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序言
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1. Kubernetes与云原生应用概览
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2. 概念原理
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2.1 设计理念
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2.2 Objects
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2.2.1 Pod
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2.2.1.1 Pod解析
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2.2.1.2 Init容器
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2.2.1.3 Pod安全策略
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2.2.1.4 Pod的生命周期
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2.2.2 Node
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2.2.3 Namespace
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2.2.4 Service
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2.2.5 Volume和Persistent Volume
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2.2.6 Deployment
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2.2.7 Secret
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2.2.8 StatefulSet
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2.2.9 DaemonSet
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2.2.10 ServiceAccount
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2.2.11 ReplicationController和ReplicaSet
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2.2.12 Job
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2.2.13 CronJob
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2.2.14 Ingress
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2.2.15 ConfigMap
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2.2.15.1 ConfigMap的热更新
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2.2.16 Horizontal Pod Autoscaling
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2.2.17 Label
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2.2.18 垃圾收集
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2.2.19 NetworkPolicy
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3. 用户指南
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3.1 资源对象配置
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3.1.1 配置Pod的liveness和readiness探针
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3.1.2 配置Pod的Service Account
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3.1.3 Secret配置
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3.2.3 管理namespace中的资源配额
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3.2 命令使用
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3.2.1 docker用户过度到kubectl命令行指南
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3.2.2 kubectl命令概览
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3.2.3 kubectl命令技巧大全
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3.3 集群安全性管理
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3.3.1 管理集群中的TLS
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3.3.2 kubelet的认证授权
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3.3.3 TLS bootstrap
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3.3.4 创建用户认证授权的kubeconfig文件
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3.3.5 RBAC——基于角色的访问控制
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3.3.6 IP伪装代理
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3.4 访问 Kubernetes 集群
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3.4.1 访问集群
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3.4.2 使用 kubeconfig 文件配置跨集群认证
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3.4.3 通过端口转发访问集群中的应用程序
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3.4.4 使用 service 访问群集中的应用程序
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3.5 在kubernetes中开发部署应用
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3.5.1 适用于kubernetes的应用开发部署流程
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3.5.2 迁移传统应用到kubernetes中——以Hadoop YARN为例
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3.5.3 使用StatefulSet部署用状态应用
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4. 最佳实践
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4.1 在CentOS上部署kubernetes1.6集群
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4.1.1 创建TLS证书和秘钥
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4.1.2 创建kubeconfig文件
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4.1.3 创建高可用etcd集群
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4.1.4 安装kubectl命令行工具
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4.1.5 部署master节点
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4.1.6 部署node节点
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4.1.7 安装kubedns插件
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4.1.8 安装dashboard插件
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4.1.9 安装heapster插件
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4.1.10 安装EFK插件
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4.2 服务发现与负载均衡
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4.2.1 安装Traefik ingress
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4.2.2 分布式负载测试
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4.2.3 网络和集群性能测试
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4.2.4 边缘节点配置
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4.2.5 安装Nginx ingress
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4.3 运维管理
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4.3.1 服务滚动升级
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4.3.2 应用日志收集
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4.3.3 配置最佳实践
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4.3.4 集群及应用监控
