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1. 前言
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2. 概念原理
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2.1 设计理念
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2.2 主要概念
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2.2.1 Pod
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2.2.1.1 Pod解析
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2.2.2 Node
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2.2.3 Namespace
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2.2.4 Service
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2.2.5 Volume和Persistent Volume
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2.2.6 Deployment
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2.2.7 Secret
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2.2.8 StatefulSet
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2.2.9 DaemonSet
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2.2.10 ServiceAccount
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2.2.11 ReplicationController和ReplicaSet
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2.2.12 Job
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2.2.13 CronJob
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2.2.14 Ingress
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2.2.15 ConfigMap
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2.2.16 Horizontal Pod Autoscaling
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2.2.17 Label
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3. 用户指南
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3.1 资源配置
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3.1.1 配置Pod的liveness和readiness探针
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3.1.2 配置Pod的Service Account
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3.2 命令使用
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3.2.1 使用kubectl
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3.3 集群管理
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3.3.1 管理集群中的TLS
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3.3.2 kubelet的认证授权
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3.3.3 TLS bootstrap
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2017-08-21 17:44:43 +08:00
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3.4 访问 Kubernetes 集群
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3.4.1 访问集群
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3.4.2 使用 kubeconfig 文件配置跨集群认证
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3.4.3 通过端口转发访问集群中的应用程序
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3.4.4 使用 service 访问群集中的应用程序
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3.5 在kubernetes中开发部署应用
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3.5.1 适用于kubernetes的应用开发部署流程
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3.5.2 迁移传统应用到kubernetes中——以Hadoop YARN为例
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2017-08-21 17:44:43 +08:00
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4. 最佳实践
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4.1 在CentOS上部署kubernetes1.6集群
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.1" data-path="../practice/create-tls-and-secret-key.html">
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4.1.1 创建TLS证书和秘钥
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.2" data-path="../practice/create-kubeconfig.html">
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4.1.2 创建kubeconfig文件
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.3" data-path="../practice/etcd-cluster-installation.html">
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4.1.3 创建高可用etcd集群
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.4" data-path="../practice/kubectl-installation.html">
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4.1.4 安装kubectl命令行工具
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.5" data-path="../practice/master-installation.html">
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4.1.5 部署master节点
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4.1.6 部署node节点
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4.1.7 安装kubedns插件
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4.1.8 安装dashboard插件
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.9" data-path="../practice/heapster-addon-installation.html">
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4.1.9 安装heapster插件
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4.1.10 安装EFK插件
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4.2 服务发现与负载均衡
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4.2.1 安装Traefik ingress
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4.2.2 分布式负载测试
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4.2.3 网络和集群性能测试
