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< title > 服务网格对比 API 网关 · Kubernetes 中文指南——云原生应用架构实践手册< / title >
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< a href = "https://jimmysong.io" target = "_blank" class = "custom-link" > 回到主页< / a >
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< a href = "https://jimmysong.io/awesome-cloud-native/" target = "_blank" class = "custom-link" > 云原生开源项目大全< / a >
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< a href = "https://cloudnative.to" target = "_blank" class = "custom-link" > 云原生社区< / a >
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< li class = "divider" > < / li >
< li class = "header" > 前言< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.1" data-path = "../" >
< a href = "../" >
< b > 1.1.< / b >
序言
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< / li >
< li class = "header" > 云原生< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "2.1" data-path = "../cloud-native/cloud-native-definition.html" >
< a href = "../cloud-native/cloud-native-definition.html" >
< b > 2.1.< / b >
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云原生的定义
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< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "2.2" data-path = "../cloud-native/cloud-native-philosophy.html" >
< a href = "../cloud-native/cloud-native-philosophy.html" >
< b > 2.2.< / b >
云原生的设计哲学
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "2.3" data-path = "../cloud-native/kubernetes-history.html" >
< a href = "../cloud-native/kubernetes-history.html" >
< b > 2.3.< / b >
Kubernetes 的诞生
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "2.4" data-path = "../cloud-native/kubernetes-and-cloud-native-app-overview.html" >
< a href = "../cloud-native/kubernetes-and-cloud-native-app-overview.html" >
< b > 2.4.< / b >
Kubernetes 与云原生应用概览
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< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "2.5" data-path = "../cloud-native/from-kubernetes-to-cloud-native.html" >
< a href = "../cloud-native/from-kubernetes-to-cloud-native.html" >
< b > 2.5.< / b >
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云原生应用之路 —— 从 Kubernetes 到云原生
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< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "2.6" data-path = "../cloud-native/define-cloud-native-app.html" >
< a href = "../cloud-native/define-cloud-native-app.html" >
< b > 2.6.< / b >
定义云原生应用
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "2.6.1" data-path = "../cloud-native/oam.html" >
< a href = "../cloud-native/oam.html" >
< b > 2.6.1.< / b >
OAM
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "2.6.1.1" data-path = "../cloud-native/workload.html" >
< a href = "../cloud-native/workload.html" >
< b > 2.6.1.1.< / b >
Workload
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "2.6.1.2" data-path = "../cloud-native/component.html" >
< a href = "../cloud-native/component.html" >
< b > 2.6.1.2.< / b >
Component
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "2.6.1.3" data-path = "../cloud-native/trait.html" >
< a href = "../cloud-native/trait.html" >
< b > 2.6.1.3.< / b >
Trait
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "2.6.1.4" data-path = "../cloud-native/application-scope.html" >
< a href = "../cloud-native/application-scope.html" >
< b > 2.6.1.4.< / b >
Application Scope
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "2.6.1.5" data-path = "../cloud-native/application-configuration.html" >
< a href = "../cloud-native/application-configuration.html" >
< b > 2.6.1.5.< / b >
Application Configuration
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< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "2.6.2" data-path = "../cloud-native/crossplane.html" >
< a href = "../cloud-native/crossplane.html" >
< b > 2.6.2.< / b >
Crossplane
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< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "2.7" data-path = "../cloud-native/cloud-native-programming-languages.html" >
< a href = "../cloud-native/cloud-native-programming-languages.html" >
< b > 2.7.< / b >
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云原生平台配置语言
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< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "2.7.1" data-path = "../cloud-native/cloud-native-programming-language-ballerina.html" >
< a href = "../cloud-native/cloud-native-programming-language-ballerina.html" >
< b > 2.7.1.< / b >
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Ballerina
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< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "2.7.2" data-path = "../cloud-native/cloud-native-programming-language-pulumi.html" >
< a href = "../cloud-native/cloud-native-programming-language-pulumi.html" >
< b > 2.7.2.< / b >
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Pulumi
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< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "2.8" data-path = "../cloud-native/the-future-of-cloud-native.html" >
< a href = "../cloud-native/the-future-of-cloud-native.html" >
< b > 2.8.< / b >
云原生的未来
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "header" > 快速入门< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.1" data-path = "../cloud-native/quick-start.html" >
< a href = "../cloud-native/quick-start.html" >
< b > 3.1.< / b >
云原生新手入门指南
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.2" data-path = "../cloud-native/play-with-kubernetes.html" >
< a href = "../cloud-native/play-with-kubernetes.html" >
< b > 3.2.< / b >
Play with Kubernetes
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.3" data-path = "../cloud-native/cloud-native-local-quick-start.html" >
< a href = "../cloud-native/cloud-native-local-quick-start.html" >
< b > 3.3.< / b >
快速部署一个云原生本地实验环境
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.4" data-path = "../cloud-native/setup-kubernetes-with-rancher-and-aliyun.html" >
< a href = "../cloud-native/setup-kubernetes-with-rancher-and-aliyun.html" >
< b > 3.4.< / b >
使用 Rancher 在阿里云上部署 Kubenretes 集群
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "header" > 概念与原理< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.1" data-path = "../concepts/" >
< a href = "../concepts/" >
< b > 4.1.< / b >
Kubernetes 架构
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.1.1" data-path = "../concepts/concepts.html" >
< a href = "../concepts/concepts.html" >
< b > 4.1.1.< / b >
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Kubernetes 的设计理念
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< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.1.2" data-path = "../concepts/etcd.html" >
< a href = "../concepts/etcd.html" >
< b > 4.1.2.< / b >
Etcd 解析
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< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.1.3" data-path = "../concepts/open-interfaces.html" >
< a href = "../concepts/open-interfaces.html" >
< b > 4.1.3.< / b >
开放接口
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.1.3.1" data-path = "../concepts/cri.html" >
< a href = "../concepts/cri.html" >
< b > 4.1.3.1.< / b >
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容器运行时接口( CRI)
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< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.1.3.2" data-path = "../concepts/cni.html" >
< a href = "../concepts/cni.html" >
< b > 4.1.3.2.< / b >
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容器网络接口( CNI)
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< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.1.3.3" data-path = "../concepts/csi.html" >
< a href = "../concepts/csi.html" >
< b > 4.1.3.3.< / b >
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容器存储接口( CSI)
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< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.1.4" data-path = "../concepts/objects.html" >
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< a href = "../concepts/objects.html" >
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< b > 4.1.4.< / b >
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Kubernetes 中的资源对象
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< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.2" data-path = "../concepts/pod-state-and-lifecycle.html" >
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< a href = "../concepts/pod-state-and-lifecycle.html" >
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< b > 4.2.< / b >
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Pod 状态与生命周期管理
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< ul class = "articles" >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.2.1" data-path = "../concepts/pod-overview.html" >
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< a href = "../concepts/pod-overview.html" >
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< b > 4.2.1.< / b >
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Pod 概览
