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序言
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1. Kubernetes与云原生应用概览
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2. 概念原理
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2.1 设计理念
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2.2 Objects
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2.2.1 Pod
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2.2.1.1 Pod解析
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2.2.1.2 Init容器
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2.2.1.3 Pod安全策略
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2.2.1.4 Pod的生命周期
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2.2.2 Node
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2.2.3 Namespace
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2.2.4 Service
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2.2.5 Volume和Persistent Volume
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2.2.6 Deployment
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2.2.7 Secret
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2.2.8 StatefulSet
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2.2.9 DaemonSet
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2.2.10 ServiceAccount
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2.2.11 ReplicationController和ReplicaSet
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2.2.12 Job
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2.2.13 CronJob
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2.2.14 Ingress
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2.2.15 ConfigMap
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2.2.16 Horizontal Pod Autoscaling
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2.2.17 Label
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2.2.18 垃圾收集
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2.2.19 NetworkPolicy
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3. 用户指南
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3.1 资源对象配置
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3.1.1 配置Pod的liveness和readiness探针
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3.1.2 配置Pod的Service Account
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3.1.3 Secret配置
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3.2.3 管理namespace中的资源配额
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3.2 命令使用
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3.2.1 docker用户过度到kubectl命令行指南
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3.2.2 kubectl命令概览
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3.2.3 kubectl命令技巧大全
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3.3 集群安全性管理
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3.3.1 管理集群中的TLS
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3.3.2 kubelet的认证授权
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3.3.3 TLS bootstrap
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3.3.4 创建用户认证授权的kubeconfig文件
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3.3.5 RBAC——基于角色的访问控制
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3.3.6 IP伪装代理
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3.4 访问 Kubernetes 集群
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3.4.1 访问集群
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3.4.2 使用 kubeconfig 文件配置跨集群认证
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3.4.3 通过端口转发访问集群中的应用程序
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3.4.4 使用 service 访问群集中的应用程序
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3.5 在kubernetes中开发部署应用
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3.5.1 适用于kubernetes的应用开发部署流程
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3.5.2 迁移传统应用到kubernetes中——以Hadoop YARN为例
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3.5.3 使用StatefulSet部署用状态应用
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4. 最佳实践
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4.1 在CentOS上部署kubernetes1.6集群
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4.1.1 创建TLS证书和秘钥