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4.3.6 数据持久化问题
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4.3.7 管理容器的计算资源
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4.4 存储管理
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4.4.1 GlusterFS
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4.4.1.1 使用GlusterFS做持久化存储
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< a href = "../practice/storage-for-containers-using-glusterfs-with-openshift.html" >
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4.4.1.2 在OpenShift中使用GlusterFS做持久化存储
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< a href = "../practice/cephfs.html" >
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4.4.2 CephFS
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< a href = "../practice/using-ceph-for-persistent-storage.html" >
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4.4.2.1 使用Ceph做持久化存储
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4.5 集群与应用监控
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< a href = "../practice/heapster.html" >
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4.5.1 Heapster
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< a href = "../practice/using-heapster-to-get-object-metrics.html" >
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4.5.1.1 使用Heapster获取集群和对象的metric数据
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< a href = "../practice/prometheus.html" >
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4.5.2 Prometheus
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< a href = "../practice/using-prometheus-to-monitor-kuberentes-cluster.html" >
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4.5.2.1 使用Prometheus监控kubernetes集群
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< a href = "../practice/services-management-tool.html" >
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4.6 服务编排管理
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< a href = "../practice/helm.html" >
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4.6.1 使用Helm管理kubernetes应用
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< a href = "../practice/create-private-charts-repo.html" >
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4.6.2 构建私有Chart仓库
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.5.7" data-path = "../practice/ci-cd.html" >
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< a href = "../practice/ci-cd.html" >
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4.7 持续集成与发布
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< a href = "../practice/jenkins-ci-cd.html" >
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4.7.1 使用Jenkins进行持续集成与发布
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< a href = "../practice/drone-ci-cd.html" >
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4.7.2 使用Drone进行持续集成与发布
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4.8 更新与升级
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< a href = "../practice/manually-upgrade.html" >
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4.8.1 手动升级kubernetes集群
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4.8.2 升级dashboard
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5. 领域应用
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5.1 微服务架构
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5.1.1 微服务中的服务发现
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5.2 Service Mesh 服务网格
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5.1.1 Istio
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5.1.1.1 安装并试用Istio service mesh
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< a href = "../usecases/configuring-request-routing.html" >
5.1.1.2 配置请求的路由规则
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.6.2.1.3" data-path = "../usecases/install-and-expand-istio-mesh.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/install-and-expand-istio-mesh.html" >
5.1.1.3 安装和拓展Istio service mesh
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5.1.1.4 集成虚拟机
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5.1.2 Linkerd
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5.1.2.1 Linkerd 使用指南
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5.2 大数据
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5.2.1 Spark standalone on Kubernetes
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.6.3.2" data-path = "../usecases/running-spark-with-kubernetes-native-scheduler.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/running-spark-with-kubernetes-native-scheduler.html" >
5.2.2 运行支持kubernetes原生调度的Spark程序
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.6.4" data-path = "../usecases/serverless.html" >
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5.3 Serverless架构
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5.4 边缘计算
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6. 开发指南
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.7.1" data-path = "../develop/developing-environment.html" >
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6.1 开发环境搭建
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.7.2" data-path = "../develop/testing.html" >
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6.2 单元测试和集成测试
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6.3 client-go示例
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6.4 社区贡献
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6.5 Minikube
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7. 附录
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7.1 Docker最佳实践
