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<title>TLS Bootstrap · Kubernetes Handbook - Kubernetes 中文指南/云原生应用架构实践手册 · Jimmy Song</title>
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<a href="https://jimmysong.io" target="_blank" class="custom-link">回到主页</a>
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<a href="https://jimmysong.io/awesome-cloud-native" target="_blank" class="custom-link">云原生开源项目大全</a>
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<a href="https://cloudnative.to" target="_blank" class="custom-link">云原生社区</a>
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<li class="divider"></li>
<li class="header">前言</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.1" data-path="../">
<a href="../">
<b>1.1.</b>
序言
</a>
</li>
<li class="header">云原生</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.1" data-path="../cloud-native/cloud-native-definition.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/cloud-native-definition.html">
<b>2.1.</b>
云原生Cloud Native的定义
</a>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="2.2" data-path="../cloud-native/cloud-native-philosophy.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/cloud-native-philosophy.html">
<b>2.2.</b>
云原生的设计哲学
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.3" data-path="../cloud-native/kubernetes-history.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/kubernetes-history.html">
<b>2.3.</b>
Kubernetes 的诞生
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.4" data-path="../cloud-native/kubernetes-and-cloud-native-app-overview.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/kubernetes-and-cloud-native-app-overview.html">
<b>2.4.</b>
Kubernetes 与云原生应用概览
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.5" data-path="../cloud-native/from-kubernetes-to-cloud-native.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/from-kubernetes-to-cloud-native.html">
<b>2.5.</b>
云原生应用之路 —— 从 Kubernetes 到云原生
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.6" data-path="../cloud-native/define-cloud-native-app.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/define-cloud-native-app.html">
<b>2.6.</b>
定义云原生应用
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.6.1" data-path="../cloud-native/oam.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/oam.html">
<b>2.6.1.</b>
OAM
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.6.1.1" data-path="../cloud-native/workload.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/workload.html">
<b>2.6.1.1.</b>
Workload
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.6.1.2" data-path="../cloud-native/component.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/component.html">
<b>2.6.1.2.</b>
Component
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.6.1.3" data-path="../cloud-native/trait.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/trait.html">
<b>2.6.1.3.</b>
Trait
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.6.1.4" data-path="../cloud-native/application-scope.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/application-scope.html">
<b>2.6.1.4.</b>
Application Scope
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.6.1.5" data-path="../cloud-native/application-configuration.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/application-configuration.html">
<b>2.6.1.5.</b>
Application Configuration
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.6.2" data-path="../cloud-native/crossplane.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/crossplane.html">
<b>2.6.2.</b>
Crossplane
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.7" data-path="../cloud-native/cloud-native-programming-languages.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/cloud-native-programming-languages.html">
<b>2.7.</b>
云原生编程语言
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.7.1" data-path="../cloud-native/cloud-native-programming-language-ballerina.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/cloud-native-programming-language-ballerina.html">
<b>2.7.1.</b>
云原生编程语言 Ballerina
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.7.2" data-path="../cloud-native/cloud-native-programming-language-pulumi.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/cloud-native-programming-language-pulumi.html">
<b>2.7.2.</b>
云原生编程语言 Pulumi
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.8" data-path="../cloud-native/the-future-of-cloud-native.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/the-future-of-cloud-native.html">
<b>2.8.</b>
云原生的未来
</a>
</li>
<li class="header">快速入门</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1" data-path="../cloud-native/quick-start.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/quick-start.html">
<b>3.1.</b>
云原生新手入门指南
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.2" data-path="../cloud-native/play-with-kubernetes.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/play-with-kubernetes.html">
<b>3.2.</b>
Play with Kubernetes
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.3" data-path="../cloud-native/cloud-native-local-quick-start.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/cloud-native-local-quick-start.html">
<b>3.3.</b>
快速部署一个云原生本地实验环境
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.4" data-path="../cloud-native/setup-kubernetes-with-rancher-and-aliyun.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/setup-kubernetes-with-rancher-and-aliyun.html">
<b>3.4.</b>
使用 Rancher 在阿里云上部署 Kubenretes 集群
</a>
</li>
<li class="header">概念与原理</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1" data-path="../concepts/">
<a href="../concepts/">
<b>4.1.</b>
Kubernetes 架构
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1.1" data-path="../concepts/concepts.html">
<a href="../concepts/concepts.html">
<b>4.1.1.</b>
设计理念
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1.2" data-path="../concepts/etcd.html">
<a href="../concepts/etcd.html">
<b>4.1.2.</b>
Etcd 解析
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1.3" data-path="../concepts/open-interfaces.html">
<a href="../concepts/open-interfaces.html">
<b>4.1.3.</b>
开放接口
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1.3.1" data-path="../concepts/cri.html">
<a href="../concepts/cri.html">
<b>4.1.3.1.</b>
CRI - Container Runtime Interface容器运行时接口
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1.3.2" data-path="../concepts/cni.html">
<a href="../concepts/cni.html">
<b>4.1.3.2.</b>
CNI - Container Network Interface容器网络接口
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1.3.3" data-path="../concepts/csi.html">
<a href="../concepts/csi.html">
<b>4.1.3.3.</b>
CSI - Container Storage Interface容器存储接口
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1.4" data-path="../concepts/objects.html">
<a href="../concepts/objects.html">
<b>4.1.4.</b>
资源对象与基本概念解析
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.2" data-path="../concepts/pod-state-and-lifecycle.html">
<a href="../concepts/pod-state-and-lifecycle.html">
<b>4.2.</b>
Pod 状态与生命周期管理
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.2.1" data-path="../concepts/pod-overview.html">
<a href="../concepts/pod-overview.html">
<b>4.2.1.</b>
Pod 概览
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.2.2" data-path="../concepts/pod.html">
<a href="../concepts/pod.html">
<b>4.2.2.</b>
Pod 解析
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.2.3" data-path="../concepts/init-containers.html">
<a href="../concepts/init-containers.html">
<b>4.2.3.</b>
Init 容器
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.2.4" data-path="../concepts/pause-container.html">
<a href="../concepts/pause-container.html">
<b>4.2.4.</b>
Pause 容器
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.2.5" data-path="../concepts/pod-security-policy.html">
<a href="../concepts/pod-security-policy.html">
<b>4.2.5.</b>
Pod 安全策略
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.2.6" data-path="../concepts/pod-lifecycle.html">
<a href="../concepts/pod-lifecycle.html">
<b>4.2.6.</b>
Pod 的生命周期
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.2.7" data-path="../concepts/pod-hook.html">
<a href="../concepts/pod-hook.html">
<b>4.2.7.</b>
Pod Hook
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.2.8" data-path="../concepts/pod-preset.html">
<a href="../concepts/pod-preset.html">
<b>4.2.8.</b>
Pod Preset
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.2.9" data-path="../concepts/pod-disruption-budget.html">
<a href="../concepts/pod-disruption-budget.html">
<b>4.2.9.</b>
Pod 中断与 PDBPod 中断预算)
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.3" data-path="../concepts/cluster.html">
<a href="../concepts/cluster.html">
<b>4.3.</b>
集群资源管理
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.3.1" data-path="../concepts/node.html">
<a href="../concepts/node.html">
<b>4.3.1.</b>
Node
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.3.2" data-path="../concepts/namespace.html">
<a href="../concepts/namespace.html">
<b>4.3.2.</b>
Namespace
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.3.3" data-path="../concepts/label.html">
<a href="../concepts/label.html">
<b>4.3.3.</b>
Label
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.3.4" data-path="../concepts/annotation.html">
<a href="../concepts/annotation.html">
<b>4.3.4.</b>
Annotation
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.3.5" data-path="../concepts/taint-and-toleration.html">
<a href="../concepts/taint-and-toleration.html">
<b>4.3.5.</b>
Taint 和 Toleration污点和容忍
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.3.6" data-path="../concepts/garbage-collection.html">
<a href="../concepts/garbage-collection.html">
<b>4.3.6.</b>
垃圾收集
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.4" data-path="../concepts/controllers.html">
<a href="../concepts/controllers.html">
<b>4.4.</b>
控制器