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4.1.2 创建kubeconfig文件
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< a href = "../practice/etcd-cluster-installation.html" >
4.1.3 创建高可用etcd集群
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< a href = "../practice/kubectl-installation.html" >
4.1.4 安装kubectl命令行工具
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< a href = "../practice/master-installation.html" >
4.1.5 部署master节点
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< a href = "../practice/node-installation.html" >
4.1.6 部署node节点
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< a href = "../practice/kubedns-addon-installation.html" >
4.1.7 安装kubedns插件
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4.1.8 安装dashboard插件
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4.1.9 安装heapster插件
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4.1.10 安装EFK插件
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4.2 服务发现与负载均衡
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4.2.1 安装Traefik ingress
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4.2.2 分布式负载测试
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4.2.3 网络和集群性能测试
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4.2.4 边缘节点配置
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< a href = "../practice/nginx-ingress-installation.html" >
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4.2.5 安装Nginx ingress
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4.3 运维管理
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4.3.1 服务滚动升级
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4.3.2 应用日志收集
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< a href = "../practice/configuration-best-practice.html" >
4.3.3 配置最佳实践
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4.3.4 集群及应用监控
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4.3.6 数据持久化问题
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< a href = "../practice/manage-compute-resources-container.html" >
4.3.7 管理容器的计算资源
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< a href = "../practice/using-prometheus-to-monitor-kuberentes-cluster.html" >
4.3.8 使用Prometheus监控kubernetes集群
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< a href = "../practice/using-heapster-to-get-object-metrics.html" >
4.3.9 使用Heapster获取集群和对象的metric数据
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4.4 存储管理
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4.4.1 GlusterFS
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4.4.1.1 使用GlusterFS做持久化存储
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< a href = "../practice/storage-for-containers-using-glusterfs-with-openshift.html" >
4.4.1.2 在OpenShift中使用GlusterFS做持久化存储
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4.4.2 CephFS
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< a href = "../practice/using-ceph-for-persistent-storage.html" >
4.4.2.1 使用Ceph做持久化存储
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< a href = "../practice/services-management-tool.html" >
4.5 服务编排管理
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< a href = "../practice/helm.html" >
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4.5.1 使用Helm管理kubernetes应用
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4.5.2 构建私有Chart仓库
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4.6 持续集成与发布
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4.6.1 使用Jenkins进行持续集成与发布
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< a href = "../practice/drone-ci-cd.html" >
4.6.2 使用Drone进行持续集成与发布
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4.7 更新与升级
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4.7.1 手动升级kubernetes集群
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4.7.2 升级dashboard
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< a href = "../usecases/" >
5. 领域应用
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< a href = "../usecases/microservices.html" >
5.1 微服务架构
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< a href = "../usecases/service-discovery-in-microservices.html" >
5.1.1 微服务中的服务发现
