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1. 前言
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2. 概念原理
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2.1 设计理念
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2.2 Objects
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2.2.1 Pod
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2.2.1.1 Pod解析
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2.2.1.2 Init容器
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2.2.1.3 Pod安全策略
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2.2.1.4 Pod的生命周期
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2.2.2 Node
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2.2.3 Namespace
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2.2.4 Service
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2.2.5 Volume和Persistent Volume
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2.2.6 Deployment
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2.2.7 Secret
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2.2.8 StatefulSet
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2.2.9 DaemonSet
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2.2.10 ServiceAccount
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2.2.11 ReplicationController和ReplicaSet
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2.2.12 Job
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2.2.13 CronJob
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2.2.14 Ingress
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2.2.15 ConfigMap
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2.2.16 Horizontal Pod Autoscaling
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2.2.17 Label
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2.2.18 垃圾收集
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2.2.19 NetworkPolicy
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3. 用户指南
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3.1 资源配置
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3.1.1 配置Pod的liveness和readiness探针
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3.1.2 配置Pod的Service Account
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3.2 命令使用
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3.2.1 使用kubectl
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3.2.2 docker用户过度到kubectl命令行指南
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3.3 集群安全性管理
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3.3.1 管理集群中的TLS
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3.3.2 kubelet的认证授权
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3.3.3 TLS bootstrap
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3.3.4 kubectl的用户认证授权
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3.3.5 RBAC——基于角色的访问控制
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3.3.6 IP伪装代理
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3.4 访问 Kubernetes 集群
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3.4.1 访问集群
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3.4.2 使用 kubeconfig 文件配置跨集群认证
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3.4.3 通过端口转发访问集群中的应用程序
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3.4.4 使用 service 访问群集中的应用程序
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3.5 在kubernetes中开发部署应用
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3.5.1 适用于kubernetes的应用开发部署流程
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3.5.2 迁移传统应用到kubernetes中——以Hadoop YARN为例
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4. 最佳实践
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4.1 在CentOS上部署kubernetes1.6集群
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4.1.1 创建TLS证书和秘钥
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4.1.2 创建kubeconfig文件
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4.1.3 创建高可用etcd集群
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4.1.4 安装kubectl命令行工具
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4.1.5 部署master节点
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4.1.6 部署node节点
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4.1.7 安装kubedns插件
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4.1.8 安装dashboard插件
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4.1.9 安装heapster插件
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4.1.10 安装EFK插件
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4.2 服务发现与负载均衡
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4.2.1 安装Traefik ingress
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4.2.2 分布式负载测试
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4.2.3 网络和集群性能测试
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4.2.4 边缘节点配置