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< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.2.2" data-path = "../concepts/pod.html" >
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< a href = "../concepts/pod.html" >
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< b > 4.2.2.< / b >
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Pod 解析
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.2.3" data-path = "../concepts/init-containers.html" >
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< a href = "../concepts/init-containers.html" >
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< b > 4.2.3.< / b >
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Init 容器
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< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.2.4" data-path = "../concepts/pause-container.html" >
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< a href = "../concepts/pause-container.html" >
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< b > 4.2.4.< / b >
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Pause 容器
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< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.2.5" data-path = "../concepts/pod-security-policy.html" >
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< a href = "../concepts/pod-security-policy.html" >
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< b > 4.2.5.< / b >
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Pod 安全策略
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< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.2.6" data-path = "../concepts/pod-lifecycle.html" >
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< a href = "../concepts/pod-lifecycle.html" >
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< b > 4.2.6.< / b >
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Pod 的生命周期
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< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.2.7" data-path = "../concepts/pod-hook.html" >
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< a href = "../concepts/pod-hook.html" >
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< b > 4.2.7.< / b >
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Pod Hook
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.2.8" data-path = "../concepts/pod-preset.html" >
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< a href = "../concepts/pod-preset.html" >
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< b > 4.2.8.< / b >
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Pod Preset
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.2.9" data-path = "../concepts/pod-disruption-budget.html" >
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< a href = "../concepts/pod-disruption-budget.html" >
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< b > 4.2.9.< / b >
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Pod 中断与 PDB( Pod 中断预算)
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.3" data-path = "../concepts/cluster.html" >
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< a href = "../concepts/cluster.html" >
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< b > 4.3.< / b >
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集群资源管理
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< ul class = "articles" >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.3.1" data-path = "../concepts/node.html" >
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< a href = "../concepts/node.html" >
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< b > 4.3.1.< / b >
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Node
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.3.2" data-path = "../concepts/namespace.html" >
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< a href = "../concepts/namespace.html" >
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< b > 4.3.2.< / b >
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Namespace
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< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.3.3" data-path = "../concepts/label.html" >
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< a href = "../concepts/label.html" >
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< b > 4.3.3.< / b >
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Label
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.3.4" data-path = "../concepts/annotation.html" >
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< a href = "../concepts/annotation.html" >
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< b > 4.3.4.< / b >
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Annotation
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.3.5" data-path = "../concepts/taint-and-toleration.html" >
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< a href = "../concepts/taint-and-toleration.html" >
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< b > 4.3.5.< / b >
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Taint 和 Toleration( 污点和容忍)
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.3.6" data-path = "../concepts/garbage-collection.html" >
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< a href = "../concepts/garbage-collection.html" >
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< b > 4.3.6.< / b >
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垃圾收集
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.4" data-path = "../concepts/controllers.html" >
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< a href = "../concepts/controllers.html" >
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< b > 4.4.< / b >
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控制器
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< ul class = "articles" >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.4.1" data-path = "../concepts/deployment.html" >
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< a href = "../concepts/deployment.html" >
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< b > 4.4.1.< / b >
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Deployment
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.4.2" data-path = "../concepts/statefulset.html" >
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< a href = "../concepts/statefulset.html" >
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< b > 4.4.2.< / b >
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StatefulSet
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.4.3" data-path = "../concepts/daemonset.html" >
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< a href = "../concepts/daemonset.html" >
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< b > 4.4.3.< / b >
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DaemonSet
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.4.4" data-path = "../concepts/replicaset.html" >
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< a href = "../concepts/replicaset.html" >
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< b > 4.4.4.< / b >
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ReplicationController 和 ReplicaSet
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.4.5" data-path = "../concepts/job.html" >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
< a href = "../concepts/job.html" >
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< b > 4.4.5.< / b >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
Job
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.4.6" data-path = "../concepts/cronjob.html" >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
< a href = "../concepts/cronjob.html" >
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< b > 4.4.6.< / b >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
CronJob
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.4.7" data-path = "../concepts/horizontal-pod-autoscaling.html" >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
< a href = "../concepts/horizontal-pod-autoscaling.html" >
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< b > 4.4.7.< / b >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
Horizontal Pod Autoscaling
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.4.7.1" data-path = "../concepts/custom-metrics-hpa.html" >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
< a href = "../concepts/custom-metrics-hpa.html" >
2021-07-09 16:57:54 +08:00
< b > 4.4.7.1.< / b >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
自定义指标 HPA
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.4.8" data-path = "../concepts/admission-controller.html" >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
< a href = "../concepts/admission-controller.html" >
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< b > 4.4.8.< / b >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
准入控制器( Admission Controller)
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.5" data-path = "../concepts/service-discovery.html" >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
< a href = "../concepts/service-discovery.html" >
