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<title>创建 TLS 证书和秘钥 · Kubernetes 中文指南——云原生应用架构实践手册</title>
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<li class="header">前言</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.1" data-path="../">
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<b>1.1.</b>
序言
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<li class="header">云原生</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.1" data-path="../cloud-native/cloud-native-definition.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/cloud-native-definition.html">
<b>2.1.</b>
云原生的定义
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<li class="chapter " data-level="2.2" data-path="../cloud-native/cloud-native-philosophy.html">
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<b>2.2.</b>
云原生的设计哲学
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<li class="chapter " data-level="2.3" data-path="../cloud-native/kubernetes-history.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/kubernetes-history.html">
<b>2.3.</b>
Kubernetes 的诞生
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<li class="chapter " data-level="2.4" data-path="../cloud-native/kubernetes-and-cloud-native-app-overview.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/kubernetes-and-cloud-native-app-overview.html">
<b>2.4.</b>
Kubernetes 与云原生应用概览
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.5" data-path="../cloud-native/from-kubernetes-to-cloud-native.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/from-kubernetes-to-cloud-native.html">
<b>2.5.</b>
云原生应用之路 —— 从 Kubernetes 到云原生
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.6" data-path="../cloud-native/define-cloud-native-app.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/define-cloud-native-app.html">
<b>2.6.</b>
定义云原生应用
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.6.1" data-path="../cloud-native/oam.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/oam.html">
<b>2.6.1.</b>
OAM
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.6.1.1" data-path="../cloud-native/workload.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/workload.html">
<b>2.6.1.1.</b>
Workload
</a>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="2.6.1.2" data-path="../cloud-native/component.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/component.html">
<b>2.6.1.2.</b>
Component
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.6.1.3" data-path="../cloud-native/trait.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/trait.html">
<b>2.6.1.3.</b>
Trait
</a>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="2.6.1.4" data-path="../cloud-native/application-scope.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/application-scope.html">
<b>2.6.1.4.</b>
Application Scope
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.6.1.5" data-path="../cloud-native/application-configuration.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/application-configuration.html">
<b>2.6.1.5.</b>
Application Configuration
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.6.2" data-path="../cloud-native/crossplane.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/crossplane.html">
<b>2.6.2.</b>
Crossplane
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.7" data-path="../cloud-native/cloud-native-programming-languages.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/cloud-native-programming-languages.html">
<b>2.7.</b>
云原生平台配置语言
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.7.1" data-path="../cloud-native/cloud-native-programming-language-ballerina.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/cloud-native-programming-language-ballerina.html">
<b>2.7.1.</b>
Ballerina
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.7.2" data-path="../cloud-native/cloud-native-programming-language-pulumi.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/cloud-native-programming-language-pulumi.html">
<b>2.7.2.</b>
Pulumi
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.8" data-path="../cloud-native/the-future-of-cloud-native.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/the-future-of-cloud-native.html">
<b>2.8.</b>
云原生的未来
</a>
</li>
<li class="header">快速入门</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1" data-path="../cloud-native/quick-start.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/quick-start.html">
<b>3.1.</b>
云原生新手入门指南
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.2" data-path="../cloud-native/play-with-kubernetes.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/play-with-kubernetes.html">
<b>3.2.</b>
Play with Kubernetes
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.3" data-path="../cloud-native/cloud-native-local-quick-start.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/cloud-native-local-quick-start.html">
<b>3.3.</b>
快速部署一个云原生本地实验环境
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.4" data-path="../cloud-native/setup-kubernetes-with-rancher-and-aliyun.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/setup-kubernetes-with-rancher-and-aliyun.html">
<b>3.4.</b>
使用 Rancher 在阿里云上部署 Kubenretes 集群
</a>
</li>
<li class="header">概念与原理</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1" data-path="../concepts/">
<a href="../concepts/">
<b>4.1.</b>
Kubernetes 架构
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1.1" data-path="../concepts/concepts.html">
<a href="../concepts/concepts.html">
<b>4.1.1.</b>
Kubernetes 的设计理念
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1.2" data-path="../concepts/etcd.html">
<a href="../concepts/etcd.html">
<b>4.1.2.</b>
Etcd 解析
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1.3" data-path="../concepts/open-interfaces.html">
<a href="../concepts/open-interfaces.html">
<b>4.1.3.</b>
开放接口
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1.3.1" data-path="../concepts/cri.html">
<a href="../concepts/cri.html">
<b>4.1.3.1.</b>
容器运行时接口CRI
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1.3.2" data-path="../concepts/cni.html">
<a href="../concepts/cni.html">
<b>4.1.3.2.</b>
容器网络接口CNI
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1.3.3" data-path="../concepts/csi.html">
<a href="../concepts/csi.html">
<b>4.1.3.3.</b>
容器存储接口CSI
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1.4" data-path="../concepts/objects.html">
<a href="../concepts/objects.html">
<b>4.1.4.</b>
Kubernetes 中的资源对象
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.2" data-path="../concepts/pod-state-and-lifecycle.html">
<a href="../concepts/pod-state-and-lifecycle.html">
<b>4.2.</b>
Pod 状态与生命周期管理
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.2.1" data-path="../concepts/pod-overview.html">
<a href="../concepts/pod-overview.html">
<b>4.2.1.</b>
Pod 概览
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.2.2" data-path="../concepts/pod.html">
<a href="../concepts/pod.html">
<b>4.2.2.</b>
Pod 解析
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.2.3" data-path="../concepts/init-containers.html">
<a href="../concepts/init-containers.html">
<b>4.2.3.</b>
Init 容器
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.2.4" data-path="../concepts/pause-container.html">
<a href="../concepts/pause-container.html">
<b>4.2.4.</b>
Pause 容器
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.2.5" data-path="../concepts/pod-security-policy.html">
<a href="../concepts/pod-security-policy.html">
<b>4.2.5.</b>
Pod 安全策略
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.2.6" data-path="../concepts/pod-lifecycle.html">
<a href="../concepts/pod-lifecycle.html">
<b>4.2.6.</b>
Pod 的生命周期
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.2.7" data-path="../concepts/pod-hook.html">
<a href="../concepts/pod-hook.html">
<b>4.2.7.</b>
Pod Hook
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.2.8" data-path="../concepts/pod-preset.html">
<a href="../concepts/pod-preset.html">
<b>4.2.8.</b>
Pod Preset
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.2.9" data-path="../concepts/pod-disruption-budget.html">
<a href="../concepts/pod-disruption-budget.html">
<b>4.2.9.</b>
Pod 中断与 PDBPod 中断预算)
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.3" data-path="../concepts/cluster.html">
<a href="../concepts/cluster.html">
<b>4.3.</b>
集群资源管理
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.3.1" data-path="../concepts/node.html">
<a href="../concepts/node.html">
<b>4.3.1.</b>
Node
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.3.2" data-path="../concepts/namespace.html">
<a href="../concepts/namespace.html">
<b>4.3.2.</b>
Namespace
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.3.3" data-path="../concepts/label.html">
<a href="../concepts/label.html">
<b>4.3.3.</b>
Label
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.3.4" data-path="../concepts/annotation.html">
<a href="../concepts/annotation.html">
<b>4.3.4.</b>
Annotation
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.3.5" data-path="../concepts/taint-and-toleration.html">
<a href="../concepts/taint-and-toleration.html">
<b>4.3.5.</b>
Taint 和 Toleration污点和容忍
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.3.6" data-path="../concepts/garbage-collection.html">
<a href="../concepts/garbage-collection.html">
<b>4.3.6.</b>
垃圾收集
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.4" data-path="../concepts/controllers.html">
<a href="../concepts/controllers.html">
<b>4.4.</b>
控制器
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.4.1" data-path="../concepts/deployment.html">
<a href="../concepts/deployment.html">
<b>4.4.1.</b>
Deployment
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.4.2" data-path="../concepts/statefulset.html">
<a href="../concepts/statefulset.html">
<b>4.4.2.</b>
StatefulSet
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.4.3" data-path="../concepts/daemonset.html">
<a href="../concepts/daemonset.html">
<b>4.4.3.</b>
DaemonSet
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.4.4" data-path="../concepts/replicaset.html">
<a href="../concepts/replicaset.html">
<b>4.4.4.</b>
ReplicationController 和 ReplicaSet
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.4.5" data-path="../concepts/job.html">
<a href="../concepts/job.html">
<b>4.4.5.</b>
Job
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.4.6" data-path="../concepts/cronjob.html">
<a href="../concepts/cronjob.html">
<b>4.4.6.</b>
CronJob
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.4.7" data-path="../concepts/horizontal-pod-autoscaling.html">
<a href="../concepts/horizontal-pod-autoscaling.html">
<b>4.4.7.</b>
Horizontal Pod Autoscaling
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.4.7.1" data-path="../concepts/custom-metrics-hpa.html">
<a href="../concepts/custom-metrics-hpa.html">
<b>4.4.7.1.</b>
自定义指标 HPA
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.4.8" data-path="../concepts/admission-controller.html">
<a href="../concepts/admission-controller.html">
<b>4.4.8.</b>
准入控制器Admission Controller
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5" data-path="../concepts/service-discovery.html">
<a href="../concepts/service-discovery.html">
<b>4.5.</b>
服务发现与路由
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5.1" data-path="../concepts/service.html">