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.4.1" data-path="../concepts/deployment.html">
<a href="../concepts/deployment.html">
<b>4.4.1.</b>
Deployment
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.4.2" data-path="../concepts/statefulset.html">
<a href="../concepts/statefulset.html">
<b>4.4.2.</b>
StatefulSet
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.4.3" data-path="../concepts/daemonset.html">
<a href="../concepts/daemonset.html">
<b>4.4.3.</b>
DaemonSet
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.4.4" data-path="../concepts/replicaset.html">
<a href="../concepts/replicaset.html">
<b>4.4.4.</b>
ReplicationController 和 ReplicaSet
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.4.5" data-path="../concepts/job.html">
<a href="../concepts/job.html">
<b>4.4.5.</b>
Job
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.4.6" data-path="../concepts/cronjob.html">
<a href="../concepts/cronjob.html">
<b>4.4.6.</b>
CronJob
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.4.7" data-path="../concepts/horizontal-pod-autoscaling.html">
<a href="../concepts/horizontal-pod-autoscaling.html">
<b>4.4.7.</b>
Horizontal Pod Autoscaling
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.4.7.1" data-path="../concepts/custom-metrics-hpa.html">
<a href="../concepts/custom-metrics-hpa.html">
<b>4.4.7.1.</b>
自定义指标 HPA
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.4.8" data-path="../concepts/admission-controller.html">
<a href="../concepts/admission-controller.html">
<b>4.4.8.</b>
准入控制器Admission Controller
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5" data-path="../concepts/service-discovery.html">
<a href="../concepts/service-discovery.html">
<b>4.5.</b>
服务发现与路由
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5.1" data-path="../concepts/service.html">
<a href="../concepts/service.html">
<b>4.5.1.</b>
Service
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5.2" data-path="../concepts/topology-aware-routing.html">
<a href="../concepts/topology-aware-routing.html">
<b>4.5.2.</b>
拓扑感知路由
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5.3" data-path="../concepts/ingress.html">
<a href="../concepts/ingress.html">
<b>4.5.3.</b>
Ingress
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5.3.1" data-path="../concepts/traefik-ingress-controller.html">
<a href="../concepts/traefik-ingress-controller.html">
<b>4.5.3.1.</b>
Traefik Ingress Controller
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5.4" data-path="../concepts/kubernetes-service-api.html">
<a href="../concepts/kubernetes-service-api.html">
<b>4.5.4.</b>
Kubernetes Service API
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5.4.1" data-path="../concepts/service-api-overview.html">
<a href="../concepts/service-api-overview.html">
<b>4.5.4.1.</b>
Service API 简介
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.6" data-path="../concepts/authentication-and-permission.html">
<a href="../concepts/authentication-and-permission.html">
<b>4.6.</b>
身份与权限控制
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.6.1" data-path="../concepts/serviceaccount.html">
<a href="../concepts/serviceaccount.html">
<b>4.6.1.</b>
ServiceAccount
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.6.2" data-path="../concepts/rbac.html">
<a href="../concepts/rbac.html">
<b>4.6.2.</b>
RBAC—— 基于角色的访问控制
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.6.3" data-path="../concepts/network-policy.html">
<a href="../concepts/network-policy.html">
<b>4.6.3.</b>
NetworkPolicy
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.7" data-path="../concepts/networking.html">
<a href="../concepts/networking.html">
<b>4.7.</b>
网络
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.7.1" data-path="../concepts/flannel.html">
<a href="../concepts/flannel.html">
<b>4.7.1.</b>
Kubernetes 中的网络解析 —— 以 flannel 为例
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.7.2" data-path="../concepts/calico.html">
<a href="../concepts/calico.html">
<b>4.7.2.</b>
Kubernetes 中的网络解析 —— 以 calico 为例
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.7.3" data-path="../concepts/cilium.html">
<a href="../concepts/cilium.html">
<b>4.7.3.</b>
具备 API 感知的网络和安全性管理开源软件 Cilium
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.7.3.1" data-path="../concepts/cilium-concepts.html">
<a href="../concepts/cilium-concepts.html">
<b>4.7.3.1.</b>
Cilium 架构设计与概念解析
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.8" data-path="../concepts/storage.html">
<a href="../concepts/storage.html">
<b>4.8.</b>
存储
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.8.1" data-path="../concepts/secret.html">
<a href="../concepts/secret.html">
<b>4.8.1.</b>
Secret
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.8.2" data-path="../concepts/configmap.html">
<a href="../concepts/configmap.html">
<b>4.8.2.</b>
ConfigMap
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.8.2.1" data-path="../concepts/configmap-hot-update.html">
<a href="../concepts/configmap-hot-update.html">
<b>4.8.2.1.</b>
ConfigMap 的热更新
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.8.3" data-path="../concepts/volume.html">
<a href="../concepts/volume.html">
<b>4.8.3.</b>
Volume
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.8.4" data-path="../concepts/persistent-volume.html">
<a href="../concepts/persistent-volume.html">
<b>4.8.4.</b>
Persistent Volume持久化卷
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.8.5" data-path="../concepts/storageclass.html">
<a href="../concepts/storageclass.html">
<b>4.8.5.</b>
Storage Class
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.8.6" data-path="../concepts/local-persistent-storage.html">
<a href="../concepts/local-persistent-storage.html">
<b>4.8.6.</b>
本地持久化存储
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.9" data-path="../concepts/extension.html">
<a href="../concepts/extension.html">
<b>4.9.</b>
集群扩展
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.9.1" data-path="../concepts/custom-resource.html">
<a href="../concepts/custom-resource.html">
<b>4.9.1.</b>
使用自定义资源扩展 API
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.9.2" data-path="../concepts/crd.html">
<a href="../concepts/crd.html">
<b>4.9.2.</b>
使用 CRD 扩展 Kubernetes API
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.9.3" data-path="../concepts/aggregated-api-server.html">
<a href="../concepts/aggregated-api-server.html">
<b>4.9.3.</b>
Aggregated API Server
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.9.4" data-path="../concepts/apiservice.html">
<a href="../concepts/apiservice.html">
<b>4.9.4.</b>
APIService
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.9.5" data-path="../concepts/service-catalog.html">
<a href="../concepts/service-catalog.html">
<b>4.9.5.</b>
Service Catalog
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.10" data-path="../concepts/multicluster.html">
<a href="../concepts/multicluster.html">
<b>4.10.</b>
多集群管理
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.10.1" data-path="../concepts/multi-cluster-services-api.html">
<a href="../concepts/multi-cluster-services-api.html">
<b>4.10.1.</b>
Multi-Cluster Services API多集群服务 API
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.11" data-path="../concepts/scheduling.html">
<a href="../concepts/scheduling.html">
<b>4.11.</b>
资源调度
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.11.1" data-path="../concepts/qos.html">
<a href="../concepts/qos.html">
<b>4.11.1.</b>
QoS服务质量等级
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="header">用户指南</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.1" data-path="./">
<a href="./">
<b>5.1.</b>
用户指南概览
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.2" data-path="resource-configuration.html">
<a href="resource-configuration.html">
<b>5.2.</b>
资源对象配置
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.2.1" data-path="configure-liveness-readiness-probes.html">
<a href="configure-liveness-readiness-probes.html">
<b>5.2.1.</b>
配置 Pod 的 liveness 和 readiness 探针
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.2.2" data-path="configure-pod-service-account.html">
<a href="configure-pod-service-account.html">
<b>5.2.2.</b>
配置 Pod 的 Service Account
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.2.3" data-path="secret-configuration.html">
<a href="secret-configuration.html">
<b>5.2.3.</b>
Secret 配置
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.2.4" data-path="resource-quota-management.html">
<a href="resource-quota-management.html">
<b>5.2.4.</b>
管理 namespace 中的资源配额
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.3" data-path="command-usage.html">
<a href="command-usage.html">
<b>5.3.</b>
命令使用
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.3.1" data-path="docker-cli-to-kubectl.html">
<a href="docker-cli-to-kubectl.html">
<b>5.3.1.</b>
Docker 用户过渡到 kubectl 命令行指南
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.3.2" data-path="using-kubectl.html">
<a href="using-kubectl.html">
<b>5.3.2.</b>
kubectl 命令概览
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.3.3" data-path="kubectl-cheatsheet.html">
<a href="kubectl-cheatsheet.html">
<b>5.3.3.</b>
kubectl 命令技巧大全
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.3.4" data-path="using-etcdctl-to-access-kubernetes-data.html">
<a href="using-etcdctl-to-access-kubernetes-data.html">
<b>5.3.4.</b>
使用 etcdctl 访问 Kubernetes 数据
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.4" data-path="cluster-security-management.html">
<a href="cluster-security-management.html">
<b>5.4.</b>
集群安全性管理
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.4.1" data-path="managing-tls-in-a-cluster.html">
<a href="managing-tls-in-a-cluster.html">
<b>5.4.1.</b>
管理集群中的 TLS
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.4.2" data-path="kubelet-authentication-authorization.html">