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< a href = "../usecases/service-mesh.html" >
5.2 Service Mesh 服务网格
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< a href = "../usecases/istio.html" >
5.1.1 Istio
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5.1.1.1 安装istio
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< a href = "../usecases/configuring-request-routing.html" >
5.1.1.2 配置请求的路由规则
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< a href = "../usecases/linkerd.html" >
5.1.2 Linkerd
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.6.2.2.1" data-path = "../usecases/linkerd-user-guide.html" >
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< a href = "../usecases/linkerd-user-guide.html" >
5.1.2.1 Linkerd 使用指南
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5.2 大数据
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< a href = "../usecases/spark-standalone-on-kubernetes.html" >
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5.2.1 Spark standalone on Kubernetes
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< a href = "../usecases/running-spark-with-kubernetes-native-scheduler.html" >
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5.2.2 运行支持kubernetes原生调度的Spark程序
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< a href = "../usecases/serverless.html" >
5.3 Serverless架构
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< a href = "../usecases/edge-computing.html" >
5.4 边缘计算
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6. 开发指南
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6.1 开发环境搭建
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6.2 单元测试和集成测试
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< a href = "../develop/client-go-sample.html" >
6.3 client-go示例
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6.4 社区贡献
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6.5 Minikube
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7. 附录
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7.1 Docker最佳实践
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< a href = "../appendix/issues.html" >
7.2 问题记录
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7.3 使用技巧
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< a href = "../appendix/debug-kubernetes-services.html" >
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7.4 kubernetes中的应用故障排查
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< a href = "../appendix/material-share.html" >
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7.5 Kubernetes相关资讯和情报链接
2017-10-18 14:16:55 +08:00
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2017-08-21 17:44:43 +08:00
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2017-09-19 22:01:07 +08:00
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< a href = ".." > 3.4.2 使用 kubeconfig 文件配置跨集群认证< / a >
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< h1 id = "使用-kubeconfig-文件配置跨集群认证" > 使 用 kubeconfig 文 件 配 置 跨 集 群 认 证 < / h1 >
< p > Kubernetes 的 认 证 方 式 对 于 不 同 的 人 来 说 可 能 有 所 不 同 。 < / p >
< ul >
< li > 运 行 kubelet 可 能 有 一 种 认 证 方 式 （ 即 证 书 ） 。 < / li >
< li > 用 户 可 能 有 不 同 的 认 证 方 式 （ 即 令 牌 ） 。 < / li >
< li > 管 理 员 可 能 具 有 他 们 为 个 人 用 户 提 供 的 证 书 列 表 。 < / li >
< li > 我 们 可 能 有 多 个 集 群 ， 并 希 望 在 同 一 个 地 方 将 其 全 部 定 义 — — 这 样 用 户 就 能 使 用 自 己 的 证 书 并 重 用 相 同 的 全 局 配 置 。 < / li >
< / ul >
< p > 所 以 为 了 能 够 让 用 户 轻 松 地 在 多 个 集 群 之 间 切 换 ， 对 于 多 个 用 户 的 情 况 下 ， 我 们 将 其 定 义 在 了 一 个 kubeconfig 文 件 中 。 < / p >
< p > 此 文 件 包 含 一 系 列 与 昵 称 相 关 联 的 身 份 验 证 机 制 和 集 群 连 接 信 息 。 它 还 引 入 了 一 个 （ 用 户 ） 认 证 信 息 元 组 和 一 个 被 称 为 上 下 文 的 与 昵 称 相 关 联 的 集 群 连 接 信 息 的 概 念 。 < / p >
< p > 如 果 明 确 指 定 ， 则 允 许 使 用 多 个 kubeconfig 文 件 。 在 运 行 时 ， 它 们 与 命 令 行 中 指 定 的 覆 盖 选 项 一 起 加 载 并 合 并 （ 参 见 下 面 的 < a href = "https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/access-application-cluster/authenticate-across-clusters-kubeconfig.md#loading-and-merging-rules" target = "_blank" > 规 则 < / a > ） 。 < / p >
< h2 id = "相关讨论" > 相 关 讨 论 < / h2 >
< p > < a href = "http://issue.k8s.io/1755" target = "_blank" > http://issue.k8s.io/1755< / a > < / p >
< h2 id = "kubeconfig-文件的组成" > Kubeconfig 文 件 的 组 成 < / h2 >