<a href="../concepts/service.html">
<b>4.5.1.</b>
Service
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5.2" data-path="../concepts/topology-aware-routing.html">
<a href="../concepts/topology-aware-routing.html">
<b>4.5.2.</b>
拓扑感知路由
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5.3" data-path="../concepts/ingress.html">
<a href="../concepts/ingress.html">
<b>4.5.3.</b>
Ingress
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5.3.1" data-path="../concepts/traefik-ingress-controller.html">
<a href="../concepts/traefik-ingress-controller.html">
<b>4.5.3.1.</b>
Traefik Ingress Controller
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5.4" data-path="../concepts/gateway.html">
<a href="../concepts/gateway.html">
<b>4.5.4.</b>
Gateway
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.6" data-path="../concepts/authentication-and-permission.html">
<a href="../concepts/authentication-and-permission.html">
<b>4.6.</b>
身份与权限控制
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.6.1" data-path="../concepts/serviceaccount.html">
<a href="../concepts/serviceaccount.html">
<b>4.6.1.</b>
ServiceAccount
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.6.2" data-path="../concepts/rbac.html">
<a href="../concepts/rbac.html">
<b>4.6.2.</b>
基于角色的访问控制RBAC
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.6.3" data-path="../concepts/network-policy.html">
<a href="../concepts/network-policy.html">
<b>4.6.3.</b>
NetworkPolicy
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.7" data-path="../concepts/networking.html">
<a href="../concepts/networking.html">
<b>4.7.</b>
网络
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.7.1" data-path="../concepts/flannel.html">
<a href="../concepts/flannel.html">
<b>4.7.1.</b>
扁平网络 Flannel
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.7.2" data-path="../concepts/calico.html">
<a href="../concepts/calico.html">
<b>4.7.2.</b>
非 Overlay 扁平网络 Calico
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.7.3" data-path="../concepts/cilium.html">
<a href="../concepts/cilium.html">
<b>4.7.3.</b>
基于 eBPF 的网络 Cilium
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.7.3.1" data-path="../concepts/cilium-concepts.html">
<a href="../concepts/cilium-concepts.html">
<b>4.7.3.1.</b>
Cilium 架构设计与概念解析
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.8" data-path="../concepts/storage.html">
<a href="../concepts/storage.html">
<b>4.8.</b>
存储
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.8.1" data-path="../concepts/secret.html">
<a href="../concepts/secret.html">
<b>4.8.1.</b>
Secret
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.8.2" data-path="../concepts/configmap.html">
<a href="../concepts/configmap.html">
<b>4.8.2.</b>
ConfigMap
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.8.2.1" data-path="../concepts/configmap-hot-update.html">
<a href="../concepts/configmap-hot-update.html">
<b>4.8.2.1.</b>
ConfigMap 的热更新
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.8.3" data-path="../concepts/volume.html">
<a href="../concepts/volume.html">
<b>4.8.3.</b>
Volume
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.8.4" data-path="../concepts/persistent-volume.html">
<a href="../concepts/persistent-volume.html">
<b>4.8.4.</b>
持久化卷Persistent Volume
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.8.5" data-path="../concepts/storageclass.html">
<a href="../concepts/storageclass.html">
<b>4.8.5.</b>
Storage Class
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.8.6" data-path="../concepts/local-persistent-storage.html">
<a href="../concepts/local-persistent-storage.html">
<b>4.8.6.</b>
本地持久化存储
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.9" data-path="../concepts/extension.html">
<a href="../concepts/extension.html">
<b>4.9.</b>
集群扩展
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.9.1" data-path="../concepts/custom-resource.html">
<a href="../concepts/custom-resource.html">
<b>4.9.1.</b>
使用自定义资源扩展 API
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.9.2" data-path="../concepts/crd.html">
<a href="../concepts/crd.html">
<b>4.9.2.</b>
使用 CRD 扩展 Kubernetes API
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.9.3" data-path="../concepts/aggregated-api-server.html">
<a href="../concepts/aggregated-api-server.html">
<b>4.9.3.</b>
Aggregated API Server
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.9.4" data-path="../concepts/apiservice.html">
<a href="../concepts/apiservice.html">
<b>4.9.4.</b>
APIService
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.9.5" data-path="../concepts/service-catalog.html">
<a href="../concepts/service-catalog.html">
<b>4.9.5.</b>
服务目录Service Catalog
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.10" data-path="../concepts/multicluster.html">
<a href="../concepts/multicluster.html">
<b>4.10.</b>
多集群管理
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.10.1" data-path="../concepts/multi-cluster-services-api.html">
<a href="../concepts/multi-cluster-services-api.html">
<b>4.10.1.</b>
多集群服务 APIMulti-Cluster Services API
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.10.2" data-path="federation.html">
<a href="federation.html">
<b>4.10.2.</b>
集群联邦Cluster Federation
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.11" data-path="../concepts/scheduling.html">
<a href="../concepts/scheduling.html">
<b>4.11.</b>
资源调度
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.11.1" data-path="../concepts/qos.html">
<a href="../concepts/qos.html">
<b>4.11.1.</b>
服务质量等级QoS
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="header">用户指南</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.1" data-path="../guide/">
<a href="../guide/">
<b>5.1.</b>
用户指南概览
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.2" data-path="../guide/resource-configuration.html">
<a href="../guide/resource-configuration.html">
<b>5.2.</b>
资源对象配置
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.2.1" data-path="../guide/configure-liveness-readiness-probes.html">
<a href="../guide/configure-liveness-readiness-probes.html">
<b>5.2.1.</b>
配置 Pod 的 liveness 和 readiness 探针
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.2.2" data-path="../guide/configure-pod-service-account.html">
<a href="../guide/configure-pod-service-account.html">
<b>5.2.2.</b>
配置 Pod 的 Service Account
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.2.3" data-path="../guide/secret-configuration.html">
<a href="../guide/secret-configuration.html">
<b>5.2.3.</b>
Secret 配置
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.2.4" data-path="../guide/resource-quota-management.html">
<a href="../guide/resource-quota-management.html">
<b>5.2.4.</b>
管理 namespace 中的资源配额
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.3" data-path="../guide/command-usage.html">
<a href="../guide/command-usage.html">
<b>5.3.</b>
命令使用
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.3.1" data-path="../guide/docker-cli-to-kubectl.html">
<a href="../guide/docker-cli-to-kubectl.html">
<b>5.3.1.</b>
Docker 用户过渡到 kubectl 命令行指南
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.3.2" data-path="../guide/using-kubectl.html">
<a href="../guide/using-kubectl.html">
<b>5.3.2.</b>
kubectl 命令概览
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.3.3" data-path="../guide/kubectl-cheatsheet.html">
<a href="../guide/kubectl-cheatsheet.html">
<b>5.3.3.</b>
kubectl 命令技巧大全
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.3.4" data-path="../guide/using-etcdctl-to-access-kubernetes-data.html">
<a href="../guide/using-etcdctl-to-access-kubernetes-data.html">
<b>5.3.4.</b>
使用 etcdctl 访问 Kubernetes 数据
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.4" data-path="../guide/cluster-security-management.html">
<a href="../guide/cluster-security-management.html">
<b>5.4.</b>
集群安全性管理
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.4.1" data-path="../guide/managing-tls-in-a-cluster.html">
<a href="../guide/managing-tls-in-a-cluster.html">
<b>5.4.1.</b>
管理集群中的 TLS
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.4.2" data-path="../guide/kubelet-authentication-authorization.html">
<a href="../guide/kubelet-authentication-authorization.html">
<b>5.4.2.</b>
kubelet 的认证授权
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.4.3" data-path="../guide/tls-bootstrapping.html">
<a href="../guide/tls-bootstrapping.html">
<b>5.4.3.</b>
TLS Bootstrap
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.4.4" data-path="../guide/kubectl-user-authentication-authorization.html">
<a href="../guide/kubectl-user-authentication-authorization.html">
<b>5.4.4.</b>
创建用户认证授权的 kubeconfig 文件
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.4.5" data-path="../guide/ip-masq-agent.html">
<a href="../guide/ip-masq-agent.html">
<b>5.4.5.</b>
IP 伪装代理
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.4.6" data-path="../guide/auth-with-kubeconfig-or-token.html">
<a href="../guide/auth-with-kubeconfig-or-token.html">
<b>5.4.6.</b>
使用 kubeconfig 或 token 进行用户身份认证
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.4.7" data-path="../guide/authentication.html">
<a href="../guide/authentication.html">
<b>5.4.7.</b>
Kubernetes 中的用户与身份认证授权
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.4.8" data-path="../guide/kubernetes-security-best-practice.html">
<a href="../guide/kubernetes-security-best-practice.html">
<b>5.4.8.</b>
Kubernetes 集群安全性配置最佳实践
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.5" data-path="../guide/access-kubernetes-cluster.html">
<a href="../guide/access-kubernetes-cluster.html">
<b>5.5.</b>
访问 Kubernetes 集群
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.5.1" data-path="../guide/access-cluster.html">
<a href="../guide/access-cluster.html">
<b>5.5.1.</b>
访问集群
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.5.2" data-path="../guide/authenticate-across-clusters-kubeconfig.html">
<a href="../guide/authenticate-across-clusters-kubeconfig.html">
<b>5.5.2.</b>
使用 kubeconfig 文件配置跨集群认证
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.5.3" data-path="../guide/connecting-to-applications-port-forward.html">
<a href="../guide/connecting-to-applications-port-forward.html">
<b>5.5.3.</b>
通过端口转发访问集群中的应用程序
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.5.4" data-path="../guide/service-access-application-cluster.html">
<a href="../guide/service-access-application-cluster.html">
<b>5.5.4.</b>
使用 service 访问群集中的应用程序
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.5.5" data-path="../guide/accessing-kubernetes-pods-from-outside-of-the-cluster.html">
<a href="../guide/accessing-kubernetes-pods-from-outside-of-the-cluster.html">
<b>5.5.5.</b>
从外部访问 Kubernetes 中的 Pod
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.5.6" data-path="../guide/kubernetes-desktop-client.html">
<a href="../guide/kubernetes-desktop-client.html">
<b>5.5.6.</b>
Lens - Kubernetes IDE
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.5.7" data-path="../guide/kubernator-kubernetes-ui.html">
<a href="../guide/kubernator-kubernetes-ui.html">
<b>5.5.7.</b>
Kubernator - 更底层的 Kubernetes UI
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.6" data-path="../guide/application-development-deployment-flow.html">