<a href="kubelet-authentication-authorization.html">
<b>5.4.2.</b>
kubelet 的认证授权
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter active" data-level="5.4.3" data-path="tls-bootstrapping.html">
<a href="tls-bootstrapping.html">
<b>5.4.3.</b>
TLS Bootstrap
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.4.4" data-path="kubectl-user-authentication-authorization.html">
<a href="kubectl-user-authentication-authorization.html">
<b>5.4.4.</b>
创建用户认证授权的 kubeconfig 文件
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.4.5" data-path="ip-masq-agent.html">
<a href="ip-masq-agent.html">
<b>5.4.5.</b>
IP 伪装代理
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.4.6" data-path="auth-with-kubeconfig-or-token.html">
<a href="auth-with-kubeconfig-or-token.html">
<b>5.4.6.</b>
使用 kubeconfig 或 token 进行用户身份认证
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.4.7" data-path="authentication.html">
<a href="authentication.html">
<b>5.4.7.</b>
Kubernetes 中的用户与身份认证授权
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.4.8" data-path="kubernetes-security-best-practice.html">
<a href="kubernetes-security-best-practice.html">
<b>5.4.8.</b>
Kubernetes 集群安全性配置最佳实践
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.5" data-path="access-kubernetes-cluster.html">
<a href="access-kubernetes-cluster.html">
<b>5.5.</b>
访问 Kubernetes 集群
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.5.1" data-path="access-cluster.html">
<a href="access-cluster.html">
<b>5.5.1.</b>
访问集群
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.5.2" data-path="authenticate-across-clusters-kubeconfig.html">
<a href="authenticate-across-clusters-kubeconfig.html">
<b>5.5.2.</b>
使用 kubeconfig 文件配置跨集群认证
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.5.3" data-path="connecting-to-applications-port-forward.html">
<a href="connecting-to-applications-port-forward.html">
<b>5.5.3.</b>
通过端口转发访问集群中的应用程序
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.5.4" data-path="service-access-application-cluster.html">
<a href="service-access-application-cluster.html">
<b>5.5.4.</b>
使用 service 访问群集中的应用程序
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.5.5" data-path="accessing-kubernetes-pods-from-outside-of-the-cluster.html">
<a href="accessing-kubernetes-pods-from-outside-of-the-cluster.html">
<b>5.5.5.</b>
从外部访问 Kubernetes 中的 Pod
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.5.6" data-path="cabin-mobile-dashboard-for-kubernetes.html">
<a href="cabin-mobile-dashboard-for-kubernetes.html">
<b>5.5.6.</b>
Cabin - Kubernetes 手机客户端
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.5.7" data-path="kubernetes-desktop-client.html">
<a href="kubernetes-desktop-client.html">
<b>5.5.7.</b>
Lens - Kubernetes IDE/桌面客户端
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.5.8" data-path="kubernator-kubernetes-ui.html">
<a href="kubernator-kubernetes-ui.html">
<b>5.5.8.</b>
Kubernator - 更底层的 Kubernetes UI
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.6" data-path="application-development-deployment-flow.html">
<a href="application-development-deployment-flow.html">
<b>5.6.</b>
在 Kubernetes 中开发部署应用
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.6.1" data-path="deploy-applications-in-kubernetes.html">
<a href="deploy-applications-in-kubernetes.html">
<b>5.6.1.</b>
适用于 Kubernetes 的应用开发部署流程
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.6.2" data-path="migrating-hadoop-yarn-to-kubernetes.html">
<a href="migrating-hadoop-yarn-to-kubernetes.html">
<b>5.6.2.</b>
迁移传统应用到 Kubernetes 中 —— 以 Hadoop YARN 为例
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.6.3" data-path="using-statefulset.html">
<a href="using-statefulset.html">
<b>5.6.3.</b>
使用 StatefulSet 部署用状态应用
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="header">最佳实践</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.1" data-path="../practice/">
<a href="../practice/">
<b>6.1.</b>
最佳实践概览
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.2" data-path="../practice/install-kubernetes-on-centos.html">
<a href="../practice/install-kubernetes-on-centos.html">
<b>6.2.</b>
在 CentOS 上部署 Kubernetes 集群
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.2.1" data-path="../practice/create-tls-and-secret-key.html">
<a href="../practice/create-tls-and-secret-key.html">
<b>6.2.1.</b>
创建 TLS 证书和秘钥
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.2.2" data-path="../practice/create-kubeconfig.html">
<a href="../practice/create-kubeconfig.html">
<b>6.2.2.</b>
创建 kubeconfig 文件
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.2.3" data-path="../practice/etcd-cluster-installation.html">
<a href="../practice/etcd-cluster-installation.html">
<b>6.2.3.</b>
创建高可用 etcd 集群
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.2.4" data-path="../practice/kubectl-installation.html">
<a href="../practice/kubectl-installation.html">
<b>6.2.4.</b>
安装 kubectl 命令行工具
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.2.5" data-path="../practice/master-installation.html">
<a href="../practice/master-installation.html">
<b>6.2.5.</b>
部署 master 节点
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.2.6" data-path="../practice/flannel-installation.html">
<a href="../practice/flannel-installation.html">
<b>6.2.6.</b>
安装 flannel 网络插件
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.2.7" data-path="../practice/node-installation.html">
<a href="../practice/node-installation.html">
<b>6.2.7.</b>
部署 node 节点
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.2.8" data-path="../practice/kubedns-addon-installation.html">
<a href="../practice/kubedns-addon-installation.html">
<b>6.2.8.</b>
安装 kubedns 插件
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.2.9" data-path="../practice/dashboard-addon-installation.html">
<a href="../practice/dashboard-addon-installation.html">
<b>6.2.9.</b>
安装 dashboard 插件
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.2.10" data-path="../practice/heapster-addon-installation.html">
<a href="../practice/heapster-addon-installation.html">
<b>6.2.10.</b>
安装 heapster 插件
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.2.11" data-path="../practice/efk-addon-installation.html">
<a href="../practice/efk-addon-installation.html">
<b>6.2.11.</b>
安装 EFK 插件
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.3" data-path="../practice/install-kubernetes-with-kubeadm.html">
<a href="../practice/install-kubernetes-with-kubeadm.html">
<b>6.3.</b>
生产级的 Kubernetes 简化管理工具 kubeadm
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.3.1" data-path="../practice/install-kubernetes-on-ubuntu-server-16.04-with-kubeadm.html">
<a href="../practice/install-kubernetes-on-ubuntu-server-16.04-with-kubeadm.html">
<b>6.3.1.</b>
使用 kubeadm 在 Ubuntu Server 16.04 上快速构建测试集群
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.4" data-path="../practice/service-discovery-and-loadbalancing.html">
<a href="../practice/service-discovery-and-loadbalancing.html">
<b>6.4.</b>
服务发现与负载均衡
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.4.1" data-path="../practice/traefik-ingress-installation.html">
<a href="../practice/traefik-ingress-installation.html">
<b>6.4.1.</b>
安装 Traefik ingress
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.4.2" data-path="../practice/distributed-load-test.html">
<a href="../practice/distributed-load-test.html">
<b>6.4.2.</b>
分布式负载测试
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.4.3" data-path="../practice/network-and-cluster-perfermance-test.html">
<a href="../practice/network-and-cluster-perfermance-test.html">
<b>6.4.3.</b>
网络和集群性能测试
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.4.4" data-path="../practice/edge-node-configuration.html">
<a href="../practice/edge-node-configuration.html">
<b>6.4.4.</b>
边缘节点配置
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.4.5" data-path="../practice/nginx-ingress-installation.html">
<a href="../practice/nginx-ingress-installation.html">
<b>6.4.5.</b>
安装 Nginx ingress
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.4.6" data-path="../practice/dns-installation.html">
<a href="../practice/dns-installation.html">
<b>6.4.6.</b>
安装配置 DNS
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.4.6.1" data-path="../practice/configuring-dns.html">
<a href="../practice/configuring-dns.html">
<b>6.4.6.1.</b>
安装配置 Kube-dns
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.4.6.2" data-path="../practice/coredns.html">
<a href="../practice/coredns.html">
<b>6.4.6.2.</b>
安装配置 CoreDNS
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.5" data-path="../practice/operation.html">
<a href="../practice/operation.html">
<b>6.5.</b>
运维管理
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.5.1" data-path="../practice/master-ha.html">
<a href="../practice/master-ha.html">
<b>6.5.1.</b>
Master 节点高可用
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.5.2" data-path="../practice/service-rolling-update.html">
<a href="../practice/service-rolling-update.html">
<b>6.5.2.</b>
服务滚动升级
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.5.3" data-path="../practice/app-log-collection.html">
<a href="../practice/app-log-collection.html">
<b>6.5.3.</b>
应用日志收集
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.5.4" data-path="../practice/configuration-best-practice.html">
<a href="../practice/configuration-best-practice.html">
<b>6.5.4.</b>
配置最佳实践
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.5.5" data-path="../practice/monitor.html">
<a href="../practice/monitor.html">
<b>6.5.5.</b>
集群及应用监控
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.5.6" data-path="../practice/data-persistence-problem.html">
<a href="../practice/data-persistence-problem.html">
<b>6.5.6.</b>
数据持久化问题
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.5.7" data-path="../practice/manage-compute-resources-container.html">
<a href="../practice/manage-compute-resources-container.html">
<b>6.5.7.</b>
