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序言
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1. Kubernetes与云原生应用概览
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2. 概念原理
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2.1 设计理念
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2.2 Objects
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2.2.1 Pod
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2.2.1.1 Pod解析
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2.2.1.2 Init容器
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2.2.1.3 Pod安全策略
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2.2.1.4 Pod的生命周期
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2.2.2 Node
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2.2.3 Namespace
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2.2.4 Service
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2.2.5 Volume和Persistent Volume
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2.2.6 Deployment
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2.2.7 Secret
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2.2.8 StatefulSet
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2.2.9 DaemonSet
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2.2.10 ServiceAccount
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2.2.11 ReplicationController和ReplicaSet
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2.2.12 Job
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2.2.13 CronJob
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2.2.14 Ingress
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2.2.15 ConfigMap
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2.2.16 Horizontal Pod Autoscaling
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2.2.17 Label
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2.2.18 垃圾收集
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2.2.19 NetworkPolicy
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3. 用户指南
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3.1 资源对象配置
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3.1.1 配置Pod的liveness和readiness探针
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3.1.2 配置Pod的Service Account
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3.1.3 Secret配置
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3.2.3 管理namespace中的资源配额
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3.2 命令使用
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3.2.1 docker用户过度到kubectl命令行指南
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3.2.2 kubectl命令概览
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3.2.3 kubectl命令技巧大全
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3.3 集群安全性管理
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3.3.1 管理集群中的TLS
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3.3.2 kubelet的认证授权
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3.3.3 TLS bootstrap
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3.3.4 创建用户认证授权的kubeconfig文件
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3.3.5 RBAC——基于角色的访问控制
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3.3.6 IP伪装代理
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3.4 访问 Kubernetes 集群
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3.4.1 访问集群
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3.4.2 使用 kubeconfig 文件配置跨集群认证
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3.4.3 通过端口转发访问集群中的应用程序
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3.4.4 使用 service 访问群集中的应用程序
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3.5 在kubernetes中开发部署应用
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3.5.1 适用于kubernetes的应用开发部署流程
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3.5.2 迁移传统应用到kubernetes中——以Hadoop YARN为例
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3.5.3 使用StatefulSet部署用状态应用
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4. 最佳实践
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4.1 在CentOS上部署kubernetes1.6集群
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4.1.1 创建TLS证书和秘钥
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4.1.2 创建kubeconfig文件
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4.1.3 创建高可用etcd集群
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4.1.4 安装kubectl命令行工具
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< a href = "../practice/master-installation.html" >
4.1.5 部署master节点
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< a href = "../practice/node-installation.html" >
4.1.6 部署node节点
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4.1.7 安装kubedns插件
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4.1.8 安装dashboard插件
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4.1.9 安装heapster插件
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4.1.10 安装EFK插件
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4.2 服务发现与负载均衡
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4.2.1 安装Traefik ingress
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4.2.2 分布式负载测试
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4.2.3 网络和集群性能测试
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4.2.4 边缘节点配置