<a href="../guide/application-development-deployment-flow.html">
<b>5.6.</b>
在 Kubernetes 中开发部署应用
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.6.1" data-path="../guide/deploy-applications-in-kubernetes.html">
<a href="../guide/deploy-applications-in-kubernetes.html">
<b>5.6.1.</b>
适用于 Kubernetes 的应用开发部署流程
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.6.2" data-path="../guide/migrating-hadoop-yarn-to-kubernetes.html">
<a href="../guide/migrating-hadoop-yarn-to-kubernetes.html">
<b>5.6.2.</b>
迁移传统应用到 Kubernetes 中 —— 以 Hadoop YARN 为例
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.6.3" data-path="../guide/using-statefulset.html">
<a href="../guide/using-statefulset.html">
<b>5.6.3.</b>
使用 StatefulSet 部署用状态应用
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="header">最佳实践</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.1" data-path="./">
<a href="./">
<b>6.1.</b>
最佳实践概览
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.2" data-path="install-kubernetes-on-centos.html">
<a href="install-kubernetes-on-centos.html">
<b>6.2.</b>
在 CentOS 上部署 Kubernetes 集群
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter active" data-level="6.2.1" data-path="create-tls-and-secret-key.html">
<a href="create-tls-and-secret-key.html">
<b>6.2.1.</b>
创建 TLS 证书和秘钥
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.2.2" data-path="create-kubeconfig.html">
<a href="create-kubeconfig.html">
<b>6.2.2.</b>
创建 kubeconfig 文件
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.2.3" data-path="etcd-cluster-installation.html">
<a href="etcd-cluster-installation.html">
<b>6.2.3.</b>
创建高可用 etcd 集群
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.2.4" data-path="kubectl-installation.html">
<a href="kubectl-installation.html">
<b>6.2.4.</b>
安装 kubectl 命令行工具
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.2.5" data-path="master-installation.html">
<a href="master-installation.html">
<b>6.2.5.</b>
部署 master 节点
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.2.6" data-path="flannel-installation.html">
<a href="flannel-installation.html">
<b>6.2.6.</b>
安装 flannel 网络插件
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.2.7" data-path="node-installation.html">
<a href="node-installation.html">
<b>6.2.7.</b>
部署 node 节点
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.2.8" data-path="kubedns-addon-installation.html">
<a href="kubedns-addon-installation.html">
<b>6.2.8.</b>
安装 kubedns 插件
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.2.9" data-path="dashboard-addon-installation.html">
<a href="dashboard-addon-installation.html">
<b>6.2.9.</b>
安装 dashboard 插件
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.2.10" data-path="heapster-addon-installation.html">
<a href="heapster-addon-installation.html">
<b>6.2.10.</b>
安装 heapster 插件
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.2.11" data-path="efk-addon-installation.html">
<a href="efk-addon-installation.html">
<b>6.2.11.</b>
安装 EFK 插件
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.3" data-path="install-kubernetes-with-kubeadm.html">
<a href="install-kubernetes-with-kubeadm.html">
<b>6.3.</b>
生产级的 Kubernetes 简化管理工具 kubeadm
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.3.1" data-path="install-kubernetes-on-ubuntu-server-16.04-with-kubeadm.html">
<a href="install-kubernetes-on-ubuntu-server-16.04-with-kubeadm.html">
<b>6.3.1.</b>
使用 kubeadm 在 Ubuntu Server 16.04 上快速构建测试集群
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.4" data-path="service-discovery-and-loadbalancing.html">
<a href="service-discovery-and-loadbalancing.html">
<b>6.4.</b>
服务发现与负载均衡
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.4.1" data-path="traefik-ingress-installation.html">
<a href="traefik-ingress-installation.html">
<b>6.4.1.</b>
安装 Traefik ingress
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.4.2" data-path="distributed-load-test.html">
<a href="distributed-load-test.html">
<b>6.4.2.</b>
分布式负载测试
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.4.3" data-path="network-and-cluster-perfermance-test.html">
<a href="network-and-cluster-perfermance-test.html">
<b>6.4.3.</b>
网络和集群性能测试
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.4.4" data-path="edge-node-configuration.html">
<a href="edge-node-configuration.html">
<b>6.4.4.</b>
边缘节点配置
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.4.5" data-path="nginx-ingress-installation.html">
<a href="nginx-ingress-installation.html">
<b>6.4.5.</b>
安装 Nginx ingress
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.4.6" data-path="dns-installation.html">
<a href="dns-installation.html">
<b>6.4.6.</b>
安装配置 DNS
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.4.6.1" data-path="configuring-dns.html">
<a href="configuring-dns.html">
<b>6.4.6.1.</b>
安装配置 Kube-dns
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.4.6.2" data-path="coredns.html">
<a href="coredns.html">
<b>6.4.6.2.</b>
安装配置 CoreDNS
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.5" data-path="operation.html">
<a href="operation.html">
<b>6.5.</b>
运维管理
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.5.1" data-path="master-ha.html">
<a href="master-ha.html">
<b>6.5.1.</b>
Master 节点高可用
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.5.2" data-path="service-rolling-update.html">
<a href="service-rolling-update.html">
<b>6.5.2.</b>
服务滚动升级
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.5.3" data-path="app-log-collection.html">
<a href="app-log-collection.html">
<b>6.5.3.</b>
应用日志收集
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.5.4" data-path="configuration-best-practice.html">
<a href="configuration-best-practice.html">
<b>6.5.4.</b>
配置最佳实践
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.5.5" data-path="monitor.html">
<a href="monitor.html">
<b>6.5.5.</b>
集群及应用监控
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.5.6" data-path="data-persistence-problem.html">
<a href="data-persistence-problem.html">
<b>6.5.6.</b>
数据持久化问题
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.5.7" data-path="manage-compute-resources-container.html">
<a href="manage-compute-resources-container.html">
<b>6.5.7.</b>
管理容器的计算资源
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.6" data-path="storage.html">
<a href="storage.html">
<b>6.6.</b>
存储管理
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.6.1" data-path="glusterfs.html">
<a href="glusterfs.html">
<b>6.6.1.</b>
GlusterFS
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.6.1.1" data-path="using-glusterfs-for-persistent-storage.html">
<a href="using-glusterfs-for-persistent-storage.html">
<b>6.6.1.1.</b>
使用 GlusterFS 做持久化存储
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.6.1.2" data-path="using-heketi-gluster-for-persistent-storage.html">
<a href="using-heketi-gluster-for-persistent-storage.html">
<b>6.6.1.2.</b>
使用 Heketi 作为 Kubernetes 的持久存储 GlusterFS 的 external provisioner
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.6.1.3" data-path="storage-for-containers-using-glusterfs-with-openshift.html">
<a href="storage-for-containers-using-glusterfs-with-openshift.html">
<b>6.6.1.3.</b>
在 OpenShift 中使用 GlusterFS 做持久化存储
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.6.2" data-path="glusterd-2.0.html">
<a href="glusterd-2.0.html">
<b>6.6.2.</b>
GlusterD-2.0
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.6.3" data-path="ceph.html">
<a href="ceph.html">
<b>6.6.3.</b>
Ceph
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.6.3.1" data-path="ceph-helm-install-guide-zh.html">
<a href="ceph-helm-install-guide-zh.html">
<b>6.6.3.1.</b>
用 Helm 托管安装 Ceph 集群并提供后端存储
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.6.3.2" data-path="using-ceph-for-persistent-storage.html">
<a href="using-ceph-for-persistent-storage.html">
<b>6.6.3.2.</b>
使用 Ceph 做持久化存储
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.6.3.3" data-path="rbd-provisioner.html">
<a href="rbd-provisioner.html">
<b>6.6.3.3.</b>
使用 rbd-provisioner 提供 rbd 持久化存储
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.6.4" data-path="openebs.html">
<a href="openebs.html">
<b>6.6.4.</b>
OpenEBS
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.6.4.1" data-path="using-openebs-for-persistent-storage.html">
<a href="using-openebs-for-persistent-storage.html">
<b>6.6.4.1.</b>
使用 OpenEBS 做持久化存储
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.6.5" data-path="rook.html">
<a href="rook.html">
<b>6.6.5.</b>
Rook
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.6.6" data-path="nfs.html">
<a href="nfs.html">
<b>6.6.6.</b>
NFS
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.6.6.1" data-path="using-nfs-for-persistent-storage.html">
<a href="using-nfs-for-persistent-storage.html">
<b>6.6.6.1.</b>
利用 NFS 动态提供 Kubernetes 后端存储卷
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.7" data-path="monitoring.html">
<a href="monitoring.html">
<b>6.7.</b>
集群与应用监控
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.7.1" data-path="heapster.html">
<a href="heapster.html">
<b>6.7.1.</b>
Heapster
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.7.1.1" data-path="using-heapster-to-get-object-metrics.html">
<a href="using-heapster-to-get-object-metrics.html">
<b>6.7.1.1.</b>
使用 Heapster 获取集群和对象的 metric 数据
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.7.2" data-path="prometheus.html">
<a href="prometheus.html">
<b>6.7.2.</b>
Prometheus
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.7.2.1" data-path="using-prometheus-to-monitor-kuberentes-cluster.html">
<a href="using-prometheus-to-monitor-kuberentes-cluster.html">
<b>6.7.2.1.</b>
使用 Prometheus 监控 Kubernetes 集群
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.7.2.2" data-path="promql.html">
<a href="promql.html">
<b>6.7.2.2.</b>
Prometheus 查询语言 PromQL 使用说明
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.8" data-path="distributed-tracing.html">
<a href="distributed-tracing.html">
<b>6.8.</b>
分布式追踪
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.8.1" data-path="opentracing.html">
<a href="opentracing.html">
<b>6.8.1.</b>
OpenTracing
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.9" data-path="services-management-tool.html">
<a href="services-management-tool.html">
<b>6.9.</b>
服务编排管理
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.9.1" data-path="helm.html">
<a href="helm.html">
<b>6.9.1.</b>
使用 Helm 管理 Kubernetes 应用
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.9.2" data-path="create-private-charts-repo.html">
<a href="create-private-charts-repo.html">
<b>6.9.2.</b>
构建私有 Chart 仓库
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.10" data-path="ci-cd.html">
<a href="ci-cd.html">
<b>6.10.</b>
持续集成与发布CI/CD
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.10.1" data-path="jenkins-ci-cd.html">
<a href="jenkins-ci-cd.html">
<b>6.10.1.</b>
使用 Jenkins 进行持续集成与发布
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.10.2" data-path="drone-ci-cd.html">
<a href="drone-ci-cd.html">
<b>6.10.2.</b>
使用 Drone 进行持续集成与发布
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.11" data-path="update-and-upgrade.html">
<a href="update-and-upgrade.html">
<b>6.11.</b>
更新与升级
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.11.1" data-path="manually-upgrade.html">