< h3 id = "kubeconifg-文件示例" > Kubeconifg 文 件 示 例 < / h3 >
< pre > < code class = "lang-yaml" > < span class = "hljs-attr" > current-context:< / span > federal-context
< span class = "hljs-attr" > apiVersion:< / span > v1
< span class = "hljs-attr" > clusters:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > - cluster:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > api-version:< / span > v1
< span class = "hljs-attr" > server:< / span > http://cow.org:< span class = "hljs-number" > 8080< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > name:< / span > cow-cluster
< span class = "hljs-attr" > - cluster:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > certificate-authority:< / span > path/to/my/cafile
< span class = "hljs-attr" > server:< / span > https://horse.org:< span class = "hljs-number" > 4443< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > name:< / span > horse-cluster
< span class = "hljs-attr" > - cluster:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > insecure-skip-tls-verify:< / span > < span class = "hljs-literal" > true< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > server:< / span > https://pig.org:< span class = "hljs-number" > 443< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > name:< / span > pig-cluster
< span class = "hljs-attr" > contexts:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > - context:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > cluster:< / span > horse-cluster
< span class = "hljs-attr" > namespace:< / span > chisel-ns
< span class = "hljs-attr" > user:< / span > green-user
< span class = "hljs-attr" > name:< / span > federal-context
< span class = "hljs-attr" > - context:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > cluster:< / span > pig-cluster
< span class = "hljs-attr" > namespace:< / span > saw-ns
< span class = "hljs-attr" > user:< / span > black-user
< span class = "hljs-attr" > name:< / span > queen-anne-context
< span class = "hljs-attr" > kind:< / span > Config
< span class = "hljs-attr" > preferences:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > colors:< / span > < span class = "hljs-literal" > true< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > users:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > - name:< / span > blue-user
< span class = "hljs-attr" > user:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > token:< / span > blue-token
< span class = "hljs-attr" > - name:< / span > green-user
< span class = "hljs-attr" > user:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > client-certificate:< / span > path/to/my/client/cert
< span class = "hljs-attr" > client-key:< / span > path/to/my/client/key
< / code > < / pre >
< h3 id = "各个组件的拆解释意" > 各 个 组 件 的 拆 解 /释 意 < / h3 >
< h4 id = "cluster" > Cluster< / h4 >
< pre > < code class = "lang-yaml" > < span class = "hljs-attr" > clusters:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > - cluster:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > certificate-authority:< / span > path/to/my/cafile
< span class = "hljs-attr" > server:< / span > https://horse.org:< span class = "hljs-number" > 4443< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > name:< / span > horse-cluster
< span class = "hljs-attr" > - cluster:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > insecure-skip-tls-verify:< / span > < span class = "hljs-literal" > true< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > server:< / span > https://pig.org:< span class = "hljs-number" > 443< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > name:< / span > pig-cluster
< / code > < / pre >
< p > < code > cluster< / code > 中 包 含 kubernetes 集 群 的 端 点 数 据 ， 包 括 kubernetes apiserver 的 完 整 url 以 及 集 群 的 证 书 颁 发 机 构 或 者 当 集 群 的 服 务 证 书 未 被 系 统 信 任 的 证 书 颁 发 机 构 签 名 时 ， 设 置 < code > insecure-skip-tls-verify: true< / code > 。 < / p >
< p > < code > cluster< / code > 的 名 称 （ 昵 称 ） 作 为 该 kubeconfig 文 件 中 的 集 群 字 典 的 key。 您 可 以 使 用 < a href = "https://kubernetes.io/docs/user-guide/kubectl/%7B%7Bpage.version%7D%7D/#-em-set-cluster-em-" target = "_blank" > < code > kubectl config set-cluster< / code > < / a > 添 加 或 修 改 < code > cluster< / code > 条 目 。 < / p >