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4.2.4 边缘节点配置
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4.3 运维管理
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4.3.1 服务滚动升级
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4.3.2 应用日志收集
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4.3.3 配置最佳实践
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4.3.4 集群及应用监控
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4.3.5 使用Jenkins进行持续构建与发布
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.6" data-path="../practice/data-persistence-problem.html">
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4.3.6 数据持久化问题
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4.4 存储管理
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4.4.1 GlusterFS
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4.4.1.1 使用GlusterFS做持久化存储
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4.4.1.2 在OpenShift中使用GlusterFS做持久化存储
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5. 领域应用
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5.1 微服务架构
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5.1.1 Istio
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.1.1" data-path="../usecases/istio-installation.html">
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5.1.1.1 安装istio
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.1.2" data-path="../usecases/configuring-request-routing.html">
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5.1.1.2 配置请求的路由规则
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5.1.2 Linkerd
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.2.1" data-path="../usecases/linkerd-user-guide.html">
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5.1.2.1 Linkerd 使用指南
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5.1.3 微服务中的服务发现
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5.2 大数据
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.1" data-path="../usecases/spark-on-kubernetes.html">
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5.2.1 Spark on Kubernetes
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6. 开发指南
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6.1 开发环境搭建
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6.2 单元测试和集成测试
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6.3 client-go示例
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6.4 社区贡献
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7. 附录
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.1" data-path="../appendix/docker-best-practice.html">
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7.1 Docker最佳实践
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.2" data-path="../appendix/issues.html">
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7.2 问题记录
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.3" data-path="../appendix/tricks.html">
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7.3 使用技巧
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<p>V1 core&#x7248;&#x672C;&#x7684;Pod&#x7684;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#x6A21;&#x677F;&#x89C1;<a href="../manifests/template/pod-v1-template.yaml">Pod template</a>&#x3002;</p>
<h2 id="&#x4EC0;&#x4E48;&#x662F;pod&#xFF1F;">&#x4EC0;&#x4E48;&#x662F;Pod&#xFF1F;</h2>
<p>Pod&#x5C31;&#x50CF;&#x662F;&#x8C4C;&#x8C46;&#x835A;&#x4E00;&#x6837;&#xFF0C;&#x5B83;&#x7531;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x6216;&#x8005;&#x591A;&#x4E2A;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x7EC4;&#x6210;&#xFF08;&#x4F8B;&#x5982;Docker&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#xFF09;&#xFF0C;&#x5B83;&#x4EEC;&#x5171;&#x4EAB;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x5B58;&#x50A8;&#x3001;&#x7F51;&#x7EDC;&#x548C;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#x9879;&#x3002;Pod&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x603B;&#x662F;&#x88AB;&#x540C;&#x65F6;&#x8C03;&#x5EA6;&#xFF0C;&#x6709;&#x5171;&#x540C;&#x7684;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x73AF;&#x5883;&#x3002;&#x4F60;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x628A;&#x5355;&#x4E2A;Pod&#x60F3;&#x8C61;&#x6210;&#x662F;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x72EC;&#x7ACB;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x7684;&#x201C;&#x903B;&#x8F91;&#x4E3B;&#x673A;&#x201D;&#x2014;&#x2014;&#x5176;&#x4E2D;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x7740;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x6216;&#x8005;&#x591A;&#x4E2A;&#x7D27;&#x5BC6;&#x8026;&#x5408;&#x7684;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x2014;&#x2014;&#x5728;&#x6709;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x4E4B;&#x524D;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x4E9B;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x90FD;&#x662F;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x5728;&#x51E0;&#x4E2A;&#x76F8;&#x540C;&#x7684;&#x7269;&#x7406;&#x673A;&#x6216;&#x8005;&#x865A;&#x62DF;&#x673A;&#x4E0A;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x5C3D;&#x7BA1;kubernetes&#x652F;&#x6301;&#x591A;&#x79CD;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;&#x4F46;&#x662F;docker&#x4F9D;&#x7136;&#x662F;&#x6700;&#x5E38;&#x7528;&#x7684;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x65F6;&#x73AF;&#x5883;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;docker&#x7684;&#x672F;&#x8BED;&#x548C;&#x89C4;&#x5219;&#x6765;&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;Pod&#x3002;</p>
