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序言
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1. Kubernetes与云原生应用概览
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2. 概念原理
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2.1 设计理念
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2.2 Objects
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2.2.1 Pod
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2.2.1.1 Pod解析
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2.2.1.2 Init容器
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2.2.1.3 Pod安全策略
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2.2.1.4 Pod的生命周期
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2.2.2 Node
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2.2.3 Namespace
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2.2.4 Service
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2.2.5 Volume和Persistent Volume
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2.2.6 Deployment
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2.2.7 Secret
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2.2.8 StatefulSet
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2.2.9 DaemonSet
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2.2.10 ServiceAccount
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2.2.11 ReplicationController和ReplicaSet
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2.2.12 Job
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2.2.13 CronJob
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2.2.14 Ingress
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2.2.15 ConfigMap
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2.2.15.1 ConfigMap的热更新
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2.2.16 Horizontal Pod Autoscaling
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2.2.17 Label
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2.2.18 垃圾收集
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2.2.19 NetworkPolicy
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3. 用户指南
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3.1 资源对象配置
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3.1.1 配置Pod的liveness和readiness探针
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3.1.2 配置Pod的Service Account
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3.1.3 Secret配置
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3.2.3 管理namespace中的资源配额
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3.2 命令使用
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3.2.1 docker用户过度到kubectl命令行指南
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3.2.2 kubectl命令概览
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3.2.3 kubectl命令技巧大全
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3.3 集群安全性管理
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3.3.1 管理集群中的TLS
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3.3.2 kubelet的认证授权
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3.3.3 TLS bootstrap
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3.3.4 创建用户认证授权的kubeconfig文件
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3.3.5 RBAC——基于角色的访问控制
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3.3.6 IP伪装代理
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3.4 访问 Kubernetes 集群
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3.4.1 访问集群
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3.4.2 使用 kubeconfig 文件配置跨集群认证
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3.4.3 通过端口转发访问集群中的应用程序
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3.4.4 使用 service 访问群集中的应用程序
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3.5 在kubernetes中开发部署应用
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3.5.1 适用于kubernetes的应用开发部署流程
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3.5.2 迁移传统应用到kubernetes中——以Hadoop YARN为例
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3.5.3 使用StatefulSet部署用状态应用
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4. 最佳实践
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4.1 在CentOS上部署kubernetes1.6集群
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4.1.1 创建TLS证书和秘钥
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4.1.2 创建kubeconfig文件
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4.1.3 创建高可用etcd集群
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4.1.4 安装kubectl命令行工具
