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序言
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1. Kubernetes与云原生应用概览
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2. 概念原理
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2.1 设计理念
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2.2 Objects
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2.2.1 Pod
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2.2.1.1 Pod解析
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2.2.1.2 Init容器
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2.2.1.3 Pod安全策略
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2.2.1.4 Pod的生命周期
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2.2.2 Node
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2.2.3 Namespace
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2.2.4 Service
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2.2.5 Volume和Persistent Volume
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2.2.6 Deployment
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2.2.7 Secret
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2.2.8 StatefulSet
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2.2.9 DaemonSet
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2.2.10 ServiceAccount
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2.2.11 ReplicationController和ReplicaSet
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2.2.12 Job
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2.2.13 CronJob
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2.2.14 Ingress
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2.2.15 ConfigMap
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2.2.16 Horizontal Pod Autoscaling
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2.2.17 Label
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2.2.18 垃圾收集
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2.2.19 NetworkPolicy
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3. 用户指南
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3.1 资源对象配置
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3.1.1 配置Pod的liveness和readiness探针
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3.1.2 配置Pod的Service Account
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3.1.3 Secret配置
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3.2.3 管理namespace中的资源配额
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3.2 命令使用
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3.2.1 使用kubectl
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3.2.2 docker用户过度到kubectl命令行指南
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3.3 集群安全性管理
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3.3.1 管理集群中的TLS
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3.3.2 kubelet的认证授权
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3.3.3 TLS bootstrap
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3.3.4 创建用户认证授权的kubeconfig文件
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3.3.5 RBAC——基于角色的访问控制
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3.3.6 IP伪装代理
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3.4 访问 Kubernetes 集群
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3.4.1 访问集群
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3.4.2 使用 kubeconfig 文件配置跨集群认证
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3.4.3 通过端口转发访问集群中的应用程序
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3.4.4 使用 service 访问群集中的应用程序
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3.5 在kubernetes中开发部署应用
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3.5.1 适用于kubernetes的应用开发部署流程
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3.5.2 迁移传统应用到kubernetes中——以Hadoop YARN为例
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3.5.3 使用StatefulSet部署用状态应用
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4. 最佳实践
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4.1 在CentOS上部署kubernetes1.6集群
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4.1.1 创建TLS证书和秘钥
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4.1.2 创建kubeconfig文件
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4.1.3 创建高可用etcd集群
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4.1.4 安装kubectl命令行工具
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4.1.5 部署master节点
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4.1.6 部署node节点
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4.1.7 安装kubedns插件
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4.1.8 安装dashboard插件
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4.1.9 安装heapster插件
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4.1.10 安装EFK插件
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4.2 服务发现与负载均衡
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4.2.1 安装Traefik ingress
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4.2.2 分布式负载测试
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4.2.3 网络和集群性能测试
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4.2.4 边缘节点配置
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< a href = "nginx-ingress-installation.html" >
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4.2.5 安装Nginx ingress
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4.3 运维管理
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4.3.1 服务滚动升级
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4.3.2 应用日志收集
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4.3.3 配置最佳实践
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4.3.4 集群及应用监控
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4.3.6 数据持久化问题
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4.3.7 管理容器的计算资源
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4.3.8 使用Prometheus监控kubernetes集群
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4.3.9 使用Heapster获取集群和对象的metric数据
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4.4 存储管理
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4.4.1 GlusterFS
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4.4.1.1 使用GlusterFS做持久化存储
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< a href = "storage-for-containers-using-glusterfs-with-openshift.html" >
4.4.1.2 在OpenShift中使用GlusterFS做持久化存储
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4.4.2 CephFS
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4.4.2.1 使用Ceph做持久化存储
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4.5 服务编排管理
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4.5.1 使用Helm管理kubernetes应用
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4.5.2 构建私有Chart仓库
