2017-08-21 18:44:34 +08:00
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<title>5.1.3 微服务中的服务发现 · Kubernetes Handbook</title>
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<meta name="author" content="Jimmy Song">
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<a href="../">
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1. 前言
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</a>
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<a href="../concepts/">
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2. 概念原理
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</a>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.1" data-path="../concepts/concepts.html">
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<a href="../concepts/concepts.html">
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2.1 设计理念
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2" data-path="../concepts/objects.html">
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<a href="../concepts/objects.html">
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2.2 主要概念
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.1" data-path="../concepts/pod-overview.html">
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<a href="../concepts/pod-overview.html">
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2.2.1 Pod
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.1.1" data-path="../concepts/pod.html">
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<a href="../concepts/pod.html">
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2.2.1.1 Pod解析
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.2" data-path="../concepts/node.html">
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<a href="../concepts/node.html">
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2.2.2 Node
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.3" data-path="../concepts/namespace.html">
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<a href="../concepts/namespace.html">
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2.2.3 Namespace
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.4" data-path="../concepts/service.html">
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<a href="../concepts/service.html">
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2.2.4 Service
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.5" data-path="../concepts/volume.html">
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<a href="../concepts/volume.html">
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2.2.5 Volume和Persistent Volume
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.6" data-path="../concepts/deployment.html">
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<a href="../concepts/deployment.html">
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2.2.6 Deployment
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.7" data-path="../concepts/secret.html">
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<a href="../concepts/secret.html">
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2.2.7 Secret
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.8" data-path="../concepts/statefulset.html">
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<a href="../concepts/statefulset.html">
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2.2.8 StatefulSet
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.9" data-path="../concepts/daemonset.html">
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<a href="../concepts/daemonset.html">
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2.2.9 DaemonSet
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.10" data-path="../concepts/serviceaccount.html">
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<a href="../concepts/serviceaccount.html">
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2.2.10 ServiceAccount
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.11" data-path="../concepts/replicaset.html">
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<a href="../concepts/replicaset.html">
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2.2.11 ReplicationController和ReplicaSet
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.12" data-path="../concepts/job.html">
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<a href="../concepts/job.html">
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2.2.12 Job
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.13" data-path="../concepts/cronjob.html">
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<a href="../concepts/cronjob.html">
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2.2.13 CronJob
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.14" data-path="../concepts/ingress.html">
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<a href="../concepts/ingress.html">
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2.2.14 Ingress
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.15" data-path="../concepts/configmap.html">
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<a href="../concepts/configmap.html">
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2.2.15 ConfigMap
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.16" data-path="../concepts/horizontal-pod-autoscaling.html">
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<a href="../concepts/horizontal-pod-autoscaling.html">
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2.2.16 Horizontal Pod Autoscaling
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.17" data-path="../concepts/label.html">
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<a href="../concepts/label.html">
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2.2.17 Label
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3" data-path="../guide/">
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<a href="../guide/">
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3. 用户指南
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.1" data-path="../guide/resource-configuration.html">
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<a href="../guide/resource-configuration.html">
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3.1 资源配置
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.1.1" data-path="../guide/configure-liveness-readiness-probes.html">
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<a href="../guide/configure-liveness-readiness-probes.html">
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3.1.1 配置Pod的liveness和readiness探针
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.1.2" data-path="../guide/configure-pod-service-account.html">
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<a href="../guide/configure-pod-service-account.html">
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3.1.2 配置Pod的Service Account
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2" data-path="../guide/command-usage.html">
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<a href="../guide/command-usage.html">
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3.2 命令使用
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.1" data-path="../guide/using-kubectl.html">
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<a href="../guide/using-kubectl.html">
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3.2.1 使用kubectl
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.3" data-path="../guide/cluster-management.html">
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<a href="../guide/cluster-management.html">
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3.3 集群管理
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.3.1" data-path="../guide/managing-tls-in-a-cluster.html">
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<a href="../guide/managing-tls-in-a-cluster.html">
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3.3.1 管理集群中的TLS
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.3.2" data-path="../guide/kubelet-authentication-authorization.html">
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<a href="../guide/kubelet-authentication-authorization.html">
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3.3.2 kubelet的认证授权
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.3.3" data-path="../guide/tls-bootstrapping.html">
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<a href="../guide/tls-bootstrapping.html">
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3.3.3 TLS bootstrap
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.4" data-path="../guide/access-kubernetes-cluster.html">
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|
<a href="../guide/access-kubernetes-cluster.html">
|