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< a href = "../practice/nginx-ingress-installation.html" >
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4.2.5 安装Nginx ingress
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4.3 运维管理
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4.3.1 服务滚动升级
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4.3.2 应用日志收集
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4.3.3 配置最佳实践
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4.3.4 集群及应用监控
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4.3.6 数据持久化问题
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< a href = "../practice/manage-compute-resources-container.html" >
4.3.7 管理容器的计算资源
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4.3.8 使用Prometheus监控kubernetes集群
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< a href = "../practice/using-heapster-to-get-object-metrics.html" >
4.3.9 使用Heapster获取集群和对象的metric数据
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4.4 存储管理
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4.4.1 GlusterFS
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4.4.1.1 使用GlusterFS做持久化存储
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< a href = "../practice/storage-for-containers-using-glusterfs-with-openshift.html" >
4.4.1.2 在OpenShift中使用GlusterFS做持久化存储
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4.4.2 CephFS
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< a href = "../practice/using-ceph-for-persistent-storage.html" >
4.4.2.1 使用Ceph做持久化存储
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< a href = "../practice/services-management-tool.html" >
4.5 服务编排管理
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< a href = "../practice/helm.html" >
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4.5.1 使用Helm管理kubernetes应用
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4.5.2 构建私有Chart仓库
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4.6 持续集成与发布
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4.6.1 使用Jenkins进行持续集成与发布
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4.6.2 使用Drone进行持续集成与发布
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4.7 更新与升级
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4.7.1 手动升级kubernetes集群
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4.7.2 升级dashboard
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5. 领域应用
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< a href = "../usecases/microservices.html" >
5.1 微服务架构
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< a href = "../usecases/service-discovery-in-microservices.html" >
5.1.1 微服务中的服务发现
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< a href = "../usecases/service-mesh.html" >
5.2 Service Mesh 服务网格
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< a href = "../usecases/istio.html" >
5.1.1 Istio
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< a href = "../usecases/istio-installation.html" >
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5.1.1.1 安装并试用Istio service mesh
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< a href = "../usecases/configuring-request-routing.html" >
5.1.1.2 配置请求的路由规则
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5.1.1.3 安装和拓展Istio service mesh
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5.1.1.4 集成虚拟机
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< a href = "../usecases/linkerd.html" >
5.1.2 Linkerd
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< a href = "../usecases/linkerd-user-guide.html" >
5.1.2.1 Linkerd 使用指南
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5.2 大数据
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< a href = "../usecases/spark-standalone-on-kubernetes.html" >
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5.2.1 Spark standalone on Kubernetes
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.6.3.2" data-path = "../usecases/running-spark-with-kubernetes-native-scheduler.html" >
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< a href = "../usecases/running-spark-with-kubernetes-native-scheduler.html" >
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5.2.2 运行支持kubernetes原生调度的Spark程序
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< a href = "../usecases/serverless.html" >
5.3 Serverless架构
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< a href = "../usecases/edge-computing.html" >
5.4 边缘计算
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6. 开发指南
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6.1 开发环境搭建
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6.2 单元测试和集成测试
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6.3 client-go示例
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6.4 社区贡献
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6.5 Minikube
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7. 附录
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7.1 Docker最佳实践
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7.2 问题记录
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7.3 使用技巧
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7.4 kubernetes中的应用故障排查