<p>Pod&#x4E2D;&#x5171;&#x4EAB;&#x7684;&#x73AF;&#x5883;&#x5305;&#x62EC;Linux&#x7684;namespace&#xFF0C;cgroup&#x548C;&#x5176;&#x4ED6;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x7684;&#x9694;&#x7EDD;&#x73AF;&#x5883;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x4E00;&#x70B9;&#x8DDF;docker&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x4E00;&#x81F4;&#x3002;&#x5728;Pod&#x7684;&#x73AF;&#x5883;&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;&#x6BCF;&#x4E2A;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x4E2D;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x8FD8;&#x6709;&#x66F4;&#x5C0F;&#x7684;&#x5B50;&#x9694;&#x79BB;&#x73AF;&#x5883;&#x3002;</p>
<p>Pod&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x5171;&#x4EAB;IP&#x5730;&#x5740;&#x548C;&#x7AEF;&#x53E3;&#x53F7;&#xFF0C;&#x5B83;&#x4EEC;&#x4E4B;&#x95F4;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;<code>localhost</code>&#x4E92;&#x76F8;&#x53D1;&#x73B0;&#x3002;&#x5B83;&#x4EEC;&#x4E4B;&#x95F4;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x8FDB;&#x7A0B;&#x95F4;&#x901A;&#x4FE1;&#xFF0C;&#x4F8B;&#x5982;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNIX_System_V" target="_blank">SystemV</a>&#x4FE1;&#x53F7;&#x6216;&#x8005;POSIX&#x5171;&#x4EAB;&#x5185;&#x5B58;&#x3002;&#x4E0D;&#x540C;Pod&#x4E4B;&#x95F4;&#x7684;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x5177;&#x6709;&#x4E0D;&#x540C;&#x7684;IP&#x5730;&#x5740;&#xFF0C;&#x4E0D;&#x80FD;&#x76F4;&#x63A5;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;IPC&#x901A;&#x4FE1;&#x3002;</p>
<p>Pod&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x4E5F;&#x6709;&#x8BBF;&#x95EE;&#x5171;&#x4EAB;volume&#x7684;&#x6743;&#x9650;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x4E9B;volume&#x4F1A;&#x88AB;&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;&#x6210;pod&#x7684;&#x4E00;&#x90E8;&#x5206;&#x5E76;&#x6302;&#x8F7D;&#x5230;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x7684;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x4E2D;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x6839;&#x636E;docker&#x7684;&#x7ED3;&#x6784;&#xFF0C;Pod&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x5171;&#x4EAB;namespace&#x548C;volume&#xFF0C;&#x4E0D;&#x652F;&#x6301;&#x5171;&#x4EAB;PID&#x7684;namespace&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x5C31;&#x50CF;&#x6BCF;&#x4E2A;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#xFF0C;pod&#x88AB;&#x8BA4;&#x4E3A;&#x662F;&#x4E34;&#x65F6;&#xFF08;&#x975E;&#x6301;&#x4E45;&#x7684;&#xFF09;&#x5B9E;&#x4F53;&#x3002;&#x5728;Pod&#x7684;&#x751F;&#x547D;&#x5468;&#x671F;&#x4E2D;&#x8BA8;&#x8BBA;&#x8FC7;&#xFF0C;pod&#x88AB;&#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#x540E;&#xFF0C;&#x88AB;&#x5206;&#x914D;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x552F;&#x4E00;&#x7684;UI&#xFF08;UID&#xFF09;&#xFF0C;&#x8C03;&#x5EA6;&#x5230;&#x8282;&#x70B9;&#x4E0A;&#xFF0C;&#x5E76;&#x4E00;&#x81F4;&#x7EF4;&#x6301;&#x671F;&#x671B;&#x7684;&#x72B6;&#x6001;&#x77E5;&#x9053;&#x88AB;&#x7EC8;&#x7ED3;&#xFF08;&#x6839;&#x636E;&#x91CD;&#x542F;&#x7B56;&#x7565;&#xFF09;&#x6216;&#x8005;&#x88AB;&#x5220;&#x9664;&#x3002;&#x5982;&#x679C;node&#x6B7B;&#x6389;&#x4E86;&#xFF0C;&#x5206;&#x914D;&#x5230;&#x4E86;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;node&#x4E0A;&#x7684;pod&#xFF0C;&#x5728;&#x7ECF;&#x8FC7;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x8D85;&#x65F6;&#x65F6;&#x95F4;&#x540E;&#x4F1A;&#x88AB;&#x91CD;&#x65B0;&#x8C03;&#x5EA6;&#x5230;&#x5176;&#x4ED6;node&#x8282;&#x70B9;&#x4E0A;&#x3002;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x7ED9;&#x5B9A;&#x7684;pod&#xFF08;&#x5982;UID&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;&#x7684;&#xFF09;&#x4E0D;&#x4F1A;&#x88AB;&#x201C;&#x91CD;&#x65B0;&#x8C03;&#x5EA6;&#x201D;&#x5230;&#x65B0;&#x7684;&#x8282;&#x70B9;&#x4E0A;&#xFF0C;&#x800C;&#x662F;&#x88AB;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x540C;&#x6837;&#x7684;pod&#x53D6;&#x4EE3;&#xFF0C;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x671F;&#x671B;&#x7684;&#x8BDD;&#x751A;&#x81F3;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x662F;&#x76F8;&#x540C;&#x7684;&#x540D;&#x5B57;&#xFF0C;&#x4F46;&#x662F;&#x4F1A;&#x6709;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x65B0;&#x7684;UID&#xFF08;&#x67E5;&#x770B;replication controller&#x83B7;&#x53D6;&#x8BE6;&#x60C5;&#xFF09;&#x3002;&#xFF08;&#x672A;&#x6765;&#xFF0C;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x66F4;&#x9AD8;&#x7EA7;&#x522B;&#x7684;API&#x5C06;&#x652F;&#x6301;pod&#x8FC1;&#x79FB;&#xFF09;&#x3002;</p>