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4.1.5 部署master节点
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4.1.6 部署node节点
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4.1.7 安装kubedns插件
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4.1.8 安装dashboard插件
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4.1.9 安装heapster插件
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4.1.10 安装EFK插件
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4.2 服务发现与负载均衡
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4.2.1 安装Traefik ingress
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4.2.2 分布式负载测试
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4.2.3 网络和集群性能测试
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4.2.4 边缘节点配置
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4.2.5 安装Nginx ingress
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4.3 运维管理
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4.3.1 服务滚动升级
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4.3.2 应用日志收集
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4.3.3 配置最佳实践
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4.3.4 集群及应用监控
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4.3.6 数据持久化问题
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4.3.7 管理容器的计算资源
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4.4 存储管理
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4.4.1 GlusterFS
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4.4.1.1 使用GlusterFS做持久化存储
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< a href = "../practice/storage-for-containers-using-glusterfs-with-openshift.html" >
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4.4.1.2 在OpenShift中使用GlusterFS做持久化存储
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< a href = "../practice/cephfs.html" >
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4.4.2 CephFS
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< a href = "../practice/using-ceph-for-persistent-storage.html" >
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4.4.2.1 使用Ceph做持久化存储
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.5.5" data-path = "../practice/monitoring.html" >
< a href = "../practice/monitoring.html" >
4.5 集群与应用监控
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< a href = "../practice/heapster.html" >
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4.5.1 Heapster
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< a href = "../practice/using-heapster-to-get-object-metrics.html" >
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4.5.1.1 使用Heapster获取集群和对象的metric数据
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< a href = "../practice/prometheus.html" >
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4.5.2 Prometheus
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.5.5.2.1" data-path = "../practice/using-prometheus-to-monitor-kuberentes-cluster.html" >
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< a href = "../practice/using-prometheus-to-monitor-kuberentes-cluster.html" >
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4.5.2.1 使用Prometheus监控kubernetes集群
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< a href = "../practice/services-management-tool.html" >
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4.6 服务编排管理
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< a href = "../practice/helm.html" >
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4.6.1 使用Helm管理kubernetes应用
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< a href = "../practice/create-private-charts-repo.html" >
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4.6.2 构建私有Chart仓库
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< a href = "../practice/ci-cd.html" >
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4.7 持续集成与发布
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< a href = "../practice/jenkins-ci-cd.html" >
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4.7.1 使用Jenkins进行持续集成与发布
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< a href = "../practice/drone-ci-cd.html" >
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4.7.2 使用Drone进行持续集成与发布
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< a href = "../practice/update-and-upgrade.html" >
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4.8 更新与升级
