2018-10-30 21:14:20 +08:00
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< title > 具备API感知的网络和安全性管理开源软件Cilium · Kubernetes Handbook - Kubernetes中文指南/云原生应用架构实践手册 by Jimmy Song(宋净超)< / title >
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< a href = "https://jimmysong.io/istio-handbook" target = "_blank" class = "custom-link" > Istio Handbook - Istio 中文指南/服务网格实践手册< / a >
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< a href = "https://jimmysong.io/posts/cloud-native-python" target = "_blank" class = "custom-link" > Cloud Native Python（ ） < / a >
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< a href = "http://www.servicemesher.com" target = "_blank" class = "custom-link" > ServiceMesher社区< / a >
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< a href = "https://github.com/alipay/sofa-mesh" target = "_blank" class = "custom-link" > SOFAMesh - 基于Istio的大规模服务网格解决方案< / a >
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< a href = "https://jimmysong.io/posts/cloud-native-java" target = "_blank" class = "custom-link" > Cloud Native Java（ ） < / a >
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< a href = "https://github.com/alipay/sofa-mosn" target = "_blank" class = "custom-link" > SOFAMosn - Golang版的高性能Service Mesh Sidecar代理< / a >
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< a href = "http://www.servicemesher.com/awesome-servicemesh" target = "_blank" class = "custom-link" > Awesome Service Mesh< / a >
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< a href = "https://jimmysong.io" target = "_blank" class = "custom-link" > Jimmy Song< / a >
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< a href = "https://jimmysong.io/awesome-cloud-native" target = "_blank" class = "custom-link" > Awesome Cloud Native< / a >
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< a href = "https://jimmysong.io/posts/cloud-native-go" target = "_blank" class = "custom-link" > Cloud Native Go - 基于Go和React的web云原生应用构建指南< / a >
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< li class = "divider" > < / li >
< li class = "header" > 前言< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.1" data-path = "../" >
< a href = "../" >
< b > 1.1.< / b >
序言
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "header" > 云原生< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "2.1" data-path = "../cloud-native/cloud-native-definition.html" >
< a href = "../cloud-native/cloud-native-definition.html" >
< b > 2.1.< / b >
云原生的定义
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "2.2" data-path = "../cloud-native/cncf.html" >
< a href = "../cloud-native/cncf.html" >
< b > 2.2.< / b >
CNCF - 云原生计算基金会简介
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "2.3" data-path = "../cloud-native/cncf-charter.html" >
< a href = "../cloud-native/cncf-charter.html" >
< b > 2.3.< / b >
CNCF章程
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "2.4" data-path = "../cloud-native/cloud-native-philosophy.html" >
< a href = "../cloud-native/cloud-native-philosophy.html" >
< b > 2.4.< / b >
云原生的设计哲学
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "2.5" data-path = "../cloud-native/play-with-kubernetes.html" >
< a href = "../cloud-native/play-with-kubernetes.html" >
< b > 2.5.< / b >
Play with Kubernetes
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "2.6" data-path = "../cloud-native/cloud-native-local-quick-start.html" >
< a href = "../cloud-native/cloud-native-local-quick-start.html" >
< b > 2.6.< / b >
快速部署一个云原生本地实验环境
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "2.7" data-path = "../cloud-native/kubernetes-and-cloud-native-app-overview.html" >
< a href = "../cloud-native/kubernetes-and-cloud-native-app-overview.html" >
< b > 2.7.< / b >
Kubernetes与云原生应用概览
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< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "2.8" data-path = "../cloud-native/from-kubernetes-to-cloud-native.html" >
< a href = "../cloud-native/from-kubernetes-to-cloud-native.html" >
< b > 2.8.< / b >
云原生应用之路——从Kubernetes到Cloud Native
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "2.9" data-path = "../cloud-native/cloud-native-programming-languages.html" >
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< b > 2.9.< / b >
云原生编程语言
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "2.9.1" data-path = "../cloud-native/cloud-native-programming-language-ballerina.html" >
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< b > 2.9.1.< / b >
云原生编程语言Ballerina
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< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "2.9.2" data-path = "../cloud-native/cloud-native-programming-language-pulumi.html" >
< a href = "../cloud-native/cloud-native-programming-language-pulumi.html" >
< b > 2.9.2.< / b >
云原生编程语言Pulumi
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< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "2.10" data-path = "../cloud-native/the-future-of-cloud-native.html" >
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< b > 2.10.< / b >
云原生的未来
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< / li >
< li class = "header" > 概念与原理< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.1" data-path = "./" >
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< b > 3.1.< / b >
Kubernetes架构
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.1.1" data-path = "concepts.html" >
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< b > 3.1.1.< / b >
设计理念
< / a >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.1.2" data-path = "etcd.html" >
< a href = "etcd.html" >
< b > 3.1.2.< / b >
Etcd解析
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.1.3" data-path = "open-interfaces.html" >
< a href = "open-interfaces.html" >
< b > 3.1.3.< / b >
开放接口
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.1.3.1" data-path = "cri.html" >
< a href = "cri.html" >
< b > 3.1.3.1.< / b >
CRI - Container Runtime Interface（ ）
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.1.3.2" data-path = "cni.html" >
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< b > 3.1.3.2.< / b >
CNI - Container Network Interface（ ）
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< b > 3.1.3.3.< / b >
CSI - Container Storage Interface（ ）
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.2" data-path = "networking.html" >
< a href = "networking.html" >
< b > 3.2.< / b >
Kubernetes中的网络
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.2.1" data-path = "flannel.html" >
< a href = "flannel.html" >
< b > 3.2.1.< / b >
Kubernetes中的网络解析——以flannel为例
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.2.2" data-path = "calico.html" >
< a href = "calico.html" >
< b > 3.2.2.< / b >
Kubernetes中的网络解析——以calico为例
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter active" data-level = "3.2.3" data-path = "cilium.html" >
< a href = "cilium.html" >
< b > 3.2.3.< / b >
具备API感知的网络和安全性管理开源软件Cilium
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.3" data-path = "objects.html" >
< a href = "objects.html" >
< b > 3.3.< / b >
资源对象与基本概念解析
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< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.4" data-path = "pod-state-and-lifecycle.html" >
< a href = "pod-state-and-lifecycle.html" >
< b > 3.4.< / b >
Pod状态与生命周期管理
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.4.1" data-path = "pod-overview.html" >
< a href = "pod-overview.html" >
< b > 3.4.1.< / b >
Pod概览
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< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.4.2" data-path = "pod.html" >
< a href = "pod.html" >
< b > 3.4.2.< / b >
Pod解析
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.4.3" data-path = "init-containers.html" >
< a href = "init-containers.html" >
< b > 3.4.3.< / b >
Init容器
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< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.4.4" data-path = "pause-container.html" >