<p>Volume&#x8DDF;pod&#x6709;&#x76F8;&#x540C;&#x7684;&#x751F;&#x547D;&#x5468;&#x671F;&#xFF08;&#x5F53;&#x5176;UID&#x5B58;&#x5728;&#x7684;&#x65F6;&#x5019;&#xFF09;&#x3002;&#x5F53;Pod&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;&#x67D0;&#x79CD;&#x539F;&#x56E0;&#x88AB;&#x5220;&#x9664;&#x6216;&#x8005;&#x88AB;&#x65B0;&#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#x7684;&#x76F8;&#x540C;&#x7684;Pod&#x53D6;&#x4EE3;&#xFF0C;&#x5B83;&#x76F8;&#x5173;&#x7684;&#x4E1C;&#x897F;&#xFF08;&#x4F8B;&#x5982;volume&#xFF09;&#x4E5F;&#x4F1A;&#x88AB;&#x9500;&#x6BC1;&#x548C;&#x518D;&#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x65B0;&#x7684;volume&#x3002;</p>
<figure id="fig1.2.2.1.1.1"><img src="../images/pod-overview.png" alt="Pod&#x793A;&#x610F;&#x56FE;"><figcaption>Figure: Pod&#x793A;&#x610F;&#x56FE;</figcaption></figure>
<p><em>A multi-container pod that contains a file puller and a web server that uses a persistent volume for shared storage between the containers.</em></p>
<h2 id="pod&#x7684;&#x52A8;&#x673A;">Pod&#x7684;&#x52A8;&#x673A;</h2>
<h3 id="&#x7BA1;&#x7406;">&#x7BA1;&#x7406;</h3>
<p>Pod&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x7684;&#x591A;&#x4E2A;&#x8FDB;&#x7A0B;&#x7684;&#x805A;&#x5408;&#x5355;&#x4F4D;&#xFF0C;pod&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x8FD9;&#x79CD;&#x6A21;&#x578B;&#x80FD;&#x591F;&#x7B80;&#x5316;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x90E8;&#x7F72;&#x7BA1;&#x7406;&#xFF0C;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x66F4;&#x9AD8;&#x7EA7;&#x522B;&#x7684;&#x62BD;&#x8C61;&#x7684;&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;&#x3002;Pod&#x4F5C;&#x4E3A;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x72EC;&#x7ACB;&#x7684;&#x90E8;&#x7F72;&#x5355;&#x4F4D;&#xFF0C;&#x652F;&#x6301;&#x6A2A;&#x5411;&#x6269;&#x5C55;&#x548C;&#x590D;&#x5236;&#x3002;&#x5171;&#x751F;&#xFF08;&#x534F;&#x540C;&#x8C03;&#x5EA6;&#xFF09;&#xFF0C;&#x547D;&#x8FD0;&#x5171;&#x540C;&#x4F53;&#xFF08;&#x4F8B;&#x5982;&#x88AB;&#x7EC8;&#x7ED3;&#xFF09;&#xFF0C;&#x534F;&#x540C;&#x590D;&#x5236;&#xFF0C;&#x8D44;&#x6E90;&#x5171;&#x4EAB;&#xFF0C;&#x4F9D;&#x8D56;&#x7BA1;&#x7406;&#xFF0C;Pod&#x90FD;&#x4F1A;&#x81EA;&#x52A8;&#x7684;&#x4E3A;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x5904;&#x7406;&#x8FD9;&#x4E9B;&#x95EE;&#x9898;&#x3002;</p>
<h3 id="&#x8D44;&#x6E90;&#x5171;&#x4EAB;&#x548C;&#x901A;&#x4FE1;">&#x8D44;&#x6E90;&#x5171;&#x4EAB;&#x548C;&#x901A;&#x4FE1;</h3>
<p>Pod&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5171;&#x4EAB;&#x7F51;&#x7EDC;&#x7A7A;&#x95F4;&#xFF08;IP&#x5730;&#x5740;&#x548C;&#x7AEF;&#x53E3;&#xFF09;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x6B64;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;<code>localhost</code>&#x4E92;&#x76F8;&#x53D1;&#x73B0;&#x3002;&#x56E0;&#x6B64;&#xFF0C;pod&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x5FC5;&#x987B;&#x534F;&#x8C03;&#x7AEF;&#x53E3;&#x5360;&#x7528;&#x3002;&#x6BCF;&#x4E2A;pod&#x90FD;&#x6709;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x552F;&#x4E00;&#x7684;IP&#x5730;&#x5740;&#xFF0C;&#x8DDF;&#x7269;&#x7406;&#x673A;&#x548C;&#x5176;&#x4ED6;pod&#x90FD;&#x5904;&#x4E8E;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x6241;&#x5E73;&#x7684;&#x7F51;&#x7EDC;&#x7A7A;&#x95F4;&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;&#x5B83;&#x4EEC;&#x4E4B;&#x95F4;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x76F4;&#x63A5;&#x8FDE;&#x901A;&#x3002;</p>
<p>Pod&#x4E2D;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x7684;hostname&#x88AB;&#x88AB;&#x8BBE;&#x7F6E;&#x6210;Pod&#x7684;&#x540D;&#x5B57;&#x3002;</p>
<p>Pod&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5171;&#x4EAB;volume&#x3002;Volume&#x80FD;&#x591F;&#x4FDD;&#x8BC1;pod&#x91CD;&#x542F;&#x65F6;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x7684;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x4E0D;&#x4E22;&#x5931;&#x3002;</p>
<h2 id="pod&#x7684;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;">Pod&#x7684;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;</h2>
<p>Pod&#x4E5F;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x7528;&#x4E8E;&#x5782;&#x76F4;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x6808;&#xFF08;&#x4F8B;&#x5982;LAMP&#xFF09;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x6837;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x7684;&#x4E3B;&#x8981;&#x52A8;&#x673A;&#x662F;&#x4E3A;&#x4E86;&#x652F;&#x6301;&#x5171;&#x540C;&#x8C03;&#x5EA6;&#x548C;&#x534F;&#x8C03;&#x7BA1;&#x7406;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#xFF0C;&#x4F8B;&#x5982;&#xFF1A;</p>