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3.4 访问 Kubernetes 集群
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</a>
|
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.4.1" data-path="../guide/access-cluster.html">
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<a href="../guide/access-cluster.html">
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3.4.1 访问集群
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.4.2" data-path="../guide/authenticate-across-clusters-kubeconfig.html">
|
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|
<a href="../guide/authenticate-across-clusters-kubeconfig.html">
|
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3.4.2 使用 kubeconfig 文件配置跨集群认证
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.4.3" data-path="../guide/connecting-to-applications-port-forward.html">
|
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|
<a href="../guide/connecting-to-applications-port-forward.html">
|
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3.4.3 通过端口转发访问集群中的应用程序
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.4.4" data-path="../guide/service-access-application-cluster.html">
|
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|
<a href="../guide/service-access-application-cluster.html">
|
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3.4.4 使用 service 访问群集中的应用程序
|
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.5" data-path="../guide/application-development-deployment-flow.html">
|
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<a href="../guide/application-development-deployment-flow.html">
|
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3.5 在kubernetes中开发部署应用
|
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</a>
|
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.5.1" data-path="../guide/deploy-applications-in-kubernetes.html">
|
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|
<a href="../guide/deploy-applications-in-kubernetes.html">
|
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3.5.1 适用于kubernetes的应用开发部署流程
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</a>
|
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.5.2" data-path="../guide/migrating-hadoop-yarn-to-kubernetes.html">
|
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<a href="../guide/migrating-hadoop-yarn-to-kubernetes.html">
|
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3.5.2 迁移传统应用到kubernetes中——以Hadoop YARN为例
|
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4" data-path="../practice/">
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<a href="../practice/">
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4. 最佳实践
|
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</a>
|
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1" data-path="../practice/install-kbernetes1.6-on-centos.html">
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<a href="../practice/install-kbernetes1.6-on-centos.html">
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4.1 在CentOS上部署kubernetes1.6集群
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</a>
|
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.1" data-path="../practice/create-tls-and-secret-key.html">
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<a href="../practice/create-tls-and-secret-key.html">
|
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4.1.1 创建TLS证书和秘钥
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.2" data-path="../practice/create-kubeconfig.html">
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<a href="../practice/create-kubeconfig.html">
|
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4.1.2 创建kubeconfig文件
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.3" data-path="../practice/etcd-cluster-installation.html">
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<a href="../practice/etcd-cluster-installation.html">
|
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4.1.3 创建高可用etcd集群
|
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.4" data-path="../practice/kubectl-installation.html">
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<a href="../practice/kubectl-installation.html">
|
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4.1.4 安装kubectl命令行工具
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.5" data-path="../practice/master-installation.html">
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<a href="../practice/master-installation.html">
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4.1.5 部署master节点
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.6" data-path="../practice/node-installation.html">
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<a href="../practice/node-installation.html">
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4.1.6 部署node节点
|
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.7" data-path="../practice/kubedns-addon-installation.html">
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<a href="../practice/kubedns-addon-installation.html">
|
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4.1.7 安装kubedns插件
|
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.8" data-path="../practice/dashboard-addon-installation.html">
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<a href="../practice/dashboard-addon-installation.html">
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4.1.8 安装dashboard插件
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.9" data-path="../practice/heapster-addon-installation.html">
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<a href="../practice/heapster-addon-installation.html">
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4.1.9 安装heapster插件
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.10" data-path="../practice/efk-addon-installation.html">
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<a href="../practice/efk-addon-installation.html">
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4.1.10 安装EFK插件
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2" data-path="../practice/service-discovery-and-loadbalancing.html">
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<a href="../practice/service-discovery-and-loadbalancing.html">
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4.2 服务发现与负载均衡
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2.1" data-path="../practice/traefik-ingress-installation.html">
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<a href="../practice/traefik-ingress-installation.html">
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4.2.1 安装Traefik ingress
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2.2" data-path="../practice/distributed-load-test.html">
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<a href="../practice/distributed-load-test.html">
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4.2.2 分布式负载测试
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2.3" data-path="../practice/network-and-cluster-perfermance-test.html">
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<a href="../practice/network-and-cluster-perfermance-test.html">
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4.2.3 网络和集群性能测试
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2.4" data-path="../practice/edge-node-configuration.html">
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<a href="../practice/edge-node-configuration.html">
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4.2.4 边缘节点配置
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3" data-path="../practice/operation.html">
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<a href="../practice/operation.html">
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4.3 运维管理
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.1" data-path="../practice/service-rolling-update.html">
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<a href="../practice/service-rolling-update.html">
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4.3.1 服务滚动升级
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.2" data-path="../practice/app-log-collection.html">
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<a href="../practice/app-log-collection.html">
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4.3.2 应用日志收集
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.3" data-path="../practice/configuration-best-practice.html">
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<a href="../practice/configuration-best-practice.html">
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4.3.3 配置最佳实践
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.4" data-path="../practice/monitor.html">
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<a href="../practice/monitor.html">