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< a href = "../practice/manually-upgrade.html" >
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4.8.1 手动升级kubernetes集群
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4.8.2 升级dashboard
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5. 领域应用
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5.1 微服务架构
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5.1.1 微服务中的服务发现
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5.2 Service Mesh 服务网格
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5.1.1 Istio
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5.1.1.1 安装并试用Istio service mesh
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5.1.1.2 配置请求的路由规则
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.6.2.1.3" data-path = "../usecases/install-and-expand-istio-mesh.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/install-and-expand-istio-mesh.html" >
5.1.1.3 安装和拓展Istio service mesh
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.6.2.1.4" data-path = "../usecases/integrating-vms.html" >
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5.1.1.4 集成虚拟机
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5.1.2 Linkerd
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5.1.2.1 Linkerd 使用指南
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5.2 大数据
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5.2.1 Spark standalone on Kubernetes
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5.2.2 运行支持kubernetes原生调度的Spark程序
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5.3 Serverless架构
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5.4 边缘计算
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6. 开发指南
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6.1 开发环境搭建
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6.2 单元测试和集成测试
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6.3 client-go示例
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6.4 社区贡献
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6.5 Minikube
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7. 附录
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7.1 Docker最佳实践
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7.2 问题记录
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7.3 使用技巧
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7.4 kubernetes中的应用故障排查
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7.5 Kubernetes相关资讯和情报链接
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本书使用 GitBook 发布
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< div class = "book-body" >
< div class = "body-inner" >
< div class = "book-header" role = "navigation" >
<!-- Title -->
< h1 >
< i class = "fa fa-circle-o-notch fa-spin" > < / i >
< a href = ".." > 3.2.3 kubectl命令技巧大全< / a >
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< div class = "page-wrapper" tabindex = "-1" role = "main" >
< div class = "page-inner" >
< div class = "search-plus" id = "book-search-results" >
< div class = "search-noresults" >
< section class = "normal markdown-section" >
< h1 id = "kubectl-命令技巧大全" > kubectl 命 令 技 巧 大 全 < / h1 >
< p > Kubctl 命 令 是 操 作 kubernetes 集 群 的 最 直 接 和 最 skillful 的 途 径 ， 这 个 60多 MB大 小 的 二 进 制 文 件 ， 到 底 有 啥 能 耐 呢 ？ 请 看 下 文 ： < / p >
< h2 id = "kubectl-自动补全" > Kubectl 自 动 补 全 < / h2 >
< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > $ < span class = "hljs-built_in" > source< / span > < (kubectl completion bash) < span class = "hljs-comment" > # setup autocomplete in bash, bash-completion package should be installed first.< / span >
$ < span class = "hljs-built_in" > source< / span > < (kubectl completion zsh) < span class = "hljs-comment" > # setup autocomplete in zsh< / span >
< / code > < / pre >
< h2 id = "kubectl-上下文和配置" > Kubectl 上 下 文 和 配 置 < / h2 >
< p > 设 置 < code > kubectl< / code > 命 令 交 互 的 kubernetes 集 群 并 修 改 配 置 信 息 。 参 阅 < a href = "https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/access-application-cluster/configure-access-multiple-clusters" target = "_blank" > 使 用 kubeconfig 文 件 进 行 跨 集 群 验 证 < / a > 获 取 关 于 配 置 文 件 的 详 细 信 息 。 < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > $ kubectl config view < span class = "hljs-comment" > # 显 示 合 并 后 的 kubeconfig 配 置 < / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > # 同 时 使 用 多 个 kubeconfig 文 件 并 查 看 合 并 后 的 配 置 < / span >
