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<title>5.3 Serverless架构 · Kubernetes Handbook</title>
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1. 前言
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2. 概念原理
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2.1 设计理念
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2.2 Objects
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2.2.1 Pod
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2.2.1.1 Pod解析
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2.2.1.2 Init容器
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2.2.1.3 Pod安全策略
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2.2.1.4 Pod的生命周期
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2.2.2 Node
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2.2.3 Namespace
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2.2.4 Service
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2.2.5 Volume和Persistent Volume
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2.2.6 Deployment
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2.2.7 Secret
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2.2.8 StatefulSet
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2.2.9 DaemonSet
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2.2.10 ServiceAccount
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2.2.11 ReplicationController和ReplicaSet
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2.2.12 Job
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2.2.13 CronJob
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2.2.14 Ingress
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2.2.15 ConfigMap
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2.2.16 Horizontal Pod Autoscaling
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2.2.17 Label
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2.2.18 垃圾收集
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2.2.19 NetworkPolicy
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3. 用户指南
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3.1 资源配置
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3.1.1 配置Pod的liveness和readiness探针
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3.1.2 配置Pod的Service Account
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3.2 命令使用
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3.2.1 使用kubectl
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3.2.2 docker用户过度到kubectl命令行指南
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3.3 集群安全性管理
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3.3.1 管理集群中的TLS
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3.3.2 kubelet的认证授权
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3.3.3 TLS bootstrap
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3.3.4 kubectl的用户认证授权
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3.3.5 RBAC——基于角色的访问控制
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2017-09-07 14:13:59 +08:00
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3.3.6 IP伪装代理
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3.4 访问 Kubernetes 集群
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3.4.1 访问集群
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3.4.2 使用 kubeconfig 文件配置跨集群认证
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3.4.3 通过端口转发访问集群中的应用程序
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3.4.4 使用 service 访问群集中的应用程序
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3.5 在kubernetes中开发部署应用
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3.5.1 适用于kubernetes的应用开发部署流程
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3.5.2 迁移传统应用到kubernetes中——以Hadoop YARN为例
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4. 最佳实践
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4.1 在CentOS上部署kubernetes1.6集群
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4.1.1 创建TLS证书和秘钥
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4.1.2 创建kubeconfig文件
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4.1.3 创建高可用etcd集群
