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1. 前言
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2. 概念原理
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2.1 设计理念
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2.2 主要概念
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2.2.1 Pod
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2.2.1.1 Pod解析
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2.2.2 Node
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2.2.3 Namespace
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2.2.4 Service
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2.2.5 Volume和Persistent Volume
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2.2.6 Deployment
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2.2.7 Secret
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2.2.8 StatefulSet
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2.2.9 DaemonSet
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2.2.10 ServiceAccount
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2.2.11 ReplicationController和ReplicaSet
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2.2.12 Job
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2.2.13 CronJob
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2.2.14 Ingress
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2.2.15 ConfigMap
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2.2.16 Horizontal Pod Autoscaling
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2.2.17 Label
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3. 用户指南
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3.1 资源配置
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3.1.1 配置Pod的liveness和readiness探针
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3.1.2 配置Pod的Service Account
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3.2 命令使用
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3.2.1 使用kubectl
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3.3 集群管理
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3.3.1 管理集群中的TLS
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3.3.2 kubelet的认证授权
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3.3.3 TLS bootstrap
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2017-08-21 17:44:43 +08:00
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3.4 访问 Kubernetes 集群
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3.4.1 访问集群
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3.4.2 使用 kubeconfig 文件配置跨集群认证
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3.4.3 通过端口转发访问集群中的应用程序
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3.4.4 使用 service 访问群集中的应用程序
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3.5 在kubernetes中开发部署应用
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3.5.1 适用于kubernetes的应用开发部署流程
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3.5.2 迁移传统应用到kubernetes中——以Hadoop YARN为例
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2017-08-21 17:44:43 +08:00
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4. 最佳实践
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4.1 在CentOS上部署kubernetes1.6集群
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4.1.1 创建TLS证书和秘钥
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4.1.2 创建kubeconfig文件
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4.1.3 创建高可用etcd集群
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4.1.4 安装kubectl命令行工具
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4.1.5 部署master节点
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4.1.6 部署node节点
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4.1.7 安装kubedns插件
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4.1.8 安装dashboard插件
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4.1.9 安装heapster插件
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4.1.10 安装EFK插件
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4.2 服务发现与负载均衡
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4.2.1 安装Traefik ingress
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4.2.2 分布式负载测试
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4.2.3 网络和集群性能测试
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4.2.4 边缘节点配置
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4.3 运维管理
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4.3.1 服务滚动升级