管理容器的计算资源
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.5.8" data-path="../practice/federation.html">
<a href="../practice/federation.html">
<b>6.5.8.</b>
集群联邦Cluster Federation
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.6" data-path="../practice/storage.html">
<a href="../practice/storage.html">
<b>6.6.</b>
存储管理
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.6.1" data-path="../practice/glusterfs.html">
<a href="../practice/glusterfs.html">
<b>6.6.1.</b>
GlusterFS
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.6.1.1" data-path="../practice/using-glusterfs-for-persistent-storage.html">
<a href="../practice/using-glusterfs-for-persistent-storage.html">
<b>6.6.1.1.</b>
使用 GlusterFS 做持久化存储
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.6.1.2" data-path="../practice/using-heketi-gluster-for-persistent-storage.html">
<a href="../practice/using-heketi-gluster-for-persistent-storage.html">
<b>6.6.1.2.</b>
使用 Heketi 作为 Kubernetes 的持久存储 GlusterFS 的 external provisioner
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.6.1.3" data-path="../practice/storage-for-containers-using-glusterfs-with-openshift.html">
<a href="../practice/storage-for-containers-using-glusterfs-with-openshift.html">
<b>6.6.1.3.</b>
在 OpenShift 中使用 GlusterFS 做持久化存储
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.6.2" data-path="../practice/glusterd-2.0.html">
<a href="../practice/glusterd-2.0.html">
<b>6.6.2.</b>
GlusterD-2.0
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.6.3" data-path="../practice/ceph.html">
<a href="../practice/ceph.html">
<b>6.6.3.</b>
Ceph
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.6.3.1" data-path="../practice/ceph-helm-install-guide-zh.html">
<a href="../practice/ceph-helm-install-guide-zh.html">
<b>6.6.3.1.</b>
用 Helm 托管安装 Ceph 集群并提供后端存储
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.6.3.2" data-path="../practice/using-ceph-for-persistent-storage.html">
<a href="../practice/using-ceph-for-persistent-storage.html">
<b>6.6.3.2.</b>
使用 Ceph 做持久化存储
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.6.3.3" data-path="../practice/rbd-provisioner.html">
<a href="../practice/rbd-provisioner.html">
<b>6.6.3.3.</b>
使用 rbd-provisioner 提供 rbd 持久化存储
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.6.4" data-path="../practice/openebs.html">
<a href="../practice/openebs.html">
<b>6.6.4.</b>
OpenEBS
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.6.4.1" data-path="../practice/using-openebs-for-persistent-storage.html">
<a href="../practice/using-openebs-for-persistent-storage.html">
<b>6.6.4.1.</b>
使用 OpenEBS 做持久化存储
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.6.5" data-path="../practice/rook.html">
<a href="../practice/rook.html">
<b>6.6.5.</b>
Rook
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.6.6" data-path="../practice/nfs.html">
<a href="../practice/nfs.html">
<b>6.6.6.</b>
NFS
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.6.6.1" data-path="../practice/using-nfs-for-persistent-storage.html">
<a href="../practice/using-nfs-for-persistent-storage.html">
<b>6.6.6.1.</b>
利用 NFS 动态提供 Kubernetes 后端存储卷
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.7" data-path="../practice/monitoring.html">
<a href="../practice/monitoring.html">
<b>6.7.</b>
集群与应用监控
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.7.1" data-path="../practice/heapster.html">
<a href="../practice/heapster.html">
<b>6.7.1.</b>
Heapster
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.7.1.1" data-path="../practice/using-heapster-to-get-object-metrics.html">
<a href="../practice/using-heapster-to-get-object-metrics.html">
<b>6.7.1.1.</b>
使用 Heapster 获取集群和对象的 metric 数据
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.7.2" data-path="../practice/prometheus.html">
<a href="../practice/prometheus.html">
<b>6.7.2.</b>
Prometheus
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.7.2.1" data-path="../practice/using-prometheus-to-monitor-kuberentes-cluster.html">
<a href="../practice/using-prometheus-to-monitor-kuberentes-cluster.html">
<b>6.7.2.1.</b>
使用 Prometheus 监控 kubernetes 集群
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.7.2.2" data-path="../practice/promql.html">
<a href="../practice/promql.html">
<b>6.7.2.2.</b>
Prometheus 查询语言 PromQL 使用说明
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.7.3" data-path="../practice/vistio-visualize-your-istio-mesh.html">
<a href="../practice/vistio-visualize-your-istio-mesh.html">
<b>6.7.3.</b>
使用 Vistio 监控 Istio 服务网格中的流量
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.8" data-path="../practice/distributed-tracing.html">
<a href="../practice/distributed-tracing.html">
<b>6.8.</b>
分布式追踪
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.8.1" data-path="../practice/opentracing.html">
<a href="../practice/opentracing.html">
<b>6.8.1.</b>
OpenTracing
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.9" data-path="../practice/services-management-tool.html">
<a href="../practice/services-management-tool.html">
<b>6.9.</b>
服务编排管理
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.9.1" data-path="../practice/helm.html">
<a href="../practice/helm.html">
<b>6.9.1.</b>
使用 Helm 管理 Kubernetes 应用
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.9.2" data-path="../practice/create-private-charts-repo.html">
<a href="../practice/create-private-charts-repo.html">
<b>6.9.2.</b>
构建私有 Chart 仓库
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.10" data-path="../practice/ci-cd.html">
<a href="../practice/ci-cd.html">
<b>6.10.</b>
持续集成与发布
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.10.1" data-path="../practice/jenkins-ci-cd.html">
<a href="../practice/jenkins-ci-cd.html">
<b>6.10.1.</b>
使用 Jenkins 进行持续集成与发布
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.10.2" data-path="../practice/drone-ci-cd.html">
<a href="../practice/drone-ci-cd.html">
<b>6.10.2.</b>
使用 Drone 进行持续集成与发布
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.11" data-path="../practice/update-and-upgrade.html">
<a href="../practice/update-and-upgrade.html">
<b>6.11.</b>
更新与升级
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.11.1" data-path="../practice/manually-upgrade.html">
<a href="../practice/manually-upgrade.html">
<b>6.11.1.</b>
手动升级 Kubernetes 集群
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.11.2" data-path="../practice/dashboard-upgrade.html">
<a href="../practice/dashboard-upgrade.html">
<b>6.11.2.</b>
升级 dashboard
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.12" data-path="../practice/controller-extended.html">
<a href="../practice/controller-extended.html">
<b>6.12.</b>
扩展控制器
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.12.1" data-path="../practice/openkruise.html">
<a href="../practice/openkruise.html">
<b>6.12.1.</b>
OpenKruise
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.12.1.1" data-path="../practice/in-place-update.html">
<a href="../practice/in-place-update.html">
<b>6.12.1.1.</b>
原地升级
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.13" data-path="../practice/security-policy.html">
<a href="../practice/security-policy.html">
<b>6.13.</b>
安全策略
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.13.1" data-path="../practice/open-policy-agent.html">
<a href="../practice/open-policy-agent.html">
<b>6.13.1.</b>
OPA开放策略代理
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.13.2" data-path="../practice/cloud-native-security.html">
<a href="../practice/cloud-native-security.html">
<b>6.13.2.</b>
云原生安全
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="header">服务网格</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.1" data-path="../usecases/service-mesh.html">
<a href="../usecases/service-mesh.html">
<b>7.1.</b>
服务网格Service Mesh
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.2" data-path="../usecases/the-enterprise-path-to-service-mesh-architectures.html">
<a href="../usecases/the-enterprise-path-to-service-mesh-architectures.html">
<b>7.2.</b>
企业级服务网格架构
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.2.1" data-path="../usecases/service-mesh-fundamental.html">
<a href="../usecases/service-mesh-fundamental.html">
<b>7.2.1.</b>
服务网格基础
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.2.2" data-path="../usecases/comparing-service-mesh-technologies.html">
<a href="../usecases/comparing-service-mesh-technologies.html">
<b>7.2.2.</b>
服务网格技术对比
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.2.3" data-path="../usecases/service-mesh-vs-api-gateway.html">
<a href="../usecases/service-mesh-vs-api-gateway.html">
<b>7.2.3.</b>
服务网格对比 API 网关
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.2.4" data-path="../usecases/service-mesh-adoption-and-evolution.html">
<a href="../usecases/service-mesh-adoption-and-evolution.html">
<b>7.2.4.</b>
采纳和演进
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.2.5" data-path="../usecases/service-mesh-customization-and-integration.html">
<a href="../usecases/service-mesh-customization-and-integration.html">
<b>7.2.5.</b>
定制和集成
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.2.6" data-path="../usecases/service-mesh-conclusion.html">
<a href="../usecases/service-mesh-conclusion.html">
<b>7.2.6.</b>
总结
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.3" data-path="../usecases/istio.html">
<a href="../usecases/istio.html">
<b>7.3.</b>
Istio
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.3.1" data-path="../usecases/before-using-istio.html">
<a href="../usecases/before-using-istio.html">
<b>7.3.1.</b>
使用 Istio 前需要考虑的问题
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.3.2" data-path="../usecases/istio-installation.html">
<a href="../usecases/istio-installation.html">
<b>7.3.2.</b>
安装并试用 Istio
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.3.3" data-path="../usecases/sidecar-spec-in-istio.html">
<a href="../usecases/sidecar-spec-in-istio.html">