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7.2 问题记录
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7.3 使用技巧
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7.4 kubernetes中的应用故障排查
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7.5 Kubernetes相关资讯和情报链接
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本书使用 GitBook 发布
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<!-- Title -->
< h1 >
< i class = "fa fa-circle-o-notch fa-spin" > < / i >
< a href = ".." > 3.5.3 使用StatefulSet部署用状态应用< / a >
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< div class = "page-wrapper" tabindex = "-1" role = "main" >
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< h1 id = "使用statefulset部署有状态应用" > 使 用 StatefulSet部 署 有 状 态 应 用 < / h1 >
< p > < a href = "../concepts/statefulset.html" > StatefulSet< / a > 这 个 对 象 是 专 门 用 来 部 署 用 状 态 应 用 的 ， 可 以 为 Pod提 供 稳 定 的 身 份 标 识 ， 包 括 hostname、 启 动 顺 序 、 DNS名 称 等 。 < / p >
< p > 下 面 以 在 kubernetes1.6版 本 中 部 署 zookeeper和 kafka为 例 讲 解 StatefulSet的 使 用 ， 其 中 kafka依 赖 于 zookeeper。 < / p >
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< p > Dockerfile和 配 置 文 件 见 < a href = "https://github.com/rootsongjc/kubernetes-handbook/tree/master/manifests/zookeeper" target = "_blank" > zookeeper< / a > 和 < a href = "https://github.com/rootsongjc/kubernetes-handbook/tree/master/manifests/kafka" target = "_blank" > kafka< / a > 。 < / p >
< p > < strong > 注 ： < / strong > 所 有 的 镜 像 基 于 CentOS系 统 的 JDK制 作 ， 为 我 的 私 人 镜 像 ， 外 部 无 法 访 问 ， yaml中 没 有 配 置 持 久 化 存 储 。 < / p >
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< h2 id = "部署zookeeper" > 部 署 Zookeeper< / h2 >
< p > Dockerfile中 从 远 程 获 取 zookeeper的 安 装 文 件 ， 然 后 在 定 义 了 三 个 脚 本 ： < / p >
< ul >
< li > zkGenConfig.sh： 生 成 zookeeper配 置 文 件 < / li >
< li > zkMetrics.sh： 获 取 zookeeper的 metrics< / li >
< li > zkOk.sh： 用 来 做 ReadinessProb< / li >
< / ul >
< p > 我 们 在 来 看 下 这 三 个 脚 本 的 执 行 结 果 ： < / p >
< p > zkGenConfig.sh< / p >
< p > zkMetrics.sh脚 本 实 际 上 执 行 的 是 下 面 的 命 令 ： < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > $ < span class = "hljs-built_in" > echo< / span > mntr | nc localhost < span class = "hljs-variable" > $ZK_CLIENT_PORT< / span > > & 1
zk_version 3.4.6-1569965, built on 02/20/2014 09:09 GMT
zk_avg_latency 0
zk_max_latency 5
zk_min_latency 0
zk_packets_received 427879
zk_packets_sent 427890
zk_num_alive_connections 3
zk_outstanding_requests 0
zk_server_state leader
zk_znode_count 18
zk_watch_count 3
zk_ephemerals_count 4
zk_approximate_data_size 613
zk_open_file_descriptor_count 29
zk_max_file_descriptor_count 1048576
zk_followers 1
zk_synced_followers 1
zk_pending_syncs 0
< / code > < / pre >
< p > zkOk.sh脚 本 实 际 上 执 行 的 是 下 面 的 命 令 ： < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > $ < span class = "hljs-built_in" > echo< / span > ruok | nc 127.0.0.1 < span class = "hljs-variable" > $ZK_CLIENT_PORT< / span >
imok
< / code > < / pre >
< p > < strong > zookeeper.yaml< / strong > < / p >
< p > 下 面 是 启 动 三 个 zookeeper实 例 的 yaml配 置 文 件 ： < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-yaml" > < span class = "hljs-meta" > ---< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > apiVersion:< / span > v1
< span class = "hljs-attr" > kind:< / span > Service
< span class = "hljs-attr" > metadata:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > name:< / span > zk-svc
< span class = "hljs-attr" > labels:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > app:< / span > zk-svc
< span class = "hljs-attr" > spec:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > ports:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > - port:< / span > < span class = "hljs-number" > 2888< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > name:< / span > server
< span class = "hljs-attr" > - port:< / span > < span class = "hljs-number" > 3888< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > name:< / span > leader-election
< span class = "hljs-attr" > clusterIP:< / span > None
< span class = "hljs-attr" > selector:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > app:< / span > zk
< span class = "hljs-meta" > ---< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > apiVersion:< / span > v1
< span class = "hljs-attr" > kind:< / span > ConfigMap
< span class = "hljs-attr" > metadata:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > name:< / span > zk-cm
< span class = "hljs-attr" > data:< / span >
jvm.heap: < span class = "hljs-string" > " 1G" < / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > tick:< / span > < span class = "hljs-string" > " 2000" < / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > init:< / span > < span class = "hljs-string" > " 10" < / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > sync:< / span > < span class = "hljs-string" > " 5" < / span >
client.cnxns: < span class = "hljs-string" > " 60" < / span >
snap.retain: < span class = "hljs-string" > " 3" < / span >
purge.interval: < span class = "hljs-string" > " 0" < / span >
< span class = "hljs-meta" > ---< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > apiVersion:< / span > policy/v1beta1
< span class = "hljs-attr" > kind:< / span > PodDisruptionBudget
< span class = "hljs-attr" > metadata:< / span >
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< span class = "hljs-bullet" > -< / span > sh
< span class = "hljs-bullet" > -< / span > -c
< span class = "hljs-bullet" > -< / span > zkGenConfig.sh & & zkServer.sh start-foreground
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< span class = "hljs-bullet" > -< / span > < span class = "hljs-string" > " zkOk.sh" < / span >