$ KUBECONFIG=~/.kube/config:~/.kube/kubconfig2 kubectl config view
< span class = "hljs-comment" > # 获 取 e2e 用 户 的 密 码 < / span >
$ kubectl config view -o jsonpath=< span class = "hljs-string" > ' {.users[?(@.name == " e2e" )].user.password}' < / span >
$ kubectl config current-context < span class = "hljs-comment" > # 显 示 当 前 的 上 下 文 < / span >
$ kubectl config use-context my-cluster-name < span class = "hljs-comment" > # 设 置 默 认 上 下 文 为 my-cluster-name< / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > # 向 kubeconf 中 增 加 支 持 基 本 认 证 的 新 集 群 < / span >
$ kubectl config < span class = "hljs-built_in" > set< / span > -credentials kubeuser/foo.kubernetes.com --username=kubeuser --password=kubepassword
< span class = "hljs-comment" > # 使 用 指 定 的 用 户 名 和 namespace 设 置 上 下 文 < / span >
$ kubectl config < span class = "hljs-built_in" > set< / span > -context gce --user=cluster-admin --namespace=foo \
& & kubectl config use-context gce
< / code > < / pre >
< h2 id = "创建对象" > 创 建 对 象 < / h2 >
< p > Kubernetes 的 清 单 文 件 可 以 使 用 json 或 yaml 格 式 定 义 。 可 以 以 < code > .yaml< / code > 、 < code > .yml< / code > 、 或 者 < code > .json< / code > 为 扩 展 名 。 < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-yaml" > $ kubectl create -f ./my-manifest.yaml < span class = "hljs-comment" > # 创 建 资 源 < / span >
$ kubectl create -f ./my1.yaml -f ./my2.yaml < span class = "hljs-comment" > # 使 用 多 个 文 件 创 建 资 源 < / span >
$ kubectl create -f ./dir < span class = "hljs-comment" > # 使 用 目 录 下 的 所 有 清 单 文 件 来 创 建 资 源 < / span >
$ kubectl create -f https://git.io/vPieo < span class = "hljs-comment" > # 使 用 url 来 创 建 资 源 < / span >
$ kubectl run nginx --image=nginx < span class = "hljs-comment" > # 启 动 一 个 nginx 实 例 < / span >
$ kubectl explain pods,svc < span class = "hljs-comment" > # 获 取 pod 和 svc 的 文 档 < / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > # 从 stdin 输 入 中 创 建 多 个 YAML 对 象 < / span >
$ cat < < EOF | kubectl create -f -
< span class = "hljs-attr" > apiVersion:< / span > v1
< span class = "hljs-attr" > kind:< / span > Pod
< span class = "hljs-attr" > metadata:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > name:< / span > busybox-sleep
< span class = "hljs-attr" > spec:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > containers:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > - name:< / span > busybox
< span class = "hljs-attr" > image:< / span > busybox
< span class = "hljs-attr" > args:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-bullet" > -< / span > sleep
< span class = "hljs-bullet" > -< / span > < span class = "hljs-string" > " 1000000" < / span >
< span class = "hljs-meta" > ---< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > apiVersion:< / span > v1
< span class = "hljs-attr" > kind:< / span > Pod
< span class = "hljs-attr" > metadata:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > name:< / span > busybox-sleep-less
< span class = "hljs-attr" > spec:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > containers:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > - name:< / span > busybox
< span class = "hljs-attr" > image:< / span > busybox
< span class = "hljs-attr" > args:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-bullet" > -< / span > sleep
< span class = "hljs-bullet" > -< / span > < span class = "hljs-string" > " 1000" < / span >
EOF
< span class = "hljs-comment" > # 创 建 包 含 几 个 key 的 Secret< / span >
$ cat < < EOF | kubectl create -f -
< span class = "hljs-attr" > apiVersion:< / span > v1
< span class = "hljs-attr" > kind:< / span > Secret
< span class = "hljs-attr" > metadata:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > name:< / span > mysecret
< span class = "hljs-attr" > type:< / span > Opaque
< span class = "hljs-attr" > data:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > password:< / span > $(echo < span class = "hljs-string" > " s33msi4" < / span > | base64)
< span class = "hljs-attr" > username:< / span > $(echo < span class = "hljs-string" > " jane" < / span > | base64)
EOF
< / code > < / pre >
< h2 id = "显示和查找资源" > 显 示 和 查 找 资 源 < / h2 >
< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > < span class = "hljs-comment" > # Get commands with basic output< / span >
$ kubectl get services < span class = "hljs-comment" > # 列 出 所 有 namespace 中 的 所 有 service< / span >