<b>7.3.3.</b>
Istio 中 sidecar 的注入规范及示例
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.3.4" data-path="../usecases/istio-community-tips.html">
<a href="../usecases/istio-community-tips.html">
<b>7.3.4.</b>
如何参与 Istio 社区及注意事项
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.3.5" data-path="../usecases/istio-tutorials-collection.html">
<a href="../usecases/istio-tutorials-collection.html">
<b>7.3.5.</b>
Istio 免费学习资源汇总
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.3.6" data-path="../usecases/understand-sidecar-injection-and-traffic-hijack-in-istio-service-mesh.html">
<a href="../usecases/understand-sidecar-injection-and-traffic-hijack-in-istio-service-mesh.html">
<b>7.3.6.</b>
Sidecar 的注入与流量劫持
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.3.7" data-path="../usecases/envoy-sidecar-routing-of-istio-service-mesh-deep-dive.html">
<a href="../usecases/envoy-sidecar-routing-of-istio-service-mesh-deep-dive.html">
<b>7.3.7.</b>
Envoy Sidecar 代理的路由转发
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.3.8" data-path="../usecases/how-to-integrate-istio-with-vm.html">
<a href="../usecases/how-to-integrate-istio-with-vm.html">
<b>7.3.8.</b>
Istio 如何支持虚拟机
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.3.9" data-path="../usecases/istio-vm-support.html">
<a href="../usecases/istio-vm-support.html">
<b>7.3.9.</b>
Istio 支持虚拟机的历史
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.4" data-path="../usecases/envoy.html">
<a href="../usecases/envoy.html">
<b>7.4.</b>
Envoy
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.4.1" data-path="../usecases/envoy-terminology.html">
<a href="../usecases/envoy-terminology.html">
<b>7.4.1.</b>
Envoy 的架构与基本术语
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.4.2" data-path="../usecases/envoy-front-proxy.html">
<a href="../usecases/envoy-front-proxy.html">
<b>7.4.2.</b>
Envoy 作为前端代理
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.4.3" data-path="../usecases/envoy-mesh-in-kubernetes-tutorial.html">
<a href="../usecases/envoy-mesh-in-kubernetes-tutorial.html">
<b>7.4.3.</b>
Envoy mesh 教程
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="header">领域应用</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.1" data-path="../usecases/">
<a href="../usecases/">
<b>8.1.</b>
领域应用概览
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.2" data-path="../usecases/microservices.html">
<a href="../usecases/microservices.html">
<b>8.2.</b>
微服务架构
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.2.1" data-path="../usecases/service-discovery-in-microservices.html">
<a href="../usecases/service-discovery-in-microservices.html">
<b>8.2.1.</b>
微服务中的服务发现
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.2.2" data-path="../usecases/microservices-for-java-developers.html">
<a href="../usecases/microservices-for-java-developers.html">
<b>8.2.2.</b>
使用 Java 构建微服务并发布到 Kubernetes 平台
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.2.2.1" data-path="../usecases/spring-boot-quick-start-guide.html">
<a href="../usecases/spring-boot-quick-start-guide.html">
<b>8.2.2.1.</b>
Spring Boot 快速开始指南
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.3" data-path="../usecases/big-data.html">
<a href="../usecases/big-data.html">
<b>8.3.</b>
大数据
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.3.1" data-path="../usecases/spark-standalone-on-kubernetes.html">
<a href="../usecases/spark-standalone-on-kubernetes.html">
<b>8.3.1.</b>
Spark standalone on Kubernetes
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.3.2" data-path="../usecases/running-spark-with-kubernetes-native-scheduler.html">
<a href="../usecases/running-spark-with-kubernetes-native-scheduler.html">
<b>8.3.2.</b>
运行支持 Kubernetes 原生调度的 Spark 程序
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.4" data-path="../usecases/serverless.html">
<a href="../usecases/serverless.html">
<b>8.4.</b>
Serverless 架构
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.4.1" data-path="../usecases/understanding-serverless.html">
<a href="../usecases/understanding-serverless.html">
<b>8.4.1.</b>
理解 Serverless
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.4.2" data-path="../usecases/faas.html">
<a href="../usecases/faas.html">
<b>8.4.2.</b>
FaaS函数即服务
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.4.2.1" data-path="../usecases/openfaas-quick-start.html">
<a href="../usecases/openfaas-quick-start.html">
<b>8.4.2.1.</b>
OpenFaaS 快速入门指南
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.4.3" data-path="../usecases/knative.html">
<a href="../usecases/knative.html">
<b>8.4.3.</b>
Knative
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.5" data-path="../usecases/edge-computing.html">
<a href="../usecases/edge-computing.html">
<b>8.5.</b>
边缘计算
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.6" data-path="../usecases/ai.html">
<a href="../usecases/ai.html">
<b>8.6.</b>
人工智能
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.7" data-path="../usecases/observability.html">
<a href="../usecases/observability.html">
<b>8.7.</b>
可观察性
</a>
</li>
<li class="header">开发指南</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.1" data-path="../develop/">
<a href="../develop/">
<b>9.1.</b>
开发指南概览
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.2" data-path="../develop/sigs-and-working-group.html">
<a href="../develop/sigs-and-working-group.html">
<b>9.2.</b>
SIG 和工作组
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.3" data-path="../develop/developing-environment.html">
<a href="../develop/developing-environment.html">
<b>9.3.</b>
开发环境搭建
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.3.1" data-path="../develop/using-vagrant-and-virtualbox-for-development.html">
<a href="../develop/using-vagrant-and-virtualbox-for-development.html">
<b>9.3.1.</b>
本地分布式开发环境搭建(使用 Vagrant 和 Virtualbox
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.4" data-path="../develop/testing.html">
<a href="../develop/testing.html">
<b>9.4.</b>
单元测试和集成测试
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.5" data-path="../develop/client-go-sample.html">
<a href="../develop/client-go-sample.html">
<b>9.5.</b>
client-go 示例
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.5.1" data-path="../develop/client-go-informer-sourcecode-analyse.html">
<a href="../develop/client-go-informer-sourcecode-analyse.html">
<b>9.5.1.</b>
client-go 中的 informer 源码分析
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.6" data-path="../develop/operator.html">
<a href="../develop/operator.html">
<b>9.6.</b>
Operator
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.6.1" data-path="../develop/operator-sdk.html">
<a href="../develop/operator-sdk.html">
<b>9.6.1.</b>
operator-sdk
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.7" data-path="../develop/kubebuilder.html">
<a href="../develop/kubebuilder.html">
<b>9.7.</b>
kubebuilder
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.7.1" data-path="../develop/kubebuilder-example.html">
<a href="../develop/kubebuilder-example.html">
<b>9.7.1.</b>
使用 kubebuilder 创建 operator 示例
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.8" data-path="../develop/advance-developer.html">
<a href="../develop/advance-developer.html">
<b>9.8.</b>
高级开发指南
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.9" data-path="../develop/contribute.html">
<a href="../develop/contribute.html">
<b>9.9.</b>
社区贡献
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.10" data-path="../develop/minikube.html">
<a href="../develop/minikube.html">
<b>9.10.</b>
Minikube
</a>
</li>
<li class="header">社区及生态</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.1" data-path="../cloud-native/cncf.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/cncf.html">
<b>10.1.</b>
云原生计算基金会CNCF
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.1.1" data-path="../cloud-native/cncf-charter.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/cncf-charter.html">
<b>10.1.1.</b>
CNCF 章程
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.1.2" data-path="../cloud-native/cncf-sig.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/cncf-sig.html">
<b>10.1.2.</b>
CNCF 特别兴趣小组SIG说明
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.1.3" data-path="../cloud-native/cncf-sandbox-criteria.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/cncf-sandbox-criteria.html">
<b>10.1.3.</b>
开源项目加入 CNCF Sandbox 的要求
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.1.4" data-path="../cloud-native/cncf-project-governing.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/cncf-project-governing.html">
<b>10.1.4.</b>
CNCF 中的项目治理
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.1.5" data-path="../cloud-native/cncf-ambassador.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/cncf-ambassador.html">
<b>10.1.5.</b>
CNCF Ambassador
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.2" data-path="../cloud-native/cnc.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/cnc.html">
<b>10.2.</b>
云原生社区
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.3" data-path="../cloud-native/certification.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/certification.html">
<b>10.3.</b>
认证及培训
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.3.1" data-path="../appendix/about-kcsp.html">
<a href="../appendix/about-kcsp.html">
<b>10.3.1.</b>
认证 Kubernetes 服务提供商KCSP说明
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.3.2" data-path="../appendix/about-cka-candidate.html">
<a href="../appendix/about-cka-candidate.html">
<b>10.3.2.</b>
认证 Kubernetes 管理员CKA说明
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="header">附录</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.1" data-path="../appendix/">
<a href="../appendix/">
<b>11.1.</b>
附录说明
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.2" data-path="../appendix/debug-kubernetes-services.html">