<ul>
<li>content management systems, file and data loaders, local cache managers, etc.</li>
<li>log and checkpoint backup, compression, rotation, snapshotting, etc.</li>
<li>data change watchers, log tailers, logging and monitoring adapters, event publishers, etc.</li>
<li>proxies, bridges, and adapters</li>
<li>controllers, managers, configurators, and updaters</li>
</ul>
<p>&#x901A;&#x5E38;&#x5355;&#x4E2A;pod&#x4E2D;&#x4E0D;&#x4F1A;&#x540C;&#x65F6;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x7684;&#x591A;&#x4E2A;&#x5B9E;&#x4F8B;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x8BE6;&#x7EC6;&#x8BF4;&#x660E;&#x8BF7;&#x770B;&#xFF1A; <a href="http://blog.kubernetes.io/2015/06/the-distributed-system-toolkit-patterns.html" target="_blank">The Distributed System ToolKit: Patterns for Composite Containers</a>.</p>
<h2 id="&#x5176;&#x4ED6;&#x66FF;&#x4EE3;&#x9009;&#x62E9;">&#x5176;&#x4ED6;&#x66FF;&#x4EE3;&#x9009;&#x62E9;</h2>
<p><strong>&#x4E3A;&#x4EC0;&#x4E48;&#x4E0D;&#x76F4;&#x63A5;&#x5728;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x4E2D;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x591A;&#x4E2A;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x5462;&#xFF1F;</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>&#x900F;&#x660E;&#x3002;&#x8BA9;Pod&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x5BF9;&#x57FA;&#x7840;&#x8BBE;&#x65BD;&#x53EF;&#x89C1;&#xFF0C;&#x4EE5;&#x4FBF;&#x57FA;&#x7840;&#x8BBE;&#x65BD;&#x80FD;&#x591F;&#x4E3A;&#x8FD9;&#x4E9B;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#xFF0C;&#x4F8B;&#x5982;&#x8FDB;&#x7A0B;&#x7BA1;&#x7406;&#x548C;&#x8D44;&#x6E90;&#x76D1;&#x63A7;&#x3002;&#x8FD9;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x4E3A;&#x7528;&#x6237;&#x5E26;&#x6765;&#x6781;&#x5927;&#x7684;&#x4FBF;&#x5229;&#x3002;</li>
<li>&#x89E3;&#x8026;&#x8F6F;&#x4EF6;&#x4F9D;&#x8D56;&#x3002;&#x6BCF;&#x4E2A;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x90FD;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x7248;&#x672C;&#x7BA1;&#x7406;&#xFF0C;&#x72EC;&#x7ACB;&#x7684;&#x7F16;&#x8BD1;&#x548C;&#x53D1;&#x5E03;&#x3002;&#x672A;&#x6765;kubernetes&#x751A;&#x81F3;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x652F;&#x6301;&#x5355;&#x4E2A;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x7684;&#x5728;&#x7EBF;&#x5347;&#x7EA7;&#x3002;</li>
<li>&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x65B9;&#x4FBF;&#x3002;&#x7528;&#x6237;&#x4E0D;&#x5FC5;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x81EA;&#x5DF1;&#x7684;&#x8FDB;&#x7A0B;&#x7BA1;&#x7406;&#x5668;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD8;&#x8981;&#x62C5;&#x5FC3;&#x9519;&#x8BEF;&#x4FE1;&#x53F7;&#x4F20;&#x64AD;&#x7B49;&#x3002;</li>
<li>&#x6548;&#x7387;&#x3002;&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;&#x7531;&#x57FA;&#x7840;&#x67B6;&#x6784;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x66F4;&#x591A;&#x7684;&#x804C;&#x8D23;&#xFF0C;&#x6240;&#x4EE5;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x53D8;&#x5F97;&#x66F4;&#x52A0;&#x8F7B;&#x91CF;&#x7EA7;&#x3002;</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>&#x4E3A;&#x4EC0;&#x4E48;&#x4E0D;&#x652F;&#x6301;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x7684;&#x4EB2;&#x548C;&#x6027;&#x7684;&#x534F;&#x540C;&#x8C03;&#x5EA6;&#xFF1F;</strong></p>
<p>&#x8FD9;&#x79CD;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x7684;&#x534F;&#x540C;&#x5B9A;&#x4F4D;&#xFF0C;&#x80FD;&#x591F;&#x6839;&#x636E;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x7684;&#x4EB2;&#x548C;&#x6027;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x8C03;&#x5EA6;&#xFF0C;&#x4F46;&#x662F;&#x65E0;&#x6CD5;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;pod&#x5E26;&#x6765;&#x7684;&#x5927;&#x90E8;&#x5206;&#x597D;&#x5904;&#xFF0C;&#x4F8B;&#x5982;&#x8D44;&#x6E90;&#x5171;&#x4EAB;&#xFF0C;IPC&#xFF0C;&#x4FDD;&#x6301;&#x72B6;&#x6001;&#x4E00;&#x81F4;&#x6027;&#x548C;&#x7B80;&#x5316;&#x7BA1;&#x7406;&#x7B49;&#x3002;</p>
<h2 id="pod&#x7684;&#x6301;&#x4E45;&#x6027;&#xFF08;&#x6216;&#x8005;&#x8BF4;&#x7F3A;&#x4E4F;&#x6301;&#x4E45;&#x6027;&#xFF09;">Pod&#x7684;&#x6301;&#x4E45;&#x6027;&#xFF08;&#x6216;&#x8005;&#x8BF4;&#x7F3A;&#x4E4F;&#x6301;&#x4E45;&#x6027;&#xFF09;</h2>