$ kubectl get pods --all-namespaces < span class = "hljs-comment" > # 列 出 所 有 namespace 中 的 所 有 pod< / span >
$ kubectl get pods -o wide < span class = "hljs-comment" > # 列 出 所 有 pod 并 显 示 详 细 信 息 < / span >
$ kubectl get deployment my-dep < span class = "hljs-comment" > # 列 出 指 定 deployment< / span >
$ kubectl get pods --include-uninitialized < span class = "hljs-comment" > # 列 出 该 namespace 中 的 所 有 pod 包 括 未 初 始 化 的 < / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > # 使 用 详 细 输 出 来 描 述 命 令 < / span >
$ kubectl describe nodes my-node
$ kubectl describe pods my-pod
$ kubectl get services --sort-by=.metadata.name < span class = "hljs-comment" > # List Services Sorted by Name< / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > # 根 据 重 启 次 数 排 序 列 出 pod< / span >
$ kubectl get pods --sort-by=< span class = "hljs-string" > ' .status.containerStatuses[0].restartCount' < / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > # 获 取 所 有 具 有 app=cassandra 的 pod 中 的 version 标 签 < / span >
$ kubectl get pods --selector=app=cassandra rc -o \
jsonpath=< span class = "hljs-string" > ' {.items[*].metadata.labels.version}' < / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > # 获 取 所 有 节 点 的 ExternalIP< / span >
$ kubectl get nodes -o jsonpath=< span class = "hljs-string" > ' {.items[*].status.addresses[?(@.type==" ExternalIP" )].address}' < / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > # 列 出 属 于 某 个 PC 的 Pod 的 名 字 < / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > # “ jq” 命 令 用 于 转 换 复 杂 的 jsonpath， 参 考 https://stedolan.github.io/jq/< / span >
$ sel=< span class = "hljs-variable" > ${$(kubectl get rc my-rc --output=json | jq -j ' .spec.selector | to_entries | .[] | " \(.key)=\(.value)," ' )%?}< / span >
$ < span class = "hljs-built_in" > echo< / span > $(kubectl get pods --selector=< span class = "hljs-variable" > $sel< / span > --output=jsonpath={.items..metadata.name})
< span class = "hljs-comment" > # 查 看 哪 些 节 点 已 就 绪 < / span >
$ JSONPATH=< span class = "hljs-string" > ' {range .items[*]}{@.metadata.name}:{range @.status.conditions[*]}{@.type}={@.status};{end}{end}' < / span > \
& & kubectl get nodes -o jsonpath=< span class = "hljs-string" > " < span class = "hljs-variable" > $JSONPATH< / span > " < / span > | grep < span class = "hljs-string" > " Ready=True" < / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > # 列 出 当 前 Pod 中 使 用 的 Secret< / span >
$ kubectl get pods -o json | jq < span class = "hljs-string" > ' .items[].spec.containers[].env[]?.valueFrom.secretKeyRef.name' < / span > | grep -v null | sort | uniq
< / code > < / pre >
< h2 id = "更新资源" > 更 新 资 源 < / h2 >
< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > $ kubectl rolling-update frontend-v1 < span class = "hljs-_" > -f< / span > frontend-v2.json < span class = "hljs-comment" > # 滚 动 更 新 pod frontend-v1< / span >
$ kubectl rolling-update frontend-v1 frontend-v2 --image=image:v2 < span class = "hljs-comment" > # 更 新 资 源 名 称 并 更 新 镜 像 < / span >
$ kubectl rolling-update frontend --image=image:v2 < span class = "hljs-comment" > # 更 新 frontend pod 中 的 镜 像 < / span >
$ kubectl rolling-update frontend-v1 frontend-v2 --rollback < span class = "hljs-comment" > # 退 出 已 存 在 的 进 行 中 的 滚 动 更 新 < / span >
$ cat pod.json | kubectl replace < span class = "hljs-_" > -f< / span > - < span class = "hljs-comment" > # 基 于 stdin 输 入 的 JSON 替 换 pod< / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > # 强 制 替 换 ， 删 除 后 重 新 创 建 资 源 。 会 导 致 服 务 中 断 。 < / span >
$ kubectl replace --force < span class = "hljs-_" > -f< / span > ./pod.json
< span class = "hljs-comment" > # 为 nginx RC 创 建 服 务 ， 启 用 本 地 80 端 口 连 接 到 容 器 上 的 8000 端 口 < / span >
$ kubectl expose rc nginx --port=80 --target-port=8000
< span class = "hljs-comment" > # 更 新 单 容 器 pod 的 镜 像 版 本 （ tag） 到 v4< / span >
$ kubectl get pod mypod -o yaml | sed < span class = "hljs-string" > ' s/\(image: myimage\):.*$/\1:v4/' < / span > | kubectl replace < span class = "hljs-_" > -f< / span > -
$ kubectl label pods my-pod new-label=awesome < span class = "hljs-comment" > # 添 加 标 签 < / span >
$ kubectl annotate pods my-pod icon-url=http://goo.gl/XXBTWq < span class = "hljs-comment" > # 添 加 注 解 < / span >
$ kubectl autoscale deployment foo --min=2 --max=10 < span class = "hljs-comment" > # 自 动 扩 展 deployment “ foo” < / span >
< / code > < / pre >
< h2 id = "修补资源" > 修 补 资 源 < / h2 >