2021-07-09 16:57:54 +08:00
< b > 4.5.< / b >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
2021-07-09 16:57:54 +08:00
服务发现与路由
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< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.5.1" data-path = "../concepts/service.html" >
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< a href = "../concepts/service.html" >
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< b > 4.5.1.< / b >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
Service
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.5.2" data-path = "../concepts/topology-aware-routing.html" >
< a href = "../concepts/topology-aware-routing.html" >
< b > 4.5.2.< / b >
拓扑感知路由
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.5.3" data-path = "../concepts/ingress.html" >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
< a href = "../concepts/ingress.html" >
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< b > 4.5.3.< / b >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
Ingress
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.5.3.1" data-path = "../concepts/traefik-ingress-controller.html" >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
< a href = "../concepts/traefik-ingress-controller.html" >
2021-07-09 16:57:54 +08:00
< b > 4.5.3.1.< / b >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
Traefik Ingress Controller
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
2021-12-23 20:13:17 +08:00
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.5.4" data-path = "../concepts/gateway.html" >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
2021-12-23 20:13:17 +08:00
< a href = "../concepts/gateway.html" >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
2021-07-09 16:57:54 +08:00
< b > 4.5.4.< / b >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
2021-12-23 20:13:17 +08:00
Gateway
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< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.6" data-path = "../concepts/authentication-and-permission.html" >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
< a href = "../concepts/authentication-and-permission.html" >
2021-07-09 16:57:54 +08:00
< b > 4.6.< / b >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
身份与权限控制
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.6.1" data-path = "../concepts/serviceaccount.html" >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
< a href = "../concepts/serviceaccount.html" >
2021-07-09 16:57:54 +08:00
< b > 4.6.1.< / b >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
ServiceAccount
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.6.2" data-path = "../concepts/rbac.html" >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
< a href = "../concepts/rbac.html" >
2021-07-09 16:57:54 +08:00
< b > 4.6.2.< / b >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
2021-11-09 17:32:02 +08:00
基于角色的访问控制( RBAC)
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
< / a >
< / li >
2021-07-09 16:57:54 +08:00
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.6.3" data-path = "../concepts/network-policy.html" >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
< a href = "../concepts/network-policy.html" >
2021-07-09 16:57:54 +08:00
< b > 4.6.3.< / b >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
NetworkPolicy
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.7" data-path = "../concepts/networking.html" >
< a href = "../concepts/networking.html" >
< b > 4.7.< / b >
网络
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.7.1" data-path = "../concepts/flannel.html" >
< a href = "../concepts/flannel.html" >
< b > 4.7.1.< / b >
2021-12-23 20:13:17 +08:00
扁平网络 Flannel
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< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.7.2" data-path = "../concepts/calico.html" >
< a href = "../concepts/calico.html" >
< b > 4.7.2.< / b >
2021-12-23 20:13:17 +08:00
非 Overlay 扁平网络 Calico
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< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.7.3" data-path = "../concepts/cilium.html" >
< a href = "../concepts/cilium.html" >
< b > 4.7.3.< / b >
2021-12-23 20:13:17 +08:00
基于 eBPF 的网络 Cilium
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< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.7.3.1" data-path = "../concepts/cilium-concepts.html" >
< a href = "../concepts/cilium-concepts.html" >
< b > 4.7.3.1.< / b >
Cilium 架构设计与概念解析
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.8" data-path = "../concepts/storage.html" >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
< a href = "../concepts/storage.html" >
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< b > 4.8.< / b >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
存储
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.8.1" data-path = "../concepts/secret.html" >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
< a href = "../concepts/secret.html" >
2021-07-09 16:57:54 +08:00
< b > 4.8.1.< / b >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
Secret
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.8.2" data-path = "../concepts/configmap.html" >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
< a href = "../concepts/configmap.html" >
2021-07-09 16:57:54 +08:00
< b > 4.8.2.< / b >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
ConfigMap
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
2021-07-09 16:57:54 +08:00
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.8.2.1" data-path = "../concepts/configmap-hot-update.html" >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
< a href = "../concepts/configmap-hot-update.html" >
2021-07-09 16:57:54 +08:00
< b > 4.8.2.1.< / b >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
ConfigMap 的热更新
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
2021-07-09 16:57:54 +08:00
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.8.3" data-path = "../concepts/volume.html" >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
< a href = "../concepts/volume.html" >
2021-07-09 16:57:54 +08:00
< b > 4.8.3.< / b >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
Volume
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.8.4" data-path = "../concepts/persistent-volume.html" >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
< a href = "../concepts/persistent-volume.html" >
2021-07-09 16:57:54 +08:00
< b > 4.8.4.< / b >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
2021-11-09 17:32:02 +08:00
持久化卷( Persistent Volume)
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.8.5" data-path = "../concepts/storageclass.html" >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
< a href = "../concepts/storageclass.html" >
2021-07-09 16:57:54 +08:00
< b > 4.8.5.< / b >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
Storage Class
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.8.6" data-path = "../concepts/local-persistent-storage.html" >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
< a href = "../concepts/local-persistent-storage.html" >
2021-07-09 16:57:54 +08:00
< b > 4.8.6.< / b >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
本地持久化存储
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.9" data-path = "../concepts/extension.html" >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
< a href = "../concepts/extension.html" >
2021-07-09 16:57:54 +08:00
< b > 4.9.< / b >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
集群扩展
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.9.1" data-path = "../concepts/custom-resource.html" >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
< a href = "../concepts/custom-resource.html" >
2021-07-09 16:57:54 +08:00
< b > 4.9.1.< / b >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
使用自定义资源扩展 API
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.9.2" data-path = "../concepts/crd.html" >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
< a href = "../concepts/crd.html" >
2021-07-09 16:57:54 +08:00
< b > 4.9.2.< / b >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
使用 CRD 扩展 Kubernetes API
< / a >
< / li >
2021-07-09 16:57:54 +08:00
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.9.3" data-path = "../concepts/aggregated-api-server.html" >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
< a href = "../concepts/aggregated-api-server.html" >
2021-07-09 16:57:54 +08:00
< b > 4.9.3.< / b >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
Aggregated API Server
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.9.4" data-path = "../concepts/apiservice.html" >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
< a href = "../concepts/apiservice.html" >
2021-07-09 16:57:54 +08:00
< b > 4.9.4.< / b >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
APIService
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.9.5" data-path = "../concepts/service-catalog.html" >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
< a href = "../concepts/service-catalog.html" >
2021-07-09 16:57:54 +08:00