< a href = "pause-container.html" >
< b > 3.4.4.< / b >
Pause容器
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.4.5" data-path = "pod-security-policy.html" >
< a href = "pod-security-policy.html" >
< b > 3.4.5.< / b >
Pod安全策略
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.4.6" data-path = "pod-lifecycle.html" >
< a href = "pod-lifecycle.html" >
< b > 3.4.6.< / b >
Pod的生命周期
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.4.7" data-path = "pod-hook.html" >
< a href = "pod-hook.html" >
< b > 3.4.7.< / b >
Pod Hook
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.4.8" data-path = "pod-preset.html" >
< a href = "pod-preset.html" >
< b > 3.4.8.< / b >
Pod Preset
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< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.4.9" data-path = "pod-disruption-budget.html" >
< a href = "pod-disruption-budget.html" >
< b > 3.4.9.< / b >
Pod中断与PDB（ ）
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.5" data-path = "cluster.html" >
< a href = "cluster.html" >
< b > 3.5.< / b >
集群资源管理
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.5.1" data-path = "node.html" >
< a href = "node.html" >
< b > 3.5.1.< / b >
Node
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.5.2" data-path = "namespace.html" >
< a href = "namespace.html" >
< b > 3.5.2.< / b >
Namespace
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.5.3" data-path = "label.html" >
< a href = "label.html" >
< b > 3.5.3.< / b >
Label
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.5.4" data-path = "annotation.html" >
< a href = "annotation.html" >
< b > 3.5.4.< / b >
Annotation
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.5.5" data-path = "taint-and-toleration.html" >
< a href = "taint-and-toleration.html" >
< b > 3.5.5.< / b >
Taint和Toleration（ ）
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.5.6" data-path = "garbage-collection.html" >
< a href = "garbage-collection.html" >
< b > 3.5.6.< / b >
垃圾收集
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.6" data-path = "controllers.html" >
< a href = "controllers.html" >
< b > 3.6.< / b >
控制器
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.6.1" data-path = "deployment.html" >
< a href = "deployment.html" >
< b > 3.6.1.< / b >
Deployment
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.6.2" data-path = "statefulset.html" >
< a href = "statefulset.html" >
< b > 3.6.2.< / b >
StatefulSet
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< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.6.3" data-path = "daemonset.html" >
< a href = "daemonset.html" >
< b > 3.6.3.< / b >
DaemonSet
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.6.4" data-path = "replicaset.html" >
< a href = "replicaset.html" >
< b > 3.6.4.< / b >
ReplicationController和ReplicaSet
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.6.5" data-path = "job.html" >
< a href = "job.html" >
< b > 3.6.5.< / b >
Job
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.6.6" data-path = "cronjob.html" >
< a href = "cronjob.html" >
< b > 3.6.6.< / b >
CronJob
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.6.7" data-path = "horizontal-pod-autoscaling.html" >
< a href = "horizontal-pod-autoscaling.html" >
< b > 3.6.7.< / b >
Horizontal Pod Autoscaling
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.6.7.1" data-path = "custom-metrics-hpa.html" >
< a href = "custom-metrics-hpa.html" >
< b > 3.6.7.1.< / b >
自定义指标HPA
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< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.6.8" data-path = "admission-controller.html" >
< a href = "admission-controller.html" >
< b > 3.6.8.< / b >
准入控制器（ ）
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< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.7" data-path = "service-discovery.html" >
< a href = "service-discovery.html" >
< b > 3.7.< / b >
服务发现
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.7.1" data-path = "service.html" >
< a href = "service.html" >
< b > 3.7.1.< / b >
Service
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< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.7.2" data-path = "ingress.html" >
< a href = "ingress.html" >
< b > 3.7.2.< / b >
Ingress
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.7.2.1" data-path = "traefik-ingress-controller.html" >
< a href = "traefik-ingress-controller.html" >
< b > 3.7.2.1.< / b >
Traefik Ingress Controller
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< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.8" data-path = "authentication-and-permission.html" >
< a href = "authentication-and-permission.html" >
< b > 3.8.< / b >
身份与权限控制
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.8.1" data-path = "serviceaccount.html" >
< a href = "serviceaccount.html" >
< b > 3.8.1.< / b >
ServiceAccount
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.8.2" data-path = "rbac.html" >
< a href = "rbac.html" >
< b > 3.8.2.< / b >
RBAC——基于角色的访问控制
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.8.3" data-path = "network-policy.html" >
< a href = "network-policy.html" >
< b > 3.8.3.< / b >
NetworkPolicy
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.9" data-path = "storage.html" >
< a href = "storage.html" >
< b > 3.9.< / b >
存储
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.9.1" data-path = "secret.html" >
< a href = "secret.html" >
< b > 3.9.1.< / b >
Secret
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.9.2" data-path = "configmap.html" >
< a href = "configmap.html" >
< b > 3.9.2.< / b >
ConfigMap
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< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.9.2.1" data-path = "configmap-hot-update.html" >
< a href = "configmap-hot-update.html" >
< b > 3.9.2.1.< / b >
ConfigMap的热更新
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.9.3" data-path = "volume.html" >
< a href = "volume.html" >
< b > 3.9.3.< / b >
Volume
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.9.4" data-path = "persistent-volume.html" >
< a href = "persistent-volume.html" >
< b > 3.9.4.< / b >
Persistent Volume（ ）
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.9.5" data-path = "storageclass.html" >
< a href = "storageclass.html" >
< b > 3.9.5.< / b >
Storage Class
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.9.6" data-path = "local-persistent-storage.html" >
< a href = "local-persistent-storage.html" >
< b > 3.9.6.< / b >
本地持久化存储
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< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.10" data-path = "extension.html" >
< a href = "extension.html" >
< b > 3.10.< / b >
集群扩展
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< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.10.1" data-path = "custom-resource.html" >
< a href = "custom-resource.html" >
< b > 3.10.1.< / b >
使用自定义资源扩展API
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< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.10.2" data-path = "crd.html" >
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< a href = "crd.html" >
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< b > 3.10.2.< / b >
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使用CRD扩展Kubernetes API
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.10.3" data-path = "aggregated-api-server.html" >
< a href = "aggregated-api-server.html" >
< b > 3.10.3.< / b >
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Aggregated API Server
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< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.10.4" data-path = "apiservice.html" >
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< a href = "apiservice.html" >
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< b > 3.10.4.< / b >
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APIService
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< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.10.5" data-path = "service-catalog.html" >