<p>Pod&#x5728;&#x8BBE;&#x8BA1;&#x652F;&#x6301;&#x5C31;&#x4E0D;&#x662F;&#x4F5C;&#x4E3A;&#x6301;&#x4E45;&#x5316;&#x5B9E;&#x4F53;&#x7684;&#x3002;&#x5728;&#x8C03;&#x5EA6;&#x5931;&#x8D25;&#x3001;&#x8282;&#x70B9;&#x6545;&#x969C;&#x3001;&#x7F3A;&#x5C11;&#x8D44;&#x6E90;&#x6216;&#x8005;&#x8282;&#x70B9;&#x7EF4;&#x62A4;&#x7684;&#x72B6;&#x6001;&#x4E0B;&#x90FD;&#x4F1A;&#x6B7B;&#x6389;&#x4F1A;&#x88AB;&#x9A71;&#x9010;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x901A;&#x5E38;&#xFF0C;&#x7528;&#x6237;&#x4E0D;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x624B;&#x52A8;&#x76F4;&#x63A5;&#x521B;&#x5EFA;Pod&#xFF0C;&#x800C;&#x662F;&#x5E94;&#x8BE5;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;controller&#xFF08;&#x4F8B;&#x5982;<a href="deployment.html">Deployments</a>&#xFF09;&#xFF0C;&#x5373;&#x4F7F;&#x65F6;&#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#x5355;&#x4E2A;Pod&#x7684;&#x60C5;&#x51B5;&#x4E0B;&#x3002;Controller&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x96C6;&#x7FA4;&#x7EA7;&#x522B;&#x7684;&#x81EA;&#x6108;&#x529F;&#x80FD;&#x3001;&#x590D;&#x5236;&#x548C;&#x5347;&#x7EA7;&#x7BA1;&#x7406;&#x3002;</p>
<p>The use of collective APIs as the primary user-facing primitive is relatively common among cluster scheduling systems, including <a href="https://research.google.com/pubs/pub43438.html" target="_blank">Borg</a>, <a href="https://mesosphere.github.io/marathon/docs/rest-api.html" target="_blank">Marathon</a>, <a href="http://aurora.apache.org/documentation/latest/reference/configuration/#job-schema" target="_blank">Aurora</a>, and <a href="http://www.slideshare.net/Docker/aravindnarayanan-facebook140613153626phpapp02-37588997" target="_blank">Tupperware</a>.</p>
<p>Pod is exposed as a primitive in order to facilitate:</p>
<ul>
<li>scheduler and controller pluggability</li>
<li>support for pod-level operations without the need to &quot;proxy&quot; them via controller APIs</li>
<li>decoupling of pod lifetime from controller lifetime, such as for bootstrapping</li>
<li>decoupling of controllers and services &#x2014; the endpoint controller just watches pods</li>
<li>clean composition of Kubelet-level functionality with cluster-level functionality &#x2014; Kubelet is effectively the &quot;pod controller&quot;</li>
<li>high-availability applications, which will expect pods to be replaced in advance of their termination and certainly in advance of deletion, such as in the case of planned evictions, image prefetching, or live pod migration <a href="http://issue.k8s.io/3949" target="_blank">#3949</a></li>
</ul>
<p><a href="statefulset.html">StatefulSet</a> controller&#xFF08;&#x76EE;&#x524D;&#x8FD8;&#x662F;beta&#x72B6;&#x6001;&#xFF09;&#x652F;&#x6301;&#x6709;&#x72B6;&#x6001;&#x7684;Pod&#x3002;&#x5728;1.4&#x7248;&#x672C;&#x4E2D;&#x88AB;&#x79F0;&#x4E3A;PetSet&#x3002;&#x5728;kubernetes&#x4E4B;&#x524D;&#x7684;&#x7248;&#x672C;&#x4E2D;&#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#x6709;&#x72B6;&#x6001;pod&#x7684;&#x6700;&#x4F73;&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;&#x662F;&#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;replica&#x4E3A;1&#x7684;replication controller&#x3002;</p>
<h2 id="pod&#x7684;&#x7EC8;&#x6B62;">Pod&#x7684;&#x7EC8;&#x6B62;</h2>
<p>&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;Pod&#x4F5C;&#x4E3A;&#x5728;&#x96C6;&#x7FA4;&#x7684;&#x8282;&#x70B9;&#x4E0A;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x7684;&#x8FDB;&#x7A0B;&#xFF0C;&#x6240;&#x4EE5;&#x5728;&#x4E0D;&#x518D;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x7684;&#x65F6;&#x5019;&#x80FD;&#x591F;&#x4F18;&#x96C5;&#x7684;&#x7EC8;&#x6B62;&#x6389;&#x662F;&#x5341;&#x5206;&#x5FC5;&#x8981;&#x7684;&#xFF08;&#x6BD4;&#x8D77;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x53D1;&#x9001;KILL&#x4FE1;&#x53F7;&#x8FD9;&#x79CD;&#x66B4;&#x529B;&#x7684;&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;&#xFF09;&#x3002;&#x7528;&#x6237;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x80FD;&#x591F;&#x653E;&#x677E;&#x5220;&#x9664;&#x8BF7;&#x6C42;&#xFF0C;&#x5E76;&#x4E14;&#x77E5;&#x9053;&#x5B83;&#x4EEC;&#x4F55;&#x65F6;&#x4F1A;&#x88AB;&#x7EC8;&#x6B62;&#xFF0C;&#x662F;&#x5426;&#x88AB;&#x6B63;&#x786E;&#x7684;&#x5220;&#x9664;&#x3002;&#x7528;&#x6237;&#x60F3;&#x7EC8;&#x6B62;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x65F6;&#x53D1;&#x9001;&#x5220;&#x9664;pod&#x7684;&#x8BF7;&#x6C42;&#xFF0C;&#x5728;pod&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x88AB;&#x5F3A;&#x5236;&#x5220;&#x9664;&#x524D;&#x4F1A;&#x6709;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x4F18;&#x96C5;&#x5220;&#x9664;&#x7684;&#x65F6;&#x95F4;&#xFF0C;&#x4F1A;&#x53D1;&#x9001;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;TERM&#x8BF7;&#x6C42;&#x5230;&#x6BCF;&#x4E2A;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x7684;&#x4E3B;&#x8FDB;&#x7A0B;&#x3002;&#x4E00;&#x65E6;&#x8D85;&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;&#x5C06;&#x5411;&#x4E3B;&#x8FDB;&#x7A0B;&#x53D1;&#x9001;KILL&#x4FE1;&#x53F7;&#x5E76;&#x4ECE;API server&#x4E2D;&#x5220;&#x9664;&#x3002;&#x5982;&#x679C;kubelet&#x6216;&#x8005;container manager&#x5728;&#x7B49;&#x5F85;&#x8FDB;&#x7A0B;&#x7EC8;&#x6B62;&#x7684;&#x8FC7;&#x7A0B;&#x4E2D;&#x91CD;&#x542F;&#xFF0C;&#x5728;&#x91CD;&#x542F;&#x540E;&#x4ECD;&#x7136;&#x4F1A;&#x91CD;&#x8BD5;&#x5B8C;&#x6574;&#x7684;&#x4F18;&#x96C5;&#x5220;&#x9664;&#x9636;&#x6BB5;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x793A;&#x4F8B;&#x6D41;&#x7A0B;&#x5982;&#x4E0B;&#xFF1A;</p>