< b > 4.9.5.< / b >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
2021-12-25 21:47:43 +08:00
服务目录( Service Catalog)
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
< / a >
< / li >
2021-10-15 13:19:39 +08:00
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.10" data-path = "../concepts/multicluster.html" >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
< a href = "../concepts/multicluster.html" >
2021-10-15 13:19:39 +08:00
< b > 4.10.< / b >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
多集群管理
< / a >
2021-10-15 13:19:39 +08:00
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.10.1" data-path = "../concepts/multi-cluster-services-api.html" >
< a href = "../concepts/multi-cluster-services-api.html" >
< b > 4.10.1.< / b >
2021-11-09 17:32:02 +08:00
多集群服务 API( Multi-Cluster Services API)
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.10.2" data-path = "../practice/federation.html" >
< a href = "../practice/federation.html" >
< b > 4.10.2.< / b >
集群联邦( Cluster Federation)
2021-10-15 13:19:39 +08:00
< / a >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
2021-10-15 13:19:39 +08:00
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.11" data-path = "../concepts/scheduling.html" >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
< a href = "../concepts/scheduling.html" >
2021-10-15 13:19:39 +08:00
< b > 4.11.< / b >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
资源调度
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
2021-10-15 13:19:39 +08:00
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.11.1" data-path = "../concepts/qos.html" >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
< a href = "../concepts/qos.html" >
2021-10-15 13:19:39 +08:00
< b > 4.11.1.< / b >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
2021-11-09 17:32:02 +08:00
服务质量等级( QoS)
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "header" > 用户指南< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.1" data-path = "../guide/" >
< a href = "../guide/" >
< b > 5.1.< / b >
用户指南概览
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.2" data-path = "../guide/resource-configuration.html" >
< a href = "../guide/resource-configuration.html" >
< b > 5.2.< / b >
资源对象配置
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.2.1" data-path = "../guide/configure-liveness-readiness-probes.html" >
< a href = "../guide/configure-liveness-readiness-probes.html" >
< b > 5.2.1.< / b >
配置 Pod 的 liveness 和 readiness 探针
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.2.2" data-path = "../guide/configure-pod-service-account.html" >
< a href = "../guide/configure-pod-service-account.html" >
< b > 5.2.2.< / b >
配置 Pod 的 Service Account
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.2.3" data-path = "../guide/secret-configuration.html" >
< a href = "../guide/secret-configuration.html" >
< b > 5.2.3.< / b >
Secret 配置
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.2.4" data-path = "../guide/resource-quota-management.html" >
< a href = "../guide/resource-quota-management.html" >
< b > 5.2.4.< / b >
管理 namespace 中的资源配额
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.3" data-path = "../guide/command-usage.html" >
< a href = "../guide/command-usage.html" >
< b > 5.3.< / b >
命令使用
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.3.1" data-path = "../guide/docker-cli-to-kubectl.html" >
< a href = "../guide/docker-cli-to-kubectl.html" >
< b > 5.3.1.< / b >
Docker 用户过渡到 kubectl 命令行指南
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.3.2" data-path = "../guide/using-kubectl.html" >
< a href = "../guide/using-kubectl.html" >
< b > 5.3.2.< / b >
kubectl 命令概览
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.3.3" data-path = "../guide/kubectl-cheatsheet.html" >
< a href = "../guide/kubectl-cheatsheet.html" >
< b > 5.3.3.< / b >
kubectl 命令技巧大全
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.3.4" data-path = "../guide/using-etcdctl-to-access-kubernetes-data.html" >
< a href = "../guide/using-etcdctl-to-access-kubernetes-data.html" >
< b > 5.3.4.< / b >
2021-08-04 16:20:42 +08:00
使用 etcdctl 访问 Kubernetes 数据
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.4" data-path = "../guide/cluster-security-management.html" >
< a href = "../guide/cluster-security-management.html" >
< b > 5.4.< / b >
集群安全性管理
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.4.1" data-path = "../guide/managing-tls-in-a-cluster.html" >
< a href = "../guide/managing-tls-in-a-cluster.html" >
< b > 5.4.1.< / b >
管理集群中的 TLS
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.4.2" data-path = "../guide/kubelet-authentication-authorization.html" >
< a href = "../guide/kubelet-authentication-authorization.html" >
< b > 5.4.2.< / b >
kubelet 的认证授权
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.4.3" data-path = "../guide/tls-bootstrapping.html" >
< a href = "../guide/tls-bootstrapping.html" >
< b > 5.4.3.< / b >
TLS Bootstrap
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.4.4" data-path = "../guide/kubectl-user-authentication-authorization.html" >
< a href = "../guide/kubectl-user-authentication-authorization.html" >
< b > 5.4.4.< / b >
创建用户认证授权的 kubeconfig 文件
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.4.5" data-path = "../guide/ip-masq-agent.html" >
< a href = "../guide/ip-masq-agent.html" >
< b > 5.4.5.< / b >
IP 伪装代理
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.4.6" data-path = "../guide/auth-with-kubeconfig-or-token.html" >
< a href = "../guide/auth-with-kubeconfig-or-token.html" >
< b > 5.4.6.< / b >
使用 kubeconfig 或 token 进行用户身份认证
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.4.7" data-path = "../guide/authentication.html" >
< a href = "../guide/authentication.html" >
< b > 5.4.7.< / b >
Kubernetes 中的用户与身份认证授权
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.4.8" data-path = "../guide/kubernetes-security-best-practice.html" >
< a href = "../guide/kubernetes-security-best-practice.html" >
< b > 5.4.8.< / b >
Kubernetes 集群安全性配置最佳实践
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.5" data-path = "../guide/access-kubernetes-cluster.html" >
< a href = "../guide/access-kubernetes-cluster.html" >
< b > 5.5.< / b >
访问 Kubernetes 集群
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.5.1" data-path = "../guide/access-cluster.html" >
< a href = "../guide/access-cluster.html" >
< b > 5.5.1.< / b >
访问集群
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.5.2" data-path = "../guide/authenticate-across-clusters-kubeconfig.html" >
< a href = "../guide/authenticate-across-clusters-kubeconfig.html" >
< b > 5.5.2.< / b >
使用 kubeconfig 文件配置跨集群认证
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.5.3" data-path = "../guide/connecting-to-applications-port-forward.html" >
< a href = "../guide/connecting-to-applications-port-forward.html" >
< b > 5.5.3.< / b >
通过端口转发访问集群中的应用程序
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.5.4" data-path = "../guide/service-access-application-cluster.html" >
< a href = "../guide/service-access-application-cluster.html" >
< b > 5.5.4.< / b >
使用 service 访问群集中的应用程序
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.5.5" data-path = "../guide/accessing-kubernetes-pods-from-outside-of-the-cluster.html" >
< a href = "../guide/accessing-kubernetes-pods-from-outside-of-the-cluster.html" >
< b > 5.5.5.< / b >
从外部访问 Kubernetes 中的 Pod
< / a >
< / li >
2021-12-25 21:47:43 +08:00
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.5.6" data-path = "../guide/kubernetes-desktop-client.html" >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
< a href = "../guide/kubernetes-desktop-client.html" >
2021-12-25 21:47:43 +08:00
< b > 5.5.6.< / b >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
2021-12-25 21:47:43 +08:00
Lens - Kubernetes IDE
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
< / a >
< / li >
2021-12-25 21:47:43 +08:00
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.5.7" data-path = "../guide/kubernator-kubernetes-ui.html" >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
< a href = "../guide/kubernator-kubernetes-ui.html" >
2021-12-25 21:47:43 +08:00
< b > 5.5.7.< / b >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
Kubernator - 更底层的 Kubernetes UI
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.6" data-path = "../guide/application-development-deployment-flow.html" >
< a href = "../guide/application-development-deployment-flow.html" >
< b > 5.6.< / b >
在 Kubernetes 中开发部署应用
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.6.1" data-path = "../guide/deploy-applications-in-kubernetes.html" >
< a href = "../guide/deploy-applications-in-kubernetes.html" >
< b > 5.6.1.< / b >
2021-08-04 16:20:42 +08:00
适用于 Kubernetes 的应用开发部署流程
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.6.2" data-path = "../guide/migrating-hadoop-yarn-to-kubernetes.html" >
< a href = "../guide/migrating-hadoop-yarn-to-kubernetes.html" >
< b > 5.6.2.< / b >
迁移传统应用到 Kubernetes 中 —— 以 Hadoop YARN 为例
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.6.3" data-path = "../guide/using-statefulset.html" >
< a href = "../guide/using-statefulset.html" >