< h4 id = "user" > user< / h4 >
< pre > < code class = "lang-yaml" > < span class = "hljs-attr" > users:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > - name:< / span > blue-user
< span class = "hljs-attr" > user:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > token:< / span > blue-token
< span class = "hljs-attr" > - name:< / span > green-user
< span class = "hljs-attr" > user:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > client-certificate:< / span > path/to/my/client/cert
< span class = "hljs-attr" > client-key:< / span > path/to/my/client/key
< / code > < / pre >
< p > < code > user< / code > 定 义 用 于 向 kubernetes 集 群 进 行 身 份 验 证 的 客 户 端 凭 据 。 在 加 载 /合 并 kubeconfig 之 后 ， < code > user< / code > 将 有 一 个 名 称 （ 昵 称 ） 作 为 用 户 条 目 列 表 中 的 key。 可 用 凭 证 有 < code > client-certificate< / code > 、 < code > client-key< / code > 、 < code > token< / code > 和 < code > username/password< / code > 。 < code > username/password< / code > 和 < code > token< / code > 是 二 者 只 能 选 择 一 个 ， 但 client-certificate 和 client-key 可 以 分 别 与 它 们 组 合 。 < / p >
< p > 您 可 以 使 用 < a href = "https://kubernetes.io/docs/user-guide/kubectl/%7B%7Bpage.version%7D%7D/#-em-set-credentials-em-" target = "_blank" > < code > kubectl config set-credentials< / code > < / a > 添 加 或 者 修 改 < code > user< / code > 条 目 。 < / p >
< h4 id = "context" > context< / h4 >
< pre > < code class = "lang-yaml" > < span class = "hljs-attr" > contexts:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > - context:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > cluster:< / span > horse-cluster
< span class = "hljs-attr" > namespace:< / span > chisel-ns
< span class = "hljs-attr" > user:< / span > green-user
< span class = "hljs-attr" > name:< / span > federal-context
< / code > < / pre >
< p > < code > context< / code > 定 义 了 一 个 命 名 的 < a href = "https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/access-application-cluster/authenticate-across-clusters-kubeconfig.md#cluster" target = "_blank" > < code > cluster< / code > < / a > 、 < a href = "https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/access-application-cluster/authenticate-across-clusters-kubeconfig.md#user" target = "_blank" > < code > user< / code > < / a > 、 < a href = "https://kubernetes.io/docs/user-guide/namespaces" target = "_blank" > < code > namespace< / code > < / a > 元 组 ， 用 于 使 用 提 供 的 认 证 信 息 和 命 名 空 间 将 请 求 发 送 到 指 定 的 集 群 。 三 个 都 是 可 选 的 ； 仅 使 用 < code > cluster< / code > 、 < code > user< / code > 、 < code > namespace< / code > 之 一 指 定 上 下 文 ， 或 指 定 none。 未 指 定 的 值 或 在 加 载 的 kubeconfig 中 没 有 相 应 条 目 的 命 名 值 （ 例 如 ， 如 果 为 上 述 kubeconfig 文 件 指 定 了 < code > pink-user< / code > 的 上 下 文 ） 将 被 替 换 为 默 认 值 。 有 关 覆 盖 /合 并 行 为 ， 请 参 阅 下 面 的 < a href = "https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/access-application-cluster/authenticate-across-clusters-kubeconfig.md#loading-and-merging" target = "_blank" > 加 载 和 合 并 规 则 < / a > 。 < / p >
< p > 您 可 以 使 用 < a href = "https://kubernetes.io/docs/user-guide/kubectl/%7B%7Bpage.version%7D%7D/#-em-set-context-em-" target = "_blank" > < code > kubectl config set-context< / code > < / a > 添 加 或 修 改 上 下 文 条 目 。 < / p >
< h4 id = "current-context" > current-context< / h4 >
< pre > < code class = "lang-Yaml" > < span class = "hljs-attr" > current-context:< / span > federal-context
< / code > < / pre >
< p > < code > current-context< / code > is the nickname or ' key' for the cluster,user,namespace tuple that kubectl will use by default when loading config from this file. You can override any of the values in kubectl from the commandline, by passing < code > --context=CONTEXT< / code > , < code > --cluster=CLUSTER< / code > , < code > --user=USER< / code > , and/or < code > --namespace=NAMESPACE< / code > respectively. You can change the < code > current-context< / code > with < a href = "https://kubernetes.io/docs/user-guide/kubectl/%7B%7Bpage.version%7D%7D/#-em-use-context-em-" target = "_blank" > < code > kubectl config use-context< / code > < / a > .< / p >