< p > 使 用 策 略 合 并 补 丁 并 修 补 资 源 。 < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > $ kubectl patch node k8s-node-1 -p < span class = "hljs-string" > ' {" spec" :{" unschedulable" :true}}' < / span > < span class = "hljs-comment" > # 部 分 更 新 节 点 < / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > # 更 新 容 器 镜 像 ； spec.containers[*].name 是 必 须 的 ， 因 为 这 是 合 并 的 关 键 字 < / span >
$ kubectl patch pod valid-pod -p < span class = "hljs-string" > ' {" spec" :{" containers" :[{" name" :" kubernetes-serve-hostname" ," image" :" new image" }]}}' < / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > # 使 用 具 有 位 置 数 组 的 json 补 丁 更 新 容 器 镜 像 < / span >
$ kubectl patch pod valid-pod --type=< span class = "hljs-string" > ' json' < / span > -p=< span class = "hljs-string" > ' [{" op" : " replace" , " path" : " /spec/containers/0/image" , " value" :" new image" }]' < / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > # 使 用 具 有 位 置 数 组 的 json 补 丁 禁 用 deployment 的 livenessProbe< / span >
$ kubectl patch deployment valid-deployment --type json -p=< span class = "hljs-string" > ' [{" op" : " remove" , " path" : " /spec/template/spec/containers/0/livenessProbe" }]' < / span >
< / code > < / pre >
< h2 id = "编辑资源" > 编 辑 资 源 < / h2 >
< p > 在 编 辑 器 中 编 辑 任 何 API 资 源 。 < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > $ kubectl edit svc/docker-registry < span class = "hljs-comment" > # 编 辑 名 为 docker-registry 的 service< / span >
$ KUBE_EDITOR=< span class = "hljs-string" > " nano" < / span > kubectl edit svc/docker-registry < span class = "hljs-comment" > # 使 用 其 它 编 辑 器 < / span >
< / code > < / pre >
< h2 id = "scale-资源" > Scale 资 源 < / h2 >
< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > $ kubectl scale --replicas=3 rs/foo < span class = "hljs-comment" > # Scale a replicaset named ' foo' to 3< / span >
$ kubectl scale --replicas=3 < span class = "hljs-_" > -f< / span > foo.yaml < span class = "hljs-comment" > # Scale a resource specified in " foo.yaml" to 3< / span >
$ kubectl scale --current-replicas=2 --replicas=3 deployment/mysql < span class = "hljs-comment" > # If the deployment named mysql' s current size is 2, scale mysql to 3< / span >
$ kubectl scale --replicas=5 rc/foo rc/bar rc/baz < span class = "hljs-comment" > # Scale multiple replication controllers< / span >
< / code > < / pre >
< h2 id = "删除资源" > 删 除 资 源 < / h2 >
< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > $ kubectl delete < span class = "hljs-_" > -f< / span > ./pod.json < span class = "hljs-comment" > # 删 除 pod.json 文 件 中 定 义 的 类 型 和 名 称 的 pod< / span >
$ kubectl delete pod,service baz foo < span class = "hljs-comment" > # 删 除 名 为 “ baz” 的 pod 和 名 为 “ foo” 的 service< / span >
$ kubectl delete pods,services < span class = "hljs-_" > -l< / span > name=myLabel < span class = "hljs-comment" > # 删 除 具 有 name=myLabel 标 签 的 pod 和 serivce< / span >
$ kubectl delete pods,services < span class = "hljs-_" > -l< / span > name=myLabel --include-uninitialized < span class = "hljs-comment" > # 删 除 具 有 name=myLabel 标 签 的 pod 和 service， 包 括 尚 未 初 始 化 的 < / span >
$ kubectl -n my-ns delete po,svc --all < span class = "hljs-comment" > # 删 除 my-ns namespace 下 的 所 有 pod 和 serivce， 包 括 尚 未 初 始 化 的 < / span >
< / code > < / pre >
< h2 id = "与运行中的-pod-交互" > 与 运 行 中 的 Pod 交 互 < / h2 >
< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > $ kubectl logs my-pod < span class = "hljs-comment" > # dump 输 出 pod 的 日 志 （ stdout） < / span >
$ kubectl logs my-pod -c my-container < span class = "hljs-comment" > # dump 输 出 pod 中 容 器 的 日 志 （ stdout， pod 中 有 多 个 容 器 的 情 况 下 使 用 ） < / span >
$ kubectl logs < span class = "hljs-_" > -f< / span > my-pod < span class = "hljs-comment" > # 流 式 输 出 pod 的 日 志 （ stdout） < / span >
$ kubectl logs < span class = "hljs-_" > -f< / span > my-pod -c my-container < span class = "hljs-comment" > # 流 式 输 出 pod 中 容 器 的 日 志 （ stdout， pod 中 有 多 个 容 器 的 情 况 下 使 用 ） < / span >
$ kubectl run -i --tty busybox --image=busybox -- sh < span class = "hljs-comment" > # 交 互 式 shell 的 方 式 运 行 pod< / span >
$ kubectl attach my-pod -i < span class = "hljs-comment" > # 连 接 到 运 行 中 的 容 器 < / span >
$ kubectl port-forward my-pod 5000:6000 < span class = "hljs-comment" > # 转 发 pod 中 的 6000 端 口 到 本 地 的 5000 端 口 < / span >
$ kubectl < span class = "hljs-built_in" > exec< / span > my-pod -- ls / < span class = "hljs-comment" > # 在 已 存 在 的 容 器 中 执 行 命 令 （ 只 有 一 个 容 器 的 情 况 下 ） < / span >