< b > 5.6.3.< / b >
使用 StatefulSet 部署用状态应用
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "header" > 最佳实践< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.1" data-path = "../practice/" >
< a href = "../practice/" >
< b > 6.1.< / b >
最佳实践概览
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.2" data-path = "../practice/install-kubernetes-on-centos.html" >
< a href = "../practice/install-kubernetes-on-centos.html" >
< b > 6.2.< / b >
在 CentOS 上部署 Kubernetes 集群
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.2.1" data-path = "../practice/create-tls-and-secret-key.html" >
< a href = "../practice/create-tls-and-secret-key.html" >
< b > 6.2.1.< / b >
创建 TLS 证书和秘钥
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.2.2" data-path = "../practice/create-kubeconfig.html" >
< a href = "../practice/create-kubeconfig.html" >
< b > 6.2.2.< / b >
创建 kubeconfig 文件
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.2.3" data-path = "../practice/etcd-cluster-installation.html" >
< a href = "../practice/etcd-cluster-installation.html" >
< b > 6.2.3.< / b >
创建高可用 etcd 集群
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.2.4" data-path = "../practice/kubectl-installation.html" >
< a href = "../practice/kubectl-installation.html" >
< b > 6.2.4.< / b >
安装 kubectl 命令行工具
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.2.5" data-path = "../practice/master-installation.html" >
< a href = "../practice/master-installation.html" >
< b > 6.2.5.< / b >
部署 master 节点
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.2.6" data-path = "../practice/flannel-installation.html" >
< a href = "../practice/flannel-installation.html" >
< b > 6.2.6.< / b >
安装 flannel 网络插件
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.2.7" data-path = "../practice/node-installation.html" >
< a href = "../practice/node-installation.html" >
< b > 6.2.7.< / b >
部署 node 节点
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.2.8" data-path = "../practice/kubedns-addon-installation.html" >
< a href = "../practice/kubedns-addon-installation.html" >
< b > 6.2.8.< / b >
安装 kubedns 插件
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.2.9" data-path = "../practice/dashboard-addon-installation.html" >
< a href = "../practice/dashboard-addon-installation.html" >
< b > 6.2.9.< / b >
安装 dashboard 插件
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.2.10" data-path = "../practice/heapster-addon-installation.html" >
< a href = "../practice/heapster-addon-installation.html" >
< b > 6.2.10.< / b >
安装 heapster 插件
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.2.11" data-path = "../practice/efk-addon-installation.html" >
< a href = "../practice/efk-addon-installation.html" >
< b > 6.2.11.< / b >
安装 EFK 插件
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.3" data-path = "../practice/install-kubernetes-with-kubeadm.html" >
< a href = "../practice/install-kubernetes-with-kubeadm.html" >
< b > 6.3.< / b >
生产级的 Kubernetes 简化管理工具 kubeadm
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.3.1" data-path = "../practice/install-kubernetes-on-ubuntu-server-16.04-with-kubeadm.html" >
< a href = "../practice/install-kubernetes-on-ubuntu-server-16.04-with-kubeadm.html" >
< b > 6.3.1.< / b >
使用 kubeadm 在 Ubuntu Server 16.04 上快速构建测试集群
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.4" data-path = "../practice/service-discovery-and-loadbalancing.html" >
< a href = "../practice/service-discovery-and-loadbalancing.html" >
< b > 6.4.< / b >
服务发现与负载均衡
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.4.1" data-path = "../practice/traefik-ingress-installation.html" >
< a href = "../practice/traefik-ingress-installation.html" >
< b > 6.4.1.< / b >
安装 Traefik ingress
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.4.2" data-path = "../practice/distributed-load-test.html" >
< a href = "../practice/distributed-load-test.html" >
< b > 6.4.2.< / b >
分布式负载测试
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.4.3" data-path = "../practice/network-and-cluster-perfermance-test.html" >
< a href = "../practice/network-and-cluster-perfermance-test.html" >
< b > 6.4.3.< / b >
网络和集群性能测试
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.4.4" data-path = "../practice/edge-node-configuration.html" >
< a href = "../practice/edge-node-configuration.html" >
< b > 6.4.4.< / b >
边缘节点配置
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.4.5" data-path = "../practice/nginx-ingress-installation.html" >
< a href = "../practice/nginx-ingress-installation.html" >
< b > 6.4.5.< / b >
安装 Nginx ingress
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.4.6" data-path = "../practice/dns-installation.html" >
< a href = "../practice/dns-installation.html" >
< b > 6.4.6.< / b >
安装配置 DNS
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.4.6.1" data-path = "../practice/configuring-dns.html" >
< a href = "../practice/configuring-dns.html" >
< b > 6.4.6.1.< / b >
安装配置 Kube-dns
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.4.6.2" data-path = "../practice/coredns.html" >
< a href = "../practice/coredns.html" >
< b > 6.4.6.2.< / b >
安装配置 CoreDNS
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.5" data-path = "../practice/operation.html" >
< a href = "../practice/operation.html" >
< b > 6.5.< / b >
运维管理
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.5.1" data-path = "../practice/master-ha.html" >
< a href = "../practice/master-ha.html" >
< b > 6.5.1.< / b >
Master 节点高可用
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.5.2" data-path = "../practice/service-rolling-update.html" >
< a href = "../practice/service-rolling-update.html" >
< b > 6.5.2.< / b >
服务滚动升级
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.5.3" data-path = "../practice/app-log-collection.html" >
< a href = "../practice/app-log-collection.html" >
< b > 6.5.3.< / b >
应用日志收集
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.5.4" data-path = "../practice/configuration-best-practice.html" >
< a href = "../practice/configuration-best-practice.html" >
< b > 6.5.4.< / b >
配置最佳实践
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.5.5" data-path = "../practice/monitor.html" >
< a href = "../practice/monitor.html" >
< b > 6.5.5.< / b >
集群及应用监控
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.5.6" data-path = "../practice/data-persistence-problem.html" >
< a href = "../practice/data-persistence-problem.html" >
< b > 6.5.6.< / b >
数据持久化问题
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.5.7" data-path = "../practice/manage-compute-resources-container.html" >
< a href = "../practice/manage-compute-resources-container.html" >
< b > 6.5.7.< / b >
管理容器的计算资源
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.6" data-path = "../practice/storage.html" >
< a href = "../practice/storage.html" >
< b > 6.6.< / b >
存储管理
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.6.1" data-path = "../practice/glusterfs.html" >
< a href = "../practice/glusterfs.html" >
< b > 6.6.1.< / b >
GlusterFS
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.6.1.1" data-path = "../practice/using-glusterfs-for-persistent-storage.html" >
< a href = "../practice/using-glusterfs-for-persistent-storage.html" >
< b > 6.6.1.1.< / b >
使用 GlusterFS 做持久化存储
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.6.1.2" data-path = "../practice/using-heketi-gluster-for-persistent-storage.html" >
< a href = "../practice/using-heketi-gluster-for-persistent-storage.html" >
< b > 6.6.1.2.< / b >
使用 Heketi 作为 Kubernetes 的持久存储 GlusterFS 的 external provisioner
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.6.1.3" data-path = "../practice/storage-for-containers-using-glusterfs-with-openshift.html" >
< a href = "../practice/storage-for-containers-using-glusterfs-with-openshift.html" >
< b > 6.6.1.3.< / b >
在 OpenShift 中使用 GlusterFS 做持久化存储
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.6.2" data-path = "../practice/glusterd-2.0.html" >
< a href = "../practice/glusterd-2.0.html" >
< b > 6.6.2.< / b >
GlusterD-2.0
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.6.3" data-path = "../practice/ceph.html" >
< a href = "../practice/ceph.html" >
< b > 6.6.3.< / b >
Ceph
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.6.3.1" data-path = "../practice/ceph-helm-install-guide-zh.html" >
< a href = "../practice/ceph-helm-install-guide-zh.html" >
< b > 6.6.3.1.< / b >
用 Helm 托管安装 Ceph 集群并提供后端存储
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.6.3.2" data-path = "../practice/using-ceph-for-persistent-storage.html" >
< a href = "../practice/using-ceph-for-persistent-storage.html" >
< b > 6.6.3.2.< / b >
使用 Ceph 做持久化存储
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.6.3.3" data-path = "../practice/rbd-provisioner.html" >
< a href = "../practice/rbd-provisioner.html" >
< b > 6.6.3.3.< / b >
使用 rbd-provisioner 提供 rbd 持久化存储
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.6.4" data-path = "../practice/openebs.html" >
< a href = "../practice/openebs.html" >
< b > 6.6.4.< / b >
OpenEBS
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.6.4.1" data-path = "../practice/using-openebs-for-persistent-storage.html" >