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< b > 3.10.5.< / b >
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Service Catalog
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.11" data-path = "scheduling.html" >
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< b > 3.11.< / b >
资源调度
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.11.1" data-path = "qos.html" >
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< b > 3.11.1.< / b >
QoS（ ）
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< li class = "header" > 用户指南< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.1" data-path = "../guide/" >
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< b > 4.1.< / b >
用户指南
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.2" data-path = "../guide/resource-configuration.html" >
< a href = "../guide/resource-configuration.html" >
< b > 4.2.< / b >
资源对象配置
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.2.1" data-path = "../guide/configure-liveness-readiness-probes.html" >
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< b > 4.2.1.< / b >
配置Pod的liveness和readiness探针
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.2.2" data-path = "../guide/configure-pod-service-account.html" >
< a href = "../guide/configure-pod-service-account.html" >
< b > 4.2.2.< / b >
配置Pod的Service Account
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.2.3" data-path = "../guide/secret-configuration.html" >
< a href = "../guide/secret-configuration.html" >
< b > 4.2.3.< / b >
Secret配置
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.2.4" data-path = "../guide/resource-quota-management.html" >
< a href = "../guide/resource-quota-management.html" >
< b > 4.2.4.< / b >
管理namespace中的资源配额
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.3" data-path = "../guide/command-usage.html" >
< a href = "../guide/command-usage.html" >
< b > 4.3.< / b >
命令使用
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.3.1" data-path = "../guide/docker-cli-to-kubectl.html" >
< a href = "../guide/docker-cli-to-kubectl.html" >
< b > 4.3.1.< / b >
Docker用户过度到kubectl命令行指南
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.3.2" data-path = "../guide/using-kubectl.html" >
< a href = "../guide/using-kubectl.html" >
< b > 4.3.2.< / b >
kubectl命令概览
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.3.3" data-path = "../guide/kubectl-cheatsheet.html" >
< a href = "../guide/kubectl-cheatsheet.html" >
< b > 4.3.3.< / b >
kubectl命令技巧大全
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.3.4" data-path = "../guide/using-etcdctl-to-access-kubernetes-data.html" >
< a href = "../guide/using-etcdctl-to-access-kubernetes-data.html" >
< b > 4.3.4.< / b >
使用etcdctl访问kubernetes数据
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.4" data-path = "../guide/cluster-security-management.html" >
< a href = "../guide/cluster-security-management.html" >
< b > 4.4.< / b >
集群安全性管理
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.4.1" data-path = "../guide/managing-tls-in-a-cluster.html" >
< a href = "../guide/managing-tls-in-a-cluster.html" >
< b > 4.4.1.< / b >
管理集群中的TLS
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.4.2" data-path = "../guide/kubelet-authentication-authorization.html" >
< a href = "../guide/kubelet-authentication-authorization.html" >
< b > 4.4.2.< / b >
kubelet的认证授权
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.4.3" data-path = "../guide/tls-bootstrapping.html" >
< a href = "../guide/tls-bootstrapping.html" >
< b > 4.4.3.< / b >
TLS bootstrap
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.4.4" data-path = "../guide/kubectl-user-authentication-authorization.html" >
< a href = "../guide/kubectl-user-authentication-authorization.html" >
< b > 4.4.4.< / b >
创建用户认证授权的kubeconfig文件
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.4.5" data-path = "../guide/ip-masq-agent.html" >
< a href = "../guide/ip-masq-agent.html" >
< b > 4.4.5.< / b >
IP伪装代理
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.4.6" data-path = "../guide/auth-with-kubeconfig-or-token.html" >
< a href = "../guide/auth-with-kubeconfig-or-token.html" >
< b > 4.4.6.< / b >
使用kubeconfig或token进行用户身份认证
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.4.7" data-path = "../guide/authentication.html" >
< a href = "../guide/authentication.html" >
< b > 4.4.7.< / b >
Kubernetes中的用户与身份认证授权
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.4.8" data-path = "../guide/kubernetes-security-best-practice.html" >
< a href = "../guide/kubernetes-security-best-practice.html" >
< b > 4.4.8.< / b >
Kubernetes集群安全性配置最佳实践
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.5" data-path = "../guide/access-kubernetes-cluster.html" >
< a href = "../guide/access-kubernetes-cluster.html" >
< b > 4.5.< / b >
访问Kubernetes集群
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.5.1" data-path = "../guide/access-cluster.html" >
< a href = "../guide/access-cluster.html" >
< b > 4.5.1.< / b >
访问集群
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.5.2" data-path = "../guide/authenticate-across-clusters-kubeconfig.html" >
< a href = "../guide/authenticate-across-clusters-kubeconfig.html" >
< b > 4.5.2.< / b >
使用kubeconfig文件配置跨集群认证
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.5.3" data-path = "../guide/connecting-to-applications-port-forward.html" >
< a href = "../guide/connecting-to-applications-port-forward.html" >
< b > 4.5.3.< / b >
通过端口转发访问集群中的应用程序
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.5.4" data-path = "../guide/service-access-application-cluster.html" >
< a href = "../guide/service-access-application-cluster.html" >
< b > 4.5.4.< / b >
使用service访问群集中的应用程序
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.5.5" data-path = "../guide/accessing-kubernetes-pods-from-outside-of-the-cluster.html" >
< a href = "../guide/accessing-kubernetes-pods-from-outside-of-the-cluster.html" >
< b > 4.5.5.< / b >
从外部访问Kubernetes中的Pod
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.5.6" data-path = "../guide/cabin-mobile-dashboard-for-kubernetes.html" >
< a href = "../guide/cabin-mobile-dashboard-for-kubernetes.html" >
< b > 4.5.6.< / b >
Cabin - Kubernetes手机客户端
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.5.7" data-path = "../guide/kubernetes-desktop-client.html" >
< a href = "../guide/kubernetes-desktop-client.html" >
< b > 4.5.7.< / b >
Kubernetic - Kubernetes桌面客户端
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.5.8" data-path = "../guide/kubernator-kubernetes-ui.html" >
< a href = "../guide/kubernator-kubernetes-ui.html" >
< b > 4.5.8.< / b >
Kubernator - 更底层的Kubernetes UI
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.6" data-path = "../guide/application-development-deployment-flow.html" >
< a href = "../guide/application-development-deployment-flow.html" >
< b > 4.6.< / b >
在Kubernetes中开发部署应用
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.6.1" data-path = "../guide/deploy-applications-in-kubernetes.html" >
< a href = "../guide/deploy-applications-in-kubernetes.html" >
< b > 4.6.1.< / b >
适用于kubernetes的应用开发部署流程
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.6.2" data-path = "../guide/migrating-hadoop-yarn-to-kubernetes.html" >
< a href = "../guide/migrating-hadoop-yarn-to-kubernetes.html" >
< b > 4.6.2.< / b >
迁移传统应用到Kubernetes中——以Hadoop YARN为例
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.6.3" data-path = "../guide/using-statefulset.html" >
< a href = "../guide/using-statefulset.html" >
< b > 4.6.3.< / b >
使用StatefulSet部署用状态应用
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< li class = "header" > 最佳实践< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.1" data-path = "../practice/" >
< a href = "../practice/" >
< b > 5.1.< / b >
最佳实践概览
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.2" data-path = "../practice/install-kubernetes-on-centos.html" >
< a href = "../practice/install-kubernetes-on-centos.html" >