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4.1.4 安装kubectl命令行工具
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4.1.5 部署master节点
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4.1.6 部署node节点
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.7" data-path="../practice/kubedns-addon-installation.html">
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4.1.7 安装kubedns插件
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.8" data-path="../practice/dashboard-addon-installation.html">
<a href="../practice/dashboard-addon-installation.html">
4.1.8 安装dashboard插件
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.9" data-path="../practice/heapster-addon-installation.html">
<a href="../practice/heapster-addon-installation.html">
4.1.9 安装heapster插件
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.10" data-path="../practice/efk-addon-installation.html">
<a href="../practice/efk-addon-installation.html">
4.1.10 安装EFK插件
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2" data-path="../practice/service-discovery-and-loadbalancing.html">
<a href="../practice/service-discovery-and-loadbalancing.html">
4.2 服务发现与负载均衡
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2.1" data-path="../practice/traefik-ingress-installation.html">
<a href="../practice/traefik-ingress-installation.html">
4.2.1 安装Traefik ingress
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2.2" data-path="../practice/distributed-load-test.html">
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4.2.2 分布式负载测试
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2.3" data-path="../practice/network-and-cluster-perfermance-test.html">
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4.2.3 网络和集群性能测试
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2.4" data-path="../practice/edge-node-configuration.html">
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4.2.4 边缘节点配置
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4.3 运维管理
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.1" data-path="../practice/service-rolling-update.html">
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4.3.1 服务滚动升级
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.2" data-path="../practice/app-log-collection.html">
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4.3.2 应用日志收集
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.3" data-path="../practice/configuration-best-practice.html">
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4.3.3 配置最佳实践
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.4" data-path="../practice/monitor.html">
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4.3.4 集群及应用监控
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.5" data-path="../practice/jenkins-ci-cd.html">
<a href="../practice/jenkins-ci-cd.html">
4.3.5 使用Jenkins进行持续构建与发布
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.6" data-path="../practice/data-persistence-problem.html">
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4.3.6 数据持久化问题
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4.3.7 管理容器的计算资源
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4.4 存储管理
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<a href="../practice/glusterfs.html">
4.4.1 GlusterFS
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4.1.1" data-path="../practice/using-glusterfs-for-persistent-storage.html">
<a href="../practice/using-glusterfs-for-persistent-storage.html">
4.4.1.1 使用GlusterFS做持久化存储
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4.1.2" data-path="../practice/storage-for-containers-using-glusterfs-with-openshift.html">
<a href="../practice/storage-for-containers-using-glusterfs-with-openshift.html">
4.4.1.2 在OpenShift中使用GlusterFS做持久化存储
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</ul>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4.2" data-path="../practice/cephfs.html">
<a href="../practice/cephfs.html">
4.4.2 CephFS
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4.2.1" data-path="../practice/using-ceph-for-persistent-storage.html">