< a href = "../practice/using-openebs-for-persistent-storage.html" >
< b > 6.6.4.1.< / b >
使用 OpenEBS 做持久化存储
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.6.5" data-path = "../practice/rook.html" >
< a href = "../practice/rook.html" >
< b > 6.6.5.< / b >
Rook
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.6.6" data-path = "../practice/nfs.html" >
< a href = "../practice/nfs.html" >
< b > 6.6.6.< / b >
NFS
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.6.6.1" data-path = "../practice/using-nfs-for-persistent-storage.html" >
< a href = "../practice/using-nfs-for-persistent-storage.html" >
< b > 6.6.6.1.< / b >
利用 NFS 动态提供 Kubernetes 后端存储卷
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.7" data-path = "../practice/monitoring.html" >
< a href = "../practice/monitoring.html" >
< b > 6.7.< / b >
集群与应用监控
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.7.1" data-path = "../practice/heapster.html" >
< a href = "../practice/heapster.html" >
< b > 6.7.1.< / b >
Heapster
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.7.1.1" data-path = "../practice/using-heapster-to-get-object-metrics.html" >
< a href = "../practice/using-heapster-to-get-object-metrics.html" >
< b > 6.7.1.1.< / b >
使用 Heapster 获取集群和对象的 metric 数据
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.7.2" data-path = "../practice/prometheus.html" >
< a href = "../practice/prometheus.html" >
< b > 6.7.2.< / b >
Prometheus
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.7.2.1" data-path = "../practice/using-prometheus-to-monitor-kuberentes-cluster.html" >
< a href = "../practice/using-prometheus-to-monitor-kuberentes-cluster.html" >
< b > 6.7.2.1.< / b >
2021-11-09 17:32:02 +08:00
使用 Prometheus 监控 Kubernetes 集群
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.7.2.2" data-path = "../practice/promql.html" >
< a href = "../practice/promql.html" >
< b > 6.7.2.2.< / b >
Prometheus 查询语言 PromQL 使用说明
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.8" data-path = "../practice/distributed-tracing.html" >
< a href = "../practice/distributed-tracing.html" >
< b > 6.8.< / b >
分布式追踪
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.8.1" data-path = "../practice/opentracing.html" >
< a href = "../practice/opentracing.html" >
< b > 6.8.1.< / b >
OpenTracing
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.9" data-path = "../practice/services-management-tool.html" >
< a href = "../practice/services-management-tool.html" >
< b > 6.9.< / b >
服务编排管理
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.9.1" data-path = "../practice/helm.html" >
< a href = "../practice/helm.html" >
< b > 6.9.1.< / b >
使用 Helm 管理 Kubernetes 应用
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.9.2" data-path = "../practice/create-private-charts-repo.html" >
< a href = "../practice/create-private-charts-repo.html" >
< b > 6.9.2.< / b >
构建私有 Chart 仓库
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.10" data-path = "../practice/ci-cd.html" >
< a href = "../practice/ci-cd.html" >
< b > 6.10.< / b >
2022-01-18 10:33:37 +08:00
持续集成与发布( CI/CD)
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.10.1" data-path = "../practice/jenkins-ci-cd.html" >
< a href = "../practice/jenkins-ci-cd.html" >
< b > 6.10.1.< / b >
使用 Jenkins 进行持续集成与发布
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.10.2" data-path = "../practice/drone-ci-cd.html" >
< a href = "../practice/drone-ci-cd.html" >
< b > 6.10.2.< / b >
使用 Drone 进行持续集成与发布
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.11" data-path = "../practice/update-and-upgrade.html" >
< a href = "../practice/update-and-upgrade.html" >
< b > 6.11.< / b >
更新与升级
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.11.1" data-path = "../practice/manually-upgrade.html" >
< a href = "../practice/manually-upgrade.html" >
< b > 6.11.1.< / b >
手动升级 Kubernetes 集群
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.11.2" data-path = "../practice/dashboard-upgrade.html" >
< a href = "../practice/dashboard-upgrade.html" >
< b > 6.11.2.< / b >
升级 dashboard
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.12" data-path = "../practice/controller-extended.html" >
< a href = "../practice/controller-extended.html" >
< b > 6.12.< / b >
扩展控制器
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.12.1" data-path = "../practice/openkruise.html" >
< a href = "../practice/openkruise.html" >
< b > 6.12.1.< / b >
OpenKruise
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.12.1.1" data-path = "../practice/in-place-update.html" >
< a href = "../practice/in-place-update.html" >
< b > 6.12.1.1.< / b >
原地升级
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
2021-06-30 15:18:58 +08:00
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.13" data-path = "../practice/security-policy.html" >
< a href = "../practice/security-policy.html" >
< b > 6.13.< / b >
安全策略
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.13.1" data-path = "../practice/open-policy-agent.html" >
< a href = "../practice/open-policy-agent.html" >
< b > 6.13.1.< / b >
2021-11-09 17:32:02 +08:00
开放策略代理( OPA)
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< / a >
2021-08-06 14:42:13 +08:00
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.13.2" data-path = "../practice/cloud-native-security.html" >
< a href = "../practice/cloud-native-security.html" >
< b > 6.13.2.< / b >
云原生安全
< / a >
2021-06-30 15:18:58 +08:00
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
< li class = "header" > 服务网格< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.1" data-path = "service-mesh.html" >
< a href = "service-mesh.html" >
< b > 7.1.< / b >
服务网格( Service Mesh)
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.2" data-path = "the-enterprise-path-to-service-mesh-architectures.html" >
< a href = "the-enterprise-path-to-service-mesh-architectures.html" >
< b > 7.2.< / b >
企业级服务网格架构
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.2.1" data-path = "service-mesh-fundamental.html" >
< a href = "service-mesh-fundamental.html" >
< b > 7.2.1.< / b >
服务网格基础
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.2.2" data-path = "comparing-service-mesh-technologies.html" >
< a href = "comparing-service-mesh-technologies.html" >
< b > 7.2.2.< / b >
服务网格技术对比
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter active" data-level = "7.2.3" data-path = "service-mesh-vs-api-gateway.html" >
< a href = "service-mesh-vs-api-gateway.html" >
< b > 7.2.3.< / b >
服务网格对比 API 网关
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.2.4" data-path = "service-mesh-adoption-and-evolution.html" >
< a href = "service-mesh-adoption-and-evolution.html" >
< b > 7.2.4.< / b >
采纳和演进
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.2.5" data-path = "service-mesh-customization-and-integration.html" >
< a href = "service-mesh-customization-and-integration.html" >
< b > 7.2.5.< / b >
定制和集成
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.2.6" data-path = "service-mesh-conclusion.html" >
< a href = "service-mesh-conclusion.html" >
< b > 7.2.6.< / b >
总结
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.3" data-path = "istio.html" >
< a href = "istio.html" >
< b > 7.3.< / b >
Istio
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.3.1" data-path = "before-using-istio.html" >
< a href = "before-using-istio.html" >
< b > 7.3.1.< / b >
使用 Istio 前需要考虑的问题
< / a >
< / li >
2021-12-12 21:39:36 +08:00
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.3.2" data-path = "sidecar-spec-in-istio.html" >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
< a href = "sidecar-spec-in-istio.html" >
2021-12-12 21:39:36 +08:00
< b > 7.3.2.< / b >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
Istio 中 sidecar 的注入规范及示例
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.3.3" data-path = "istio-community-tips.html" >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
< a href = "istio-community-tips.html" >
2021-12-12 21:39:36 +08:00
< b > 7.3.3.< / b >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
如何参与 Istio 社区及注意事项
< / a >
< / li >
2021-12-12 21:39:36 +08:00
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.3.4" data-path = "istio-tutorials-collection.html" >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
< a href = "istio-tutorials-collection.html" >
2021-12-12 21:39:36 +08:00
< b > 7.3.4.< / b >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
Istio 免费学习资源汇总
< / a >
< / li >
2021-12-12 21:39:36 +08:00
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.3.5" data-path = "understand-sidecar-injection-and-traffic-hijack-in-istio-service-mesh.html" >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
< a href = "understand-sidecar-injection-and-traffic-hijack-in-istio-service-mesh.html" >
2021-12-12 21:39:36 +08:00
< b > 7.3.5.< / b >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
Sidecar 的注入与流量劫持
< / a >
< / li >
2021-12-12 21:39:36 +08:00
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.3.6" data-path = "envoy-sidecar-routing-of-istio-service-mesh-deep-dive.html" >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