< b > 5.2.< / b >
在CentOS上部署Kubernetes集群
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.2.1" data-path = "../practice/create-tls-and-secret-key.html" >
< a href = "../practice/create-tls-and-secret-key.html" >
< b > 5.2.1.< / b >
创建TLS证书和秘钥
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.2.2" data-path = "../practice/create-kubeconfig.html" >
< a href = "../practice/create-kubeconfig.html" >
< b > 5.2.2.< / b >
创建kubeconfig文件
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.2.3" data-path = "../practice/etcd-cluster-installation.html" >
< a href = "../practice/etcd-cluster-installation.html" >
< b > 5.2.3.< / b >
创建高可用etcd集群
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.2.4" data-path = "../practice/kubectl-installation.html" >
< a href = "../practice/kubectl-installation.html" >
< b > 5.2.4.< / b >
安装kubectl命令行工具
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.2.5" data-path = "../practice/master-installation.html" >
< a href = "../practice/master-installation.html" >
< b > 5.2.5.< / b >
部署master节点
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.2.6" data-path = "../practice/flannel-installation.html" >
< a href = "../practice/flannel-installation.html" >
< b > 5.2.6.< / b >
安装flannel网络插件
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.2.7" data-path = "../practice/node-installation.html" >
< a href = "../practice/node-installation.html" >
< b > 5.2.7.< / b >
部署node节点
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.2.8" data-path = "../practice/kubedns-addon-installation.html" >
< a href = "../practice/kubedns-addon-installation.html" >
< b > 5.2.8.< / b >
安装kubedns插件
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.2.9" data-path = "../practice/dashboard-addon-installation.html" >
< a href = "../practice/dashboard-addon-installation.html" >
< b > 5.2.9.< / b >
安装dashboard插件
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.2.10" data-path = "../practice/heapster-addon-installation.html" >
< a href = "../practice/heapster-addon-installation.html" >
< b > 5.2.10.< / b >
安装heapster插件
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.2.11" data-path = "../practice/efk-addon-installation.html" >
< a href = "../practice/efk-addon-installation.html" >
< b > 5.2.11.< / b >
安装EFK插件
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.3" data-path = "../practice/install-kubernetes-with-kubeadm.html" >
< a href = "../practice/install-kubernetes-with-kubeadm.html" >
< b > 5.3.< / b >
使用kubeadm快速构建测试集群
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.3.1" data-path = "../practice/install-kubernetes-on-ubuntu-server-16.04-with-kubeadm.html" >
< a href = "../practice/install-kubernetes-on-ubuntu-server-16.04-with-kubeadm.html" >
< b > 5.3.1.< / b >
使用kubeadm在Ubuntu Server 16.04上快速构建测试集群
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.4" data-path = "../practice/service-discovery-and-loadbalancing.html" >
< a href = "../practice/service-discovery-and-loadbalancing.html" >
< b > 5.4.< / b >
服务发现与负载均衡
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.4.1" data-path = "../practice/traefik-ingress-installation.html" >
< a href = "../practice/traefik-ingress-installation.html" >
< b > 5.4.1.< / b >
安装Traefik ingress
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.4.2" data-path = "../practice/distributed-load-test.html" >
< a href = "../practice/distributed-load-test.html" >
< b > 5.4.2.< / b >
分布式负载测试
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.4.3" data-path = "../practice/network-and-cluster-perfermance-test.html" >
< a href = "../practice/network-and-cluster-perfermance-test.html" >
< b > 5.4.3.< / b >
网络和集群性能测试
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.4.4" data-path = "../practice/edge-node-configuration.html" >
< a href = "../practice/edge-node-configuration.html" >
< b > 5.4.4.< / b >
边缘节点配置
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.4.5" data-path = "../practice/nginx-ingress-installation.html" >
< a href = "../practice/nginx-ingress-installation.html" >
< b > 5.4.5.< / b >
安装Nginx ingress
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.4.6" data-path = "../practice/dns-installation.html" >
< a href = "../practice/dns-installation.html" >
< b > 5.4.6.< / b >
安装配置DNS
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.4.6.1" data-path = "../practice/configuring-dns.html" >
< a href = "../practice/configuring-dns.html" >
< b > 5.4.6.1.< / b >
安装配置Kube-dns
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.4.6.2" data-path = "../practice/coredns.html" >
< a href = "../practice/coredns.html" >
< b > 5.4.6.2.< / b >
安装配置CoreDNS
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.5" data-path = "../practice/operation.html" >
< a href = "../practice/operation.html" >
< b > 5.5.< / b >
运维管理
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.5.1" data-path = "../practice/master-ha.html" >
< a href = "../practice/master-ha.html" >
< b > 5.5.1.< / b >
Master节点高可用
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.5.2" data-path = "../practice/service-rolling-update.html" >
< a href = "../practice/service-rolling-update.html" >
< b > 5.5.2.< / b >
服务滚动升级
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.5.3" data-path = "../practice/app-log-collection.html" >
< a href = "../practice/app-log-collection.html" >
< b > 5.5.3.< / b >
应用日志收集
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.5.4" data-path = "../practice/configuration-best-practice.html" >
< a href = "../practice/configuration-best-practice.html" >
< b > 5.5.4.< / b >
配置最佳实践
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< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.5.5" data-path = "../practice/monitor.html" >
< a href = "../practice/monitor.html" >
< b > 5.5.5.< / b >
集群及应用监控
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.5.6" data-path = "../practice/data-persistence-problem.html" >
< a href = "../practice/data-persistence-problem.html" >
< b > 5.5.6.< / b >
数据持久化问题
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< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.5.7" data-path = "../practice/manage-compute-resources-container.html" >
< a href = "../practice/manage-compute-resources-container.html" >
< b > 5.5.7.< / b >
管理容器的计算资源
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.5.8" data-path = "../practice/federation.html" >
< a href = "../practice/federation.html" >
< b > 5.5.8.< / b >
集群联邦
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.6" data-path = "../practice/storage.html" >
< a href = "../practice/storage.html" >
< b > 5.6.< / b >
存储管理
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< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.6.1" data-path = "../practice/glusterfs.html" >
< a href = "../practice/glusterfs.html" >
< b > 5.6.1.< / b >
GlusterFS
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< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.6.1.1" data-path = "../practice/using-glusterfs-for-persistent-storage.html" >
< a href = "../practice/using-glusterfs-for-persistent-storage.html" >
< b > 5.6.1.1.< / b >
使用GlusterFS做持久化存储
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< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.6.1.2" data-path = "../practice/using-heketi-gluster-for-persistent-storage.html" >
< a href = "../practice/using-heketi-gluster-for-persistent-storage.html" >
< b > 5.6.1.2.< / b >
使用Heketi作为Kubernetes的持久存储GlusterFS的external provisioner
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< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.6.1.3" data-path = "../practice/storage-for-containers-using-glusterfs-with-openshift.html" >
< a href = "../practice/storage-for-containers-using-glusterfs-with-openshift.html" >
< b > 5.6.1.3.< / b >
在OpenShift中使用GlusterFS做持久化存储
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.6.2" data-path = "../practice/glusterd-2.0.html" >
< a href = "../practice/glusterd-2.0.html" >