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4.6 持续集成与发布
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4.6.1 使用Jenkins进行持续集成与发布
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4.6.2 使用Drone进行持续集成与发布
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4.7 更新与升级
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4.7.1 手动升级kubernetes集群
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4.7.2 升级dashboard
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5. 领域应用
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5.1 微服务架构
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5.1.1 微服务中的服务发现
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5.2 Service Mesh 服务网格
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5.1.1 Istio
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5.1.1.1 安装istio
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5.1.1.2 配置请求的路由规则
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5.1.2 Linkerd
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5.1.2.1 Linkerd 使用指南
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5.2 大数据
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< a href = "../usecases/spark-standalone-on-kubernetes.html" >
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5.2.1 Spark standalone on Kubernetes
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< a href = "../usecases/running-spark-with-kubernetes-native-scheduler.html" >
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5.2.2 运行支持kubernetes原生调度的Spark程序
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5.3 Serverless架构
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5.4 边缘计算
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6. 开发指南
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6.1 开发环境搭建
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6.2 单元测试和集成测试
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6.3 client-go示例
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6.4 社区贡献
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6.5 Minikube
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7. 附录
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7.1 Docker最佳实践
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7.2 问题记录
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7.3 使用技巧
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7.4 kubernetes中的应用故障排查
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< a href = "../appendix/material-share.html" >
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7.5 Kubernetes相关资讯和情报链接
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本书使用 GitBook 发布
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< h1 id = "安装kubedns插件" > 安 装 kubedns插 件 < / h1 >
< p > 官 方 的 yaml文 件 目 录 ： < code > kubernetes/cluster/addons/dns< / code > 。 < / p >
< p > 该 插 件 直 接 使 用 kubernetes部 署 ， 官 方 的 配 置 文 件 中 包 含 以 下 镜 像 ： < / p >
< pre > < code > gcr.io/google_containers/k8s-dns-dnsmasq-nanny-amd64:1.14.1
gcr.io/google_containers/k8s-dns-kube-dns-amd64:1.14.1
gcr.io/google_containers/k8s-dns-sidecar-amd64:1.14.1
< / code > < / pre > < p > 我 clone了 上 述 镜 像 ， 上 传 到 我 的 私 有 镜 像 仓 库 ： < / p >
< pre > < code > sz-pg-oam-docker-hub-001.tendcloud.com/library/k8s-dns-dnsmasq-nanny-amd64:1.14.1
sz-pg-oam-docker-hub-001.tendcloud.com/library/k8s-dns-kube-dns-amd64:1.14.1
sz-pg-oam-docker-hub-001.tendcloud.com/library/k8s-dns-sidecar-amd64:1.14.1
< / code > < / pre > < p > 同 时 上 传 了 一 份 到 时 速 云 备 份 ： < / p >
< pre > < code > index.tenxcloud.com/jimmy/k8s-dns-dnsmasq-nanny-amd64:1.14.1
index.tenxcloud.com/jimmy/k8s-dns-kube-dns-amd64:1.14.1
index.tenxcloud.com/jimmy/k8s-dns-sidecar-amd64:1.14.1
< / code > < / pre > < p > 以 下 yaml配 置 文 件 中 使 用 的 是 私 有 镜 像 仓 库 中 的 镜 像 。 < / p >
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< pre > < code > kubedns-cm.yaml
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kubedns-sa.yaml
kubedns-controller.yaml
kubedns-svc.yaml
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< / code > < / pre > < p > 已 经 修 改 好 的 yaml 文 件 见 ： < a href = "https://github.com/rootsongjc/kubernetes-handbook/blob/master/manifests/kubedns" target = "_blank" > ../manifests/kubedns< / a > < / p >
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< h2 id = "系统预定义的-rolebinding" > 系 统 预 定 义 的 RoleBinding< / h2 >
< p > 预 定 义 的 RoleBinding < code > system:kube-dns< / code > 将 kube-system 命 名 空 间 的 < code > kube-dns< / code > ServiceAccount 与 < code > system:kube-dns< / code > Role 绑 定 ， 该 Role 具 有 访 问 kube-apiserver DNS 相 关 API 的 权 限 ； < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-Bash" > $ kubectl get clusterrolebindings system:kube-dns -o yaml
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
annotations:
rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: < span class = "hljs-string" > " true" < / span >
creationTimestamp: 2017-04-11T11:20:42Z
labels:
kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults
name: system:kube-dns
resourceVersion: < span class = "hljs-string" > " 58" < / span >
selfLink: /apis/rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1/clusterrolebindingssystem%3Akube-dns
uid: e61f4d92-1ea8-11e7-8< span class = "hljs-built_in" > cd< / span > 7< span class = "hljs-_" > -f< / span > 4e9d49f8ed0
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: system:kube-dns
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: kube-dns
namespace: kube-system
< / code > < / pre >
< p > < code > kubedns-controller.yaml< / code > 中 定 义 的 Pods 时 使 用 了 < code > kubedns-sa.yaml< / code > 文 件 定 义 的 < code > kube-dns< / code > ServiceAccount， 所 以 具 有 访 问 kube-apiserver DNS 相 关 API 的 权 限 。 < / p >
< h2 id = "配置-kube-dns-serviceaccount" > 配 置 kube-dns ServiceAccount< / h2 >
< p > 无 需 修 改 。 < / p >
< h2 id = "配置-kube-dns-服务" > 配 置 < code > kube-dns< / code > 服 务 < / h2 >
< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > $ diff kubedns-svc.yaml.base kubedns-svc.yaml
30c30
< clusterIP: __PILLAR__DNS__SERVER__
---
> clusterIP: 10.254.0.2
< / code > < / pre >
< ul >
< li > spec.clusterIP = 10.254.0.2， 即 明 确 指 定 了 kube-dns Service IP， 这 个 IP 需 要 和 kubelet 的 < code > --cluster-dns< / code > 参 数 值 一 致 ； < / li >
< / ul >
< h2 id = "配置-kube-dns-deployment" > 配 置 < code > kube-dns< / code > Deployment< / h2 >
< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > $ diff kubedns-controller.yaml.base kubedns-controller.yaml
58c58
< image: gcr.io/google_containers/k8s-dns-kube-dns-amd64:1.14.1
---
> image: sz-pg-oam-docker-hub-001.tendcloud.com/library/k8s-dns-kube-dns-amd64:v1.14.1
88c88
< - --domain=__PILLAR__DNS__DOMAIN__.