<a href="manually-upgrade.html">
<b>6.11.1.</b>
手动升级 Kubernetes 集群
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.11.2" data-path="dashboard-upgrade.html">
<a href="dashboard-upgrade.html">
<b>6.11.2.</b>
升级 dashboard
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.12" data-path="controller-extended.html">
<a href="controller-extended.html">
<b>6.12.</b>
扩展控制器
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.12.1" data-path="openkruise.html">
<a href="openkruise.html">
<b>6.12.1.</b>
OpenKruise
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.12.1.1" data-path="in-place-update.html">
<a href="in-place-update.html">
<b>6.12.1.1.</b>
原地升级
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.13" data-path="security-policy.html">
<a href="security-policy.html">
<b>6.13.</b>
安全策略
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.13.1" data-path="open-policy-agent.html">
<a href="open-policy-agent.html">
<b>6.13.1.</b>
开放策略代理OPA
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.13.2" data-path="cloud-native-security.html">
<a href="cloud-native-security.html">
<b>6.13.2.</b>
云原生安全
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="header">服务网格</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.1" data-path="../usecases/service-mesh.html">
<a href="../usecases/service-mesh.html">
<b>7.1.</b>
服务网格Service Mesh
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.2" data-path="../usecases/the-enterprise-path-to-service-mesh-architectures.html">
<a href="../usecases/the-enterprise-path-to-service-mesh-architectures.html">
<b>7.2.</b>
企业级服务网格架构
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.2.1" data-path="../usecases/service-mesh-fundamental.html">
<a href="../usecases/service-mesh-fundamental.html">
<b>7.2.1.</b>
服务网格基础
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.2.2" data-path="../usecases/comparing-service-mesh-technologies.html">
<a href="../usecases/comparing-service-mesh-technologies.html">
<b>7.2.2.</b>
服务网格技术对比
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.2.3" data-path="../usecases/service-mesh-vs-api-gateway.html">
<a href="../usecases/service-mesh-vs-api-gateway.html">
<b>7.2.3.</b>
服务网格对比 API 网关
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.2.4" data-path="../usecases/service-mesh-adoption-and-evolution.html">
<a href="../usecases/service-mesh-adoption-and-evolution.html">
<b>7.2.4.</b>
采纳和演进
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.2.5" data-path="../usecases/service-mesh-customization-and-integration.html">
<a href="../usecases/service-mesh-customization-and-integration.html">
<b>7.2.5.</b>
定制和集成
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.2.6" data-path="../usecases/service-mesh-conclusion.html">
<a href="../usecases/service-mesh-conclusion.html">
<b>7.2.6.</b>
总结
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.3" data-path="../usecases/istio.html">
<a href="../usecases/istio.html">
<b>7.3.</b>
Istio
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.3.1" data-path="../usecases/before-using-istio.html">
<a href="../usecases/before-using-istio.html">
<b>7.3.1.</b>
使用 Istio 前需要考虑的问题
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.3.2" data-path="../usecases/sidecar-spec-in-istio.html">
<a href="../usecases/sidecar-spec-in-istio.html">
<b>7.3.2.</b>
Istio 中 sidecar 的注入规范及示例
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.3.3" data-path="../usecases/istio-community-tips.html">
<a href="../usecases/istio-community-tips.html">
<b>7.3.3.</b>
如何参与 Istio 社区及注意事项
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.3.4" data-path="../usecases/istio-tutorials-collection.html">
<a href="../usecases/istio-tutorials-collection.html">
<b>7.3.4.</b>
Istio 免费学习资源汇总
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.3.5" data-path="../usecases/understand-sidecar-injection-and-traffic-hijack-in-istio-service-mesh.html">
<a href="../usecases/understand-sidecar-injection-and-traffic-hijack-in-istio-service-mesh.html">
<b>7.3.5.</b>
Sidecar 的注入与流量劫持
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.3.6" data-path="../usecases/envoy-sidecar-routing-of-istio-service-mesh-deep-dive.html">
<a href="../usecases/envoy-sidecar-routing-of-istio-service-mesh-deep-dive.html">
<b>7.3.6.</b>
Envoy Sidecar 代理的路由转发
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.3.7" data-path="../usecases/how-to-integrate-istio-with-vm.html">
<a href="../usecases/how-to-integrate-istio-with-vm.html">
<b>7.3.7.</b>
Istio 如何支持虚拟机
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.3.8" data-path="../usecases/istio-vm-support.html">
<a href="../usecases/istio-vm-support.html">
<b>7.3.8.</b>
Istio 支持虚拟机的历史
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.4" data-path="../usecases/envoy.html">
<a href="../usecases/envoy.html">
<b>7.4.</b>
Envoy
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.4.1" data-path="../usecases/envoy-terminology.html">
<a href="../usecases/envoy-terminology.html">
<b>7.4.1.</b>
Envoy 的架构与基本术语
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.4.2" data-path="../usecases/envoy-front-proxy.html">
<a href="../usecases/envoy-front-proxy.html">
<b>7.4.2.</b>
Envoy 作为前端代理
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.4.3" data-path="../usecases/envoy-mesh-in-kubernetes-tutorial.html">
<a href="../usecases/envoy-mesh-in-kubernetes-tutorial.html">
<b>7.4.3.</b>
Envoy mesh 教程
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="header">领域应用</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.1" data-path="../usecases/">
<a href="../usecases/">
<b>8.1.</b>
领域应用概览
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.2" data-path="../usecases/microservices.html">
<a href="../usecases/microservices.html">
<b>8.2.</b>
微服务架构
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.2.1" data-path="../usecases/service-discovery-in-microservices.html">
<a href="../usecases/service-discovery-in-microservices.html">
<b>8.2.1.</b>
微服务中的服务发现
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.2.2" data-path="../usecases/microservices-for-java-developers.html">
<a href="../usecases/microservices-for-java-developers.html">
<b>8.2.2.</b>
使用 Java 构建微服务并发布到 Kubernetes 平台
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.2.2.1" data-path="../usecases/spring-boot-quick-start-guide.html">
<a href="../usecases/spring-boot-quick-start-guide.html">
<b>8.2.2.1.</b>
Spring Boot 快速开始指南
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.3" data-path="../usecases/big-data.html">
<a href="../usecases/big-data.html">
<b>8.3.</b>
大数据
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.3.1" data-path="../usecases/spark-on-kubernetes.html">
<a href="../usecases/spark-on-kubernetes.html">
<b>8.3.1.</b>
Spark 与 Kubernetes
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.3.1.1" data-path="../usecases/spark-standalone-on-kubernetes.html">
<a href="../usecases/spark-standalone-on-kubernetes.html">
<b>8.3.1.1.</b>
Spark standalone on Kubernetes
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.3.1.2" data-path="../usecases/running-spark-with-kubernetes-native-scheduler.html">
<a href="../usecases/running-spark-with-kubernetes-native-scheduler.html">
<b>8.3.1.2.</b>
运行支持 Kubernetes 原生调度的 Spark 程序
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.4" data-path="../usecases/serverless.html">
<a href="../usecases/serverless.html">
<b>8.4.</b>
Serverless 架构
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.4.1" data-path="../usecases/understanding-serverless.html">
<a href="../usecases/understanding-serverless.html">
<b>8.4.1.</b>
理解 Serverless
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.4.2" data-path="../usecases/faas.html">
<a href="../usecases/faas.html">
<b>8.4.2.</b>
FaaS函数即服务
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.4.2.1" data-path="../usecases/openfaas-quick-start.html">
<a href="../usecases/openfaas-quick-start.html">
<b>8.4.2.1.</b>
OpenFaaS 快速入门指南
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.4.3" data-path="../usecases/knative.html">
<a href="../usecases/knative.html">
<b>8.4.3.</b>
Knative
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.5" data-path="../usecases/edge-computing.html">
<a href="../usecases/edge-computing.html">
<b>8.5.</b>
边缘计算
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.6" data-path="../usecases/ai.html">
<a href="../usecases/ai.html">
<b>8.6.</b>
人工智能
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.7" data-path="../usecases/observability.html">
<a href="../usecases/observability.html">
<b>8.7.</b>
可观察性
</a>
</li>
<li class="header">开发指南</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.1" data-path="../develop/">
<a href="../develop/">
<b>9.1.</b>
开发指南概览
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.2" data-path="../develop/sigs-and-working-group.html">
<a href="../develop/sigs-and-working-group.html">
<b>9.2.</b>
SIG 和工作组
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.3" data-path="../develop/developing-environment.html">
<a href="../develop/developing-environment.html">
<b>9.3.</b>
开发环境搭建
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.3.1" data-path="../develop/using-vagrant-and-virtualbox-for-development.html">
<a href="../develop/using-vagrant-and-virtualbox-for-development.html">
<b>9.3.1.</b>
本地分布式开发环境搭建(使用 Vagrant 和 Virtualbox
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.4" data-path="../develop/testing.html">
<a href="../develop/testing.html">
<b>9.4.</b>
单元测试和集成测试
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.5" data-path="../develop/client-go-sample.html">
<a href="../develop/client-go-sample.html">
<b>9.5.</b>
client-go 示例
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.5.1" data-path="../develop/client-go-informer-sourcecode-analyse.html">
<a href="../develop/client-go-informer-sourcecode-analyse.html">
<b>9.5.1.</b>
client-go 中的 informer 源码分析
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.6" data-path="../develop/operator.html">
<a href="../develop/operator.html">
<b>9.6.</b>
Operator
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.6.1" data-path="../develop/operator-sdk.html">
<a href="../develop/operator-sdk.html">
<b>9.6.1.</b>
operator-sdk
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.7" data-path="../develop/kubebuilder.html">
<a href="../develop/kubebuilder.html">
<b>9.7.</b>
kubebuilder
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.7.1" data-path="../develop/kubebuilder-example.html">
<a href="../develop/kubebuilder-example.html">
<b>9.7.1.</b>
使用 kubebuilder 创建 operator 示例
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.8" data-path="../develop/advance-developer.html">
<a href="../develop/advance-developer.html">
<b>9.8.</b>
高级开发指南
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.9" data-path="../develop/contribute.html">
<a href="../develop/contribute.html">
<b>9.9.</b>
社区贡献
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.10" data-path="../develop/minikube.html">
<a href="../develop/minikube.html">
<b>9.10.</b>
Minikube
</a>
</li>
<li class="header">社区及生态</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.1" data-path="../cloud-native/cncf.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/cncf.html">
<b>10.1.</b>
云原生计算基金会CNCF