< b > 5.6.2.< / b >
GlusterD-2.0
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< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.6.3" data-path = "../practice/ceph.html" >
< a href = "../practice/ceph.html" >
< b > 5.6.3.< / b >
Ceph
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< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.6.3.1" data-path = "../practice/ceph-helm-install-guide-zh.html" >
< a href = "../practice/ceph-helm-install-guide-zh.html" >
< b > 5.6.3.1.< / b >
用Helm托管安装Ceph集群并提供后端存储
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< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.6.3.2" data-path = "../practice/using-ceph-for-persistent-storage.html" >
< a href = "../practice/using-ceph-for-persistent-storage.html" >
< b > 5.6.3.2.< / b >
使用Ceph做持久化存储
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< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.6.3.3" data-path = "../practice/rbd-provisioner.html" >
< a href = "../practice/rbd-provisioner.html" >
< b > 5.6.3.3.< / b >
使用rbd-provisioner提供rbd持久化存储
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.6.4" data-path = "../practice/openebs.html" >
< a href = "../practice/openebs.html" >
< b > 5.6.4.< / b >
OpenEBS
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< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.6.4.1" data-path = "../practice/using-openebs-for-persistent-storage.html" >
< a href = "../practice/using-openebs-for-persistent-storage.html" >
< b > 5.6.4.1.< / b >
使用OpenEBS做持久化存储
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< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.6.5" data-path = "../practice/rook.html" >
< a href = "../practice/rook.html" >
< b > 5.6.5.< / b >
Rook
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.6.6" data-path = "../practice/nfs.html" >
< a href = "../practice/nfs.html" >
< b > 5.6.6.< / b >
NFS
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.6.6.1" data-path = "../practice/using-nfs-for-persistent-storage.html" >
< a href = "../practice/using-nfs-for-persistent-storage.html" >
< b > 5.6.6.1.< / b >
利用NFS动态提供Kubernetes后端存储卷
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.7" data-path = "../practice/monitoring.html" >
< a href = "../practice/monitoring.html" >
< b > 5.7.< / b >
集群与应用监控
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.7.1" data-path = "../practice/heapster.html" >
< a href = "../practice/heapster.html" >
< b > 5.7.1.< / b >
Heapster
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.7.1.1" data-path = "../practice/using-heapster-to-get-object-metrics.html" >
< a href = "../practice/using-heapster-to-get-object-metrics.html" >
< b > 5.7.1.1.< / b >
使用Heapster获取集群和对象的metric数据
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.7.2" data-path = "../practice/prometheus.html" >
< a href = "../practice/prometheus.html" >
< b > 5.7.2.< / b >
Prometheus
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.7.2.1" data-path = "../practice/using-prometheus-to-monitor-kuberentes-cluster.html" >
< a href = "../practice/using-prometheus-to-monitor-kuberentes-cluster.html" >
< b > 5.7.2.1.< / b >
使用Prometheus监控kubernetes集群
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.7.2.2" data-path = "../practice/promql.html" >
< a href = "../practice/promql.html" >
< b > 5.7.2.2.< / b >
Prometheus查询语言PromQL使用说明
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.7.3" data-path = "../practice/vistio-visualize-your-istio-mesh.html" >
< a href = "../practice/vistio-visualize-your-istio-mesh.html" >
< b > 5.7.3.< / b >
使用Vistio监控Istio服务网格中的流量
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.8" data-path = "../practice/distributed-tracing.html" >
< a href = "../practice/distributed-tracing.html" >
< b > 5.8.< / b >
分布式跟踪
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.8.1" data-path = "../practice/opentracing.html" >
< a href = "../practice/opentracing.html" >
< b > 5.8.1.< / b >
OpenTracing
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.9" data-path = "../practice/services-management-tool.html" >
< a href = "../practice/services-management-tool.html" >
< b > 5.9.< / b >
服务编排管理
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.9.1" data-path = "../practice/helm.html" >
< a href = "../practice/helm.html" >
< b > 5.9.1.< / b >
使用Helm管理Kubernetes应用
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.9.2" data-path = "../practice/create-private-charts-repo.html" >
< a href = "../practice/create-private-charts-repo.html" >
< b > 5.9.2.< / b >
构建私有Chart仓库
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.10" data-path = "../practice/ci-cd.html" >
< a href = "../practice/ci-cd.html" >
< b > 5.10.< / b >
持续集成与发布
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.10.1" data-path = "../practice/jenkins-ci-cd.html" >
< a href = "../practice/jenkins-ci-cd.html" >
< b > 5.10.1.< / b >
使用Jenkins进行持续集成与发布
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.10.2" data-path = "../practice/drone-ci-cd.html" >
< a href = "../practice/drone-ci-cd.html" >
< b > 5.10.2.< / b >
使用Drone进行持续集成与发布
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.11" data-path = "../practice/update-and-upgrade.html" >
< a href = "../practice/update-and-upgrade.html" >
< b > 5.11.< / b >
更新与升级
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.11.1" data-path = "../practice/manually-upgrade.html" >
< a href = "../practice/manually-upgrade.html" >
< b > 5.11.1.< / b >
手动升级Kubernetes集群
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.11.2" data-path = "../practice/dashboard-upgrade.html" >
< a href = "../practice/dashboard-upgrade.html" >
< b > 5.11.2.< / b >
升级dashboard
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "header" > 领域应用< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.1" data-path = "../usecases/" >
< a href = "../usecases/" >
< b > 6.1.< / b >
领域应用概览
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.2" data-path = "../usecases/microservices.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/microservices.html" >
< b > 6.2.< / b >
微服务架构
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.2.1" data-path = "../usecases/service-discovery-in-microservices.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/service-discovery-in-microservices.html" >
< b > 6.2.1.< / b >
微服务中的服务发现
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.2.2" data-path = "../usecases/microservices-for-java-developers.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/microservices-for-java-developers.html" >
< b > 6.2.2.< / b >
使用Java构建微服务并发布到Kubernetes平台
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.2.2.1" data-path = "../usecases/spring-boot-quick-start-guide.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/spring-boot-quick-start-guide.html" >
< b > 6.2.2.1.< / b >
Spring Boot快速开始指南
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.3" data-path = "../usecases/service-mesh.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/service-mesh.html" >
< b > 6.3.< / b >
Service Mesh 服务网格
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.3.1" data-path = "../usecases/the-enterprise-path-to-service-mesh-architectures.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/the-enterprise-path-to-service-mesh-architectures.html" >
< b > 6.3.1.< / b >
企业级服务网格架构
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.3.1.1" data-path = "../usecases/service-mesh-fundamental.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/service-mesh-fundamental.html" >
< b > 6.3.1.1.< / b >
Service Mesh基础
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.3.1.2" data-path = "../usecases/comparing-service-mesh-technologies.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/comparing-service-mesh-technologies.html" >
< b > 6.3.1.2.< / b >
Service Mesh技术对比
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.3.1.3" data-path = "../usecases/service-mesh-adoption-and-evolution.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/service-mesh-adoption-and-evolution.html" >