< a href = "envoy-sidecar-routing-of-istio-service-mesh-deep-dive.html" >
2021-12-12 21:39:36 +08:00
< b > 7.3.6.< / b >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
Envoy Sidecar 代理的路由转发
< / a >
< / li >
2021-12-12 21:39:36 +08:00
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.3.7" data-path = "how-to-integrate-istio-with-vm.html" >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
< a href = "how-to-integrate-istio-with-vm.html" >
2021-12-12 21:39:36 +08:00
< b > 7.3.7.< / b >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
Istio 如何支持虚拟机
< / a >
< / li >
2021-12-12 21:39:36 +08:00
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.3.8" data-path = "istio-vm-support.html" >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
< a href = "istio-vm-support.html" >
2021-12-12 21:39:36 +08:00
< b > 7.3.8.< / b >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
Istio 支持虚拟机的历史
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.4" data-path = "envoy.html" >
< a href = "envoy.html" >
< b > 7.4.< / b >
Envoy
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.4.1" data-path = "envoy-terminology.html" >
< a href = "envoy-terminology.html" >
< b > 7.4.1.< / b >
Envoy 的架构与基本术语
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.4.2" data-path = "envoy-front-proxy.html" >
< a href = "envoy-front-proxy.html" >
< b > 7.4.2.< / b >
Envoy 作为前端代理
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.4.3" data-path = "envoy-mesh-in-kubernetes-tutorial.html" >
< a href = "envoy-mesh-in-kubernetes-tutorial.html" >
< b > 7.4.3.< / b >
Envoy mesh 教程
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "header" > 领域应用< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.1" data-path = "./" >
< a href = "./" >
< b > 8.1.< / b >
领域应用概览
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.2" data-path = "microservices.html" >
< a href = "microservices.html" >
< b > 8.2.< / b >
微服务架构
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.2.1" data-path = "service-discovery-in-microservices.html" >
< a href = "service-discovery-in-microservices.html" >
< b > 8.2.1.< / b >
微服务中的服务发现
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.2.2" data-path = "microservices-for-java-developers.html" >
< a href = "microservices-for-java-developers.html" >
< b > 8.2.2.< / b >
使用 Java 构建微服务并发布到 Kubernetes 平台
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.2.2.1" data-path = "spring-boot-quick-start-guide.html" >
< a href = "spring-boot-quick-start-guide.html" >
< b > 8.2.2.1.< / b >
Spring Boot 快速开始指南
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.3" data-path = "big-data.html" >
< a href = "big-data.html" >
< b > 8.3.< / b >
大数据
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
2021-10-30 08:21:32 +08:00
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.3.1" data-path = "spark-on-kubernetes.html" >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
2021-10-30 08:21:32 +08:00
< a href = "spark-on-kubernetes.html" >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
< b > 8.3.1.< / b >
2021-10-30 08:21:32 +08:00
Spark 与 Kubernetes
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.3.1.1" data-path = "spark-standalone-on-kubernetes.html" >
< a href = "spark-standalone-on-kubernetes.html" >
< b > 8.3.1.1.< / b >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
Spark standalone on Kubernetes
< / a >
< / li >
2021-10-30 08:21:32 +08:00
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.3.1.2" data-path = "running-spark-with-kubernetes-native-scheduler.html" >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
< a href = "running-spark-with-kubernetes-native-scheduler.html" >
2021-10-30 08:21:32 +08:00
< b > 8.3.1.2.< / b >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
运行支持 Kubernetes 原生调度的 Spark 程序
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
2021-10-30 08:21:32 +08:00
< / ul >
< / li >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.4" data-path = "serverless.html" >
< a href = "serverless.html" >
< b > 8.4.< / b >
Serverless 架构
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.4.1" data-path = "understanding-serverless.html" >
< a href = "understanding-serverless.html" >
< b > 8.4.1.< / b >
理解 Serverless
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.4.2" data-path = "faas.html" >
< a href = "faas.html" >
< b > 8.4.2.< / b >
FaaS( 函数即服务)
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.4.2.1" data-path = "openfaas-quick-start.html" >
< a href = "openfaas-quick-start.html" >
< b > 8.4.2.1.< / b >
OpenFaaS 快速入门指南
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.4.3" data-path = "knative.html" >
< a href = "knative.html" >
< b > 8.4.3.< / b >
Knative
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.5" data-path = "edge-computing.html" >
< a href = "edge-computing.html" >
< b > 8.5.< / b >
边缘计算
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.6" data-path = "ai.html" >
< a href = "ai.html" >
< b > 8.6.< / b >
人工智能
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.7" data-path = "observability.html" >
< a href = "observability.html" >
< b > 8.7.< / b >
可观察性
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "header" > 开发指南< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.1" data-path = "../develop/" >
< a href = "../develop/" >
< b > 9.1.< / b >
开发指南概览
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.2" data-path = "../develop/sigs-and-working-group.html" >
< a href = "../develop/sigs-and-working-group.html" >
< b > 9.2.< / b >
SIG 和工作组
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.3" data-path = "../develop/developing-environment.html" >
< a href = "../develop/developing-environment.html" >
< b > 9.3.< / b >
开发环境搭建
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.3.1" data-path = "../develop/using-vagrant-and-virtualbox-for-development.html" >
< a href = "../develop/using-vagrant-and-virtualbox-for-development.html" >
< b > 9.3.1.< / b >
本地分布式开发环境搭建(使用 Vagrant 和 Virtualbox)
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.4" data-path = "../develop/testing.html" >
< a href = "../develop/testing.html" >
< b > 9.4.< / b >
单元测试和集成测试
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.5" data-path = "../develop/client-go-sample.html" >
< a href = "../develop/client-go-sample.html" >
< b > 9.5.< / b >
client-go 示例
< / a >
2021-07-01 10:02:38 +08:00
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.5.1" data-path = "../develop/client-go-informer-sourcecode-analyse.html" >
< a href = "../develop/client-go-informer-sourcecode-analyse.html" >
< b > 9.5.1.< / b >
client-go 中的 informer 源码分析
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.6" data-path = "../develop/operator.html" >
< a href = "../develop/operator.html" >
< b > 9.6.< / b >
Operator
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.6.1" data-path = "../develop/operator-sdk.html" >
< a href = "../develop/operator-sdk.html" >
< b > 9.6.1.< / b >
operator-sdk
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.7" data-path = "../develop/kubebuilder.html" >
< a href = "../develop/kubebuilder.html" >
< b > 9.7.< / b >
kubebuilder
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.7.1" data-path = "../develop/kubebuilder-example.html" >
< a href = "../develop/kubebuilder-example.html" >
< b > 9.7.1.< / b >
使用 kubebuilder 创建 operator 示例
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.8" data-path = "../develop/advance-developer.html" >
< a href = "../develop/advance-developer.html" >
< b > 9.8.< / b >
高级开发指南
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.9" data-path = "../develop/contribute.html" >
< a href = "../develop/contribute.html" >
< b > 9.9.< / b >
社区贡献
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "9.10" data-path = "../develop/minikube.html" >
< a href = "../develop/minikube.html" >
< b > 9.10.< / b >
Minikube
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "header" > 社区及生态< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "10.1" data-path = "../cloud-native/cncf.html" >
< a href = "../cloud-native/cncf.html" >
< b > 10.1.< / b >
云原生计算基金会( CNCF)
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "10.1.1" data-path = "../cloud-native/cncf-charter.html" >
< a href = "../cloud-native/cncf-charter.html" >
< b > 10.1.1.< / b >
CNCF 章程
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "10.1.2" data-path = "../cloud-native/cncf-sig.html" >
< a href = "../cloud-native/cncf-sig.html" >
< b > 10.1.2.< / b >
CNCF 特别兴趣小组( SIG) 说明
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "10.1.3" data-path = "../cloud-native/cncf-sandbox-criteria.html" >
< a href = "../cloud-native/cncf-sandbox-criteria.html" >
< b > 10.1.3.< / b >
开源项目加入 CNCF Sandbox 的要求
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "10.1.4" data-path = "../cloud-native/cncf-project-governing.html" >
< a href = "../cloud-native/cncf-project-governing.html" >
< b > 10.1.4.< / b >
CNCF 中的项目治理
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "10.1.5" data-path = "../cloud-native/cncf-ambassador.html" >
< a href = "../cloud-native/cncf-ambassador.html" >