<a href="../practice/using-ceph-for-persistent-storage.html">
4.4.2.1 使用Ceph做持久化存储
</a>
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</ul>
</li>
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5. 领域应用
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5.1 微服务架构
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.1" data-path="service-discovery-in-microservices.html">
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5.1.1 微服务中的服务发现
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5.2 Service Mesh 服务网格
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.1" data-path="istio.html">
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<a href="istio.html">
5.1.1 Istio
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.1.1" data-path="istio-installation.html">
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<a href="istio-installation.html">
5.1.1.1 安装istio
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.1.2" data-path="configuring-request-routing.html">
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<a href="configuring-request-routing.html">
5.1.1.2 配置请求的路由规则
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.2" data-path="linkerd.html">
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<a href="linkerd.html">
5.1.2 Linkerd
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.2.1" data-path="linkerd-user-guide.html">
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<a href="linkerd-user-guide.html">
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2017-08-30 16:52:33 +08:00
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5.3 Serverless架构
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<a href=".." >5.3 Serverless架构</a>
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<h1 id="serverless&#x67B6;&#x6784;">Serverless&#x67B6;&#x6784;</h1>
<p>Serverless&#xFF08;&#x65E0;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x5668;&#x67B6;&#x6784;&#xFF09;&#x6307;&#x7684;&#x662F;&#x7531;&#x5F00;&#x53D1;&#x8005;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x7684;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x7AEF;&#x903B;&#x8F91;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x5728;&#x65E0;&#x72B6;&#x6001;&#x7684;&#x8BA1;&#x7B97;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;&#x5B83;&#x7531;&#x4E8B;&#x4EF6;&#x89E6;&#x53D1;&#xFF0C; &#x5B8C;&#x5168;&#x88AB;&#x7B2C;&#x4E09;&#x65B9;&#x7BA1;&#x7406;&#xFF0C;&#x5176;&#x4E1A;&#x52A1;&#x5C42;&#x9762;&#x7684;&#x72B6;&#x6001;&#x5219;&#x88AB;&#x5F00;&#x53D1;&#x8005;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x7684;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x5E93;&#x548C;&#x5B58;&#x50A8;&#x8D44;&#x6E90;&#x6240;&#x8BB0;&#x5F55;&#x3002;</p>
<h3 id="serverless&#x67B6;&#x6784;&#x7684;&#x4F18;&#x70B9;">Serverless&#x67B6;&#x6784;&#x7684;&#x4F18;&#x70B9;</h3>
<p>&#x4ECA;&#x5929;&#x5927;&#x591A;&#x6570;&#x516C;&#x53F8;&#x5728;&#x5F00;&#x53D1;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x5E76;&#x5C06;&#x5176;&#x90E8;&#x7F72;&#x5728;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x5668;&#x4E0A;&#x7684;&#x65F6;&#x5019;&#xFF0C;&#x65E0;&#x8BBA;&#x662F;&#x9009;&#x62E9;&#x516C;&#x6709;&#x4E91;&#x8FD8;&#x662F;&#x79C1;&#x6709;&#x7684;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x4E2D;&#x5FC3;&#xFF0C;&#x90FD;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x63D0;&#x524D;&#x4E86;&#x89E3;&#x7A76;&#x7ADF;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x591A;&#x5C11;&#x53F0;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x5668;&#x3001;&#x591A;&#x5927;&#x5BB9;&#x91CF;&#x7684;&#x5B58;&#x50A8;&#x548C;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x5E93;&#x7684;&#x529F;&#x80FD;&#x7B49;&#x3002;&#x5E76;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x90E8;&#x7F72;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x548C;&#x4F9D;&#x8D56;&#x7684;&#x8F6F;&#x4EF6;&#x5230;&#x57FA;&#x7840;&#x8BBE;&#x65BD;&#x4E4B;&#x4E0A;&#x3002;&#x5047;&#x8BBE;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x4E0D;&#x60F3;&#x5728;&#x8FD9;&#x4E9B;&#x7EC6;&#x8282;&#x4E0A;&#x