<a href="../appendix/debug-kubernetes-services.html">
<b>11.2.</b>
Kubernetes 中的应用故障排查
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.3" data-path="../appendix/material-share.html">
<a href="../appendix/material-share.html">
<b>11.3.</b>
Kubernetes 相关资讯和情报链接
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.4" data-path="../appendix/docker-best-practice.html">
<a href="../appendix/docker-best-practice.html">
<b>11.4.</b>
Docker 最佳实践
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.5" data-path="../appendix/tricks.html">
<a href="../appendix/tricks.html">
<b>11.5.</b>
使用技巧
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.6" data-path="../appendix/issues.html">
<a href="../appendix/issues.html">
<b>11.6.</b>
问题记录
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.7" data-path="../appendix/kubernetes-changelog.html">
<a href="../appendix/kubernetes-changelog.html">
<b>11.7.</b>
Kubernetes 版本更新日志
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.8" data-path="../appendix/summary-and-outlook.html">
<a href="../appendix/summary-and-outlook.html">
<b>11.8.</b>
Kubernetes 及云原生年度总结及展望
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.8.1" data-path="../appendix/kubernetes-and-cloud-native-summary-in-2017-and-outlook-for-2018.html">
<a href="../appendix/kubernetes-and-cloud-native-summary-in-2017-and-outlook-for-2018.html">
<b>11.8.1.</b>
Kubernetes 与云原生 2017 年年终总结及 2018 年展望
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.8.2" data-path="../appendix/kubernetes-and-cloud-native-summary-in-2018-and-outlook-for-2019.html">
<a href="../appendix/kubernetes-and-cloud-native-summary-in-2018-and-outlook-for-2019.html">
<b>11.8.2.</b>
Kubernetes 与云原生 2018 年年终总结及 2019 年展望
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.9" data-path="../appendix/cncf-annual-report.html">
<a href="../appendix/cncf-annual-report.html">
<b>11.9.</b>
CNCF 年度报告解读
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.9.1" data-path="../appendix/cncf-annual-report-2018.html">
<a href="../appendix/cncf-annual-report-2018.html">
<b>11.9.1.</b>
CNCF 2018 年年度报告解读
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.9.2" data-path="../appendix/cncf-annual-report-2020.html">
<a href="../appendix/cncf-annual-report-2020.html">
<b>11.9.2.</b>
CNCF 2020 年年度报告解读
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="divider"></li>
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<h1>
<i class="fa fa-circle-o-notch fa-spin"></i>
<a href=".." >TLS Bootstrap</a>
</h1>
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<section class="normal markdown-section">
<h2 id="tls-bootstrap">TLS Bootstrap</h2>
<p>&#x672C;&#x6587;&#x6863;&#x4ECB;&#x7ECD;&#x5982;&#x4F55;&#x4E3A; kubelet &#x8BBE;&#x7F6E; TLS &#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x5F15;&#x5BFC;&#xFF08;bootstrap&#xFF09;&#x3002;</p>
<p>Kubernetes 1.4 &#x5F15;&#x5165;&#x4E86;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x7528;&#x4E8E;&#x4ECE;&#x96C6;&#x7FA4;&#x7EA7;&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x9881;&#x53D1;&#x673A;&#x6784;&#xFF08;CA&#xFF09;&#x8BF7;&#x6C42;&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x7684; API&#x3002;&#x6B64; API &#x7684;&#x539F;&#x59CB;&#x76EE;&#x7684;&#x662F;&#x4E3A; kubelet &#x63D0;&#x4F9B; TLS &#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x3002;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5728; <a href="https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/pull/20439" target="_blank">&#x8FD9;&#x91CC;</a> &#x627E;&#x5230;&#x8BE5;&#x63D0;&#x8BAE;&#xFF0C;&#x5728; <a href="https://github.com/kubernetes/features/issues/43" target="_blank">feature #43</a> &#x8FFD;&#x8E2A;&#x8BE5;&#x529F;&#x80FD;&#x7684;&#x8FDB;&#x5EA6;&#x3002;</p>
<h2 id="kube-apiserver-&#x914D;&#x7F6E;">kube-apiserver &#x914D;&#x7F6E;</h2>
<p>&#x60A8;&#x5FC5;&#x987B;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A; token &#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#xFF0C;&#x8BE5;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x4E2D;&#x6307;&#x5B9A;&#x4E86;&#x81F3;&#x5C11;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5206;&#x914D;&#x7ED9; kubelet &#x7279;&#x5B9A; bootstrap &#x7EC4;&#x7684; &#x201C;bootstrap token&#x201D;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x8BE5;&#x7EC4;&#x5C06;&#x4F5C;&#x4E3A; controller manager &#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x9ED8;&#x8BA4;&#x6279;&#x51C6;&#x63A7;&#x5236;&#x5668;&#x800C;&#x7528;&#x4E8E;&#x5BA1;&#x6279;&#x3002;&#x968F;&#x7740;&#x6B64;&#x529F;&#x80FD;&#x7684;&#x6210;&#x719F;&#xFF0C;&#x60A8;&#x5E94;&#x8BE5;&#x786E;&#x4FDD; token &#x88AB;&#x7ED1;&#x5B9A;&#x5230;&#x57FA;&#x4E8E;&#x89D2;&#x8272;&#x7684;&#x8BBF;&#x95EE;&#x63A7;&#x5236;&#xFF08;RBAC&#xFF09;&#x7B56;&#x7565;&#x4E0A;&#xFF0C;&#x8BE5;&#x7B56;&#x7565;&#x4E25;&#x683C;&#x9650;&#x5236;&#x4E86;&#x4E0E;&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#x76F8;&#x5173;&#x7684;&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x8BF7;&#x6C42;&#xFF08;&#x4F7F;&#x7528; bootstrap token&#xFF09;&#x3002;&#x4F7F;&#x7528; RBAC&#xFF0C;&#x5C06; token &#x8303;&#x56F4;&#x5212;&#x5206;&#x4E3A;&#x7EC4;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5E26;&#x6765;&#x5F88;&#x5927;&#x7684;&#x7075;&#x6D3B;&#x6027;&#xFF08;&#x4F8B;&#x5982;&#xFF0C;&#x5F53;&#x60A8;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#x5B8C;&#x6210;&#x8282;&#x70B9;&#x540E;&#xFF0C;&#x60A8;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x7981;&#x7528;&#x7279;&#x5B9A;&#x5F15;&#x5BFC;&#x7EC4;&#x7684;&#x8BBF;&#x95EE;&#xFF09;&#x3002;</p>
<h3 id="token-&#x8BA4;&#x8BC1;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;">Token &#x8BA4;&#x8BC1;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;</h3>
<p>Token &#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x662F;&#x4EFB;&#x610F;&#x7684;&#xFF0C;&#x4F46;&#x5E94;&#x8BE5;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x8868;&#x793A;&#x4E3A;&#x4ECE;&#x5B89;&#x5168;&#x968F;&#x673A;&#x6570;&#x751F;&#x6210;&#x5668;&#xFF08;&#x4F8B;&#x5982;&#x5927;&#x591A;&#x6570;&#x73B0;&#x4EE3;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x4E2D;&#x7684; /dev/urandom&#xFF09;&#x5BFC;&#x51FA;&#x7684;&#x81F3;&#x5C11;128&#x4F4D;&#x71B5;&#x3002;&#x751F;&#x6210; token &#x6709;&#x5F88;&#x591A;&#x4E2D;&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;&#x3002;&#x4F8B;&#x5982;&#xFF1A;</p>
<p><code>head -c 16 /dev/urandom | od -An -t x | tr -d &apos; &apos;</code></p>
<p>&#x4EA7;&#x751F;&#x7684; token &#x7C7B;&#x4F3C;&#x4E8E;&#x8FD9;&#x6837;&#xFF1A; <code>02b50b05283e98dd0fd71db496ef01e8</code>&#x3002;</p>
<p>Token &#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x5E94;&#x8BE5;&#x7C7B;&#x4F3C;&#x4E8E;&#x4EE5;&#x4E0B;&#x793A;&#x4F8B;&#xFF0C;&#x5176;&#x4E2D;&#x524D;&#x4E09;&#x4E2A;&#x503C;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x662F;&#x4EFB;&#x4F55;&#x503C;&#xFF0C;&#x5F15;&#x7528;&#x7684;&#x7EC4;&#x540D;&#x79F0;&#x5E94;&#x5982;&#x4E0B;&#x6240;&#x793A;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-bash">02b50b05283e98dd0fd71db496ef01e8,kubelet-bootstrap,10001,system:kubelet-bootstrap
</code></pre>
<p>&#x6CE8;&#x610F;&#xFF1A;<code>system:kubelet-bootstrap</code> &#x7684;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#xFF0C;&#x5F53;&#x53EA;&#x6709;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x7EC4;&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;&#x4E0D;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x52A0;&#x5F15;&#x53F7;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x5728; kube-apiserver &#x547D;&#x4EE4;&#x4E2D;&#x6DFB;&#x52A0; <code>--token-auth-file=FILENAME</code> &#x6807;&#x5FD7;&#xFF08;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x5728;&#x60A8;&#x7684; systemd unit &#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x4E2D;&#xFF09;&#x6765;&#x542F;&#x7528; token &#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x67E5;&#x770B; <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/admin/authentication/#static-token-file" target="_blank">&#x8BE5;&#x6587;&#x6863;</a> &#x83B7;&#x53D6;&#x66F4;&#x591A;&#x8BE6;&#x7EC6;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#x3002;</p>
<h3 id="&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;-ca-&#x5305;">&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x8BC1;&#x4E66; CA &#x5305;</h3>
<p>&#x5728; kube-apiserver &#x547D;&#x4EE4;&#x4E2D;&#x6DFB;&#x52A0; <code>--client-ca-file=FILENAME</code> &#x6807;&#x5FD7;&#x542F;&#x7528;&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x8BA4;&#x8BC1;&#xFF0C;&#x6307;&#x5B9A;&#x5305;&#x542B;&#x7B7E;&#x540D;&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x7684;&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x9881;&#x53D1;&#x673A;&#x6784;&#x5305;&#xFF08;&#x4F8B;&#x5982; <code>--client-ca-file=/var/lib/kubernetes/ca.pem</code>&#xFF09;&#x3002;</p>
<h3 id="kube-controller-manager-&#x914D;&#x7F6E;">kube-controller-manager &#x914D;&#x7F6E;</h3>
<p>&#x8BF7;&#x6C42;&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x7684; API &#x5411; Kubernetes controller manager &#x4E2D;&#x6DFB;&#x52A0;&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x9881;&#x53D1;&#x63A7;&#x5236;&#x5FAA;&#x73AF;&#x3002;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x78C1;&#x76D8;&#x4E0A;&#x7684; <a href="https://blog.cloudflare.com/introducing-cfssl/" target="_blank">cfssl</a> &#x672C;&#x5730;&#x7B7E;&#x540D;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x7684;&#x5F62;&#x5F0F;&#x3002;&#x76EE;&#x524D;&#xFF0C;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x53D1;&#x578B;&#x7684;&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x5747;&#x4E3A;&#x4E00;&#x5E74;&#x6709;&#x6548;&#x671F;&#x548C;&#x5E76;&#x5177;&#x6709;&#x4E00;&#x7CFB;&#x5217;&#x5173;&#x952E;&#x7528;&#x9014;&#x3002;</p>
<h3 id="&#x7B7E;&#x540D;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;">&#x7B7E;&#x540D;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;</h3>