< p > < code > current-context< / code > 是 昵 称 或 者 说 是 作 为 < code > cluster< / code > 、 < code > user< / code > 、 < code > namespace< / code > 元 组 的 ” key“ ， 当 kubectl 从 该 文 件 中 加 载 配 置 的 时 候 会 被 默 认 使 用 。 您 可 以 在 kubectl 命 令 行 里 覆 盖 这 些 值 ， 通 过 分 别 传 入 < code > — context=CONTEXT< / code > 、 < code > — cluster=CLUSTER< / code > 、 < code > --user=USER< / code > 和 < code > --namespace=NAMESPACE< / code > 。 < / p >
< p > 您 可 以 使 用 < a href = "https://kubernetes.io/docs/user-guide/kubectl/%7B%7Bpage.version%7D%7D/#-em-use-context-em-" target = "_blank" > < code > kubectl config use-context< / code > < / a > 更 改 < code > current-context< / code > 。 < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-yaml" > < span class = "hljs-attr" > apiVersion:< / span > v1
< span class = "hljs-attr" > kind:< / span > Config
< span class = "hljs-attr" > preferences:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > colors:< / span > < span class = "hljs-literal" > true< / span >
< / code > < / pre >
< h4 id = "杂项" > 杂 项 < / h4 >
< p > < code > apiVersion< / code > 和 < code > kind< / code > 标 识 客 户 端 解 析 器 的 版 本 和 模 式 ， 不 应 手 动 编 辑 。 < code > preferences< / code > 指 定 可 选 （ 和 当 前 未 使 用 ） 的 kubectl 首 选 项 。 < / p >
< h2 id = "查看-kubeconfig-文件" > 查 看 kubeconfig 文 件 < / h2 >
< p > < code > kubectl config view< / code > 命 令 可 以 展 示 当 前 的 kubeconfig 设 置 。 默 认 将 为 您 展 示 所 有 的 kubeconfig 设 置 ； 您 可 以 通 过 传 入 < code > — minify< / code > 参 数 ， 将 视 图 过 滤 到 与 < code > current-context< / code > 有 关 的 配 额 设 置 。 有 关 其 他 选 项 ， 请 参 阅 < a href = "https://kubernetes.io/docs/user-guide/kubectl/%7B%7Bpage.version%7D%7D/#-em-view-em-" target = "_blank" > < code > kubectl config view< / code > < / a > 。 < / p >
< h2 id = "构建您自己的-kubeconfig-文件" > 构 建 您 自 己 的 kubeconfig 文 件 < / h2 >
< p > 您 可 以 使 用 上 文 < a href = "https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/access-application-cluster/authenticate-across-clusters-kubeconfig.md#example-kubeconfig-file" target = "_blank" > 示 例 kubeconfig 文 件 < / a > 作 为 < / p >
< p > < strong > 注 意 ： < / strong > 如 果 您 是 通 过 < code > kube-up.sh< / code > 脚 本 部 署 的 kubernetes 集 群 ， 不 需 要 自 己 创 建 kubeconfig 文 件 — — 该 脚 本 已 经 为 您 创 建 过 了 。 < / p >
< p > {:.note}< / p >
< p > 当 api server 启 动 的 时 候 使 用 了 < code > — token-auth-file=tokens.csv< / code > 选 项 时 ， 上 述 文 件 将 会 与 < a href = "https://kubernetes.io/docs/admin/kube-apiserver/" target = "_blank" > API server< / a > 相 关 联 ， < code > tokens.csv< / code > 文 件 看 起 来 会 像 这 个 样 子 ： < / p >
< pre > < code > blue-user,blue-user,1
mister-red,mister-red,2
< / code > < / pre > < p > < strong > 注 意 ： < / strong > 启 动 API server 时 有 很 多 < a href = "https://kubernetes.io/docs/admin/kube-apiserver/" target = "_blank" > 可 用 选 项 < / a > 。 请 您 一 定 要 确 保 理 解 您 使 用 的 选 项 。 < / p >
< p > 上 述 示 例 kubeconfig 文 件 提 供 了 < code > green-user< / code > 的 客 户 端 凭 证 。 因 为 用 户 的 < code > current-user< / code > 是 < code > green-user< / code > ， 任 何 该 API server 的 客 户 端 使 用 该 示 例 kubeconfig 文 件 时 都 可 以 成 功 登 录 。 同 样 ， 我 们 可 以 通 过 修 改 < code > current-context< / code > 的 值 以 < code > blue-user< / code > 的 身 份 操 作 。 < / p >
< p > 在 上 面 的 示 例 中 ， < code > green-user< / code > 通 过 提 供 凭 据 登 录 ， < code > blue-user< / code > 使 用 的 是 token。 使 用 < code > kubectl config set-credentials< / code > 指 定 登 录 信 息 。 想 了 解 更 多 信 息 ， 请 访 问 " < a href = "https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/access-application-cluster/authenticate-across-clusters-kubeconfig.md#commands-for-the-example-file" target = "_blank" > 示 例 文 件 相 关 操 作 命 令 < / a > " 。 < / p >
< h2 id = "加载和合并规则" > 加 载 和 合 并 规 则 < / h2 >
< p > 加 载 和 合 并 kubeconfig 文 件 的 规 则 很 简 单 ， 但 有 很 多 。 最 终 的 配 置 按 照 以 下 顺 序 构 建 ： < / p >
< ol >
< li > < p > 从 磁 盘 中 获 取 kubeconfig。 这 将 通 过 以 下 层 次 结 构 和 合 并 规 则 完 成 ： < / p >
< p > 如 果 设 置 了 < code > CommandLineLocation< / code > （ < code > kubeconfig< / code > 命 令 行 参 数 的 值 ） ， 将 会 只 使 用 该 文 件 ， 而 不 会 进 行 合 并 。 该 参 数 在 一 条 命 令 中 只 允 许 指 定 一 次 。 < / p >