<ol>
<li>&#x7528;&#x6237;&#x53D1;&#x9001;&#x5220;&#x9664;pod&#x7684;&#x547D;&#x4EE4;&#xFF0C;&#x9ED8;&#x8BA4;&#x4F18;&#x96C5;&#x5220;&#x9664;&#x65F6;&#x671F;&#x662F;30&#x79D2;&#xFF1B;</li>
<li>&#x5728;Pod&#x8D85;&#x8FC7;&#x8BE5;&#x4F18;&#x96C5;&#x5220;&#x9664;&#x671F;&#x9650;&#x540E;API server&#x5C31;&#x4F1A;&#x66F4;&#x65B0;Pod&#x7684;&#x72B6;&#x6001;&#x4E3A;&#x201C;dead&#x201D;&#xFF1B;</li>
<li>&#x5728;&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x547D;&#x4EE4;&#x884C;&#x4E0A;&#x663E;&#x793A;&#x7684;Pod&#x72B6;&#x6001;&#x4E3A;&#x201C;terminating&#x201D;&#xFF1B;</li>
<li>&#x8DDF;&#x7B2C;&#x4E09;&#x6B65;&#x540C;&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;&#x5F53;kubelet&#x53D1;&#x73B0;pod&#x88AB;&#x6807;&#x8BB0;&#x4E3A;&#x201C;terminating&#x201D;&#x72B6;&#x6001;&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;&#x5F00;&#x59CB;&#x505C;&#x6B62;pod&#x8FDB;&#x7A0B;&#xFF1A;<ol>
<li>&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x5728;pod&#x4E2D;&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;&#x4E86;preStop hook&#xFF0C;&#x5728;&#x505C;&#x6B62;pod&#x524D;&#x4F1A;&#x88AB;&#x8C03;&#x7528;&#x3002;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x5728;&#x4F18;&#x96C5;&#x5220;&#x9664;&#x671F;&#x9650;&#x8FC7;&#x671F;&#x540E;&#xFF0C;preStop hook&#x4F9D;&#x7136;&#x5728;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#xFF0C;&#x7B2C;&#x4E8C;&#x6B65;&#x4F1A;&#x518D;&#x589E;&#x52A0;2&#x79D2;&#x7684;&#x4F18;&#x96C5;&#x65F6;&#x95F4;&#xFF1B;</li>
<li>&#x5411;Pod&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x8FDB;&#x7A0B;&#x53D1;&#x9001;TERM&#x4FE1;&#x53F7;&#xFF1B;</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>&#x8DDF;&#x7B2C;&#x4E09;&#x6B65;&#x540C;&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;&#x8BE5;Pod&#x5C06;&#x4ECE;&#x8BE5;service&#x7684;&#x7AEF;&#x70B9;&#x5217;&#x8868;&#x4E2D;&#x5220;&#x9664;&#xFF0C;&#x4E0D;&#x518D;&#x662F;replication controller&#x7684;&#x4E00;&#x90E8;&#x5206;&#x3002;&#x5173;&#x95ED;&#x7684;&#x6162;&#x7684;pod&#x5C06;&#x7EE7;&#x7EED;&#x5904;&#x7406;load balancer&#x8F6C;&#x53D1;&#x7684;&#x6D41;&#x91CF;&#xFF1B;</li>
<li>&#x8FC7;&#x4E86;&#x4F18;&#x96C5;&#x5468;&#x671F;&#x540E;&#xFF0C;&#x5C06;&#x5411;Pod&#x4E2D;&#x4F9D;&#x7136;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x7684;&#x8FDB;&#x7A0B;&#x53D1;&#x9001;SIGKILL&#x4FE1;&#x53F7;&#x800C;&#x6740;&#x6389;&#x8FDB;&#x7A0B;&#x3002;</li>
<li>Kublete&#x4F1A;&#x5728;API server&#x4E2D;&#x5B8C;&#x6210;Pod&#x7684;&#x7684;&#x5220;&#x9664;&#xFF0C;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x5C06;&#x4F18;&#x96C5;&#x5468;&#x671F;&#x8BBE;&#x7F6E;&#x4E3A;0&#xFF08;&#x7ACB;&#x5373;&#x5220;&#x9664;&#xFF09;&#x3002;Pod&#x5728;API&#x4E2D;&#x6D88;&#x5931;&#xFF0C;&#x5E76;&#x4E14;&#x5728;&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x4E5F;&#x4E0D;&#x53EF;&#x89C1;&#x3002;</li>
</ol>
<p>&#x5220;&#x9664;&#x4F18;&#x96C5;&#x5468;&#x671F;&#x9ED8;&#x8BA4;&#x662F;30&#x79D2;&#x3002; <code>kubectl delete</code>&#x547D;&#x4EE4;&#x652F;&#x6301; <code>&#x2014;grace-period=&lt;seconds&gt;</code> &#x9009;&#x9879;&#xFF0C;&#x5141;&#x8BB8;&#x7528;&#x6237;&#x8BBE;&#x7F6E;&#x81EA;&#x5DF1;&#x7684;&#x4F18;&#x96C5;&#x5468;&#x671F;&#x65F6;&#x95F4;&#x3002;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x8BBE;&#x7F6E;&#x4E3A;0&#x5C06;&#x5F3A;&#x5236;&#x5220;&#x9664;pod&#x3002;&#x5728;kubectl&gt;=1.5&#x7248;&#x672C;&#x7684;&#x547D;&#x4EE4;&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;&#x4F60;&#x5FC5;&#x987B;&#x540C;&#x65F6;&#x4F7F;&#x7528; <code>--force</code> &#x548C; <code>--grace-period=0</code> &#x6765;&#x5F3A;&#x5236;&#x5220;&#x9664;pod&#x3002;</p>
<h3 id="&#x5F3A;&#x5236;&#x5220;&#x9664;pod">&#x5F3A;&#x5236;&#x5220;&#x9664;Pod</h3>
<p>Pod&#x7684;&#x5F3A;&#x5236;&#x5220;&#x9664;&#x662F;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x5728;&#x96C6;&#x7FA4;&#x548C;etcd&#x4E2D;&#x5C06;&#x5176;&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;&#x4E3A;&#x5220;&#x9664;&#x72B6;&#x6001;&#x3002;&#x5F53;&#x6267;&#x884C;&#x5F3A;&#x5236;&#x5220;&#x9664;&#x547D;&#x4EE4;&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;API server&#x4E0D;&#x4F1A;&#x7B49;&#x5F85;&#x8BE5;pod&#x6240;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x5728;&#x8282;&#x70B9;&#x4E0A;&#x7684;kubelet&#x786E;&#x8BA4;&#xFF0C;&#x5C31;&#x4F1A;&#x7ACB;&#x5373;&#x5C06;&#x8BE5;pod&#x4ECE;API