$ kubectl < span class = "hljs-built_in" > exec< / span > my-pod -c my-container -- ls / < span class = "hljs-comment" > # 在 已 存 在 的 容 器 中 执 行 命 令 （ pod 中 有 多 个 容 器 的 情 况 下 ） < / span >
$ kubectl top pod POD_NAME --containers < span class = "hljs-comment" > # 显 示 指 定 pod 和 容 器 的 指 标 度 量 < / span >
< / code > < / pre >
< h2 id = "与节点和集群交互" > 与 节 点 和 集 群 交 互 < / h2 >
< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > $ kubectl cordon my-node < span class = "hljs-comment" > # 标 记 my-node 不 可 调 度 < / span >
$ kubectl drain my-node < span class = "hljs-comment" > # 清 空 my-node 以 待 维 护 < / span >
$ kubectl uncordon my-node < span class = "hljs-comment" > # 标 记 my-node 可 调 度 < / span >
$ kubectl top node my-node < span class = "hljs-comment" > # 显 示 my-node 的 指 标 度 量 < / span >
$ kubectl cluster-info < span class = "hljs-comment" > # 显 示 master 和 服 务 的 地 址 < / span >
$ kubectl cluster-info dump < span class = "hljs-comment" > # 将 当 前 集 群 状 态 输 出 到 stdout < / span >
$ kubectl cluster-info dump --output-directory=/path/to/cluster-state < span class = "hljs-comment" > # 将 当 前 集 群 状 态 输 出 到 /path/to/cluster-state< / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > # 如 果 该 键 和 影 响 的 污 点 （ taint） 已 存 在 ， 则 使 用 指 定 的 值 替 换 < / span >
$ kubectl taint nodes foo dedicated=special-user:NoSchedule
< / code > < / pre >
< h2 id = "资源类型" > 资 源 类 型 < / h2 >
< p > 下 表 列 出 的 是 kubernetes 中 所 有 支 持 的 类 型 和 缩 写 的 别 名 。 < / p >
< table >
< thead >
< tr >
< th > 资 源 类 型 < / th >
< th > 缩 写 别 名 < / th >
< / tr >
< / thead >
< tbody >
< tr >
< td > < code > clusters< / code > < / td >
< td > < / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > < code > componentstatuses< / code > < / td >
< td > < code > cs< / code > < / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > < code > configmaps< / code > < / td >
< td > < code > cm< / code > < / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > < code > daemonsets< / code > < / td >
< td > < code > ds< / code > < / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > < code > deployments< / code > < / td >
< td > < code > deploy< / code > < / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > < code > endpoints< / code > < / td >
< td > < code > ep< / code > < / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > < code > event< / code > < / td >
< td > < code > ev< / code > < / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > < code > horizontalpodautoscalers< / code > < / td >
< td > < code > hpa< / code > < / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > < code > ingresses< / code > < / td >
< td > < code > ing< / code > < / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > < code > jobs< / code > < / td >
< td > < / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > < code > limitranges< / code > < / td >
< td > < code > limits< / code > < / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > < code > namespaces< / code > < / td >
< td > < code > ns< / code > < / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > < code > networkpolicies< / code > < / td >
< td > < / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > < code > nodes< / code > < / td >
< td > < code > no< / code > < / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > < code > statefulsets< / code > < / td >
< td > < / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > < code > persistentvolumeclaims< / code > < / td >
< td > < code > pvc< / code > < / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > < code > persistentvolumes< / code > < / td >
< td > < code > pv< / code > < / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > < code > pods< / code > < / td >
< td > < code > po< / code > < / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > < code > podsecuritypolicies< / code > < / td >
< td > < code > psp< / code > < / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > < code > podtemplates< / code > < / td >
< td > < / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > < code > replicasets< / code > < / td >
< td > < code > rs< / code > < / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > < code > replicationcontrollers< / code > < / td >
< td > < code > rc< / code > < / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > < code > resourcequotas< / code > < / td >