82B1;&#x8D39;&#x7CBE;&#x529B;&#xFF0C;&#x662F;&#x5426;&#x6709;&#x4E00;&#x79CD;&#x7B80;&#x5355;&#x7684;&#x67B6;&#x6784;&#x6A21;&#x578B;&#x80FD;&#x591F;&#x6EE1;&#x8DB3;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x8FD9;&#x79CD;&#x60F3;&#x6CD5;&#xFF1F;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x7B54;&#x6848;&#x5DF2;&#x7ECF;&#x5B58;&#x5728;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x5C31;&#x662F;&#x4ECA;&#x5929;&#x8F6F;&#x4EF6;&#x67B6;&#x6784;&#x4E16;&#x754C;&#x4E2D;&#x65B0;&#x9C9C;&#x4F46;&#x662F;&#x5F88;&#x70ED;&#x95E8;&#x7684;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x8BDD;&#x9898;&#x2014;&#x2014;Serverless&#xFF08;&#x65E0;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x5668;&#xFF09;&#x67B6;&#x6784;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x2014;&#x2014;AWS &#x8D39;&#x826F;&#x5B8F;</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>&#x964D;&#x4F4E;&#x8FD0;&#x8425;&#x6210;&#x672C;&#xFF1A;</strong></li>
</ul>
<p>Serverless&#x662F;&#x975E;&#x5E38;&#x7B80;&#x5355;&#x7684;&#x5916;&#x5305;&#x89E3;&#x51B3;&#x65B9;&#x6848;&#x3002;&#x5B83;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x8BA9;&#x60A8;&#x59D4;&#x6258;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x5546;&#x7BA1;&#x7406;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x5668;&#x3001;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x5E93;&#x548C;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x751A;&#x81F3;&#x903B;&#x8F91;&#xFF0C;&#x5426;&#x5219;&#x60A8;&#x5C31;&#x4E0D;&#x5F97;&#x4E0D;&#x81EA;&#x5DF1;&#x6765;&#x7EF4;&#x62A4;&#x3002;&#x7531;&#x4E8E;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x8005;&#x7684;&#x6570;&#x91CF;&#x4F1A;&#x975E;&#x5E38;&#x5E9E;&#x5927;&#xFF0C;&#x4E8E;&#x662F;&#x5C31;&#x4F1A;&#x4EA7;&#x751F;&#x89C4;&#x6A21;&#x7ECF;&#x6D4E;&#x6548;&#x5E94;&#x3002;&#x5728;&#x964D;&#x4F4E;&#x6210;&#x672C;&#x4E0A;&#x5305;&#x542B;&#x4E86;&#x4E24;&#x4E2A;&#x65B9;&#x9762;&#xFF0C;&#x5373;&#x57FA;&#x7840;&#x8BBE;&#x65BD;&#x7684;&#x6210;&#x672C;&#x548C;&#x4EBA;&#x5458;&#xFF08;&#x8FD0;&#x8425;/&#x5F00;&#x53D1;&#xFF09;&#x7684;&#x6210;&#x672C;&#x3002;</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>&#x964D;&#x4F4E;&#x5F00;&#x53D1;&#x6210;&#x672C;&#xFF1A;</strong></li>
</ul>
<p>IaaS&#x548C;PaaS&#x5B58;&#x5728;&#x7684;&#x524D;&#x63D0;&#x662F;&#xFF0C;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x5668;&#x548C;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x7BA1;&#x7406;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5546;&#x54C1;&#x5316;&#x3002;Serverless&#x4F5C;&#x4E3A;&#x53E6;&#x4E00;&#x79CD;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x7684;&#x7ED3;&#x679C;&#x662F;&#x6574;&#x4E2A;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x7EC4;&#x4EF6;&#x88AB;&#x5546;&#x54C1;&#x5316;&#x3002;</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>&#x6269;&#x5C55;&#x80FD;&#x529B;&#xFF1A;</strong></li>
</ul>
<p>Serverless&#x67B6;&#x6784;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x663E;&#x800C;&#x6613;&#x89C1;&#x7684;&#x4F18;&#x70B9;&#x5373;&#x201C;&#x6A2A;&#x5411;&#x6269;&#x5C55;&#x662F;&#x5B8C;&#x5168;&#x81EA;&#x52A8;&#x7684;&#x3001;&#x6709;&#x5F39;&#x6027;&#x7684;&#x3001;&#x4E14;&#x7531;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x8005;&#x6240;&#x7BA1;&#x7406;&#x201D;&#x3002;&#x4ECE;&#x57FA;&#x672C;&#x7684;&#x57FA;&#x7840;&#x8BBE;&#x65BD;&#x65B9;&#x9762;&#x53D7;&#x76CA;&#x6700;&#x5927;&#x7684;&#x597D;&#x5904;&#x662F;&#xFF0C;&#x60A8;&#x53EA;&#x9700;&#x652F;&#x4ED8;&#x60A8;&#x6240;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x7684;&#x8BA1;&#x7B97;&#x80FD;&#x529B;&#x3002;</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>&#x66F4;&#x7B80;&#x5355;&#x7684;&#x7BA1;&#x7406;&#xFF1A;</strong></li>
</ul>
<p>Serverless&#x67B6;&#x6784;&#x660E;&#x663E;&#x6BD4;&#x5176;&#x4ED6;&#x67B6;&#x6784;&#x66F4;&#x7B80;&#x5355;&#x3002;&#x66F4;&#x5C11;&#x7684;&#x7EC4;&#x4EF6;&#xFF0C;&#x5C31;&#x610F;&#x5473;&#x7740;&#x60A8;&#x7684;&#x7BA1;&#x7406;&#x5F00;&#x9500;&#x4F1A;&#x66F4;&#x5C11;&#x3002;</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>&#x201C;&#x7EFF;&#x8272;&#x201D;&#x7684;&#x8BA1;&#x7B97;&#xFF1A;</strong></li>