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.1.1" data-path="../cloud-native/cncf-charter.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/cncf-charter.html">
<b>10.1.1.</b>
CNCF 章程
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.1.2" data-path="../cloud-native/cncf-sig.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/cncf-sig.html">
<b>10.1.2.</b>
CNCF 特别兴趣小组SIG说明
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.1.3" data-path="../cloud-native/cncf-sandbox-criteria.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/cncf-sandbox-criteria.html">
<b>10.1.3.</b>
开源项目加入 CNCF Sandbox 的要求
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.1.4" data-path="../cloud-native/cncf-project-governing.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/cncf-project-governing.html">
<b>10.1.4.</b>
CNCF 中的项目治理
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.1.5" data-path="../cloud-native/cncf-ambassador.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/cncf-ambassador.html">
<b>10.1.5.</b>
CNCF Ambassador
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.2" data-path="../cloud-native/certification.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/certification.html">
<b>10.2.</b>
认证及培训
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.2.1" data-path="../appendix/about-kcsp.html">
<a href="../appendix/about-kcsp.html">
<b>10.2.1.</b>
认证 Kubernetes 服务提供商KCSP说明
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.2.2" data-path="../appendix/about-cka-candidate.html">
<a href="../appendix/about-cka-candidate.html">
<b>10.2.2.</b>
认证 Kubernetes 管理员CKA说明
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="header">附录</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.1" data-path="../appendix/">
<a href="../appendix/">
<b>11.1.</b>
附录说明
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.2" data-path="../appendix/debug-kubernetes-services.html">
<a href="../appendix/debug-kubernetes-services.html">
<b>11.2.</b>
Kubernetes 中的应用故障排查
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.3" data-path="../appendix/material-share.html">
<a href="../appendix/material-share.html">
<b>11.3.</b>
Kubernetes 参考资源
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.4" data-path="../appendix/tricks.html">
<a href="../appendix/tricks.html">
<b>11.4.</b>
Kubernetes 使用技巧
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.5" data-path="../appendix/issues.html">
<a href="../appendix/issues.html">
<b>11.5.</b>
Kubernetes 相关问题记录
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.6" data-path="../appendix/summary-and-outlook.html">
<a href="../appendix/summary-and-outlook.html">
<b>11.6.</b>
Kubernetes 及云原生年度总结及展望
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.6.1" data-path="../appendix/kubernetes-and-cloud-native-summary-in-2017-and-outlook-for-2018.html">
<a href="../appendix/kubernetes-and-cloud-native-summary-in-2017-and-outlook-for-2018.html">
<b>11.6.1.</b>
Kubernetes 与云原生 2017 年年终总结及 2018 年展望
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.6.2" data-path="../appendix/kubernetes-and-cloud-native-summary-in-2018-and-outlook-for-2019.html">
<a href="../appendix/kubernetes-and-cloud-native-summary-in-2018-and-outlook-for-2019.html">
<b>11.6.2.</b>
Kubernetes 与云原生 2018 年年终总结及 2019 年展望
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.7" data-path="../appendix/cncf-annual-report.html">
<a href="../appendix/cncf-annual-report.html">
<b>11.7.</b>
CNCF 年度报告解读
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.7.1" data-path="../appendix/cncf-annual-report-2018.html">
<a href="../appendix/cncf-annual-report-2018.html">
<b>11.7.1.</b>
CNCF 2018 年年度报告解读
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.7.2" data-path="../appendix/cncf-annual-report-2020.html">
<a href="../appendix/cncf-annual-report-2020.html">
<b>11.7.2.</b>
CNCF 2020 年年度报告解读
</a>
</li>
</ul>
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<h1 id="&#x521B;&#x5EFA;-tls-&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x548C;&#x79D8;&#x94A5;">&#x521B;&#x5EFA; TLS &#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x548C;&#x79D8;&#x94A5;</h1>
<p>&#x6267;&#x884C;&#x4E0B;&#x5217;&#x6B65;&#x9AA4;&#x524D;&#x5EFA;&#x8BAE;&#x4F60;&#x5148;&#x9605;&#x8BFB;&#x4EE5;&#x4E0B;&#x5185;&#x5BB9;&#xFF1A;</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="../guide/managing-tls-in-a-cluster.html">&#x7BA1;&#x7406;&#x96C6;&#x7FA4;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;TLS</a>&#xFF1A;&#x6559;&#x60A8;&#x5982;&#x4F55;&#x521B;&#x5EFA;TLS&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;</li>
<li><a href="../guide/kubelet-authentication-authorization.html">kubelet&#x7684;&#x8BA4;&#x8BC1;&#x6388;&#x6743;</a>&#xFF1A;&#x5411;&#x60A8;&#x63CF;&#x8FF0;&#x5982;&#x4F55;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x8BA4;&#x8BC1;&#x6388;&#x6743;&#x6765;&#x8BBF;&#x95EE; kubelet &#x7684; HTTPS &#x7AEF;&#x70B9;&#x3002;</li>
<li><a href="../guide/tls-bootstrapping.html">TLS bootstrap</a>&#xFF1A;&#x4ECB;&#x7ECD;&#x5982;&#x4F55;&#x4E3A; kubelet &#x8BBE;&#x7F6E; TLS &#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x5F15;&#x5BFC;&#xFF08;bootstrap&#xFF09;&#x3002;</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>&#x6CE8;&#x610F;</strong>&#xFF1A;&#x8FD9;&#x4E00;&#x6B65;&#x662F;&#x5728;&#x5B89;&#x88C5;&#x914D;&#x7F6E; kubernetes &#x7684;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x6B65;&#x9AA4;&#x4E2D;&#x6700;&#x5BB9;&#x6613;&#x51FA;&#x9519;&#x4E5F;&#x6700;&#x96BE;&#x4E8E;&#x6392;&#x67E5;&#x95EE;&#x9898;&#x7684;&#x4E00;&#x6B65;&#xFF0C;&#x800C;&#x8FD9;&#x5374;&#x521A;&#x597D;&#x662F;&#x7B2C;&#x4E00;&#x6B65;&#xFF0C;&#x4E07;&#x4E8B;&#x5F00;&#x5934;&#x96BE;&#xFF0C;&#x4E0D;&#x8981;&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;&#x8FD9;&#x70B9;&#x56F0;&#x96BE;&#x5C31;&#x671B;&#x800C;&#x5374;&#x6B65;&#x3002;</p>
<p><strong>&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x60A8;&#x8DB3;&#x591F;&#x6709;&#x4FE1;&#x5FC3;&#x5728;&#x5B8C;&#x5168;&#x4E0D;&#x4E86;&#x89E3;&#x81EA;&#x5DF1;&#x5728;&#x505A;&#x4EC0;&#x4E48;&#x7684;&#x60C5;&#x51B5;&#x4E0B;&#x80FD;&#x591F;&#x6210;&#x529F;&#x5730;&#x5B8C;&#x6210;&#x4E86;&#x8FD9;&#x4E00;&#x6B65;&#x7684;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#xFF0C;&#x90A3;&#x4E48;&#x60A8;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5C3D;&#x7BA1;&#x8DF3;&#x8FC7;&#x4E0A;&#x9762;&#x7684;&#x51E0;&#x7BC7;&#x6587;&#x7AE0;&#x76F4;&#x63A5;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x4E0B;&#x9762;&#x7684;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x3002;</strong></p>
<p><code>kubernetes</code> &#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x7684;&#x5404;&#x7EC4;&#x4EF6;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x4F7F;&#x7528; <code>TLS</code> &#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x5BF9;&#x901A;&#x4FE1;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x52A0;&#x5BC6;&#xFF0C;&#x672C;&#x6587;&#x6863;&#x4F7F;&#x7528; <code>CloudFlare</code> &#x7684; PKI &#x5DE5;&#x5177;&#x96C6; <a href="https://github.com/cloudflare/cfssl" target="_blank">cfssl</a> &#x6765;&#x751F;&#x6210; Certificate Authority (CA) &#x548C;&#x5176;&#x5B83;&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#xFF1B;</p>
<p><strong>&#x751F;&#x6210;&#x7684; CA &#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x548C;&#x79D8;&#x94A5;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x5982;&#x4E0B;&#xFF1A;</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>ca-key.pem</li>
<li>ca.pem</li>
<li>kubernetes-key.pem</li>
<li>kubernetes.pem</li>
<li>kube-proxy.pem</li>
<li>kube-proxy-key.pem</li>
<li>admin.pem</li>
<li>admin-key.pem</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x7684;&#x7EC4;&#x4EF6;&#x5982;&#x4E0B;&#xFF1A;</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>etcd&#xFF1A;&#x4F7F;&#x7528; ca.pem&#x3001;kubernetes-key.pem&#x3001;kubernetes.pem&#xFF1B;</li>
<li>kube-apiserver&#xFF1A;&#x4F7F;&#x7528; ca.pem&#x3001;kubernetes-key.pem&#x3001;kubernetes.pem&#xFF1B;</li>
<li>kubelet&#xFF1A;&#x4F7F;&#x7528; ca.pem&#xFF1B;</li>
<li>kube-proxy&#xFF1A;&#x4F7F;&#x7528; ca.pem&#x3001;kube-proxy-key.pem&#x3001;kube-proxy.pem&#xFF1B;</li>
<li>kubectl&#xFF1A;&#x4F7F;&#x7528; ca.pem&#x3001;admin-key.pem&#x3001;admin.pem&#xFF1B;</li>
<li>kube-controller-manager&#xFF1A;&#x4F7F;&#x7528; ca-key.pem&#x3001;ca.pem</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>&#x6CE8;&#x610F;&#xFF1A;&#x4EE5;&#x4E0B;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x90FD;&#x5728; master &#x8282;&#x70B9;&#x5373; 172.20.0.113 &#x8FD9;&#x53F0;&#x4E3B;&#x673A;&#x4E0A;&#x6267;&#x884C;&#xFF0C;&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x53EA;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#x4E00;&#x6B21;&#x5373;&#x53EF;&#xFF0C;&#x4EE5;&#x540E;&#x5728;&#x5411;&#x96C6;&#x7FA4;&#x4E2D;&#x6DFB;&#x52A0;&#x65B0;&#x8282;&#x70B9;&#x65F6;&#x53EA;&#x8981;&#x5C06; /etc/kubernetes/ &#x76EE;&#x5F55;&#x4E0B;&#x7684;&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x62F7;&#x8D1D;&#x5230;&#x65B0;&#x8282;&#x70B9;&#x4E0A;&#x5373;&#x53EF;&#x3002;</strong></p>
<h2 id="&#x5B89;&#x88C5;-cfssl">&#x5B89;&#x88C5; <code>CFSSL</code></h2>
<p><strong>&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;&#x4E00;&#xFF1A;&#x76F4;&#x63A5;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x4E8C;&#x8FDB;&#x5236;&#x6E90;&#x7801;&#x5305;&#x5B89;&#x88C5;</strong></p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-bash"><span class="token function">wget</span> https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl_linux-amd64
<span class="token function">chmod</span> +x cfssl_linux-amd64
<span class="token function">mv</span> cfssl_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssl
<span class="token function">wget</span> https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssljson_linux-amd64
<span class="token function">chmod</span> +x cfssljson_linux-amd64
<span class="token function">mv</span> cfssljson_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssljson
<span class="token function">wget</span> https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
<span class="token function">chmod</span> +x cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
<span class="token function">mv</span> cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssl-certinfo
<span class="token builtin class-name">export</span> <span class="token assign-left variable"><span class="token environment constant">PATH</span></span><span class="token operator">=</span>/usr/local/bin:<span class="token environment constant">$PATH</span>
</code></pre>
<p><strong>&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;&#x4E8C;&#xFF1A;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;go&#x547D;&#x4EE4;&#x5B89;&#x88C5;</strong></p>
<p>&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x7684;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x4E2D;&#x5B89;&#x88C5;&#x4E86;Go1.7.5&#xFF0C;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x4EE5;&#x4E0B;&#x547D;&#x4EE4;&#x5B89;&#x88C5;&#x66F4;&#x5FEB;&#x6377;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-bash">$ go get -u github.com/cloudflare/cfssl/cmd/<span class="token punctuation">..</span>.