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4.3 运维管理
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4.3.1 服务滚动升级
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4.3.2 应用日志收集
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4.3.3 配置最佳实践
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4.3.4 集群及应用监控
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4.3.5 使用Jenkins进行持续构建与发布
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4.3.6 数据持久化问题
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4.3.7 管理容器的计算资源
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4.4 存储管理
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4.4.1 GlusterFS
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4.4.1.1 使用GlusterFS做持久化存储
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4.4.1.2 在OpenShift中使用GlusterFS做持久化存储
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4.4.2 CephFS
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4.4.2.1 使用Ceph做持久化存储
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5. 领域应用
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< a href = ".." > 4.1.3 创建高可用etcd集群< / a >
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< h1 id = "创建高可用-etcd-集群" > 创 建 高 可 用 etcd 集 群 < / h1 >
< p > kuberntes 系 统 使 用 etcd 存 储 所 有 数 据 ， 本 文 档 介 绍 部 署 一 个 三 节 点 高 可 用 etcd 集 群 的 步 骤 ， 这 三 个 节 点 复 用 kubernetes master 机 器 ， 分 别 命 名 为 < code > sz-pg-oam-docker-test-001.tendcloud.com< / code > 、 < code > sz-pg-oam-docker-test-002.tendcloud.com< / code > 、 < code > sz-pg-oam-docker-test-003.tendcloud.com< / code > ： < / p >
< ul >
< li > sz-pg-oam-docker-test-001.tendcloud.com： 172.20.0.113< / li >
< li > sz-pg-oam-docker-test-002.tendcloud.com： 172.20.0.114< / li >
< li > sz-pg-oam-docker-test-003.tendcloud.com： 172.20.0.115< / li >
< / ul >
< h2 id = "tls-认证文件" > TLS 认 证 文 件 < / h2 >
< p > 需 要 为 etcd 集 群 创 建 加 密 通 信 的 TLS 证 书 ， 这 里 复 用 以 前 创 建 的 kubernetes 证 书 < / p >
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< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > cp ca.pem kubernetes-key.pem kubernetes.pem /etc/kubernetes/ssl
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< / code > < / pre >
< ul >
< li > kubernetes 证 书 的 < code > hosts< / code > 字 段 列 表 中 包 含 上 面 三 台 机 器 的 IP， 否 则 后 续 证 书 校 验 会 失 败 ； < / li >
< / ul >
< h2 id = "下载二进制文件" > 下 载 二 进 制 文 件 < / h2 >
< p > 到 < code > https://github.com/coreos/etcd/releases< / code > 页 面 下 载 最 新 版 本 的 二 进 制 文 件 < / p >
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< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > wget https://github.com/coreos/etcd/releases/download/v3.1.5/etcd-v3.1.5-linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar -xvf etcd-v3.1.5-linux-amd64.tar.gz
mv etcd-v3.1.5-linux-amd64/etcd* /usr/< span class = "hljs-built_in" > local< / span > /bin
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< / code > < / pre >
< h2 id = "创建-etcd-的-systemd-unit-文件" > 创 建 etcd 的 systemd unit 文 件 < / h2 >
< p > 注 意 替 换 IP地 址 为 你 自 己 的 etcd集 群 的 主 机 IP。 < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > [Unit]
Description=Etcd Server
After=network.target
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target
Documentation=https://github.com/coreos
[Service]
Type=notify
WorkingDirectory=/var/lib/etcd/
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/etcd/etcd.conf
ExecStart=/usr/< span class = "hljs-built_in" > local< / span > /bin/etcd \
--name < span class = "hljs-variable" > ${ETCD_NAME}< / span > \
--cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes.pem \
--key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes-key.pem \
--peer-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes.pem \
--peer-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes-key.pem \
--trusted-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--peer-trusted-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--initial-advertise-peer-urls < span class = "hljs-variable" > ${ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS}< / span > \
--listen-peer-urls < span class = "hljs-variable" > ${ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS}< / span > \
--listen-client-urls < span class = "hljs-variable" > ${ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS}< / span > ,http://127.0.0.1:2379 \
--advertise-client-urls < span class = "hljs-variable" > ${ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS}< / span > \
--initial-cluster-token < span class = "hljs-variable" > ${ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN}< / span > \
--initial-cluster infra1=https://172.20.0.113:2380,infra2=https://172.20.0.114:2380,infra3=https://172.20.0.115:2380 \
--initial-cluster-state new \
