站 - oam.dev< / a > < / li >
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