< td > < code > quota< / code > < / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > < code > cronjob< / code > < / td >
< td > < / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > < code > secrets< / code > < / td >
< td > < / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > < code > serviceaccount< / code > < / td >
< td > < code > sa< / code > < / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > < code > services< / code > < / td >
< td > < code > svc< / code > < / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > < code > storageclasses< / code > < / td >
< td > < / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > < code > thirdpartyresources< / code > < / td >
< / tr >
< / tbody >
< / table >
< h3 id = "格式化输出" > 格 式 化 输 出 < / h3 >
< p > 要 以 特 定 的 格 式 向 终 端 窗 口 输 出 详 细 信 息 ， 可 以 在 < code > kubectl< / code > 命 令 中 添 加 < code > -o< / code > 或 者 < code > -output< / code > 标 志 。 < / p >
< table >
< thead >
< tr >
< th > 输 出 格 式 < / th >
< th > 描 述 < / th >
< / tr >
< / thead >
< tbody >
< tr >
< td > < code > -o=custom-columns=< spec> < / code > < / td >
< td > 使 用 逗 号 分 隔 的 自 定 义 列 列 表 打 印 表 格 < / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > < code > -o=custom-columns-file=< filename> < / code > < / td >
< td > 使 用 文 件 中 的 自 定 义 列 模 板 打 印 表 格 < / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > < code > -o=json< / code > < / td >
< td > 输 出 JSON 格 式 的 API 对 象 < / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > < code > -o=jsonpath=< template> < / code > < / td >
< td > 打 印 < a href = "https://kubernetes.io/docs/user-guide/jsonpath" target = "_blank" > jsonpath< / a > 表 达 式 中 定 义 的 字 段 < / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > < code > -o=jsonpath-file=< filename> < / code > < / td >
< td > 打 印 由 文 件 中 的 < a href = "https://kubernetes.io/docs/user-guide/jsonpath" target = "_blank" > jsonpath< / a > 表 达 式 定 义 的 字 段 < / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > < code > -o=name< / code > < / td >
< td > 仅 打 印 资 源 名 称 < / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > < code > -o=wide< / code > < / td >
< td > 以 纯 文 本 格 式 输 出 任 何 附 加 信 息 ， 对 于 Pod ， 包 含 节 点 名 称 < / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > < code > -o=yaml< / code > < / td >
< td > 输 出 YAML 格 式 的 API 对 象 < / td >
< / tr >
< / tbody >
< / table >
< h3 id = "kubectl-详细输出和调试" > Kubectl 详 细 输 出 和 调 试 < / h3 >
< p > 使 用 < code > -v< / code > 或 < code > --v< / code > 标 志 跟 着 一 个 整 数 来 指 定 日 志 级 别 。 < a href = "https://github.com/kubernetes/community/blob/master/contributors/devel/logging.md" target = "_blank" > 这 里 < / a > 描 述 了 通 用 的 kubernetes 日 志 约 定 和 相 关 的 日 志 级 别 。 < / p >
< table >
< thead >
< tr >
< th > 详 细 等 级 < / th >
< th > 描 述 < / th >
< / tr >
< / thead >
< tbody >
< tr >
< td > < code > --v=0< / code > < / td >
< td > 总 是 对 操 作 人 员 可 见 。 < / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > < code > --v=1< / code > < / td >
< td > 合 理 的 默 认 日 志 级 别 ， 如 果 您 不 需 要 详 细 输 出 。 < / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > < code > --v=2< / code > < / td >
< td > 可 能 与 系 统 的 重 大 变 化 相 关 的 ， 有 关 稳 定 状 态 的 信 息 和 重 要 的 日 志 信 息 。 这 是 对 大 多 数 系 统 推 荐 的 日 志 级 别 。 < / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > < code > --v=3< / code > < / td >
< td > 有 关 更 改 的 扩 展 信 息 。 < / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > < code > --v=4< / code > < / td >
< td > 调 试 级 别 详 细 输 出 。 < / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > < code > --v=6< / code > < / td >
< td > 显 示 请 求 的 资 源 。 < / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > < code > --v=7< / code > < / td >
< td > 显 示 HTTP请 求 的 header。 < / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > < code > --v=8< / code > < / td >
< td > 显 示 HTTP请 求 的 内 容 。 < / td >
< / tr >
< / tbody >
< / table >
< h2 id = "参考" > 参 考 < / h2 >
< ul >
< li > < a href = "https://kubernetes.io/docs/user-guide/kubectl-overview" target = "_blank" > Kubectl 概 览 < / a > < / li >
< / ul >
< ul >
< li > < a href = "https://kubernetes.io/docs/user-guide/jsonpath" target = "_blank" > JsonPath 手 册 < / a > < / li >
< / ul >
< p > 本 文 是 对 官 方 文 档 的 中 文 翻 译 ， 原 文 地 址 ： < a href = "https://kubernetes.io/docs/user-guide/kubectl-cheatsheet/。" target = "_blank" > https://kubernetes.io/docs/user-guide/kubectl-cheatsheet/。 < / a > < / p >
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