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4.3.2 应用日志收集
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4.3.3 配置最佳实践
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4.3.4 集群及应用监控
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4.3.5 使用Jenkins进行持续构建与发布
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.6" data-path="../practice/data-persistence-problem.html">
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4.3.6 数据持久化问题
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4.4 存储管理
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4.4.1 GlusterFS
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4.4.1.1 使用GlusterFS做持久化存储
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4.1.2" data-path="../practice/storage-for-containers-using-glusterfs-with-openshift.html">
<a href="../practice/storage-for-containers-using-glusterfs-with-openshift.html">
4.4.1.2 在OpenShift中使用GlusterFS做持久化存储
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5. 领域应用
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5.1 微服务架构
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5.1.1 Istio
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5.1.1.1 安装istio
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5.1.1.2 配置请求的路由规则
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5.1.2 Linkerd
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5.1.2.1 Linkerd 使用指南
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5.1.3 微服务中的服务发现
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5.2 大数据
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5.2.1 Spark on Kubernetes
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6. 开发指南
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6.1 开发环境搭建
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6.2 单元测试和集成测试
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6.3 client-go示例
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6.4 社区贡献
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7. 附录
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.1" data-path="../appendix/docker-best-practice.html">
<a href="../appendix/docker-best-practice.html">
7.1 Docker最佳实践
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7.2 问题记录
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.3" data-path="../appendix/tricks.html">
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7.3 使用技巧
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<h1 id="label">Label</h1>
<p>Label&#x662F;&#x9644;&#x7740;&#x5230;object&#x4E0A;&#xFF08;&#x4F8B;&#x5982;Pod&#xFF09;&#x7684;&#x952E;&#x503C;&#x5BF9;&#x3002;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5728;&#x521B;&#x5EFA;object&#x7684;&#x65F6;&#x5019;&#x6307;&#x5B9A;&#xFF0C;&#x4E5F;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5728;object&#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#x540E;&#x968F;&#x65F6;&#x6307;&#x5B9A;&#x3002;Labels&#x7684;&#x503C;&#x5BF9;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x672C;&#x8EAB;&#x5E76;&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x4EC0;&#x4E48;&#x542B;&#x4E49;&#xFF0C;&#x53EA;&#x662F;&#x5BF9;&#x7528;&#x6237;&#x624D;&#x6709;&#x610F;&#x4E49;&#x3002;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-json"><span class="hljs-string">&quot;labels&quot;</span>: {
<span class="hljs-string">&quot;key1&quot;</span> : <span class="hljs-string">&quot;value1&quot;</span>,
<span class="hljs-string">&quot;key2&quot;</span> : <span class="hljs-string">&quot;value2&quot;</span>
}
</code></pre>
<p>Kubernetes&#x6700;&#x7EC8;&#x5C06;&#x5BF9;labels&#x6700;&#x7EC8;&#x7D22;&#x5F15;&#x548C;&#x53CD;&#x5411;&#x7D22;&#x5F15;&#x7528;&#x6765;&#x4F18;&#x5316;&#x67E5;&#x8BE2;&#x548C;watch&#xFF0C;&#x5728;UI&#x548C;&#x547D;&#x4EE4;&#x884C;&#x4E2D;&#x4F1A;&#x5BF9;&#x5B83;&#x4EEC;&#x6392;&#x5E8F;&#x3002;&#x4E0D;&#x8981;&#x5728;label&#x4E2D;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x5927;&#x578B;&#x3001;&#x975E;&#x6807;&#x8BC6;&#x7684;&#x7ED3;&#x6784;&#x5316;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#xFF0C;&#x8BB0;&#x5F55;&#x8FD9;&#x6837;&#x7684;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x5E94;&#x8BE5;&#x7528;annotation&#x3002;</p>
<h2 id="&#x52A8;&#x673A;">&#x52A8;&#x673A;</h2>