<p>&#x60A8;&#x5FC5;&#x987B;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x9881;&#x53D1;&#x673A;&#x6784;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x6837;&#x624D;&#x80FD;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x9881;&#x53D1;&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x6240;&#x9700;&#x7684;&#x5BC6;&#x7801;&#x8D44;&#x6599;&#x3002;</p>
<p>kube-apiserver &#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x6307;&#x5B9A;&#x7684; <code>--client-ca-file=FILENAME</code> &#x6807;&#x5FD7;&#x6765;&#x8BA4;&#x8BC1;&#x548C;&#x91C7;&#x4FE1;&#x8BE5; CA&#x3002;CA &#x7684;&#x7BA1;&#x7406;&#x8D85;&#x51FA;&#x4E86;&#x672C;&#x6587;&#x6863;&#x7684;&#x8303;&#x56F4;&#xFF0C;&#x4F46;&#x5EFA;&#x8BAE;&#x60A8;&#x4E3A; Kubernetes &#x751F;&#x6210;&#x4E13;&#x7528;&#x7684; CA&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x5047;&#x5B9A;&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x548C;&#x5BC6;&#x94A5;&#x90FD;&#x662F; PEM &#x7F16;&#x7801;&#x7684;&#x3002;</p>
<p>Kube-controller-manager &#x6807;&#x5FD7;&#x4E3A;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre class="language-"><code>--cluster-signing-cert-file=&quot;/etc/path/to/kubernetes/ca/ca.crt&quot; --cluster-signing-key-file=&quot;/etc/path/to/kubernetes/ca/ca.key&quot;
</code></pre><h3 id="&#x5BA1;&#x6279;&#x63A7;&#x5236;&#x5668;">&#x5BA1;&#x6279;&#x63A7;&#x5236;&#x5668;</h3>
<p>&#x5728; kubernetes 1.7 &#x7248;&#x672C;&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;&#x5B9E;&#x9A8C;&#x6027;&#x7684; &#x201C;&#x7EC4;&#x81EA;&#x52A8;&#x6279;&#x51C6;&#x201D; &#x63A7;&#x5236;&#x5668;&#x88AB;&#x5F03;&#x7528;&#xFF0C;&#x65B0;&#x7684; <code>csrapproving</code> &#x63A7;&#x5236;&#x5668;&#x5C06;&#x4F5C;&#x4E3A; <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/admin/kube-controller-manager" target="_blank">kube-controller-manager</a> &#x7684;&#x4E00;&#x90E8;&#x5206;&#xFF0C;&#x88AB;&#x9ED8;&#x8BA4;&#x542F;&#x7528;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x63A7;&#x5236;&#x5668;&#x4F7F;&#x7528; <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/admin/authorization/#checking-api-access" target="_blank"><code>SubjectAccessReview</code> API</a> &#x6765;&#x786E;&#x5B9A;&#x7ED9;&#x5B9A;&#x7528;&#x6237;&#x662F;&#x5426;&#x5DF2;&#x88AB;&#x6388;&#x6743;&#x5141;&#x8BB8;&#x8BF7;&#x6C42; CSR&#xFF0C;&#x7136;&#x540E;&#x6839;&#x636E;&#x6388;&#x6743;&#x7ED3;&#x679C;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x6279;&#x51C6;&#x3002;&#x4E3A;&#x4E86;&#x9632;&#x6B62;&#x4E0E;&#x5176;&#x4ED6;&#x6279;&#x51C6;&#x8005;&#x51B2;&#x7A81;&#xFF0C;&#x5185;&#x7F6E;&#x5BA1;&#x6279;&#x8005;&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x660E;&#x786E;&#x5730;&#x62D2;&#x7EDD; CSR&#xFF0C;&#x53EA;&#x662F;&#x5FFD;&#x7565;&#x672A;&#x7ECF;&#x6388;&#x6743;&#x7684;&#x8BF7;&#x6C42;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x63A7;&#x5236;&#x5668;&#x5C06; CSR &#x5206;&#x4E3A;&#x4E09;&#x4E2A;&#x5B50;&#x8D44;&#x6E90;&#xFF1A;</p>
<ol>
<li><code>nodeclient</code> &#xFF1A;&#x7528;&#x6237;&#x7684;&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x8BA4;&#x8BC1;&#x8BF7;&#x6C42; <code>O=system:nodes</code>&#xFF0C; <code>CN=system:node:(node name)</code>&#x3002;</li>
<li><code>selfnodeclient</code>&#xFF1A;&#x66F4;&#x65B0;&#x5177;&#x6709;&#x76F8;&#x540C; <code>O</code> &#x548C; <code>CN</code> &#x7684;&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x7684;&#x8282;&#x70B9;&#x3002;</li>
<li><code>selfnodeserver</code>&#xFF1A;&#x66F4;&#x65B0;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x7684;&#x8282;&#x70B9;&#xFF08;ALPHA&#xFF0C;&#x9700;&#x8981; feature gate&#xFF09;&#x3002;</li>
</ol>
<p>&#x5F53;&#x524D;&#xFF0C;&#x786E;&#x5B9A; CSR &#x662F;&#x5426;&#x4E3A; <code>selfnodeserver</code> &#x8BF7;&#x6C42;&#x7684;&#x68C0;&#x67E5;&#x4E0E; kubelet &#x7684;&#x51ED;&#x636E;&#x8F6E;&#x6362;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#xFF08;Alpha &#x529F;&#x80FD;&#xFF09;&#x76F8;&#x5173;&#x8054;&#x3002;&#x56E0;&#x6B64;&#xFF0C;<code>selfnodeserver</code> &#x7684;&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;&#x5C06;&#x6765;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x4F1A;&#x6539;&#x53D8;&#xFF0C;&#x5E76;&#x4E14;&#x9700;&#x8981; Controller Manager &#x4E0A;&#x7684;<code>RotateKubeletServerCertificate</code> feature gate&#x3002;&#x8BE5;&#x529F;&#x80FD;&#x7684;&#x8FDB;&#x5C55;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5728; <a href="https://github.com/kubernetes/features/issues/267" target="_blank">kubernetes/feature/#267</a> &#x4E0A;&#x8FFD;&#x8E2A;&#x3002;</p>
<pre class="language-"><code>--feature-gates=RotateKubeletServerCertificate=true
</code></pre><p>&#x4EE5;&#x4E0B; RBAC <code>ClusterRoles</code> &#x4EE3;&#x8868; <code>nodeClient</code>&#x3001;<code>selfnodeclient</code> &#x548C; <code>selfnodeserver</code> &#x529F;&#x80FD;&#x3002;&#x5728;&#x4EE5;&#x540E;&#x7684;&#x7248;&#x672C;&#x4E2D;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x4F1A;&#x81EA;&#x52A8;&#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#x7C7B;&#x4F3C;&#x7684;&#x89D2;&#x8272;&#x3002;</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-yaml"><span class="token comment"># A ClusterRole which instructs the CSR approver to approve a user requesting</span>
<span class="token comment"># node client credentials.</span>
<span class="token key atrule">kind</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> ClusterRole
<span class="token key atrule">apiVersion</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
<span class="token key atrule">metadata</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token key atrule">name</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> approve<span class="token punctuation">-</span>node<span class="token punctuation">-</span>client<span class="token punctuation">-</span>csr
<span class="token key atrule">rules</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token punctuation">-</span> <span class="token key atrule">apiGroups</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;certificates.k8s.io&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token key atrule">resources</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;certificatesigningrequests/nodeclient&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token key atrule">verbs</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;create&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token punctuation">---</span>
<span class="token comment"># A ClusterRole which instructs the CSR approver to approve a node renewing its</span>
<span class="token comment"># own client credentials.</span>
<span class="token key atrule">kind</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> ClusterRole
<span class="token key atrule">apiVersion</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
<span class="token key atrule">metadata</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token key atrule">name</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> approve<span class="token punctuation">-</span>node<span class="token punctuation">-</span>client<span class="token punctuation">-</span>renewal<span class="token punctuation">-</span>csr
<span class="token key atrule">rules</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token punctuation">-</span> <span class="token key atrule">apiGroups</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;certificates.k8s.io&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token key atrule">resources</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;certificatesigningrequests/selfnodeclient&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token key atrule">verbs</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;create&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token punctuation">---</span>
<span class="token comment"># A ClusterRole which instructs the CSR approver to approve a node requesting a</span>
<span class="token comment"># serving cert matching its client cert.</span>
<span class="token key atrule">kind</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> ClusterRole
<span class="token key atrule">apiVersion</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
<span class="token key atrule">metadata</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token key atrule">name</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> approve<span class="token punctuation">-</span>node<span class="token punctuation">-</span>server<span class="token punctuation">-</span>renewal<span class="token punctuation">-</span>csr
<span class="token key atrule">rules</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token punctuation">-</span> <span class="token key atrule">apiGroups</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;certificates.k8s.io&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token key atrule">resources</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;certificatesigningrequests/selfnodeserver&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token key atrule">verbs</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;create&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
</code></pre>
<p>&#x8FD9;&#x4E9B;&#x6743;&#x529B;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x6388;&#x4E88;&#x7ED9;&#x51ED;&#x8BC1;&#xFF0C;&#x5982; bootstrap token&#x3002;&#x4F8B;&#x5982;&#xFF0C;&#x8981;&#x590D;&#x5236;&#x7531;&#x5DF2;&#x88AB;&#x79FB;&#x9664;&#x7684;&#x81EA;&#x52A8;&#x6279;&#x51C6;&#x6807;&#x5FD7;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x7684;&#x884C;&#x4E3A;&#xFF0C;&#x7531;&#x5355;&#x4E2A;&#x7EC4;&#x6279;&#x51C6;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x7684; CSR&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre class="language-"><code># REMOVED: This flag no longer works as of 1.7.