server&#x4E2D;&#x79FB;&#x9664;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x65F6;&#x5C31;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#x8DDF;&#x539F;pod&#x540C;&#x540D;&#x7684;pod&#x4E86;&#x3002;&#x8FD9;&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;&#x5728;&#x8282;&#x70B9;&#x4E0A;&#x7684;pod&#x4F1A;&#x88AB;&#x7ACB;&#x5373;&#x8BBE;&#x7F6E;&#x4E3A;terminating&#x72B6;&#x6001;&#xFF0C;&#x4E0D;&#x8FC7;&#x5728;&#x88AB;&#x5F3A;&#x5236;&#x5220;&#x9664;&#x4E4B;&#x524D;&#x4F9D;&#x7136;&#x6709;&#x4E00;&#x5C0F;&#x6BB5;&#x4F18;&#x96C5;&#x5220;&#x9664;&#x5468;&#x671F;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x5F3A;&#x5236;&#x5220;&#x9664;&#x5BF9;&#x4E8E;&#x67D0;&#x4E9B;pod&#x5177;&#x6709;&#x6F5C;&#x5728;&#x5371;&#x9669;&#x6027;&#xFF0C;&#x8BF7;&#x8C28;&#x614E;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x3002;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;StatefulSet pod&#x7684;&#x60C5;&#x51B5;&#x4E0B;&#xFF0C;&#x8BF7;&#x53C2;&#x8003;&#x5220;&#x9664;StatefulSet&#x4E2D;&#x7684;pod&#x6587;&#x7AE0;&#x3002;</p>
<h2 id="pod&#x4E2D;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x7684;&#x7279;&#x6743;&#x6A21;&#x5F0F;">Pod&#x4E2D;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x7684;&#x7279;&#x6743;&#x6A21;&#x5F0F;</h2>
<p>&#x4ECE;kubernetes1.1&#x7248;&#x672C;&#x5F00;&#x59CB;&#xFF0C;pod&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x5C31;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5F00;&#x542F;previleged&#x6A21;&#x5F0F;&#xFF0C;&#x5728;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x7684; <code>SecurityContext</code> &#x4E0B;&#x4F7F;&#x7528; <code>privileged</code> flag&#x3002; &#x8FD9;&#x5728;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;linux&#x7684;&#x7F51;&#x7EDC;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x548C;&#x8BBF;&#x95EE;&#x8BBE;&#x5907;&#x7684;&#x80FD;&#x529B;&#x65F6;&#x662F;&#x5F88;&#x7528;&#x7684;&#x3002;&#x540C;&#x65F6;&#x5F00;&#x542F;&#x7684;&#x7279;&#x6743;&#x6A21;&#x5F0F;&#x7684;Pod&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x4E5F;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x8BBF;&#x95EE;&#x5230;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x5916;&#x7684;&#x8FDB;&#x7A0B;&#x548C;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x3002;&#x5728;&#x4E0D;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x4FEE;&#x6539;&#x548C;&#x91CD;&#x65B0;&#x7F16;&#x8BD1;kubelet&#x7684;&#x60C5;&#x51B5;&#x4E0B;&#x5C31;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;pod&#x6765;&#x5F00;&#x53D1;&#x8282;&#x70B9;&#x7684;&#x7F51;&#x7EDC;&#x548C;&#x5B58;&#x50A8;&#x63D2;&#x4EF6;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x5982;&#x679C;master&#x8282;&#x70B9;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x7684;&#x662F;kuberentes1.1.&#x6216;&#x66F4;&#x9AD8;&#x7248;&#x672C;&#xFF0C;&#x800C;node&#x8282;&#x70B9;&#x7684;&#x7248;&#x672C;&#x4F4E;&#x4E8E;1.1&#x7248;&#x672C;&#xFF0C;&#x5219;API server&#x5C06;&#x4E5F;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x63A5;&#x53D7;&#x65B0;&#x7684;&#x7279;&#x6743;&#x6A21;&#x5F0F;&#x7684;pod&#xFF0C;&#x4F46;&#x662F;&#x65E0;&#x6CD5;&#x542F;&#x52A8;&#xFF0C;pod&#x5C06;&#x5904;&#x4E8E;pending&#x72B6;&#x6001;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x6267;&#x884C; <code>kubectl describe pod FooPodName</code>&#xFF0C;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x770B;&#x5230;&#x4E3A;&#x4EC0;&#x4E48;pod&#x5904;&#x4E8E;pending&#x72B6;&#x6001;&#x3002;&#x8F93;&#x51FA;&#x7684;event&#x5217;&#x8868;&#x4E2D;&#x5C06;&#x663E;&#x793A;&#xFF1A;
<code>Error validating pod &quot;FooPodName&quot;.&quot;FooPodNamespace&quot; from api, ignoring: spec.containers[0].securityContext.privileged: forbidden &apos;&lt;*&gt;(0xc2089d3248)true&apos;</code></p>
<p>&#x5982;&#x679C;master&#x8282;&#x70B9;&#x7684;&#x7248;&#x672C;&#x4F4E;&#x4E8E;1.1&#xFF0C;&#x65E0;&#x6CD5;&#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#x7279;&#x6743;&#x6A21;&#x5F0F;&#x7684;pod&#x3002;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x4F60;&#x4ECD;&#x7136;&#x8BD5;&#x56FE;&#x53BB;&#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#x7684;&#x8BDD;&#xFF0C;&#x4F60;&#x5F97;&#x5230;&#x5982;&#x4E0B;&#x9519;&#x8BEF;&#xFF1A;</p>
<p><code>The Pod &quot;FooPodName&quot; is invalid. spec.containers[0].securityContext.privileged: forbidden &apos;&lt;*&gt;(0xc20b222db0)true&apos;</code></p>
<h2 id="api-object">API Object</h2>
<p>Pod&#x662F;kubernetes REST API&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x9876;&#x7EA7;&#x8D44;&#x6E90;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x5728;kuberentes1.6&#x7684;V1 core API&#x7248;&#x672C;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;Pod&#x7684;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x7ED3;&#x6784;&#x5982;&#x4E0B;&#x56FE;&#x6240;&#x793A;&#xFF1A;</p>
<figure id="fig1.2.2.1.1.2"><img src="../images/kubernetes-pod-cheatsheet.png" alt="Pod Cheatsheet"><figcaption>Figure: Pod Cheatsheet</figcaption></figure>
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