---
> - --domain=cluster.local.
92c92
< __PILLAR__FEDERATIONS__DOMAIN__MAP__
---
> < span class = "hljs-comment" > #__PILLAR__FEDERATIONS__DOMAIN__MAP__< / span >
110c110
< image: gcr.io/google_containers/k8s-dns-dnsmasq-nanny-amd64:1.14.1
---
> image: sz-pg-oam-docker-hub-001.tendcloud.com/library/k8s-dns-dnsmasq-nanny-amd64:v1.14.1
129c129
< - --server=/__PILLAR__DNS__DOMAIN__/127.0.0.1< span class = "hljs-comment" > #10053< / span >
---
> - --server=/cluster.local./127.0.0.1< span class = "hljs-comment" > #10053< / span >
148c148
< image: gcr.io/google_containers/k8s-dns-sidecar-amd64:1.14.1
---
> image: sz-pg-oam-docker-hub-001.tendcloud.com/library/k8s-dns-sidecar-amd64:v1.14.1
161,162c161,162
< - --probe=kubedns,127.0.0.1:10053,kubernetes.default.svc.__PILLAR__DNS__DOMAIN__,5,A
< - --probe=dnsmasq,127.0.0.1:53,kubernetes.default.svc.__PILLAR__DNS__DOMAIN__,5,A
---
> - --probe=kubedns,127.0.0.1:10053,kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local.,5,A
> - --probe=dnsmasq,127.0.0.1:53,kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local.,5,A
< / code > < / pre >
< ul >
< li > 使 用 系 统 已 经 做 了 RoleBinding 的 < code > kube-dns< / code > ServiceAccount， 该 账 户 具 有 访 问 kube-apiserver DNS 相 关 API 的 权 限 ； < / li >
< / ul >
< h2 id = "执行所有定义文件" > 执 行 所 有 定 义 文 件 < / h2 >
< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > $ < span class = "hljs-built_in" > pwd< / span >
/root/kubedns
$ ls *.yaml
kubedns-cm.yaml kubedns-controller.yaml kubedns-sa.yaml kubedns-svc.yaml
$ kubectl create < span class = "hljs-_" > -f< / span > .
< / code > < / pre >
< h2 id = "检查-kubedns-功能" > 检 查 kubedns 功 能 < / h2 >
< p > 新 建 一 个 Deployment< / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > $ cat my-nginx.yaml
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: my-nginx
spec:
replicas: 2
template:
metadata:
labels:
run: my-nginx
spec:
containers:
- name: my-nginx
image: sz-pg-oam-docker-hub-001.tendcloud.com/library/nginx:1.9
ports:
- containerPort: 80
$ kubectl create < span class = "hljs-_" > -f< / span > my-nginx.yaml
< / code > < / pre >
< p > Export 该 Deployment, 生 成 < code > my-nginx< / code > 服 务 < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > $ kubectl expose deploy my-nginx
$ kubectl get services --all-namespaces |grep my-nginx
default my-nginx 10.254.179.239 < none> 80/TCP 42m
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 创 建 另 一 个 Pod， 查 看 < code > /etc/resolv.conf< / code > 是 否 包 含 < code > kubelet< / code > 配 置 的 < code > --cluster-dns< / code > 和 < code > --cluster-domain< / code > ， 是 否 能 够 将 服 务 < code > my-nginx< / code > 解 析 到 Cluster IP < code > 10.254.179.239< / code > 。 < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > $ kubectl create < span class = "hljs-_" > -f< / span > nginx-pod.yaml
$ kubectl < span class = "hljs-built_in" > exec< / span > nginx -i -t -- /bin/bash
root@nginx:/< span class = "hljs-comment" > # cat /etc/resolv.conf< / span >
nameserver 10.254.0.2
search default.svc.cluster.local. svc.cluster.local. cluster.local. tendcloud.com
options ndots:5
root@nginx:/< span class = "hljs-comment" > # ping my-nginx< / span >
PING my-nginx.default.svc.cluster.local (10.254.179.239): 56 data bytes
76 bytes from 119.147.223.109: Destination Net Unreachable
^C--- my-nginx.default.svc.cluster.local ping statistics ---
root@nginx:/< span class = "hljs-comment" > # ping kubernetes< / span >
PING kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local (10.254.0.1): 56 data bytes
^C--- kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local ping statistics ---
11 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% packet loss
root@nginx:/< span class = "hljs-comment" > # ping kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.local< / span >
PING kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.local (10.254.0.2): 56 data bytes
^C--- kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.local ping statistics ---
6 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% packet loss
< / code > < / pre >
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< p > 从 结 果 来 看 ， service名 称 可 以 正 常 解 析 。 < / p >
< p > < strong > 注 意 < / strong > ： 直 接 ping ClusterIP是 ping不 通 的 ， ClusterIP是 根 据 < strong > IPtables< / strong > 路 由 到 服 务 的 endpoint上 ， 只 有 结 合 ClusterIP加 端 口 才 能 访 问 到 对 应 的 服 务 。 < / p >
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