< b > 6.3.1.3.< / b >
采纳和演进
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.3.1.4" data-path = "../usecases/service-mesh-customization-and-integration.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/service-mesh-customization-and-integration.html" >
< b > 6.3.1.4.< / b >
定制和集成
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.3.1.5" data-path = "../usecases/service-mesh-conclusion.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/service-mesh-conclusion.html" >
< b > 6.3.1.5.< / b >
总结
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.3.2" data-path = "../usecases/istio.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/istio.html" >
< b > 6.3.2.< / b >
Istio
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.3.2.1" data-path = "../usecases/istio-installation.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/istio-installation.html" >
< b > 6.3.2.1.< / b >
安装并试用Istio service mesh
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.3.2.2" data-path = "../usecases/configuring-request-routing.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/configuring-request-routing.html" >
< b > 6.3.2.2.< / b >
配置请求的路由规则
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.3.2.3" data-path = "../usecases/install-and-expand-istio-mesh.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/install-and-expand-istio-mesh.html" >
< b > 6.3.2.3.< / b >
安装和拓展Istio service mesh
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.3.2.4" data-path = "../usecases/integrating-vms.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/integrating-vms.html" >
< b > 6.3.2.4.< / b >
集成虚拟机
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.3.2.5" data-path = "../usecases/sidecar-spec-in-istio.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/sidecar-spec-in-istio.html" >
< b > 6.3.2.5.< / b >
Istio中sidecar的注入规范及示例
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.3.2.6" data-path = "../usecases/istio-community-tips.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/istio-community-tips.html" >
< b > 6.3.2.6.< / b >
如何参与Istio社区及注意事项
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.3.2.7" data-path = "../usecases/istio-tutorial.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/istio-tutorial.html" >
< b > 6.3.2.7.< / b >
Istio教程
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.3.2.8" data-path = "../usecases/istio-tutorials-collection.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/istio-tutorials-collection.html" >
< b > 6.3.2.8.< / b >
Istio免费学习资源汇总
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.3.2.9" data-path = "../usecases/understand-sidecar-injection-and-traffic-hijack-in-istio-service-mesh.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/understand-sidecar-injection-and-traffic-hijack-in-istio-service-mesh.html" >
< b > 6.3.2.9.< / b >
深入理解Istio中的Sidecar注入与流量劫持
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.3.3" data-path = "../usecases/linkerd.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/linkerd.html" >
< b > 6.3.3.< / b >
Linkerd
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.3.3.1" data-path = "../usecases/linkerd-user-guide.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/linkerd-user-guide.html" >
< b > 6.3.3.1.< / b >
Linkerd 使用指南
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.3.4" data-path = "../usecases/conduit.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/conduit.html" >
< b > 6.3.4.< / b >
Conduit
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.3.4.1" data-path = "../usecases/conduit-overview.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/conduit-overview.html" >
< b > 6.3.4.1.< / b >
Condiut概览
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.3.4.2" data-path = "../usecases/conduit-installation.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/conduit-installation.html" >
< b > 6.3.4.2.< / b >
安装Conduit
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.3.5" data-path = "../usecases/envoy.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/envoy.html" >
< b > 6.3.5.< / b >
Envoy
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.3.5.1" data-path = "../usecases/envoy-terminology.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/envoy-terminology.html" >
< b > 6.3.5.1.< / b >
Envoy的架构与基本术语
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.3.5.2" data-path = "../usecases/envoy-front-proxy.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/envoy-front-proxy.html" >
< b > 6.3.5.2.< / b >
Envoy作为前端代理
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.3.5.3" data-path = "../usecases/envoy-mesh-in-kubernetes-tutorial.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/envoy-mesh-in-kubernetes-tutorial.html" >
< b > 6.3.5.3.< / b >
Envoy mesh教程
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.3.6" data-path = "../usecases/sofamesh.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/sofamesh.html" >
< b > 6.3.6.< / b >
SOFAMesh
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.3.6.1" data-path = "../usecases/dubbo-on-x-protocol-in-sofa-mesh.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/dubbo-on-x-protocol-in-sofa-mesh.html" >
< b > 6.3.6.1.< / b >
SOFAMesh中的Dubbo on x-protocol
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.3.7" data-path = "../usecases/sofamosn.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/sofamosn.html" >
< b > 6.3.7.< / b >
SOFAMosn
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.3.7.1" data-path = "../usecases/sofamosn-in-sofamesh.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/sofamosn-in-sofamesh.html" >
< b > 6.3.7.1.< / b >
使用 SOFAMosn 构建 SOFAMesh
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.4" data-path = "../usecases/big-data.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/big-data.html" >
< b > 6.4.< / b >
大数据
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.4.1" data-path = "../usecases/spark-standalone-on-kubernetes.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/spark-standalone-on-kubernetes.html" >
< b > 6.4.1.< / b >
Spark standalone on Kubernetes
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.4.2" data-path = "../usecases/running-spark-with-kubernetes-native-scheduler.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/running-spark-with-kubernetes-native-scheduler.html" >
< b > 6.4.2.< / b >
运行支持Kubernetes原生调度的Spark程序
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.5" data-path = "../usecases/serverless.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/serverless.html" >
< b > 6.5.< / b >
Serverless架构
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.5.1" data-path = "../usecases/understanding-serverless.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/understanding-serverless.html" >
< b > 6.5.1.< / b >
理解Serverless
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.5.2" data-path = "../usecases/faas.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/faas.html" >
< b > 6.5.2.< / b >
FaaS-函数即服务
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.5.2.1" data-path = "../usecases/openfaas-quick-start.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/openfaas-quick-start.html" >
< b > 6.5.2.1.< / b >
OpenFaaS快速入门指南
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.6" data-path = "../usecases/edge-computing.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/edge-computing.html" >
< b > 6.6.< / b >
边缘计算
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.7" data-path = "../usecases/ai.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/ai.html" >
< b > 6.7.< / b >
人工智能
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "header" > 开发指南< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.1" data-path = "../develop/" >
< a href = "../develop/" >
< b > 7.1.< / b >
开发指南概览
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.2" data-path = "../develop/sigs-and-working-group.html" >