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7.5 Kubernetes相关资讯和情报链接
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< a href = ".." > 3.3.2 kubelet的认证授权< / a >
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< h1 id = "kublet的认证授权" > Kublet的 认 证 授 权 < / h1 >
< h2 id = "概览" > 概 览 < / h2 >
< p > Kubelet 的 HTTPS 端 点 对 外 暴 露 了 用 于 访 问 不 同 敏 感 程 度 数 据 的 API， 并 允 许 您 在 节 点 或 者 容 器 内 执 行 不 同 权 限 级 别 的 操 作 。 < / p >
< p > 本 文 档 向 您 描 述 如 何 通 过 认 证 授 权 来 访 问 kubelet 的 HTTPS 端 点 。 < / p >
< h2 id = "kubelet-认证" > Kubelet 认 证 < / h2 >
< p > 默 认 情 况 下 ， 所 有 未 被 配 置 的 其 他 身 份 验 证 方 法 拒 绝 的 ， 对 kubelet 的 HTTPS 端 点 的 请 求 将 被 视 为 匿 名 请 求 ， 并 被 授 予 < code > system:anonymous< / code > 用 户 名 和 < code > system:unauthenticated< / code > 组 。 < / p >
< p > 如 果 要 禁 用 匿 名 访 问 并 发 送 < code > 401 Unauthorized< / code > 的 未 经 身 份 验 证 的 请 求 的 响 应 ： < / p >
< ul >
< li > 启 动 kubelet 时 指 定 < code > --anonymous-auth=false< / code > 标 志 < / li >
< / ul >
< p > 如 果 要 对 kubelet 的 HTTPS 端 点 启 用 X509 客 户 端 证 书 身 份 验 证 ： < / p >
< ul >
< li > 启 动 kubelet 时 指 定 < code > --client-ca-file< / code > 标 志 ， 提 供 CA bundle 以 验 证 客 户 端 证 书 < / li >
< li > 启 动 apiserver 时 指 定 < code > --kubelet-client-certificate< / code > 和 < code > --kubelet-client-key< / code > 标 志 < / li >
< li > 参 阅 < a href = "https://kubernetes.io/docs/admin/authentication/#x509-client-certs" target = "_blank" > apiserver 认 证 文 档 < / a > 获 取 更 多 详 细 信 息 。 < / li >
< / ul >
< p > 启 用 API bearer token（ 包 括 service account token） 用 于 向 kubelet 的 HTTPS 端 点 进 行 身 份 验 证 ： < / p >
< ul >
< li > 确 保 在 API server 中 开 启 了 < code > authentication.k8s.io/v1beta1< / code > API 组 。 < / li >
< li > 启 动 kubelet 时 指 定 < code > --authentication-token-webhook< / code > ， < code > --kubeconfig< / code > 和 < code > --require-kubeconfig< / code > 标 志 < / li >
< li > Kubelet 在 配 置 的 API server 上 调 用 < code > TokenReview< / code > API 以 确 定 来 自 bearer token 的 用 户 信 息 < / li >
< / ul >
< h2 id = "kubelet-授权" > Kubelet 授 权 < / h2 >
< p > 接 着 对 任 何 成 功 验 证 的 请 求 （ 包 括 匿 名 请 求 ） 授 权 。 默 认 授 权 模 式 为 < code > AlwaysAllow< / code > ， 允 许 所 有 请 求 。 < / p >
< p > 细 分 访 问 kubelet API 有 很 多 原 因 ： < / p >
< ul >
< li > 启 用 匿 名 认 证 ， 但 匿 名 用 户 调 用 kubelet API 的 能 力 应 受 到 限 制 < / li >
< li > 启 动 bearer token 认 证 ， 但 是 API 用 户 （ 如 service account） 调 用 kubelet API 的 能 力 应 受 到 限 制 < / li >
< li > 客 户 端 证 书 身 份 验 证 已 启 用 ， 但 只 有 那 些 配 置 了 CA 签 名 的 客 户 端 证 书 的 用 户 才 可 以 使 用 kubelet API< / li >
< / ul >
< p > 如 果 要 细 分 访 问 kubelet API， 将 授 权 委 托 给 API server： < / p >
< ul >
< li > 确 保 API server 中 启 用 了 < code > authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1< / code > API 组 < / li >
< li > 启 动 kubelet 时 指 定 < code > --authorization-mode=Webhook< / code > 、 < code > --kubeconfig< / code > 和 < code > --require-kubeconfig< / code > 标 志 < / li >
< li > kubelet 在 配 置 的 API server 上 调 用 < code > SubjectAccessReview< / code > API， 以 确 定 每 个 请 求 是 否 被 授 权 < / li >
< / ul >
< p > kubelet 使 用 与 apiserver 相 同 的 < a href = "https://kubernetes.io/docs/admin/authorization/#request-attributes" target = "_blank" > 请 求 属 性 < / a > 方 法 来 授 权 API 请 求 。 < / p >
< p > Verb（ 动 词 ） 是 根 据 传 入 的 请 求 的 HTTP 动 词 确 定 的 ： < / p >
< table >
< thead >
< tr >
< th > HTTP 动 词 < / th >
< th > request 动 词 < / th >
< / tr >
< / thead >
< tbody >
< tr >
< td > POST< / td >
< td > create< / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > GET, HEAD< / td >
< td > get< / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > PUT< / td >
< td > update< / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > PATCH< / td >
< td > patch< / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > DELETE< / td >
< td > delete< / td >
< / tr >
< / tbody >
< / table >
< p > 资 源 和 子 资 源 根 据 传 入 请 求 的 路 径 确 定 ： < / p >
< table >
< thead >
< tr >
< th > Kubelet API< / th >
< th > 资 源 < / th >
< th > 子 资 源 < / th >
< / tr >
< / thead >
< tbody >
< tr >
< td > /stats/*< / td >
< td > nodes< / td >
< td > stats< / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > /metrics/*< / td >
< td > nodes< / td >
< td > metrics< / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > /logs/*< / td >
< td > nodes< / td >
< td > log< / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > /spec/*< / td >
< td > nodes< / td >
< td > spec< / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > < em > all others< / em > < / td >
< td > nodes< / td >
< td > proxy< / td >
< / tr >
< / tbody >
< / table >
< p > Namespace 和 API 组 属 性 总 是 空 字 符 串 ， 资 源 的 名 字 总 是 kubelet 的 < code > Node< / code > API 对 象 的 名 字 。 < / p >
< p > 当 以 该 模 式 运 行 时 ， 请 确 保 用 户 为 apiserver 指 定 了 < code > --kubelet-client-certificate< / code > 和 < code > --kubelet-client-key< / code > 标 志 并 授 权 了 如 下 属 性 ： < / p >
< ul >
< li > verb=*, resource=nodes, subresource=proxy< / li >
< li > verb=*, resource=nodes, subresource=stats< / li >
< li > verb=*, resource=nodes, subresource=log< / li >
< li > verb=*, resource=nodes, subresource=spec< / li >
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< li > verb=*, resource=nodes, subresource=metrics < / li >
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< / ul >
2017-10-09 15:28:05 +08:00
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