</ul>
<p>&#x6309;&#x7167;&#x300A;&#x798F;&#x5E03;&#x65AF;&#x300B;&#x6742;&#x5FD7;&#x7684;&#x7EDF;&#x8BA1;&#xFF0C;&#x5728;&#x5546;&#x4E1A;&#x548C;&#x4F01;&#x4E1A;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x4E2D;&#x5FC3;&#x7684;&#x5178;&#x578B;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x5668;&#x4EC5;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;5%&#xFF5E;15%&#x7684;&#x5E73;&#x5747;&#x6700;&#x5927;&#x5904;&#x7406;&#x80FD;&#x529B;&#x7684;&#x8F93;&#x51FA;&#x3002;&#x8FD9;&#x65E0;&#x7591;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x79CD;&#x8D44;&#x6E90;&#x7684;&#x5DE8;&#x5927;&#x6D6A;&#x8D39;&#x3002;&#x968F;&#x7740;Serverless&#x67B6;&#x6784;&#x7684;&#x51FA;&#x73B0;&#xFF0C;&#x8BA9;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x5546;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x7684;&#x8BA1;&#x7B97;&#x80FD;&#x529B;&#x6700;&#x5927;&#x9650;&#x5EA6;&#x6EE1;&#x8DB3;&#x5B9E;&#x65F6;&#x9700;&#x6C42;&#x3002;&#x8FD9;&#x5C06;&#x4F7F;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x66F4;&#x6709;&#x6548;&#x5730;&#x5229;&#x7528;&#x8BA1;&#x7B97;&#x8D44;&#x6E90;&#x3002;</p>
<h2 id="kubernetes&#x4E0A;&#x7684;serverless-&#x67B6;&#x6784;">Kubernetes&#x4E0A;&#x7684;serverless &#x67B6;&#x6784;</h2>
<p>&#x76EE;&#x524D;&#x5DF2;&#x7ECF;&#x6709;&#x4E00;&#x6279;&#x4F18;&#x79C0;&#x7684;&#x57FA;&#x4E8E; kubernetes &#x7684; serverless &#x67B6;&#x6784;&#x5F00;&#x6E90;&#x9879;&#x76EE;&#x5982;&#x4E0B;&#xFF1A;</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/alexellis/faas" target="_blank">faas</a> - &#x1F433; Functions as a Service - a serverless framework for Docker &amp; Kubernetes <a href="https://blog.alexellis.io/introducing-functions-as-a-service/" target="_blank">https://blog.alexellis.io/introducing&#x2026;</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/alexellis/faas-netes" target="_blank">faas-netes</a> - Enable Kubernetes as a backend for Functions as a Service (OpenFaaS) <a href="https://github.com/alexellis/faas" target="_blank">https://github.com/alexellis/faas</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/funktionio/funktion/" target="_blank">funktion</a> - a CLI tool for working with funktion <a href="https://funktion.fabric8.io/" target="_blank">https://funktion.fabric8.io/</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/iron-io/functions" target="_blank">IronFunctions</a> - IronFunctions - the serverless microservices platform. <a href="http://iron.io/" target="_blank">http://iron.io</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/kubeless/kubeless" target="_blank">kubeless</a> - Kubernetes Native Serverless Framework <a href="http://kubeless.io/" target="_blank">http://kubeless.io</a></li>
<li><a href="http://openwhisk.incubator.apache.org/" target="_blank">OpenWhisk</a> - Apache OpenWhisk (Incubating) is a <a href="http://openwhisk.incubator.apache.org/serverless" target="_blank">serverless</a>, open source cloud platform that executes functions in response to events at any scale.</li>
</ul>
<p>&#x4EE5;&#x4E0A;&#x9879;&#x76EE;&#x6536;&#x5F55;&#x4E8E; <a href="https://github.com/rootsongjc/awesome-cloud-native" target="_blank">awsome-cloud-native</a></p>
<h2 id="&#x53C2;&#x8003;">&#x53C2;&#x8003;</h2>
<p><a href="https://martinfowler.com/articles/serverless.html" target="_blank">Serverless Architectures - Martin Fowler</a></p>
<p><a href="http://dockone.io/article/1460" target="_blank">Serverless&#x67B6;&#x6784;&#x7EFC;&#x8FF0;</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.infoq.com/cn/news/2017/04/2017-Serverless" target="_blank">2017&#x5E74;&#x4F1A;&#x662F;Serverless&#x7206;&#x53D1;&#x4E4B;&#x5E74;&#x5417;&#xFF1F;</a></p>
2017-09-19 21:38:03 +08:00
<p><a href="https://aws.amazon.com/cn/blogs/china/iaas-faas-serverless/" target="_blank">&#x4ECE;IaaS&#x5230;FaaS&#x2014;&#x2014; Serverless&#x67B6;&#x6784;&#x7684;&#x524D;&#x4E16;&#x4ECA;&#x751F;</a></p>
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