< a href = "../develop/sigs-and-working-group.html" >
< b > 7.2.< / b >
SIG和工作组
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.3" data-path = "../develop/developing-environment.html" >
< a href = "../develop/developing-environment.html" >
< b > 7.3.< / b >
开发环境搭建
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.4" data-path = "../develop/using-vagrant-and-virtualbox-for-development.html" >
< a href = "../develop/using-vagrant-and-virtualbox-for-development.html" >
< b > 7.4.< / b >
本地分布式开发环境搭建（ ）
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.5" data-path = "../develop/testing.html" >
< a href = "../develop/testing.html" >
< b > 7.5.< / b >
单元测试和集成测试
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.6" data-path = "../develop/client-go-sample.html" >
< a href = "../develop/client-go-sample.html" >
< b > 7.6.< / b >
client-go示例
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.7" data-path = "../develop/operator.html" >
< a href = "../develop/operator.html" >
< b > 7.7.< / b >
Operator
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.8" data-path = "../develop/operator-sdk.html" >
< a href = "../develop/operator-sdk.html" >
< b > 7.8.< / b >
operator-sdk
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.9" data-path = "../develop/advance-developer.html" >
< a href = "../develop/advance-developer.html" >
< b > 7.9.< / b >
高级开发指南
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.10" data-path = "../develop/contribute.html" >
< a href = "../develop/contribute.html" >
< b > 7.10.< / b >
社区贡献
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.11" data-path = "../develop/minikube.html" >
< a href = "../develop/minikube.html" >
< b > 7.11.< / b >
Minikube
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "header" > 附录< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.1" data-path = "../appendix/" >
< a href = "../appendix/" >
< b > 8.1.< / b >
附录说明
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.2" data-path = "../appendix/debug-kubernetes-services.html" >
< a href = "../appendix/debug-kubernetes-services.html" >
< b > 8.2.< / b >
Kubernetes中的应用故障排查
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.3" data-path = "../appendix/material-share.html" >
< a href = "../appendix/material-share.html" >
< b > 8.3.< / b >
Kubernetes相关资讯和情报链接
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.4" data-path = "../appendix/docker-best-practice.html" >
< a href = "../appendix/docker-best-practice.html" >
< b > 8.4.< / b >
Docker最佳实践
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.5" data-path = "../appendix/tricks.html" >
< a href = "../appendix/tricks.html" >
< b > 8.5.< / b >
使用技巧
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.6" data-path = "../appendix/issues.html" >
< a href = "../appendix/issues.html" >
< b > 8.6.< / b >
问题记录
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.7" data-path = "../appendix/kubernetes-changelog.html" >
< a href = "../appendix/kubernetes-changelog.html" >
< b > 8.7.< / b >
Kubernetes版本更新日志
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.7.1" data-path = "../appendix/kubernetes-1.7-changelog.html" >
< a href = "../appendix/kubernetes-1.7-changelog.html" >
< b > 8.7.1.< / b >
Kubernetes1.7更新日志
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.7.2" data-path = "../appendix/kubernetes-1.8-changelog.html" >
< a href = "../appendix/kubernetes-1.8-changelog.html" >
< b > 8.7.2.< / b >
Kubernetes1.8更新日志
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.7.3" data-path = "../appendix/kubernetes-1.9-changelog.html" >
< a href = "../appendix/kubernetes-1.9-changelog.html" >
< b > 8.7.3.< / b >
Kubernetes1.9更新日志
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.7.4" data-path = "../appendix/kubernetes-1.10-changelog.html" >
< a href = "../appendix/kubernetes-1.10-changelog.html" >
< b > 8.7.4.< / b >
Kubernetes1.10更新日志
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.7.5" data-path = "../appendix/kubernetes-1.11-changelog.html" >
< a href = "../appendix/kubernetes-1.11-changelog.html" >
< b > 8.7.5.< / b >
Kubernetes1.11更新日志
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.7.6" data-path = "../appendix/kubernetes-1.12-changelog.html" >
< a href = "../appendix/kubernetes-1.12-changelog.html" >
< b > 8.7.6.< / b >
Kubernetes1.12更新日志
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.8" data-path = "../appendix/summary-and-outlook.html" >
< a href = "../appendix/summary-and-outlook.html" >
< b > 8.8.< / b >
Kubernetes及云原生年度总结及展望
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.8.1" data-path = "../appendix/kubernetes-and-cloud-native-summary-in-2017-and-outlook-for-2018.html" >
< a href = "../appendix/kubernetes-and-cloud-native-summary-in-2017-and-outlook-for-2018.html" >
< b > 8.8.1.< / b >
Kubernetes与云原生2017年年终总结及2018年展望
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.9" data-path = "../appendix/about-kcsp.html" >
< a href = "../appendix/about-kcsp.html" >
< b > 8.9.< / b >
Kubernetes认证服务提供商（ ）
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.10" data-path = "../appendix/about-cka-candidate.html" >
< a href = "../appendix/about-cka-candidate.html" >
< b > 8.10.< / b >
认证Kubernetes管理员（ ）
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "divider" > < / li >
< li >
< a href = "https://www.gitbook.com" target = "blank" class = "gitbook-link" >
本书使用 GitBook 发布
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / nav >
< / div >
< div class = "book-body" >
< div class = "body-inner" >
< div class = "book-header" role = "navigation" >
<!-- Title -->
< h1 >
< i class = "fa fa-circle-o-notch fa-spin" > < / i >
< a href = ".." > 具备API感知的网络和安全性管理开源软件Cilium< / a >
< / h1 >
< / div >
< div class = "page-wrapper" tabindex = "-1" role = "main" >
< div class = "page-inner" >
< div class = "search-plus" id = "book-search-results" >
< div class = "search-noresults" >
< section class = "normal markdown-section" >
< html > < head > < / head > < body > < h1 id = "具备api感知的网络和安全性管理的开源软件cilium" > 具 备 API感 知 的 网 络 和 安 全 性 管 理 的 开 源 软 件 Cilium< / h1 >
< p > Cilium是 一 个 纯 开 源 软 件 ， 没 有 哪 家 公 司 提 供 商 业 化 支 持 ， 也 不 是 由 某 一 公 司 开 源 ， 该 软 件 用 于 透 明 地 保 护 使 用 Linux容 器 管 理 平 台 （ 如 Docker和 Kubernetes） 部 署 的 应 用 程 序 服 务 之 间 的 网 络 连 接 。 < / p >
< p > Cilium的 基 础 是 一 种 名 为 BPF的 新 Linux内 核 技 术 ， 它 可 以 在 Linux本 身 动 态 插 入 强 大 的 安 全 可 见 性 和 控 制 逻 辑 。 由 于 BPF在 Linux内 核 中 运 行 ， 因 此 可 以 应 用 和 更 新 Cilium安 全 策 略 ， 而 无 需 对 应 用 程 序 代 码 或 容 器 配 置 进 行 任 何 更 改 。 < / p >
2018-11-08 15:12:52 +08:00
< figure id = "fig3.2.3.1" > < a href = "https://ws4.sinaimg.cn/large/006tNbRwly1fwqi98i51ij30sc0j80zn.jpg" data-lightbox = "ae90d472-9111-40f7-afcc-230898ce0d4f" data-title = "Cilium" target = "_blank" > < img src = "https://ws4.sinaimg.cn/large/006tNbRwly1fwqi98i51ij30sc0j80zn.jpg" alt = "Cilium" > < / a > < figcaption > 图 片 - Cilium< / figcaption > < / figure >
2018-10-30 21:14:20 +08:00
< p > 基 于 微 服 务 的 应 用 程 序 分 为 小 型 独 立 服 务 ， 这 些 服 务 使 用 < strong > HTTP< / strong > 、 < strong > gRPC< / strong > 、 < strong > Kafka< / strong > 等 轻 量 级 协 议 通 过 API相 互 通 信 。 但 是 ， 现 有 的 Linux网 络 安 全 机 制 （ 例 如 iptables） 仅 在 网 络 和 传 输 层 （ 即 IP地 址 和 端 口 ） 上 运 行 ， 并 且 缺 乏 对 微 服 务 层 的 可 见 性 。 < / p >
< p > Cilium为 Linux容 器 框 架 （ 如 < a href = "https://www.docker.com/" target = "_blank" > < strong > Docker< / strong > < / a > 和 < a href = "https://kubernetes.io/" target = "_blank" > < strong > Kubernetes） < / strong > < / a > 带 来 了 API感 知 网 络 安 全 过 滤 。 使 用 名 为 < strong > BPF< / strong > 的 新 Linux内 核 技 术 ， Cilium提 供 了 一 种 基 于 容 器 /容 器 标 识 定 义 和 实 施 网 络 层 和 应 用 层 安 全 策 略 的 简 单 而 有 效 的 方 法 。 < / p >
< p > < strong > 注 < / strong > ： Cilium中 文 意 思 是 “ 纤 毛 “ ， 它 十 分 细 小 而 又 无 处 不 在 。 < / p >
< h2 id = "bpf" > BPF< / h2 >