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< / code > < / pre >
< p > 我 们 再 主 要 下 上 面 那 三 个 脚 本 的 用 途 。 < / p >
< h2 id = "部署kafka" > 部 署 kafka< / h2 >
< p > Kafka的 docker镜 像 制 作 跟 zookeeper类 似 ， 都 是 从 远 程 下 载 安 装 包 后 ， 解 压 安 装 。 < / p >
< p > 与 zookeeper不 同 的 是 ， 只 要 一 个 脚 本 ， 但 是 又 依 赖 于 我 们 上 一 步 安 装 的 zookeeper， kafkaGenConfig.sh用 来 生 成 kafka的 配 置 文 件 。 < / p >
< p > 我 们 来 看 下 这 个 脚 本 。 < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > < span class = "hljs-meta" > #!/bin/bash< / span >
HOST=`hostname < span class = "hljs-_" > -s< / span > `
< span class = "hljs-keyword" > if< / span > [[ < span class = "hljs-variable" > $HOST< / span > =~ (.*)-([0-9]+)$ ]]; < span class = "hljs-keyword" > then< / span >
NAME=< span class = "hljs-variable" > ${BASH_REMATCH[1]}< / span >
ORD=< span class = "hljs-variable" > ${BASH_REMATCH[2]}< / span >
< span class = "hljs-keyword" > else< / span >
< span class = "hljs-built_in" > echo< / span > < span class = "hljs-string" > " Failed to extract ordinal from hostname < span class = "hljs-variable" > $HOST< / span > " < / span >
< span class = "hljs-built_in" > exit< / span > 1
< span class = "hljs-keyword" > fi< / span >
MY_ID=$((ORD+1))
sed -i s< span class = "hljs-string" > " /broker.id=0/broker.id=< span class = "hljs-variable" > $MY_ID< / span > /g" < / span > /opt/kafka/config/server.properties
sed -i s< span class = "hljs-string" > ' /zookeeper.connect=localhost:2181/zookeeper.connect=zk-0.zk-svc.brand.svc:2181,zk-1.zk-svc.brand.svc:2181,zk-2.zk-svc.brand.svc:2181/g' < / span > /opt/kafka/config/server.properties
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 该 脚 本 根 据 statefulset生 成 的 pod的 hostname的 后 半 截 数 字 部 分 作 为 broker ID， 同 时 再 替 换 zookeeper的 地 址 。 < / p >
< p > < strong > Kafka.yaml< / strong > < / p >
< p > 下 面 是 创 建 3个 kafka实 例 的 yaml配 置 。 < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-yaml" > < span class = "hljs-meta" > ---< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > apiVersion:< / span > v1
< span class = "hljs-attr" > kind:< / span > Service
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< span class = "hljs-attr" > labels:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > app:< / span > kafka
< span class = "hljs-attr" > spec:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > ports:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > - port:< / span > < span class = "hljs-number" > 9093< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > name:< / span > server
< span class = "hljs-attr" > clusterIP:< / span > None
< span class = "hljs-attr" > selector:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > app:< / span > kafka
< span class = "hljs-meta" > ---< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > apiVersion:< / span > policy/v1beta1
< span class = "hljs-attr" > kind:< / span > PodDisruptionBudget
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< span class = "hljs-meta" > ---< / span >
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< span class = "hljs-attr" > kind:< / span > StatefulSet
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< span class = "hljs-attr" > containers:< / span >
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< span class = "hljs-attr" > memory:< / span > < span class = "hljs-string" > " 1Gi" < / span >
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< span class = "hljs-attr" > name:< / span > server
< span class = "hljs-attr" > command:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-bullet" > -< / span > /bin/bash
< span class = "hljs-bullet" > -< / span > -c
< span class = "hljs-bullet" > -< / span > < span class = "hljs-string" > " /opt/kafka/bin/kafkaGenConfig.sh & & /opt/kafka/bin/kafka-server-start.sh /opt/kafka/config/server.properties" < / span >
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value : < span class = "hljs-string" > " -Xmx512M -Xms512M" < / span >
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< span class = "hljs-attr" > timeoutSeconds:< / span > < span class = "hljs-number" > 1< / span >
< / code > < / pre >
< h2 id = "参考" > 参 考 < / h2 >
< p > < a href = "https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/statefulset/" target = "_blank" > https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/statefulset/< / a > < / p >
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< p > < a href = "https://github.com/kubernetes/contrib/tree/master/statefulsets" target = "_blank" > kubernetes contrib - statefulsets< / a > < / p >
< p > < a href = "http://blog.kubernetes.io/2017/01/running-mongodb-on-kubernetes-with-statefulsets.html" target = "_blank" > http://blog.kubernetes.io/2017/01/running-mongodb-on-kubernetes-with-statefulsets.html< / a > < / p >
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< script src = "../gitbook/gitbook-plugin-page-toc-button/plugin.js" > < / script >
< script src = "../gitbook/gitbook-plugin-editlink/plugin.js" > < / script >
< script src = "../gitbook/gitbook-plugin-back-to-top-button/plugin.js" > < / script >
< script src = "../gitbook/gitbook-plugin-search-plus/jquery.mark.min.js" > < / script >
< script src = "../gitbook/gitbook-plugin-search-plus/search.js" > < / script >
< script src = "../gitbook/gitbook-plugin-github-buttons/plugin.js" > < / script >
< script src = "../gitbook/gitbook-plugin-3-ba/plugin.js" > < / script >
< script src = "../gitbook/gitbook-plugin-sharing/buttons.js" > < / script >
< script src = "../gitbook/gitbook-plugin-fontsettings/fontsettings.js" > < / script >
< / body >
< / html >