<p>Label&#x80FD;&#x591F;&#x5C06;&#x7EC4;&#x7EC7;&#x67B6;&#x6784;&#x6620;&#x5C04;&#x5230;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x67B6;&#x6784;&#x4E0A;&#xFF08;&#x5C31;&#x50CF;&#x662F;&#x5EB7;&#x5A01;&#x5B9A;&#x5F8B;&#xFF09;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x6837;&#x80FD;&#x591F;&#x66F4;&#x4FBF;&#x4E8E;&#x5FAE;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x7684;&#x7BA1;&#x7406;&#xFF0C;&#x4F60;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x7ED9;object&#x6253;s&#x4E0A;&#x5982;&#x4E0B;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x7684;label&#xFF1A;</p>
<ul>
<li><code>&quot;release&quot; : &quot;stable&quot;</code>, <code>&quot;release&quot; : &quot;canary&quot;</code></li>
<li><code>&quot;environment&quot; : &quot;dev&quot;</code>, <code>&quot;environment&quot; : &quot;qa&quot;</code>, <code>&quot;environment&quot; : &quot;production&quot;</code></li>
<li><code>&quot;tier&quot; : &quot;frontend&quot;</code>, <code>&quot;tier&quot; : &quot;backend&quot;</code>, <code>&quot;tier&quot; : &quot;cache&quot;</code></li>
<li><code>&quot;partition&quot; : &quot;customerA&quot;</code>, <code>&quot;partition&quot; : &quot;customerB&quot;</code></li>
<li><code>&quot;track&quot; : &quot;daily&quot;</code>, <code>&quot;track&quot; : &quot;weekly&quot;</code></li>
<li><code>&quot;team&quot; : &quot;teamA&quot;</code>,<code>&quot;team:&quot; : &quot;teamB&quot;</code></li>
</ul>
<h2 id="&#x8BED;&#x6CD5;&#x548C;&#x5B57;&#x7B26;&#x96C6;">&#x8BED;&#x6CD5;&#x548C;&#x5B57;&#x7B26;&#x96C6;</h2>
<p>Label key&#x7684;&#x7EC4;&#x6210;&#xFF1A;</p>
<ul>
<li>&#x4E0D;&#x5F97;&#x8D85;&#x8FC7;63&#x4E2A;&#x5B57;&#x7B26;</li>
<li>&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x524D;&#x7F00;&#xFF0C;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;/&#x5206;&#x9694;&#xFF0C;&#x524D;&#x7F00;&#x5FC5;&#x987B;&#x662F;DNS&#x5B50;&#x57DF;&#xFF0C;&#x4E0D;&#x5F97;&#x8D85;&#x8FC7;253&#x4E2A;&#x5B57;&#x7B26;&#xFF0C;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x81EA;&#x52A8;&#x5316;&#x7EC4;&#x4EF6;&#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#x7684;label&#x5FC5;&#x987B;&#x6307;&#x5B9A;&#x524D;&#x7F00;&#xFF0C;<code>kubernetes.io/</code>&#x7531;kubernetes&#x4FDD;&#x7559;</li>
<li>&#x8D77;&#x59CB;&#x5FC5;&#x987B;&#x662F;&#x5B57;&#x6BCD;&#xFF08;&#x5927;&#x5C0F;&#x5199;&#x90FD;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#xFF09;&#x6216;&#x6570;&#x5B57;&#xFF0C;&#x4E2D;&#x95F4;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x6709;&#x8FDE;&#x5B57;&#x7B26;&#x3001;&#x4E0B;&#x5212;&#x7EBF;&#x548C;&#x70B9;</li>
</ul>
<p>Label value&#x7684;&#x7EC4;&#x6210;&#xFF1A;</p>
<ul>
<li>&#x4E0D;&#x5F97;&#x8D85;&#x8FC7;63&#x4E2A;&#x5B57;&#x7B26;</li>
<li>&#x8D77;&#x59CB;&#x5FC5;&#x987B;&#x662F;&#x5B57;&#x6BCD;&#xFF08;&#x5927;&#x5C0F;&#x5199;&#x90FD;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#xFF09;&#x6216;&#x6570;&#x5B57;&#xFF0C;&#x4E2D;&#x95F4;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x6709;&#x8FDE;&#x5B57;&#x7B26;&#x3001;&#x4E0B;&#x5212;&#x7EBF;&#x548C;&#x70B9;</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="label-selector">Label selector</h2>
<p>Label&#x4E0D;&#x662F;&#x552F;&#x4E00;&#x7684;&#xFF0C;&#x5F88;&#x591A;object&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x6709;&#x76F8;&#x540C;&#x7684;label&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x901A;&#x8FC7;label selector&#xFF0C;&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#xFF0F;&#x7528;&#x6237;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x6307;&#x5B9A;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;object&#x96C6;&#x5408;&#xFF0C;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;label selector&#x5BF9;object&#x7684;&#x96C6;&#x5408;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x3002;</p>
<p>Label selector&#x6709;&#x4E24;&#x79CD;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#xFF1A;</p>
<ul>
<li><em>equality-based</em> &#xFF1A;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;<code>=</code>&#x3001;<code>==</code>&#x3001;<code>!=</code>&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x7B26;&#xFF0C;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x9017;&#x53F7;&#x5206;&#x9694;&#x591A;&#x4E2A;&#x8868;&#x8FBE;&#x5F0F;</li>