< p > 或 者 ， 如 果 设 置 了 < code > EnvVarLocation< / code > （ < code > $KUBECONFIG< / code > 的 值 ） ， 其 将 会 被 作 为 应 合 并 的 文 件 列 表 ， 并 根 据 以 下 规 则 合 并 文 件 。 空 文 件 名 被 忽 略 。 非 串 行 内 容 的 文 件 将 产 生 错 误 。 设 置 特 定 值 或 map key 的 第 一 个 文 件 将 优 先 使 用 ， 并 且 值 或 map key 也 永 远 不 会 更 改 。 这 意 味 着 设 置 CurrentContext 的 第 一 个 文 件 将 保 留 其 上 下 文 。 这 也 意 味 着 如 果 两 个 文 件 同 时 指 定 一 个 < code > red-user< / code > ， 那 么 将 只 使 用 第 一 个 文 件 中 的 < code > red-user< / code > 的 值 。 即 使 第 二 个 文 件 的 < code > red-user< / code > 中 有 非 冲 突 条 目 也 被 丢 弃 。 < / p >
< p > 另 外 ， 使 用 Home 目 录 位 置 （ < code > ~/.kube/config< / code > ） 将 不 会 合 并 。 < / p >
< / li >
< li > < p > 根 据 此 链 中 的 第 一 个 命 中 确 定 要 使 用 的 上 下 文 < / p >
< ol >
< li > 命 令 行 参 数 — — < code > context< / code > 命 令 行 选 项 的 值 < / li >
< li > 来 自 合 并 后 的 < code > kubeconfig< / code > 文 件 的 < code > current-context< / code > < / li >
< li > 在 这 个 阶 段 允 许 空 < / li >
< / ol >
< / li >
< li > < p > 确 定 要 使 用 的 群 集 信 息 和 用 户 。 此 时 ， 我 们 可 能 有 也 可 能 没 有 上 下 文 。 他 们 是 基 于 这 个 链 中 的 第 一 次 命 中 。 （ 运 行 两 次 ， 一 次 为 用 户 ， 一 次 为 集 群 ） < / p >
< ol >
< li > 命 令 行 参 数 — — < code > user< / code > 指 定 用 户 ， < code > cluster< / code > 指 定 集 群 名 称 < / li >
< li > 如 果 上 下 文 存 在 ， 则 使 用 上 下 文 的 值 < / li >
< li > 允 许 空 < / li >
< / ol >
< / li >
< li > < p > 确 定 要 使 用 的 实 际 群 集 信 息 。 此 时 ， 我 们 可 能 有 也 可 能 没 有 集 群 信 息 。 根 据 链 条 构 建 每 个 集 群 信 息 （ 第 一 次 命 中 胜 出 ） ： < / p >
< ol >
< li > 命 令 行 参 数 — — < code > server< / code > ， < code > api-version< / code > ， < code > certificate-authority< / code > 和 < code > insecure-skip-tls-verify< / code > < / li >
< li > 如 果 存 在 集 群 信 息 ， 并 且 存 在 该 属 性 的 值 ， 请 使 用 它 。 < / li >
< li > 如 果 没 有 服 务 器 位 置 ， 则 产 生 错 误 。 < / li >
< / ol >
< / li >
< li > < p > 确 定 要 使 用 的 实 际 用 户 信 息 。 用 户 使 用 与 集 群 信 息 相 同 的 规 则 构 建 ， 除 非 ， 您 的 每 个 用 户 只 能 使 用 一 种 认 证 技 术 。 < / p >
< ol >
< li > 负 载 优 先 级 为 1） 命 令 行 标 志 2） 来 自 kubeconfig 的 用 户 字 段 < / li >
< li > 命 令 行 标 志 是 ： < code > client-certificate< / code > 、 < code > client-key< / code > 、 < code > username< / code > 、 < code > password< / code > 和 < code > token< / code > < / li >
< li > 如 果 有 两 种 冲 突 的 技 术 ， 则 失 败 。 < / li >
< / ol >
< / li >
< li > < p > 对 于 任 何 仍 然 缺 少 的 信 息 ， 将 使 用 默 认 值 ， 并 可 能 会 提 示 验 证 信 息 < / p >
< / li >
< li > < p > Kubeconfig 文 件 中 的 所 有 文 件 引 用 都 相 对 于 kubeconfig 文 件 本 身 的 位 置 进 行 解 析 。 当 命 令 行 上 显 示 文 件 引 用 时 ， 它 们 将 相 对 于 当 前 工 作 目 录 进 行 解 析 。 当 路 径 保 存 在 < code > ~/.kube/config< / code > 中 时 ， 相 对 路 径 使 用 相 对 存 储 ， 绝 对 路 径 使 用 绝 对 存 储 。 < / p >
< / li >
< / ol >
< p > Kubeconfig 文 件 中 的 任 何 路 径 都 相 对 于 kubeconfig 文 件 本 身 的 位 置 进 行 解 析 。 < / p >
< h2 id = "使用-kubectl-config-subcommand-操作-kubeconfig" > 使 用 < code > kubectl config < subcommand> < / code > 操 作 kubeconfig< / h2 >
< p > < code > kubectl config< / code > 有 一 些 列 的 子 命 令 可 以 帮 助 我 们 更 方 便 的 操 作 kubeconfig 文 件 。 < / p >
< p > 请 参 阅 < a href = "https://kubernetes.io/docs/user-guide/kubectl/%7B%7Bpage.version%7D%7D/#config" target = "_blank" > kubectl/kubectl_config< / a > 。 < / p >
< h3 id = "example" > Example< / h3 >
< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > $ kubectl config < span class = "hljs-built_in" > set< / span > -credentials myself --username=admin --password=secret
$ kubectl config < span class = "hljs-built_in" > set< / span > -cluster < span class = "hljs-built_in" > local< / span > -server --server=http://localhost:8080
$ kubectl config < span class = "hljs-built_in" > set< / span > -context default-context --cluster=< span class = "hljs-built_in" > local< / span > -server --user=myself
$ kubectl config use-context default-context
$ kubectl config < span class = "hljs-built_in" > set< / span > contexts.default-context.namespace the-right-prefix
$ kubectl config view
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 产 生 如 下 输 出 ： < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-yaml" > < span class = "hljs-attr" > apiVersion:< / span > v1
< span class = "hljs-attr" > clusters:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > - cluster:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > server:< / span > http://localhost:< span class = "hljs-number" > 8080< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > name:< / span > local-server