$ <span class="token builtin class-name">echo</span> <span class="token variable">$GOPATH</span>
/usr/local
<span class="token variable">$ls</span> /usr/local/bin/cfssl*
cfssl cfssl-bundle cfssl-certinfo cfssljson cfssl-newkey cfssl-scan
</code></pre>
<p>&#x5728;<code>$GOPATH/bin</code>&#x76EE;&#x5F55;&#x4E0B;&#x5F97;&#x5230;&#x4EE5;cfssl&#x5F00;&#x5934;&#x7684;&#x51E0;&#x4E2A;&#x547D;&#x4EE4;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x6CE8;&#x610F;&#xFF1A;&#x4EE5;&#x4E0B;&#x6587;&#x7AE0;&#x4E2D;&#x51FA;&#x73B0;&#x7684;cat&#x7684;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x540D;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x4E0D;&#x5B58;&#x5728;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x624B;&#x5DE5;&#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#x3002;</p>
<h2 id="&#x521B;&#x5EFA;-ca-certificate-authority">&#x521B;&#x5EFA; CA (Certificate Authority)</h2>
<p><strong>&#x521B;&#x5EFA; CA &#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;</strong></p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-bash"><span class="token function">mkdir</span> /root/ssl
<span class="token builtin class-name">cd</span> /root/ssl
cfssl print-defaults config <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> config.json
cfssl print-defaults csr <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> csr.json
<span class="token comment"># &#x6839;&#x636E;config.json&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x7684;&#x683C;&#x5F0F;&#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#x5982;&#x4E0B;&#x7684;ca-config.json&#x6587;&#x4EF6;</span>
<span class="token comment"># &#x8FC7;&#x671F;&#x65F6;&#x95F4;&#x8BBE;&#x7F6E;&#x6210;&#x4E86; 87600h</span>
<span class="token function">cat</span> <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> ca-config.json <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span><span class="token string">EOF
{
&quot;signing&quot;: {
&quot;default&quot;: {
&quot;expiry&quot;: &quot;87600h&quot;
},
&quot;profiles&quot;: {
&quot;kubernetes&quot;: {
&quot;usages&quot;: [
&quot;signing&quot;,
&quot;key encipherment&quot;,
&quot;server auth&quot;,
&quot;client auth&quot;
],
&quot;expiry&quot;: &quot;87600h&quot;
}
}
}
}
EOF</span>
</code></pre>
<p>&#x5B57;&#x6BB5;&#x8BF4;&#x660E;</p>
<ul>
<li><code>ca-config.json</code>&#xFF1A;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;&#x591A;&#x4E2A; profiles&#xFF0C;&#x5206;&#x522B;&#x6307;&#x5B9A;&#x4E0D;&#x540C;&#x7684;&#x8FC7;&#x671F;&#x65F6;&#x95F4;&#x3001;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x573A;&#x666F;&#x7B49;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#xFF1B;&#x540E;&#x7EED;&#x5728;&#x7B7E;&#x540D;&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x65F6;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x67D0;&#x4E2A; profile&#xFF1B;</li>
<li><code>signing</code>&#xFF1A;&#x8868;&#x793A;&#x8BE5;&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x53EF;&#x7528;&#x4E8E;&#x7B7E;&#x540D;&#x5176;&#x5B83;&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#xFF1B;&#x751F;&#x6210;&#x7684; ca.pem &#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x4E2D; <code>CA=TRUE</code>&#xFF1B;</li>
<li><code>server auth</code>&#xFF1A;&#x8868;&#x793A;client&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x7528;&#x8BE5; CA &#x5BF9;server&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x7684;&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x9A8C;&#x8BC1;&#xFF1B;</li>
<li><code>client auth</code>&#xFF1A;&#x8868;&#x793A;server&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x7528;&#x8BE5;CA&#x5BF9;client&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x7684;&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x9A8C;&#x8BC1;&#xFF1B;</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>&#x521B;&#x5EFA; CA &#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x7B7E;&#x540D;&#x8BF7;&#x6C42;</strong></p>
<p>&#x521B;&#x5EFA; <code>ca-csr.json</code> &#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#xFF0C;&#x5185;&#x5BB9;&#x5982;&#x4E0B;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-json"><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token property">&quot;CN&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;kubernetes&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token property">&quot;key&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token property">&quot;algo&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;rsa&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token property">&quot;size&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">2048</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token property">&quot;names&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token property">&quot;C&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;CN&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token property">&quot;ST&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;BeiJing&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token property">&quot;L&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;BeiJing&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token property">&quot;O&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;k8s&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token property">&quot;OU&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;System&quot;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token property">&quot;ca&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token property">&quot;expiry&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;87600h&quot;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>&quot;CN&quot;&#xFF1A;<code>Common Name</code>&#xFF0C;kube-apiserver &#x4ECE;&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x4E2D;&#x63D0;&#x53D6;&#x8BE5;&#x5B57;&#x6BB5;&#x4F5C;&#x4E3A;&#x8BF7;&#x6C42;&#x7684;&#x7528;&#x6237;&#x540D; (User Name)&#xFF1B;&#x6D4F;&#x89C8;&#x5668;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x8BE5;&#x5B57;&#x6BB5;&#x9A8C;&#x8BC1;&#x7F51;&#x7AD9;&#x662F;&#x5426;&#x5408;&#x6CD5;&#xFF1B;</li>
<li>&quot;O&quot;&#xFF1A;<code>Organization</code>&#xFF0C;kube-apiserver &#x4ECE;&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x4E2D;&#x63D0;&#x53D6;&#x8BE5;&#x5B57;&#x6BB5;&#x4F5C;&#x4E3A;&#x8BF7;&#x6C42;&#x7528;&#x6237;&#x6240;&#x5C5E;&#x7684;&#x7EC4; (Group)&#xFF1B;</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>&#x751F;&#x6210; CA &#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x548C;&#x79C1;&#x94A5;</strong></p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-bash">$ cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json <span class="token operator">|</span> cfssljson -bare ca
$ <span class="token function">ls</span> ca*
ca-config.json ca.csr ca-csr.json ca-key.pem ca.pem
</code></pre>
<h2 id="&#x521B;&#x5EFA;-kubernetes-&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;">&#x521B;&#x5EFA; kubernetes &#x8BC1;&#x4E66;</h2>
<p>&#x521B;&#x5EFA; kubernetes &#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x7B7E;&#x540D;&#x8BF7;&#x6C42;&#x6587;&#x4EF6; <code>kubernetes-csr.json</code>&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-json"><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token property">&quot;CN&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;kubernetes&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token property">&quot;hosts&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token string">&quot;127.0.0.1&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token string">&quot;172.20.0.112&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token string">&quot;172.20.0.113&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token string">&quot;172.20.0.114&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token string">&quot;172.20.0.115&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token string">&quot;10.254.0.1&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token string">&quot;kubernetes&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token string">&quot;kubernetes.default&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token string">&quot;kubernetes.default.svc&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token string">&quot;kubernetes.default.svc.cluster&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token string">&quot;kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local&quot;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token property">&quot;key&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token property">&quot;algo&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;rsa&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token property">&quot;size&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">2048</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token property">&quot;names&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token property">&quot;C&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;CN&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token property">&quot;ST&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;BeiJing&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token property">&quot;L&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;BeiJing&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token property">&quot;O&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;k8s&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token property">&quot;OU&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;System&quot;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>&#x5982;&#x679C; hosts &#x5B57;&#x6BB5;&#x4E0D;&#x4E3A;&#x7A7A;&#x5219;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x6307;&#x5B9A;&#x6388;&#x6743;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x8BE5;&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x7684; <strong>IP &#x6216;&#x57DF;&#x540D;&#x5217;&#x8868;</strong>&#xFF0C;&#x7531;&#x4E8E;&#x8BE5;&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x540E;&#x7EED;&#x88AB; <code>etcd</code> &#x96C6;&#x7FA4;&#x548C; <code>kubernetes master</code> &#x96C6;&#x7FA4;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#xFF0C;&#x6240;&#x4EE5;&#x4E0A;&#x9762;&#x5206;&#x522B;&#x6307;&#x5B9A;&#x4E86; <code>etcd</code> &#x96C6;&#x7FA4;&#x3001;<code>kubernetes master</code> &#x96C6;&#x7FA4;&#x7684;&#x4E3B;&#x673A; IP &#x548C; <strong><code>kubernetes</code> &#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x7684;&#x670D;&#x52A1; IP</strong>&#xFF08;&#x4E00;&#x822C;&#x662F; <code>kube-apiserver</code> &#x6307;&#x5B9A;&#x7684; <code>service-cluster-ip-range</code> &#x7F51;&#x6BB5;&#x7684;&#x7B2C;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;IP&#xFF0C;&#x5982; 10.254.0.1&#xFF09;&#x3002;</li>
<li>&#x8FD9;&#x662F;&#x6700;&#x5C0F;&#x5316;&#x5B89;&#x88C5;&#x7684;kubernetes&#x96C6;&#x7FA4;&#xFF0C;&#x5305;&#x62EC;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x79C1;&#x6709;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x4ED3;&#x5E93;&#xFF0C;&#x4E09;&#x4E2A;&#x8282;&#x70B9;&#x7684;kubernetes&#x96C6;&#x7FA4;&#xFF0C;&#x4EE5;&#x4E0A;&#x7269;&#x7406;&#x8282;&#x70B9;&#x7684;IP&#x4E5F;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x66F4;&#x6362;&#x4E3A;&#x4E3B;&#x673A;&#x540D;&#x3002;</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>&#x751F;&#x6210; kubernetes &#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x548C;&#x79C1;&#x94A5;</strong></p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-bash">$ cfssl gencert -ca<span class="token operator">=</span>ca.pem -ca-key<span class="token operator">=</span>ca-key.pem -config<span class="token operator">=</span>ca-config.json -profile<span class="token operator">=</span>kubernetes kubernetes-csr.json <span class="token operator">|</span> cfssljson -bare kubernetes
$ <span class="token function">ls</span> kubernetes*
kubernetes.csr kubernetes-csr.json kubernetes-key.pem kubernetes.pem
</code></pre>
<p>&#x6216;&#x8005;&#x76F4;&#x63A5;&#x5728;&#x547D;&#x4EE4;&#x884C;&#x4E0A;&#x6307;&#x5B9A;&#x76F8;&#x5173;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-bash"><span class="token builtin class-name">echo</span> <span class="token string">&apos;{&quot;CN&quot;:&quot;kubernetes&quot;,&quot;hosts&quot;:[&quot;&quot;],&quot;key&quot;:{&quot;algo&quot;:&quot;rsa&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:2048}}&apos;</span> <span class="token operator">|</span> cfssl gencert -ca<span class="token operator">=</span>ca.pem -ca-key<span class="token operator">=</span>ca-key.pem -config<span class="token operator">=</span>ca-config.json -profile<span class="token operator">=</span>kubernetes -hostname<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">&quot;127.0.0.1,172.20.0.112,172.20.0.113,172.20.0.114,172.20.0.115,kubernetes,kubernetes.default&quot;</span> - <span class="token operator">|</span> cfssljson -bare kubernetes