<li><em>set-based</em> &#xFF1A;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;<code>in</code>&#x3001;<code>notin</code>&#x3001;<code>!</code>&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x7B26;&#xFF0C;&#x53E6;&#x5916;&#x8FD8;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x7B26;&#xFF0C;&#x76F4;&#x63A5;&#x5199;&#x51FA;&#x67D0;&#x4E2A;label&#x7684;key&#xFF0C;&#x8868;&#x793A;&#x8FC7;&#x6EE4;&#x6709;&#x67D0;&#x4E2A;key&#x7684;object&#x800C;&#x4E0D;&#x7BA1;&#x8BE5;key&#x7684;value&#x662F;&#x4F55;&#x503C;&#xFF0C;<code>!</code>&#x8868;&#x793A;&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x8BE5;label&#x7684;object</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="&#x793A;&#x4F8B;">&#x793A;&#x4F8B;</h2>
<pre><code class="lang-bash">$ kubectl get pods <span class="hljs-_">-l</span> environment=production,tier=frontend
$ kubectl get pods <span class="hljs-_">-l</span> <span class="hljs-string">&apos;environment in (production),tier in (frontend)&apos;</span>
$ kubectl get pods <span class="hljs-_">-l</span> <span class="hljs-string">&apos;environment in (production, qa)&apos;</span>
$ kubectl get pods <span class="hljs-_">-l</span> <span class="hljs-string">&apos;environment,environment notin (frontend)&apos;</span>
</code></pre>
<h2 id="&#x5728;api-object&#x4E2D;&#x8BBE;&#x7F6E;label-selector">&#x5728;API object&#x4E2D;&#x8BBE;&#x7F6E;label selector</h2>
<p>&#x5728;<code>service</code>&#x3001;<code>replicationcontroller</code>&#x7B49;object&#x4E2D;&#x6709;&#x5BF9;pod&#x7684;label selector&#xFF0C;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x53EA;&#x80FD;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x7B49;&#x4E8E;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#xFF0C;&#x4F8B;&#x5982;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-yaml"><span class="hljs-attr">selector:</span>
<span class="hljs-attr"> component:</span> redis
</code></pre>
<p>&#x5728;<code>Job</code>&#x3001;<code>Deployment</code>&#x3001;<code>ReplicaSet</code>&#x548C;<code>DaemonSet</code>&#x8FD9;&#x4E9B;object&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;&#x652F;&#x6301;<em>set-based</em>&#x7684;&#x8FC7;&#x6EE4;&#xFF0C;&#x4F8B;&#x5982;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-Yaml"><span class="hljs-attr">selector:</span>
<span class="hljs-attr"> matchLabels:</span>
<span class="hljs-attr"> component:</span> redis
<span class="hljs-attr"> matchExpressions:</span>
<span class="hljs-bullet"> -</span> {key: tier, operator: In, values: [cache]}
<span class="hljs-bullet"> -</span> {key: environment, operator: NotIn, values: [dev]}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x5982;Service&#x901A;&#x8FC7;label selector&#x5C06;&#x540C;&#x4E00;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x7684;pod&#x4F5C;&#x4E3A;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x670D;&#x52A1;expose&#x51FA;&#x6765;&#x3002;</p>
<figure id="fig1.2.2.17.1"><img src="../images/labels.png" alt="label&#x793A;&#x610F;&#x56FE;"><figcaption>Figure: label&#x793A;&#x610F;&#x56FE;</figcaption></figure>
<p>&#x53E6;&#x5916;&#x5728;node affinity&#x548C;pod affinity&#x4E2D;&#x7684;label selector&#x7684;&#x8BED;&#x6CD5;&#x53C8;&#x6709;&#x4E9B;&#x8BB8;&#x4E0D;&#x540C;&#xFF0C;&#x793A;&#x4F8B;&#x5982;&#x4E0B;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-Yaml"><span class="hljs-attr"> affinity:</span>
<span class="hljs-attr"> nodeAffinity:</span>
<span class="hljs-attr"> requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:</span>
<span class="hljs-attr"> nodeSelectorTerms:</span>
<span class="hljs-attr"> - matchExpressions:</span>
<span class="hljs-attr"> - key:</span> kubernetes.io/e2e-az-name
<span class="hljs-attr"> operator:</span> In
<span class="hljs-attr"> values:</span>
<span class="hljs-bullet"> -</span> e2e-az1
<span class="hljs-bullet"> -</span> e2e-az2
<span class="hljs-attr"> preferredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:</span>
<span class="hljs-attr"> - weight:</span> <span class="hljs-number">1</span>
<span class="hljs-attr"> preference:</span>
<span class="hljs-attr"> matchExpressions:</span>
<span class="hljs-attr"> - key:</span> another-node-label-key
<span class="hljs-attr"> operator:</span> In
<span class="hljs-attr"> values:</span>
<span class="hljs-bullet"> -</span> another-node-label-value
</code></pre>
<p>&#x8BE6;&#x89C1;<a href="https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes.github.io/tree/master/docs/user-guide/node-selection" target="_blank">node selection</a>&#x3002; </p>
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