< span class = "hljs-attr" > contexts:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > - context:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > cluster:< / span > local-server
< span class = "hljs-attr" > namespace:< / span > the-right-prefix
< span class = "hljs-attr" > user:< / span > myself
< span class = "hljs-attr" > name:< / span > default-context
< span class = "hljs-attr" > current-context:< / span > default-context
< span class = "hljs-attr" > kind:< / span > Config
< span class = "hljs-attr" > preferences:< / span > {}
< span class = "hljs-attr" > users:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > - name:< / span > myself
< span class = "hljs-attr" > user:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > password:< / span > secret
< span class = "hljs-attr" > username:< / span > admin
< / code > < / pre >
< p > Kubeconfig 文 件 会 像 这 样 子 ： < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-yaml" > < span class = "hljs-attr" > apiVersion:< / span > v1
< span class = "hljs-attr" > clusters:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > - cluster:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > server:< / span > http://localhost:< span class = "hljs-number" > 8080< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > name:< / span > local-server
< span class = "hljs-attr" > contexts:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > - context:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > cluster:< / span > local-server
< span class = "hljs-attr" > namespace:< / span > the-right-prefix
< span class = "hljs-attr" > user:< / span > myself
< span class = "hljs-attr" > name:< / span > default-context
< span class = "hljs-attr" > current-context:< / span > default-context
< span class = "hljs-attr" > kind:< / span > Config
< span class = "hljs-attr" > preferences:< / span > {}
< span class = "hljs-attr" > users:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > - name:< / span > myself
< span class = "hljs-attr" > user:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > password:< / span > secret
< span class = "hljs-attr" > username:< / span > admin
< / code > < / pre >
< h4 id = "示例文件相关操作命令" > 示 例 文 件 相 关 操 作 命 令 < / h4 >
< pre > < code class = "lang-Bash" > $ kubectl config < span class = "hljs-built_in" > set< / span > preferences.colors < span class = "hljs-literal" > true< / span >
$ kubectl config < span class = "hljs-built_in" > set< / span > -cluster cow-cluster --server=http://cow.org:8080 --api-version=v1
$ kubectl config < span class = "hljs-built_in" > set< / span > -cluster horse-cluster --server=https://horse.org:4443 --certificate-authority=path/to/my/cafile
$ kubectl config < span class = "hljs-built_in" > set< / span > -cluster pig-cluster --server=https://pig.org:443 --insecure-skip-tls-verify=< span class = "hljs-literal" > true< / span >
$ kubectl config < span class = "hljs-built_in" > set< / span > -credentials blue-user --token=blue-token
$ kubectl config < span class = "hljs-built_in" > set< / span > -credentials green-user --client-certificate=path/to/my/client/cert --client-key=path/to/my/client/key
$ kubectl config < span class = "hljs-built_in" > set< / span > -context queen-anne-context --cluster=pig-cluster --user=black-user --namespace=saw-ns
$ kubectl config < span class = "hljs-built_in" > set< / span > -context federal-context --cluster=horse-cluster --user=green-user --namespace=chisel-ns
$ kubectl config use-context federal-context
< / code > < / pre >
< h3 id = "最后将它们捆绑在一起" > 最 后 将 它 们 捆 绑 在 一 起 < / h3 >
< p > 所 以 ， 将 这 一 切 绑 在 一 起 ， 快 速 创 建 自 己 的 kubeconfig 文 件 ： < / p >
< ul >
< li > 仔 细 看 一 下 ， 了 解 您 的 api-server 的 启 动 方 式 ： 在 设 计 kubeconfig 文 件 以 方 便 身 份 验 证 之 前 ， 您 需 要 知 道 您 自 己 的 安 全 要 求 和 策 略 。 < / li >
< li > 将 上 面 的 代 码 段 替 换 为 您 的 集 群 的 api-server 端 点 的 信 息 。 < / li >
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< li > 确 保 您 的 api-server 至 少 能 够 以 提 供 一 个 用 户 （ 即 < code > green-user< / code > ） 凭 据 的 方 式 启 动 。 当 然 您 必 须 查 看 api-server 文 档 ， 以 了 解 当 前 关 于 身 份 验 证 细 节 方 面 的 最 新 技 术 。 < / li >
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< / ul >
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