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4.3.4 集群及应用监控
|
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.5" data-path="../practice/jenkins-ci-cd.html">
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<a href="../practice/jenkins-ci-cd.html">
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4.3.5 使用Jenkins进行持续构建与发布
|
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.6" data-path="../practice/data-persistence-problem.html">
|
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<a href="../practice/data-persistence-problem.html">
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4.3.6 数据持久化问题
|
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4" data-path="../practice/storage.html">
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<a href="../practice/storage.html">
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4.4 存储管理
|
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</a>
|
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4.1" data-path="../practice/glusterfs.html">
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<a href="../practice/glusterfs.html">
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4.4.1 GlusterFS
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4.1.1" data-path="../practice/using-glusterfs-for-persistent-storage.html">
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<a href="../practice/using-glusterfs-for-persistent-storage.html">
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4.4.1.1 使用GlusterFS做持久化存储
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4.1.2" data-path="../practice/storage-for-containers-using-glusterfs-with-openshift.html">
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<a href="../practice/storage-for-containers-using-glusterfs-with-openshift.html">
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4.4.1.2 在OpenShift中使用GlusterFS做持久化存储
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5" data-path="./">
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<a href="./">
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5. 领域应用
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1" data-path="microservices.html">
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<a href="microservices.html">
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5.1 微服务架构
|
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</a>
|
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.1" data-path="istio.html">
|
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<a href="istio.html">
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5.1.1 Istio
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.1.1" data-path="istio-installation.html">
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<a href="istio-installation.html">
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5.1.1.1 安装istio
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.1.2" data-path="configuring-request-routing.html">
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<a href="configuring-request-routing.html">
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5.1.1.2 配置请求的路由规则
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.2" data-path="linkerd.html">
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<a href="linkerd.html">
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5.1.2 Linkerd
|
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</a>
|
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.2.1" data-path="linkerd-user-guide.html">
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<a href="linkerd-user-guide.html">
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5.1.2.1 Linkerd 使用指南
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter active" data-level="1.5.1.3" data-path="service-discovery-in-microservices.html">
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<a href="service-discovery-in-microservices.html">
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5.1.3 微服务中的服务发现
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</a>
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</li>
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5.2 大数据
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5.2.1 Spark on Kubernetes
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<a href="../develop/">
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6. 开发指南
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6.2 单元测试和集成测试
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.3" data-path="../develop/client-go-sample.html">
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6.3 client-go示例
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6.4 社区贡献
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<a href="../appendix/">
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7. 附录
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.1" data-path="../appendix/docker-best-practice.html">
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<a href="../appendix/docker-best-practice.html">
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7.1 Docker最佳实践
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.2" data-path="../appendix/issues.html">
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<a href="../appendix/issues.html">
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7.2 问题记录
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7.3 使用技巧
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本書使用 GitBook 釋出
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<a href=".." >5.1.3 微服务中的服务发现</a>
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<h1 id="微服务中的服务发现">微服务中的服务发现</h1>
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<p>在单体架构时，因为服务不会经常和动态迁移，所有服务地址可以直接在配置文件中配置，所以也不会有服务发现的问题。但是对于微服务来说，应用的拆分，服务之间的解耦，和服务动态扩展带来的服务迁移，服务发现就成了微服务中的一个关键问题。</p>
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<p>服务发现分为<strong>客户端服务发现</strong>和<strong>服务端服务发现</strong>两种，架构如下图所示。</p>
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<figure id="fig1.5.1.3.1"><img src="../images/service-discovery-in-microservices.png" alt="微服务中的服务发现"><figcaption>Figure: 微服务中的服务发现</figcaption></figure>
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<p>这两种架构都各有利弊，我们拿客户端服务发现软件Eureka和服务端服务发现架构Kubernetes/SkyDNS+Ingress LB+Traefik+PowerDNS为例说明。</p>
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<table>
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<thead>
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<tr>
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<th style="text-align:left">服务发现方案</th>
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<th>Pros</th>
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<th>Cons</th>
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<tbody>
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<td style="text-align:left">Eureka</td>
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<td>使用简单，适用于java语言开发的项目，比服务端服务发现少一次网络跳转</td>
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<td>对非Java语言的支持不够好，Consumer需要内置特定的服务发现客户端和发现逻辑</td>
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<td style="text-align:left">Kubernetes</td>
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<td>Consumer无需关注服务发现具体细节，只需知道服务的DNS域名即可</td>
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<td>需要基础设施支撑，多了一次网络跳转，可能有性能损失</td>
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</table>
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<h2 id="参考">参考</h2>
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<p><a href="http://www.infoq.com/cn/articles/background-architecture-and-solutions-of-service-discovery" target="_blank">谈服务发现的背景、架构以及落地方案</a> </p>
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<script src="../gitbook/gitbook-plugin-splitter/splitter.js"></script>
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<script src="../gitbook/gitbook-plugin-page-toc-button/plugin.js"></script>
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<script src="../gitbook/gitbook-plugin-editlink/plugin.js"></script>
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<script src="../gitbook/gitbook-plugin-search-plus/jquery.mark.min.js"></script>
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<script src="../gitbook/gitbook-plugin-search-plus/search.js"></script>
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<script src="../gitbook/gitbook-plugin-sharing/buttons.js"></script>
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<script src="../gitbook/gitbook-plugin-fontsettings/fontsettings.js"></script>
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</body>
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</html>
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