--data-dir=< span class = "hljs-variable" > ${ETCD_DATA_DIR}< / span >
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
< / code > < / pre >
< ul >
< li > 指 定 < code > etcd< / code > 的 工 作 目 录 为 < code > /var/lib/etcd< / code > ， 数 据 目 录 为 < code > /var/lib/etcd< / code > ， 需 在 启 动 服 务 前 创 建 这 两 个 目 录 ； < / li >
< li > 为 了 保 证 通 信 安 全 ， 需 要 指 定 etcd 的 公 私 钥 (cert-file和 key-file)、 Peers 通 信 的 公 私 钥 和 CA 证 书 (peer-cert-file、 peer-key-file、 peer-trusted-ca-file)、 客 户 端 的 CA证 书 （ trusted-ca-file） ； < / li >
< li > 创 建 < code > kubernetes.pem< / code > 证 书 时 使 用 的 < code > kubernetes-csr.json< / code > 文 件 的 < code > hosts< / code > 字 段 < strong > 包 含 所 有 etcd 节 点 的 IP< / strong > ， 否 则 证 书 校 验 会 出 错 ； < / li >
< li > < code > --initial-cluster-state< / code > 值 为 < code > new< / code > 时 ， < code > --name< / code > 的 参 数 值 必 须 位 于 < code > --initial-cluster< / code > 列 表 中 ； < / li >
< / ul >
< p > 完 整 unit 文 件 见 ： < a href = "../systemd/etcd.service" > etcd.service< / a > < / p >
< p > 环 境 变 量 配 置 文 件 < code > /etc/etcd/etcd.conf< / code > 。 < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-ini" > < span class = "hljs-comment" > # [member]< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > ETCD_NAME< / span > =infra1
< span class = "hljs-attr" > ETCD_DATA_DIR< / span > =< span class = "hljs-string" > " /var/lib/etcd" < / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS< / span > =< span class = "hljs-string" > " https://172.20.0.113:2380" < / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS< / span > =< span class = "hljs-string" > " https://172.20.0.113:2379" < / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > #[cluster]< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS< / span > =< span class = "hljs-string" > " https://172.20.0.113:2380" < / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN< / span > =< span class = "hljs-string" > " etcd-cluster" < / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS< / span > =< span class = "hljs-string" > " https://172.20.0.113:2379" < / span >
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 这 是 172.20.0.113节 点 的 配 置 ， 其 他 两 个 etcd节 点 只 要 将 上 面 的 IP地 址 改 成 相 应 节 点 的 IP地 址 即 可 。 ETCD_NAME换 成 对 应 节 点 的 infra1/2/3。 < / p >
< h2 id = "启动-etcd-服务" > 启 动 etcd 服 务 < / h2 >
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< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > mv etcd.service /etc/systemd/system/
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl < span class = "hljs-built_in" > enable< / span > etcd
systemctl start etcd
stemctl status etcd
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< / code > < / pre >
< p > 在 所 有 的 kubernetes master 节 点 重 复 上 面 的 步 骤 ， 直 到 所 有 机 器 的 etcd 服 务 都 已 启 动 。 < / p >
< h2 id = "验证服务" > 验 证 服 务 < / h2 >
< p > 在 任 一 kubernetes master 机 器 上 执 行 如 下 命 令 ： < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > $ etcdctl \
--ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes.pem \
--key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes-key.pem \
cluster-health
2017-04-11 15:17:09.082250 I | warning: ignoring ServerName < span class = "hljs-keyword" > for< / span > user-provided CA < span class = "hljs-keyword" > for< / span > backwards compatibility is deprecated
2017-04-11 15:17:09.083681 I | warning: ignoring ServerName < span class = "hljs-keyword" > for< / span > user-provided CA < span class = "hljs-keyword" > for< / span > backwards compatibility is deprecated
member 9a2ec640d25672e5 is healthy: got healthy result from https://172.20.0.115:2379
member bc6f27ae3be34308 is healthy: got healthy result from https://172.20.0.114:2379
member e5c92ea26c4edba0 is healthy: got healthy result from https://172.20.0.113:2379
cluster is healthy
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 结 果 最 后 一 行 为 < code > cluster is healthy< / code > 时 表 示 集 群 服 务 正 常 。 < / p >
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< script src = "../gitbook/gitbook-plugin-splitter/splitter.js" > < / script >
< script src = "../gitbook/gitbook-plugin-page-toc-button/plugin.js" > < / script >
< script src = "../gitbook/gitbook-plugin-editlink/plugin.js" > < / script >
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< script src = "../gitbook/gitbook-plugin-back-to-top-button/plugin.js" > < / script >
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< script src = "../gitbook/gitbook-plugin-search-plus/jquery.mark.min.js" > < / script >
< script src = "../gitbook/gitbook-plugin-search-plus/search.js" > < / script >
< script src = "../gitbook/gitbook-plugin-sharing/buttons.js" > < / script >
< script src = "../gitbook/gitbook-plugin-fontsettings/fontsettings.js" > < / script >
< / body >
< / html >