</code></pre>
<h2 id="&#x521B;&#x5EFA;-admin-&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;">&#x521B;&#x5EFA; admin &#x8BC1;&#x4E66;</h2>
<p>&#x521B;&#x5EFA; admin &#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x7B7E;&#x540D;&#x8BF7;&#x6C42;&#x6587;&#x4EF6; <code>admin-csr.json</code>&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-json"><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token property">&quot;CN&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;admin&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token property">&quot;hosts&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token property">&quot;key&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token property">&quot;algo&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;rsa&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token property">&quot;size&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">2048</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token property">&quot;names&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token property">&quot;C&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;CN&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token property">&quot;ST&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;BeiJing&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token property">&quot;L&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;BeiJing&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token property">&quot;O&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;system:masters&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token property">&quot;OU&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;System&quot;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>&#x540E;&#x7EED; <code>kube-apiserver</code> &#x4F7F;&#x7528; <code>RBAC</code> &#x5BF9;&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;(&#x5982; <code>kubelet</code>&#x3001;<code>kube-proxy</code>&#x3001;<code>Pod</code>)&#x8BF7;&#x6C42;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x6388;&#x6743;&#xFF1B;</li>
<li><code>kube-apiserver</code> &#x9884;&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;&#x4E86;&#x4E00;&#x4E9B; <code>RBAC</code> &#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x7684; <code>RoleBindings</code>&#xFF0C;&#x5982; <code>cluster-admin</code> &#x5C06; Group <code>system:masters</code> &#x4E0E; Role <code>cluster-admin</code> &#x7ED1;&#x5B9A;&#xFF0C;&#x8BE5; Role &#x6388;&#x4E88;&#x4E86;&#x8C03;&#x7528;<code>kube-apiserver</code> &#x7684;<strong>&#x6240;&#x6709; API</strong>&#x7684;&#x6743;&#x9650;&#xFF1B;</li>
<li>O &#x6307;&#x5B9A;&#x8BE5;&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x7684; Group &#x4E3A; <code>system:masters</code>&#xFF0C;<code>kubelet</code> &#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x8BE5;&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x8BBF;&#x95EE; <code>kube-apiserver</code> &#x65F6; &#xFF0C;&#x7531;&#x4E8E;&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x88AB; CA &#x7B7E;&#x540D;&#xFF0C;&#x6240;&#x4EE5;&#x8BA4;&#x8BC1;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#xFF0C;&#x540C;&#x65F6;&#x7531;&#x4E8E;&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x7528;&#x6237;&#x7EC4;&#x4E3A;&#x7ECF;&#x8FC7;&#x9884;&#x6388;&#x6743;&#x7684; <code>system:masters</code>&#xFF0C;&#x6240;&#x4EE5;&#x88AB;&#x6388;&#x4E88;&#x8BBF;&#x95EE;&#x6240;&#x6709; API &#x7684;&#x6743;&#x9650;&#xFF1B;</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>&#x6CE8;&#x610F;</strong>&#xFF1A;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;admin &#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#xFF0C;&#x662F;&#x5C06;&#x6765;&#x751F;&#x6210;&#x7BA1;&#x7406;&#x5458;&#x7528;&#x7684;kube config &#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x7528;&#x7684;&#xFF0C;&#x73B0;&#x5728;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x4E00;&#x822C;&#x5EFA;&#x8BAE;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;RBAC &#x6765;&#x5BF9;kubernetes &#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x89D2;&#x8272;&#x6743;&#x9650;&#x63A7;&#x5236;&#xFF0C; kubernetes &#x5C06;&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;CN &#x5B57;&#x6BB5; &#x4F5C;&#x4E3A;User&#xFF0C; O &#x5B57;&#x6BB5;&#x4F5C;&#x4E3A; Group&#xFF08;&#x5177;&#x4F53;&#x53C2;&#x8003;<a href="../guide/authentication.html"> Kubernetes&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x7528;&#x6237;&#x4E0E;&#x8EAB;&#x4EFD;&#x8BA4;&#x8BC1;&#x6388;&#x6743;</a>&#x4E2D; X509 Client Certs &#x4E00;&#x6BB5;&#xFF09;&#x3002; </p>
<p> &#x5728;&#x642D;&#x5EFA;&#x5B8C; kubernetes &#x96C6;&#x7FA4;&#x540E;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x547D;&#x4EE4;: <code>kubectl get clusterrolebinding cluster-admin -o yaml</code> ,&#x67E5;&#x770B;&#x5230; <code>clusterrolebinding cluster-admin</code> &#x7684; subjects &#x7684; kind &#x662F; Group&#xFF0C;name &#x662F; <code>system:masters</code>&#x3002; <code>roleRef</code> &#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x662F; <code>ClusterRole cluster-admin</code>&#x3002; &#x610F;&#x601D;&#x662F;&#x51E1;&#x662F; <code>system:masters Group</code> &#x7684; user &#x6216;&#x8005; <code>serviceAccount</code> &#x90FD;&#x62E5;&#x6709; <code>cluster-admin</code> &#x7684;&#x89D2;&#x8272;&#x3002; &#x56E0;&#x6B64;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5728;&#x4F7F;&#x7528; kubectl &#x547D;&#x4EE4;&#x65F6;&#x5019;&#xFF0C;&#x624D;&#x62E5;&#x6709;&#x6574;&#x4E2A;&#x96C6;&#x7FA4;&#x7684;&#x7BA1;&#x7406;&#x6743;&#x9650;&#x3002;</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-yaml">$ kubectl get clusterrolebinding cluster<span class="token punctuation">-</span>admin <span class="token punctuation">-</span>o yaml
<span class="token key atrule">apiVersion</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
<span class="token key atrule">kind</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> ClusterRoleBinding
<span class="token key atrule">metadata</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token key atrule">annotations</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token key atrule">rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;true&quot;</span>
<span class="token key atrule">creationTimestamp</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token datetime number">2017-04-11T11:20:42Z</span>
<span class="token key atrule">labels</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token key atrule">kubernetes.io/bootstrapping</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> rbac<span class="token punctuation">-</span>defaults
<span class="token key atrule">name</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> cluster<span class="token punctuation">-</span>admin
<span class="token key atrule">resourceVersion</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;52&quot;</span>
<span class="token key atrule">selfLink</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> /apis/rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1/clusterrolebindings/cluster<span class="token punctuation">-</span>admin
<span class="token key atrule">uid</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> e61b97b2<span class="token punctuation">-</span>1ea8<span class="token punctuation">-</span>11e7<span class="token punctuation">-</span>8cd7<span class="token punctuation">-</span>f4e9d49f8ed0
<span class="token key atrule">roleRef</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token key atrule">apiGroup</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> rbac.authorization.k8s.io
<span class="token key atrule">kind</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> ClusterRole
<span class="token key atrule">name</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> cluster<span class="token punctuation">-</span>admin
<span class="token key atrule">subjects</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token punctuation">-</span> <span class="token key atrule">apiGroup</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> rbac.authorization.k8s.io
<span class="token key atrule">kind</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> Group
<span class="token key atrule">name</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> system<span class="token punctuation">:</span>masters
</code></pre>
<p>&#x751F;&#x6210; admin &#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x548C;&#x79C1;&#x94A5;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-bash">$ cfssl gencert -ca<span class="token operator">=</span>ca.pem -ca-key<span class="token operator">=</span>ca-key.pem -config<span class="token operator">=</span>ca-config.json -profile<span class="token operator">=</span>kubernetes admin-csr.json <span class="token operator">|</span> cfssljson -bare admin
$ <span class="token function">ls</span> admin*
admin.csr admin-csr.json admin-key.pem admin.pem
</code></pre>
<h2 id="&#x521B;&#x5EFA;-kube-proxy-&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;">&#x521B;&#x5EFA; kube-proxy &#x8BC1;&#x4E66;</h2>
<p>&#x521B;&#x5EFA; kube-proxy &#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x7B7E;&#x540D;&#x8BF7;&#x6C42;&#x6587;&#x4EF6; <code>kube-proxy-csr.json</code>&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-json"><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token property">&quot;CN&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;system:kube-proxy&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token property">&quot;hosts&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token property">&quot;key&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token property">&quot;algo&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;rsa&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token property">&quot;size&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">2048</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token property">&quot;names&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token property">&quot;C&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;CN&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token property">&quot;ST&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;BeiJing&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token property">&quot;L&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;BeiJing&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token property">&quot;O&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;k8s&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token property">&quot;OU&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;System&quot;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>CN &#x6307;&#x5B9A;&#x8BE5;&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x7684; User &#x4E3A; <code>system:kube-proxy</code>&#xFF1B;</li>
<li><code>kube-apiserver</code> &#x9884;&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;&#x7684; RoleBinding <code>system:node-proxier</code> &#x5C06;User <code>system:kube-proxy</code> &#x4E0E; Role <code>system:node-proxier</code> &#x7ED1;&#x5B9A;&#xFF0C;&#x8BE5; Role &#x6388;&#x4E88;&#x4E86;&#x8C03;&#x7528; <code>kube-apiserver</code> Proxy &#x76F8;&#x5173; API &#x7684;&#x6743;&#x9650;&#xFF1B;</li>
</ul>
<p>&#x751F;&#x6210; kube-proxy &#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x548C;&#x79C1;&#x94A5;</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-bash">$ cfssl gencert -ca<span class="token operator">=</span>ca.pem -ca-key<span class="token operator">=</span>ca-key.pem -config<span class="token operator">=</span>ca-config.json -profile<span class="token operator">=</span>kubernetes kube-proxy-csr.json <span class="token operator">|</span> cfssljson -bare kube-proxy
$ <span class="token function">ls</span> kube-proxy*
kube-proxy.csr kube-proxy-csr.json kube-proxy-key.pem kube-proxy.pem
</code></pre>
<h2 id="&#x6821;&#x9A8C;&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;">&#x6821;&#x9A8C;&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;</h2>
<p>&#x4EE5; Kubernetes &#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x4E3A;&#x4F8B;&#x3002;</p>
<h3 id="&#x4F7F;&#x7528;-openssl-&#x547D;&#x4EE4;">&#x4F7F;&#x7528; <code>openssl</code> &#x547D;&#x4EE4;</h3>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-bash">$ openssl x509 -noout -text -in kubernetes.pem
<span class="token punctuation">..</span>.