--insecure-experimental-approve-all-kubelet-csrs-for-group=&quot;kubelet-bootstrap-token&quot;
</code></pre><p>&#x7BA1;&#x7406;&#x5458;&#x5C06;&#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A; <code>ClusterRoleBinding</code> &#x6765;&#x5B9A;&#x4F4D;&#x8BE5;&#x7EC4;&#x3002;</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-yaml"><span class="token comment"># Approve all CSRs for the group &quot;kubelet-bootstrap-token&quot;</span>
<span class="token key atrule">kind</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> ClusterRoleBinding
<span class="token key atrule">apiVersion</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
<span class="token key atrule">metadata</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token key atrule">name</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> auto<span class="token punctuation">-</span>approve<span class="token punctuation">-</span>csrs<span class="token punctuation">-</span>for<span class="token punctuation">-</span>group
<span class="token key atrule">subjects</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token punctuation">-</span> <span class="token key atrule">kind</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> Group
<span class="token key atrule">name</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> kubelet<span class="token punctuation">-</span>bootstrap<span class="token punctuation">-</span>token
<span class="token key atrule">apiGroup</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> rbac.authorization.k8s.io
<span class="token key atrule">roleRef</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token key atrule">kind</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> ClusterRole
<span class="token key atrule">name</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> approve<span class="token punctuation">-</span>node<span class="token punctuation">-</span>client<span class="token punctuation">-</span>csr
<span class="token key atrule">apiGroup</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> rbac.authorization.k8s.io
</code></pre>
<p>&#x8981;&#x8BA9;&#x8282;&#x70B9;&#x66F4;&#x65B0;&#x81EA;&#x5DF1;&#x7684;&#x51ED;&#x636E;&#xFF0C;&#x7BA1;&#x7406;&#x5458;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x6784;&#x9020;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A; <code>ClusterRoleBinding</code> &#x6765;&#x5B9A;&#x4F4D;&#x8BE5;&#x8282;&#x70B9;&#x7684;&#x51ED;&#x636E;&#x3002;</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-yaml"><span class="token key atrule">kind</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> ClusterRoleBinding
<span class="token key atrule">apiVersion</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
<span class="token key atrule">metadata</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token key atrule">name</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> node1<span class="token punctuation">-</span>client<span class="token punctuation">-</span>cert<span class="token punctuation">-</span>renewal
<span class="token key atrule">subjects</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token punctuation">-</span> <span class="token key atrule">kind</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> User
<span class="token key atrule">name</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> system<span class="token punctuation">:</span>node<span class="token punctuation">:</span>node<span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token comment"># Let &quot;node-1&quot; renew its client certificate.</span>
<span class="token key atrule">apiGroup</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> rbac.authorization.k8s.io
<span class="token key atrule">roleRef</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token key atrule">kind</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> ClusterRole
<span class="token key atrule">name</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> approve<span class="token punctuation">-</span>node<span class="token punctuation">-</span>client<span class="token punctuation">-</span>renewal<span class="token punctuation">-</span>csr
<span class="token key atrule">apiGroup</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> rbac.authorization.k8s.io
</code></pre>
<p>&#x5220;&#x9664;&#x8BE5;&#x7ED1;&#x5B9A;&#x5C06;&#x4F1A;&#x963B;&#x6B62;&#x8282;&#x70B9;&#x66F4;&#x65B0;&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x51ED;&#x636E;&#xFF0C;&#x4E00;&#x65E6;&#x5176;&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x5230;&#x671F;&#xFF0C;&#x5B9E;&#x9645;&#x4E0A;&#x5C31;&#x4F1A;&#x5C06;&#x5176;&#x4ECE;&#x96C6;&#x7FA4;&#x4E2D;&#x5220;&#x9664;&#x3002;</p>
<h2 id="kubelet-&#x914D;&#x7F6E;">kubelet &#x914D;&#x7F6E;</h2>
<p>&#x8981;&#x5411; kube-apiserver &#x8BF7;&#x6C42;&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#xFF0C;kubelet &#x9996;&#x5148;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5305;&#x542B; bootstrap &#x8EAB;&#x4EFD;&#x9A8C;&#x8BC1; token &#x7684; kubeconfig &#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x8DEF;&#x5F84;&#x3002;&#x60A8;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x4F7F;&#x7528; <code>kubectl config set-cluster</code>&#xFF0C;<code>set-credentials</code> &#x548C; <code>set-context</code> &#x6765;&#x6784;&#x5EFA;&#x6B64; kubeconfig &#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x3002;&#x4E3A; <code>kubectl config set-credentials</code> &#x63D0;&#x4F9B; <code>kubelet-bootstrap</code> &#x7684;&#x540D;&#x79F0;&#xFF0C;&#x5E76;&#x5305;&#x542B; <code>--token = <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>token-value</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span></code>&#xFF0C;&#x5982;&#x4E0B;&#x6240;&#x793A;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-bash">kubectl config set-credentials kubelet-bootstrap --token<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token variable">${BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN}</span> --kubeconfig<span class="token operator">=</span>bootstrap.kubeconfig
</code></pre>
<p>&#x542F;&#x52A8; kubelet &#x65F6;&#xFF0C;&#x5982;&#x679C; <code>--kubeconfig</code> &#x6307;&#x5B9A;&#x7684;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x4E0D;&#x5B58;&#x5728;&#xFF0C;&#x5219;&#x4F7F;&#x7528; bootstrap kubeconfig &#x5411; API server &#x8BF7;&#x6C42;&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x3002;&#x5728;&#x6279;&#x51C6; <code>kubelet</code> &#x7684;&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x8BF7;&#x6C42;&#x548C;&#x56DE;&#x6267;&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;&#x5C06;&#x5305;&#x542B;&#x4E86;&#x751F;&#x6210;&#x7684;&#x5BC6;&#x94A5;&#x548C;&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x7684; kubeconfig &#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x5199;&#x5165;&#x7531; <code>-kubeconfig</code> &#x6307;&#x5B9A;&#x7684;&#x8DEF;&#x5F84;&#x3002;&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x548C;&#x5BC6;&#x94A5;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x5C06;&#x88AB;&#x653E;&#x7F6E;&#x5728;&#x7531; <code>--cert-dir</code> &#x6307;&#x5B9A;&#x7684;&#x76EE;&#x5F55;&#x4E2D;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x542F;&#x52A8; kubelet &#x65F6;&#x542F;&#x7528; bootstrap &#x7528;&#x5230;&#x7684;&#x6807;&#x5FD7;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-bash">--experimental-bootstrap-kubeconfig<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">&quot;/path/to/bootstrap/kubeconfig&quot;</span>
</code></pre>
<p>&#x6B64;&#x5916;&#xFF0C;&#x5728;1.7&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;kubelet &#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x4E86; <strong>Alpha</strong> &#x529F;&#x80FD;&#xFF0C;&#x4F7F;&#x5176;&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x548C;/&#x6216;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x5668;&#x90FD;&#x80FD;&#x8F6E;&#x8F6C;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5206;&#x522B;&#x901A;&#x8FC7; kubelet &#x4E2D;&#x7684; <code>RotateKubeletClientCertificate</code> &#x548C; <code>RotateKubeletServerCertificate</code> &#x529F;&#x80FD;&#x6807;&#x5FD7;&#x542F;&#x7528;&#x6B64;&#x529F;&#x80FD;&#xFF0C;&#x4F46;&#x5728;&#x672A;&#x6765;&#x7248;&#x672C;&#x4E2D;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x4F1A;&#x4EE5;&#x5411;&#x540E;&#x517C;&#x5BB9;&#x7684;&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;&#x53D1;&#x751F;&#x53D8;&#x5316;&#x3002;</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-bash">--feature-gates<span class="token operator">=</span>RotateKubeletClientCertificate<span class="token operator">=</span>true,RotateKubeletServerCertificate<span class="token operator">=</span>true
</code></pre>
<p><code>RotateKubeletClientCertificate</code> &#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x8BA9; kubelet &#x5728;&#x5176;&#x73B0;&#x6709;&#x51ED;&#x636E;&#x5230;&#x671F;&#x65F6;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#x65B0;&#x7684; CSR &#x6765;&#x8F6E;&#x6362;&#x5176;&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x3002; <code>RotateKubeletServerCertificate</code> &#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x8BA9; kubelet &#x5728;&#x5176;&#x5F15;&#x5BFC;&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x51ED;&#x636E;&#x540E;&#x8FD8;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x8BF7;&#x6C42;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#xFF0C;&#x5E76;&#x8F6E;&#x6362;&#x8BE5;&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x3002;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x76EE;&#x524D;&#x4E0D;&#x8981;&#x6C42; DNS &#x6216; IP SANs&#x3002;</p>
<h2 id="kubectl-&#x5BA1;&#x6279;">kubectl &#x5BA1;&#x6279;</h2>
<p>&#x7B7E;&#x540D;&#x63A7;&#x5236;&#x5668;&#x4E0D;&#x4F1A;&#x7ACB;&#x5373;&#x7B7E;&#x7F72;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x8BF7;&#x6C42;&#x3002;&#x76F8;&#x53CD;&#xFF0C;&#x5B83;&#x4F1A;&#x4E00;&#x76F4;&#x7B49;&#x5F85;&#x76F4;&#x5230;&#x9002;&#x5F53;&#x7279;&#x6743;&#x7684;&#x7528;&#x6237;&#x88AB;&#x6807;&#x8BB0;&#x4E3A; &#x201C;&#x5DF2;&#x6279;&#x51C6;&#x201D; &#x72B6;&#x6001;&#x3002;&#x8FD9;&#x6700;&#x7EC8;&#x5C06;&#x662F;&#x7531;&#x5916;&#x90E8;&#x5BA1;&#x6279;&#x63A7;&#x5236;&#x5668;&#x6765;&#x5904;&#x7406;&#x7684;&#x81EA;&#x52A8;&#x5316;&#x8FC7;&#x7A0B;&#xFF0C;&#x4F46;&#x662F;&#x5BF9;&#x4E8E; alpha &#x7248;&#x672C;&#x7684; API &#x6765;&#x8BF4;&#xFF0C;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x7531;&#x96C6;&#x7FA4;&#x7BA1;&#x7406;&#x5458;&#x901A;&#x8FC7; kubectl &#x547D;&#x4EE4;&#x624B;&#x52A8;&#x5B8C;&#x6210;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x7BA1;&#x7406;&#x5458;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x4F7F;&#x7528; <code>kubectl get csr</code> &#x547D;&#x4EE4;&#x5217;&#x51FA;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x7684; CSR&#xFF0C;&#x4F7F;&#x7528; <code>kubectl describe csr <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>name</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span></code> &#x547D;&#x4EE4;&#x63CF;&#x8FF0;&#x67D0;&#x4E2A; CSR&#x7684;&#x8BE6;&#x7EC6;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#x3002;&#x5728; 1.6 &#x7248;&#x672C;&#x4EE5;&#x524D;&#xFF0C;<a href="https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/issues/30163" target="_blank">&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x76F4;&#x63A5;&#x7684;&#x6279;&#x51C6;/&#x62D2;&#x7EDD;&#x547D;&#x4EE4;</a> &#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x6B64;&#x5BA1;&#x6279;&#x8005;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x76F4;&#x63A5;&#x66F4;&#x65B0; Status &#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#xFF08;<a href="https://github.com/gtank/csrctl" target="_blank">&#x67E5;&#x770B;&#x5982;&#x4F55;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;</a>&#xFF09;&#x3002;&#x6B64;&#x540E;&#x7684; Kubernetes &#x7248;&#x672C;&#x4E2D;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x4E86; <code>kubectl certificate approve <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>name</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span></code> &#x548C; <code>kubectl certificate deny <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>name</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span></code> &#x547D;&#x4EE4;&#x3002;</p>
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