< p > < strong > 柏 克 莱 封 包 过 滤 器 < / strong > （ Berkeley Packet Filter， 缩 写 BPF） ， 是 < a href = "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B1%BBUnix" target = "_blank" > 类 Unix< / a > 系 统 上 < a href = "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E9%93%BE%E8%B7%AF%E5%B1%82" target = "_blank" > 数 据 链 路 层 < / a > 的 一 种 原 始 接 口 ， 提 供 原 始 链 路 层 < a href = "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E5%8C%85" target = "_blank" > 封 包 < / a > 的 收 发 ， 除 此 之 外 ， 如 果 网 卡 驱 动 支 持 < a href = "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B4%AA%E6%B3%9B" target = "_blank" > 洪 泛 < / a > 模 式 ， 那 么 它 可 以 让 网 卡 处 于 此 种 模 式 ， 这 样 可 以 收 到 < a href = "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C" target = "_blank" > 网 络 < / a > 上 的 所 有 包 ， 不 管 他 们 的 目 的 地 是 不 是 所 在 < a href = "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E6%A9%9F" target = "_blank" > 主 机 < / a > 。 参 考 < a href = "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/BPF" target = "_blank" > 维 基 百 科 < / a > 和 < a href = "https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/linux/l-lo-eBPF-history/index.html" target = "_blank" > eBPF简 史 < / a > 。 < / p >
< h2 id = "特性" > 特 性 < / h2 >
< p > 以 下 是 Cilium的 特 性 。 < / p >
< p > < strong > 基 于 身 份 的 安 全 性 < / strong > < / p >
< p > Cilium可 见 性 和 安 全 策 略 基 于 容 器 编 排 系 统 的 标 识 （ 例 如 ， Kubernetes中 的 Label） 。 在 编 写 安 全 策 略 、 审 计 和 故 障 排 查 时 ， 再 也 不 用 担 心 网 络 子 网 或 容 器 IP地 址 了 。 < / p >
< p > < strong > 卓 越 的 性 能 < / strong > < / p >
< p > BPF利 用 Linux底 层 的 强 大 能 力 ， 通 过 提 供 Linux内 核 的 沙 盒 可 编 程 性 来 实 现 数 据 路 径 ， 从 而 提 供 卓 越 的 性 能 。 < / p >
< p > < strong > API协 议 可 见 性 +安 全 性 < / strong > < / p >
< p > 传 统 防 火 墙 仅 根 据 IP地 址 和 端 口 等 网 络 标 头 查 看 和 过 滤 数 据 包 。 Cilium也 可 以 这 样 做 ， 但 也 可 以 理 解 并 过 滤 单 个 HTTP、 gRPC和 Kafka请 求 ， 这 些 请 求 将 微 服 务 拼 接 在 一 起 。 < / p >
< p > < strong > 专 为 扩 展 而 设 计 < / strong > < / p >
< p > Cilium是 为 扩 展 而 设 计 的 ， 在 部 署 新 pod时 不 需 要 节 点 间 交 互 ， 并 且 通 过 高 度 可 扩 展 的 键 值 存 储 进 行 所 有 协 调 。 < / p >
< h2 id = "为什么选择cilium？" > 为 什 么 选 择 Cilium？ < / h2 >
< p > 现 代 数 据 中 心 应 用 程 序 的 开 发 已 经 转 向 面 向 服 务 的 体 系 结 构 （ SOA） ， 通 常 称 为 < em > 微 服 务 < / em > ， 其 中 大 型 应 用 程 序 被 分 成 小 型 独 立 服 务 ， 这 些 服 务 使 用 HTTP等 轻 量 级 协 议 通 过 API相 互 通 信 。 微 服 务 应 用 程 序 往 往 是 高 度 动 态 的 ， 作 为 持 续 交 付 的 一 部 分 部 署 的 滚 动 更 新 期 间 单 个 容 器 启 动 或 销 毁 ， 应 用 程 序 扩 展 /缩 小 以 适 应 负 载 变 化 。 < / p >
< p > 这 种 向 高 度 动 态 的 微 服 务 的 转 变 过 程 ， 给 确 保 微 服 务 之 间 的 连 接 方 面 提 出 了 挑 战 和 机 遇 。 传 统 的 Linux网 络 安 全 方 法 （ 例 如 iptables） 过 滤 IP地 址 和 TCP/UDP端 口 ， 但 IP地 址 经 常 在 动 态 微 服 务 环 境 中 流 失 。 容 器 的 高 度 不 稳 定 的 生 命 周 期 导 致 这 些 方 法 难 以 与 应 用 程 序 并 排 扩 展 ， 因 为 负 载 均 衡 表 和 访 问 控 制 列 表 要 不 断 更 新 ， 可 能 增 长 成 包 含 数 十 万 条 规 则 。 出 于 安 全 目 的 ， 协 议 端 口 （ 例 如 ， 用 于 HTTP流 量 的 TCP端 口 80） 不 能 再 用 于 区 分 应 用 流 量 ， 因 为 该 端 口 用 于 跨 服 务 的 各 种 消 息 。 < / p >
< p > 另 一 个 挑 战 是 提 供 准 确 的 可 见 性 ， 因 为 传 统 系 统 使 用 IP地 址 作 为 主 要 识 别 工 具 ， 其 在 微 服 务 架 构 中 的 寿 命 可 能 才 仅 仅 几 秒 钟 ， 被 大 大 缩 短 。 < / p >
< p > 利 用 Linux BPF， Cilium保 留 了 透 明 地 插 入 安 全 可 视 性 +强 制 执 行 的 能 力 ， 但 这 种 方 式 基 于 服 务 /pod/容 器 标 识 （ 与 传 统 系 统 中 的 IP地 址 识 别 相 反 ） ， 并 且 可 以 根 据 应 用 层 进 行 过 滤 （ 例 如 HTTP） 。 因 此 ， 通 过 将 安 全 性 与 寻 址 分 离 ， Cilium不 仅 可 以 在 高 度 动 态 的 环 境 中 应 用 安 全 策 略 ， 而 且 除 了 提 供 传 统 的 第 3层 和 第 4层 分 割 之 外 ， 还 可 以 通 过 在 HTTP层 运 行 来 提 供 更 强 的 安 全 隔 离 。 。 < / p >
< p > BPF的 使 用 使 得 Cilium能 够 以 高 度 可 扩 展 的 方 式 实 现 以 上 功 能 ， 即 使 对 于 大 规 模 环 境 也 不 例 外 。 < / p >
< h2 id = "功能概述" > 功 能 概 述 < / h2 >
< h3 id = "透明的保护api" > 透 明 的 保 护 API< / h3 >
< p > 能 够 保 护 现 代 应 用 程 序 协 议 ， 如 REST/HTTP、 gRPC和 Kafka。 传 统 防 火 墙 在 第 3层 和 第 4层 运 行 ， 在 特 定 端 口 上 运 行 的 协 议 要 么 完 全 受 信 任 ， 要 么 完 全 被 阻 止 。 Cilium提 供 了 过 滤 各 个 应 用 程 序 协 议 请 求 的 功 能 ， 例 如 ： < / p >
< ul >
< li > 允 许 所 有 带 有 方 法 < code > GET< / code > 和 路 径 < code > /public/.*< / code > 的 HTTP请 求 。 拒 绝 所 有 其 他 请 求 。 < / li >
< li > 允 许 < code > service1< / code > 在 Kafka topic上 生 成 < code > topic1< / code > ， < code > service2< / code > 消 费 < code > topic1< / code > 。 拒 绝 所 有 其 他 Kafka消 息 。 < / li >
< li > 要 求 HTTP标 头 < code > X-Token: [0-9]+< / code > 出 现 在 所 有 REST调 用 中 。 < / li >
< / ul >
< p > 详 情 请 参 考 < a href = "http://docs.cilium.io/en/stable/policy/#layer-7" target = "_blank" > 7层 协 议 < / a > 。 < / p >
< h3 id = "基于身份来保护服务间通信" > 基 于 身 份 来 保 护 服 务 间 通 信 < / h3 >
< p > 现 代 分 布 式 应 用 程 序 依 赖 于 诸 如 容 器 之 类 的 技 术 来 促 进 敏 捷 性 并 按 需 扩 展 。 这 将 导 致 在 短 时 间 内 启 动 大 量 应 用 容 器 。 典 型 的 容 器 防 火 墙 通 过 过 滤 源 IP地 址 和 目 标 端 口 来 保 护 工 作 负 载 。 这 就 要 求 不 论 在 集 群 中 的 哪 个 位 置 启 动 容 器 时 都 要 操 作 所 有 服 务 器 上 的 防 火 墙 。 < / p >
< p > 为 了 避 免 受 到 规 模 限 制 ， Cilium为 共 享 相 同 安 全 策 略 的 应 用 程 序 容 器 组 分 配 安 全 标 识 。 然 后 ， 该 标 识 与 应 用 程 序 容 器 发 出 的 所 有 网 络 数 据 包 相 关 联 ， 从 而 允 许 验 证 接 收 节 点 处 的 身 份 。 使 用 键 值 存 储 执 行 安 全 身 份 管 理 。 < / p >
< h3 id = "安全访问外部服务" > 安 全 访 问 外 部 服 务 < / h3 >
< p > 基 于 标 签 的 安 全 性 是 集 群 内 部 访 问 控 制 的 首 选 工 具 。 为 了 保 护 对 外 部 服 务 的 访 问 ， 支 持 入 口 （ ingress） 和 出 口 （ egress） 的 传 统 基 于 CIDR的 安 全 策 略 。 这 允 许 限 制 对 应 用 程 序 容 器 的 访 问 以 及 对 特 定 IP范 围 的 访 问 。 < / p >
< h3 id = "简单网络" > 简 单 网 络 < / h3 >
< p > 一 个 简 单 的 扁 平 第 3层 网 络 能 够 跨 越 多 个 集 群 连 接 所 有 应 用 程 序 容 器 。 使 用 主 机 范 围 分 配 器 可 以 简 化 IP分 配 。 这 意 味 着 每 个 主 机 可 以 在 主 机 之 间 没 有 任 何 协 调 的 情 况 下 分 配 IP。 < / p >
< p > 支 持 以 下 多 节 点 网 络 模 型 ： < / p >
< ul >
< li > < p > < strong > Overlay< / strong > ： 基 于 封 装 的 虚 拟 网 络 产 生 所 有 主 机 。 目 前 VXLAN和 Geneve已 经 完 成 ， 但 可 以 启 用 Linux支 持 的 所 有 封 装 格 式 。 < / p >
< p > 何 时 使 用 此 模 式 ： 此 模 式 具 有 最 小 的 基 础 架 构 和 集 成 要 求 。 它 几 乎 适 用 于 任 何 网 络 基 础 架 构 ， 唯 一 的 要 求 是 主 机 之 间 可 以 通 过 IP连 接 。 < / p >
< / li >
< li > < p > < strong > 本 机 路 由 < / strong > ： 使 用 Linux主 机 的 常 规 路 由 表 。 网 络 必 须 能 够 路 由 应 用 程 序 容 器 的 IP地 址 。 < / p >
< p > 何 时 使 用 此 模 式 ： 此 模 式 适 用 于 高 级 用 户 ， 需 要 了 解 底 层 网 络 基 础 结 构 。 此 模 式 适 用 于 ： < / p >
< ul >
< li > 本 地 IPv6网 络 < / li >
< li > 与 云 网 络 路 由 器 配 合 使 用 < / li >
< li > 如 果 您 已 经 在 运 行 路 由 守 护 进 程 < / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< / ul >
< h3 id = "负载均衡" > 负 载 均 衡 < / h3 >
< p > 应 用 程 序 容 器 和 外 部 服 务 之 间 的 流 量 的 分 布 式 负 载 均 衡 。 负 载 均 衡 使 用 BPF实 现 ， 允 许 几 乎 无 限 的 规 模 ， 并 且 如 果 未 在 源 主 机 上 执 行 负 载 均 衡 操 作 ， 则 支 持 直 接 服 务 器 返 回 （ DSR） 。 < / p >
< p > < strong > 注 意 < / strong > ： 负 载 均 衡 需 要 启 用 连 接 跟 踪 。 这 是 默 认 值 。 < / p >
< h3 id = "监控和故障排除" > 监 控 和 故 障 排 除 < / h3 >
< p > 可 见 性 和 故 障 排 查 是 任 何 分 布 式 系 统 运 行 的 基 础 。 虽 然 我 们 喜 欢 用 < code > tcpdump< / code > 和 < code > ping< / code > ， 它 们 很 好 用 ， 但 我 们 努 力 为 故 障 排 除 提 供 更 好 的 工 具 。 包 括 以 下 工 具 ： < / p >
< ul >
< li > 使 用 元 数 据 进 行 事 件 监 控 ： 当 数 据 包 被 丢 弃 时 ， 该 工 具 不 仅 仅 报 告 数 据 包 的 源 IP和 目 标 IP， 该 工 具 还 提 供 发 送 方 和 接 收 方 的 完 整 标 签 信 息 等 。 < / li >
< li > 策 略 决 策 跟 踪 ： 为 什 么 丢 弃 数 据 包 或 拒 绝 请 求 。 策 略 跟 踪 框 架 允 许 跟 踪 运 行 工 作 负 载 和 基 于 任 意 标 签 定 义 的 策 略 决 策 过 程 。 < / li >
< li > 通 过 Prometheus导 出 指 标 ： 通 过 Prometheus导 出 关 键 指 标 ， 以 便 与 现 有 仪 表 板 集 成 。 < / li >
< / ul >
< h3 id = "集成" > 集 成 < / h3 >
< ul >
< li > 网 络 插 件 集 成 ： < a href = "https://github.com/containernetworking/cni" target = "_blank" > CNI< / a > 、 < a href = "https://github.com/docker/libnetwork" target = "_blank" > libnetwork< / a > < / li >
< li > 容 器 运 行 时 ： < a href = "https://github.com/containerd/containerd" target = "_blank" > containerd< / a > < / li >
< li > Kubernetes： < a href = "https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/network-policies/" target = "_blank" > NetworkPolicy< / a > 、 < a href = "https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/labels/" target = "_blank" > Label< / a > 、 < a href = "https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/ingress/" target = "_blank" > Ingress< / a > 、 < a href = "https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/service/" target = "_blank" > Service< / a > < / li >
< li > 日 志 记 录 ： syslog、 < a href = "http://www.fluentd.org/" target = "_blank" > fluentd< / a > < / li >
< / ul >
< h2 id = "参考" > 参 考 < / h2 >
< ul >
< li > < a href = "https://cilium.io" target = "_blank" > Cilium官 方 网 站 - cilium.io< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/linux/l-lo-eBPF-history/index.html" target = "_blank" > eBPF 简 史 - ibm.com< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/25672552" target = "_blank" > 网 络 层 拦 截 可 选 项 - zhihu.com< / a > < / li >
< / ul >
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