Signature Algorithm: sha256WithRSAEncryption
Issuer: <span class="token assign-left variable">C</span><span class="token operator">=</span>CN, <span class="token assign-left variable">ST</span><span class="token operator">=</span>BeiJing, <span class="token assign-left variable">L</span><span class="token operator">=</span>BeiJing, <span class="token assign-left variable">O</span><span class="token operator">=</span>k8s, <span class="token assign-left variable">OU</span><span class="token operator">=</span>System, <span class="token assign-left variable">CN</span><span class="token operator">=</span>Kubernetes
Validity
Not Before: Apr <span class="token number">5</span> 05:36:00 <span class="token number">2017</span> GMT
Not After <span class="token builtin class-name">:</span> Apr <span class="token number">5</span> 05:36:00 <span class="token number">2018</span> GMT
Subject: <span class="token assign-left variable">C</span><span class="token operator">=</span>CN, <span class="token assign-left variable">ST</span><span class="token operator">=</span>BeiJing, <span class="token assign-left variable">L</span><span class="token operator">=</span>BeiJing, <span class="token assign-left variable">O</span><span class="token operator">=</span>k8s, <span class="token assign-left variable">OU</span><span class="token operator">=</span>System, <span class="token assign-left variable">CN</span><span class="token operator">=</span>kubernetes
<span class="token punctuation">..</span>.
X509v3 extensions:
X509v3 Key Usage: critical
Digital Signature, Key Encipherment
X509v3 Extended Key Usage:
TLS Web Server Authentication, TLS Web Client Authentication
X509v3 Basic Constraints: critical
CA:FALSE
X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:
DD:52:04:43:10:13:A9:29:24:17:3A:0E:D7:14:DB:36:F8:6C:E0:E0
X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:
keyid:44:04:3B:60:BD:69:78:14:68:AF:A0:41:13:F6:17:07:13:63:58:CD
X509v3 Subject Alternative Name:
DNS:kubernetes, DNS:kubernetes.default, DNS:kubernetes.default.svc, DNS:kubernetes.default.svc.cluster, DNS:kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local, IP Address:127.0.0.1, IP Address:172.20.0.112, IP Address:172.20.0.113, IP Address:172.20.0.114, IP Address:172.20.0.115, IP Address:10.254.0.1
<span class="token punctuation">..</span>.
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>&#x786E;&#x8BA4; <code>Issuer</code> &#x5B57;&#x6BB5;&#x7684;&#x5185;&#x5BB9;&#x548C; <code>ca-csr.json</code> &#x4E00;&#x81F4;&#xFF1B;</li>
<li>&#x786E;&#x8BA4; <code>Subject</code> &#x5B57;&#x6BB5;&#x7684;&#x5185;&#x5BB9;&#x548C; <code>kubernetes-csr.json</code> &#x4E00;&#x81F4;&#xFF1B;</li>
<li>&#x786E;&#x8BA4; <code>X509v3 Subject Alternative Name</code> &#x5B57;&#x6BB5;&#x7684;&#x5185;&#x5BB9;&#x548C; <code>kubernetes-csr.json</code> &#x4E00;&#x81F4;&#xFF1B;</li>
<li>&#x786E;&#x8BA4; <code>X509v3 Key Usage&#x3001;Extended Key Usage</code> &#x5B57;&#x6BB5;&#x7684;&#x5185;&#x5BB9;&#x548C; <code>ca-config.json</code> &#x4E2D; <code>kubernetes</code> profile &#x4E00;&#x81F4;&#xFF1B;</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="&#x4F7F;&#x7528;-cfssl-certinfo-&#x547D;&#x4EE4;">&#x4F7F;&#x7528; <code>cfssl-certinfo</code> &#x547D;&#x4EE4;</h3>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-bash">$ cfssl-certinfo -cert kubernetes.pem
<span class="token punctuation">..</span>.
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token string">&quot;subject&quot;</span><span class="token builtin class-name">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token string">&quot;common_name&quot;</span><span class="token builtin class-name">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;kubernetes&quot;</span>,
<span class="token string">&quot;country&quot;</span><span class="token builtin class-name">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;CN&quot;</span>,
<span class="token string">&quot;organization&quot;</span><span class="token builtin class-name">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;k8s&quot;</span>,
<span class="token string">&quot;organizational_unit&quot;</span><span class="token builtin class-name">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;System&quot;</span>,
<span class="token string">&quot;locality&quot;</span><span class="token builtin class-name">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;BeiJing&quot;</span>,
<span class="token string">&quot;province&quot;</span><span class="token builtin class-name">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;BeiJing&quot;</span>,
<span class="token string">&quot;names&quot;</span><span class="token builtin class-name">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token string">&quot;CN&quot;</span>,
<span class="token string">&quot;BeiJing&quot;</span>,
<span class="token string">&quot;BeiJing&quot;</span>,
<span class="token string">&quot;k8s&quot;</span>,
<span class="token string">&quot;System&quot;</span>,
<span class="token string">&quot;kubernetes&quot;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>,
<span class="token string">&quot;issuer&quot;</span><span class="token builtin class-name">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token string">&quot;common_name&quot;</span><span class="token builtin class-name">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Kubernetes&quot;</span>,
<span class="token string">&quot;country&quot;</span><span class="token builtin class-name">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;CN&quot;</span>,
<span class="token string">&quot;organization&quot;</span><span class="token builtin class-name">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;k8s&quot;</span>,
<span class="token string">&quot;organizational_unit&quot;</span><span class="token builtin class-name">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;System&quot;</span>,
<span class="token string">&quot;locality&quot;</span><span class="token builtin class-name">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;BeiJing&quot;</span>,
<span class="token string">&quot;province&quot;</span><span class="token builtin class-name">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;BeiJing&quot;</span>,
<span class="token string">&quot;names&quot;</span><span class="token builtin class-name">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token string">&quot;CN&quot;</span>,
<span class="token string">&quot;BeiJing&quot;</span>,
<span class="token string">&quot;BeiJing&quot;</span>,
<span class="token string">&quot;k8s&quot;</span>,
<span class="token string">&quot;System&quot;</span>,
<span class="token string">&quot;Kubernetes&quot;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>,
<span class="token string">&quot;serial_number&quot;</span><span class="token builtin class-name">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;174360492872423263473151971632292895707129022309&quot;</span>,
<span class="token string">&quot;sans&quot;</span><span class="token builtin class-name">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token string">&quot;kubernetes&quot;</span>,
<span class="token string">&quot;kubernetes.default&quot;</span>,
<span class="token string">&quot;kubernetes.default.svc&quot;</span>,
<span class="token string">&quot;kubernetes.default.svc.cluster&quot;</span>,
<span class="token string">&quot;kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local&quot;</span>,
<span class="token string">&quot;127.0.0.1&quot;</span>,
<span class="token string">&quot;10.64.3.7&quot;</span>,
<span class="token string">&quot;10.254.0.1&quot;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span>,
<span class="token string">&quot;not_before&quot;</span><span class="token builtin class-name">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;2017-04-05T05:36:00Z&quot;</span>,
<span class="token string">&quot;not_after&quot;</span><span class="token builtin class-name">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;2018-04-05T05:36:00Z&quot;</span>,
<span class="token string">&quot;sigalg&quot;</span><span class="token builtin class-name">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;SHA256WithRSA&quot;</span>,
<span class="token punctuation">..</span>.
</code></pre>
<h2 id="&#x5206;&#x53D1;&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;">&#x5206;&#x53D1;&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;</h2>
<p>&#x5C06;&#x751F;&#x6210;&#x7684;&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x548C;&#x79D8;&#x94A5;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#xFF08;&#x540E;&#x7F00;&#x540D;&#x4E3A;<code>.pem</code>&#xFF09;&#x62F7;&#x8D1D;&#x5230;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x673A;&#x5668;&#x7684; <code>/etc/kubernetes/ssl</code> &#x76EE;&#x5F55;&#x4E0B;&#x5907;&#x7528;&#xFF1B;</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-bash"><span class="token function">mkdir</span> -p /etc/kubernetes/ssl
<span class="token function">cp</span> *.pem /etc/kubernetes/ssl
</code></pre>
<h2 id="&#x53C2;&#x8003;">&#x53C2;&#x8003;</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://coreos.com/os/docs/latest/generate-self-signed-certificates.html" target="_blank">Generate self-signed certificates - coreos.com</a></li>
<li><a href="https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/kaushal/2012/02/17/client-certificates-vs-server-certificates/" target="_blank">Client Certificates V/s Server Certificates - blogs.msdn.microsoft.com</a></li>
</ul>
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