< b > 10.1.5.< / b >
CNCF Ambassador
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
2021-11-09 17:32:02 +08:00
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "10.2" data-path = "../cloud-native/certification.html" >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
< a href = "../cloud-native/certification.html" >
2021-11-09 17:32:02 +08:00
< b > 10.2.< / b >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
认证及培训
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
2021-11-09 17:32:02 +08:00
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "10.2.1" data-path = "../appendix/about-kcsp.html" >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
< a href = "../appendix/about-kcsp.html" >
2021-11-09 17:32:02 +08:00
< b > 10.2.1.< / b >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
认证 Kubernetes 服务提供商( KCSP) 说明
< / a >
< / li >
2021-11-09 17:32:02 +08:00
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "10.2.2" data-path = "../appendix/about-cka-candidate.html" >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
< a href = "../appendix/about-cka-candidate.html" >
2021-11-09 17:32:02 +08:00
< b > 10.2.2.< / b >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
认证 Kubernetes 管理员( CKA) 说明
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "header" > 附录< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "11.1" data-path = "../appendix/" >
< a href = "../appendix/" >
< b > 11.1.< / b >
附录说明
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "11.2" data-path = "../appendix/debug-kubernetes-services.html" >
< a href = "../appendix/debug-kubernetes-services.html" >
< b > 11.2.< / b >
Kubernetes 中的应用故障排查
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "11.3" data-path = "../appendix/material-share.html" >
< a href = "../appendix/material-share.html" >
< b > 11.3.< / b >
2022-02-08 16:44:08 +08:00
Kubernetes 参考资源
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
< / a >
< / li >
2022-02-08 16:44:08 +08:00
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "11.4" data-path = "../appendix/tricks.html" >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
< a href = "../appendix/tricks.html" >
2022-02-08 16:44:08 +08:00
< b > 11.4.< / b >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
2021-10-20 17:17:43 +08:00
Kubernetes 使用技巧
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
< / a >
< / li >
2022-02-08 16:44:08 +08:00
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "11.5" data-path = "../appendix/issues.html" >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
< a href = "../appendix/issues.html" >
2022-02-08 16:44:08 +08:00
< b > 11.5.< / b >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
2021-10-20 17:17:43 +08:00
Kubernetes 相关问题记录
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
< / a >
< / li >
2022-02-08 16:44:08 +08:00
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "11.6" data-path = "../appendix/summary-and-outlook.html" >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
< a href = "../appendix/summary-and-outlook.html" >
2022-02-08 16:44:08 +08:00
< b > 11.6.< / b >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
Kubernetes 及云原生年度总结及展望
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
2022-02-08 16:44:08 +08:00
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "11.6.1" data-path = "../appendix/kubernetes-and-cloud-native-summary-in-2017-and-outlook-for-2018.html" >
2021-04-06 19:01:23 +08:00
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< a href = ".." > 服务网格对比 API 网关< / a >
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< h1 id = "服务网格对比-api-网关" > 服 务 网 格 对 比 API 网 关 < / h1 >
< p > API网 关 ( API Gateway) 为 所 有 与 应 用 程 序 后 端 交 互 的 客 户 端 流 量 提 供 单 一 的 入 口 和 出 口 点 , 作 为 集 群 南 北 流 量 的 入 口 ; 服 务 网 格 既 可 以 管 理 南 北 流 量 , 又 可 以 管 理 集 群 内 部 的 东 西 流 量 , 其 基 本 涵 盖 了 API 网 关 的 功 能 。 < / p >
< p > 本 文 将 为 你 介 绍 : < / p >
< ul >
< li > 为 什 么 需 要 API 网 关 ? < / li >
< li > 何 时 使 用 网 关 ? < / li >
< li > 服 务 网 格 与 API 网 关 有 什 么 关 系 ? < / li >
< li > 使 用 服 务 网 格 后 还 需 要 API 网 关 吗 ? < / li >
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< h2 id = "为什么需要-api-网关?" > 为 什 么 需 要 API 网 关 ? < / h2 >
< p > 客 户 端 可 能 是 你 的 应 用 程 序 的 前 端 , 形 式 是 网 页 或 应 用 程 序 , 也 可 能 是 你 的 组 织 内 部 需 要 与 你 的 应 用 程 序 交 互 的 其 他 内 部 服 务 , 或 者 是 第 三 方 客 户 端 应 用 程 序 和 网 站 。 像 API代 理 一 样 , 网 关 接 收 传 入 的 请 求 , 并 将 其 引 导 到 系 统 的 相 关 部 分 , 然 后 将 响 应 转 发 回 客 户 端 。 但 API网 关 不 仅 仅 是 一 个 简 单 的 反 向 代 理 服 务 , 它 提 供 了 一 个 统 一 的 接 口 , 并 提 供 了 安 全 、 负 载 均 衡 、 请 求 和 响 应 转 换 、 监 控 和 追 踪 等 功 能 。 < / p >
< h2 id = "什么是-api-网关?" > 什 么 是 API 网 关 ? < / h2 >
< p > API 网 关 主 要 功 能 是 : 作 为 客 户 端 访 问 的 统 一 界 面 , 并 且 可 以 管 理 API, 确 保 流 量 安 全 。 < / p >
< h3 id = "统一界面" > 统 一 界 面 < / h3 >
< p > API网 关 的 主 要 好 处 之 一 是 能 够 将 后 端 系 统 的 复 杂 性 与 客 户 端 交 互 的 外 向 API解 耦 。 API网 关 在 微 服 务 架 构 中 特 别 受 欢 迎 , 在 微 服 务 架 构 中 , 一 个 应 用 程 序 可 能 由 数 十 甚 至 数 百 个 松 散 耦 合 的 服 务 组 成 , 这 些 服 务 通 过 网 络 相 互 通 信 。 通 过 将 系 统 分 解 为 微 服 务 ( 基 于 业 务 功 能 的 较 小 组 件 ) , 开 发 团 队 可 以 比 单 体 设 计 更 快 速 地 交 付 变 更 。 < / p >
< p > 然 而 , 微 服 务 架 构 的 更 大 灵 活 性 和 敏 捷 性 带 来 了 更 大 的 复 杂 性 ; 每 个 服 务 可 能 用 不 同 的 语 言 或 框 架 编 写 , 并 通 过 API、 RPC或 消 息 协 议 与 其 他 组 件 进 行 通 信 。 这 就 是 API网 关 的 作 用 。 API网 关 不 是 要 求 系 统 外 的 客 户 端 直 接 与 各 种 后 端 服 务 交 互 , 而 是 在 系 统 边 缘 添 加 一 个 API网 关 , 为 外 部 客 户 提 供 一 个 统 一 的 接 。 网 关 作 为 一 个 抽 象 层 , 为 整 个 应 用 提 供 面 向 外 部 的 API端 点 , 并 掩 盖 了 底 层 服 务 的 复 杂 性 。 < / p >
< p > 在 后 端 和 客 户 端 之 间 有 了 这 个 抽 象 层 , 又 增 加 了 一 个 好 处 。 微 服 务 架 构 的 优 势 之 一 是 , 各 个 团 队 可 以 快 速 、 定 期 发 布 变 更 。 然 而 , 当 这 些 变 化 涉 及 到 对 API的 定 期 更 新 时 , 客 户 端 可 能 很 难 保 持 更 新 。 使 用 API网 关 可 以 让 面 向 外 部 的 API端 点 保 持 更 稳 定 , 后 端 变 化 会 影 响 到 从 网 关 到 后 端 的 连 接 , 而 客 户 端 保 持 不 变 , 除 非 正 在 添 加 或 删 除 功 能 。 < / p >
< p > 此 外 , 对 于 从 单 体 架 构 过 渡 到 微 服 务 的 组 织 来 说 , 提 供 一 致 的 面 向 客 户 端 的 接 口 可 以 使 过 渡 过 程 更 加 顺 利 , 因 为 这 样 对 前 端 来 说 是 透 明 的 , 后 端 的 变 化 是 隐 藏 的 。 < / p >
< h3 id = "管理-api" > 管 理 API< / h3 >
< p > API代 理 只 是 简 单 地 路 由 请 求 和 响 应 , 而 API网 关 则 提 供 了 围 绕 管 理 传 入 和 传 出 流 量 的 额 外 功 能 。 网 关 还 可 以 处 理 跨 多 个 后 端 实 例 的 服 务 发 现 和 请 求 的 负 载 均 衡 。 在 商 业 化 API的 情 况 下 , 客 户 根 据 请 求 的 数 量 和 /或 频 率 付 费 , 网 关 可 以 管 理 不 同 客 户 的 速 率 限 制 。 < / p >
< p > API网 关 可 以 通 过 金 丝 雀 发 布 来 促 进 新 功 能 的 发 布 过 程 。 网 关 将 指 定 比 例 的 传 入 请 求 路 由 到 服 务 的 新 版 本 , 使 负 责 的 团 队 能 够 监 控 问 题 , 同 时 限 制 任 何 失 败 的 影 响 。 一 旦 团 队 有 信 心 , 流 量 就 会 切 换 到 新 版 本 。 < / p >
< p > 网 关 的 配 置 通 常 通 过 命 令 行 界 面 或 管 理 员 API应 用 的 策 略 进 行 管 理 , 有 些 网 关 还 提 供 管 理 GUI。 < / p >
< h3 id = "确保流量安全" > 确 保 流 量 安 全 < / h3 >
< p > 作 为 您 的 应 用 程 序 的 入 口 点 , API网 关 的 理 想 定 位 是 确 保 传 入 请 求 的 安 全 和 保 护 您 的 系 统 。 在 网 关 上 实 施 身 份 验 证 和 授 权 可 以 防 止 恶 意 行 为 者 获 得 对 服 务 的 访 问 , 而 节 流 请 求 的 数 量 和 维 护 白 名 单 和 /或 黑 名 单 可 以 降 低 分 布 式 拒 绝 服 务 攻 击 的 风 险 。 API网 关 还 可 以 管 理 客 户 端 之 间 和 系 统 内 部 的 通 信 加 密 。 < / p >
< p > 在 网 关 处 应 用 安 全 性 , 不 仅 可 以 减 少 潜 在 的 攻 击 面 , 还 可 以 确 保 策 略 的 应 用 一 致 且 高 效 。 在 微 服 务 架 构 中 , 集 中 式 管 理 比 要 求 为 每 个 服 务 实 现 相 同 的 功 能 更 有 效 率 , 因 为 要 实 现 的 话 可 能 会 使 用 不 同 的 语 言 和 框 架 。 < / p >
< h2 id = "何时需要使用-api-网关?" > 何 时 需 要 使 用 API 网 关 ? < / h2 >
< p > 虽 然 API以 各 种 形 式 存 在 了 几 十 年 , 但 在 过 去 的 10年 里 , API的 数 量 有 了 巨 大 的 增 长 , 因 为 组 织 越 来 越 多 地 采 用 API优 先 的 开 发 方 法 。 在 构 建 产 品 时 , 不 是 将 客 户 端 如 网 站 或 基 于 GUI的 应 用 程 序 与 后 端 紧 密 耦 合 , 然 后 构 建 和 暴 露 API, 以 允 许 第 三 方 与 同 一 系 统 进 行 交 互 , 而 是 专 注 于 提 供 一 个 对 外 的 API, 该 API将 被 内 部 和 外 部 的 所 有 客 户 消 费 。 这 样 不 仅 效 率 更 高 , 而 且 还 能 为 系 统 提 供 更 多 的 使 用 机 会 。 < / p >
< p > 举 个 简 单 的 例 子 , 一 家 航 空 公 司 有 一 个 管 理 航 班 时 刻 表 和 可 用 性 的 系 统 。 同 样 的 API可 以 被 航 空 公 司 自 己 的 网 站 和 移 动 应 用 以 及 第 三 方 旅 行 预 订 服 务 使 用 , 无 论 是 面 向 企 业 还 是 面 向 消 费 者 。 虽 然 API优 先 的 方 法 避 免 了 新 功 能 发 布 时 的 重 复 工 作 , 但 通 过 网 关 提 供 API可 避 免 客 户 因 后 端 变 化 而 受 到 不 必 要 的 影 响 , 并 允 许 航 空 公 司 监 控 和 确 保 使 用 、 管 理 性 能 和 交 易 变 现 。 例 如 , 航 空 公 司 可 能 希 望 对 来 自 第 三 方 客 户 端 的 请 求 适 用 不 同 的 速 率 限 制 , 并 根 据 交 易 数 量 收 费 。 < / p >
< p > 虽 然 API网 关 位 于 后 端 和 客 户 端 之 间 的 边 界 , 但 这 并 不 意 味 着 它 们 必 须 面 向 外 部 。 网 关 的 目 的 是 为 客 户 提 供 一 个 与 系 统 交 互 的 接 口 , 这 些 客 户 端 可 以 是 内 部 的 , 也 可 以 是 外 部 的 。 < / p >
< p > 例 如 , 如 果 一 个 组 织 有 多 个 独 立 的 内 部 系 统 , 例 如 一 个 管 理 产 品 订 单 的 系 统 和 一 个 独 立 的 财 务 系 统 , 可 能 需 要 允 许 一 个 系 统 向 另 一 个 系 统 发 出 请 求 。 订 单 管 理 系 统 边 缘 的 API网 关 将 允 许 财 务 系 统 请 求 有 关 订 单 的 数 据 。 该 网 关 还 可 以 支 持 一 个 客 户 端 网 络 应 用 , 供 财 务 团 队 用 户 查 看 数 据 和 生 成 报 表 ( 进 而 导 致 对 订 单 系 统 的 请 求 ) 。 当 然 , 也 可 以 建 立 一 个 由 这 些 功 能 和 数 据 存 储 组 成 的 单 一 系 统 ; 系 统 之 间 的 边 界 应 该 在 哪 里 , 取 决 于 业 务 需 求 和 背 景 。 < / p >
< h2 id = "选择api网关时的考虑因素" > 选 择 API网 关 时 的 考 虑 因 素 < / h2 >
< p > 在 决 定 一 个 API网 关 是 否 能 满 足 你 的 需 求 之 前 , 了 解 网 关 不 做 什 么 很 重 要 。 在 围 绕 微 服 务 构 建 的 系 统 中 , 通 过 网 关 进 来 的 每 个 请 求 必 须 被 路 由 到 相 关 的 服 务 。 只 有 在 后 端 服 务 之 间 已 经 存 在 网 络 和 通 信 方 法 的 情 况 下 , 网 关 才 能 路 由 这 些 请 求 。 在 同 步 通 信 或 异 步 通 信 之 间 进 行 选 择 , 是 按 服 务 实 现 还 是 使 用 服 务 网 格 , 这 都 是 系 统 设 计 的 重 要 部 分 , 是 否 需 要 API网 关 , 如 果 需 要 , 选 择 哪 一 个 。 < / p >
< p > 选 择 API网 关 时 , 要 同 时 考 虑 你 的 架 构 和 部 署 环 境 。 它 们 现 在 是 什 么 样 子 的 , 你 期 望 它 们 如 何 发 展 ? 你 可 能 会 从 头 开 始 构 建 一 个 云 原 生 系 统 , 以 便 利 用 容 器 和 自 动 可 扩 展 性 的 优 势 , 或 者 你 可 能 会 在 内 部 托 管 系 统 , 并 计 划 随 着 系 统 的 发 展 进 行 混 合 部 署 。 一 些 API网 关 是 为 特 定 环 境 设 计 的 , 而 另 一 些 则 提 供 了 与 您 的 应 用 程 序 一 起 发 展 的 灵 活 性 。 < / p >
< p > 根 据 设 计 , 在 您 的 系 统 中 添 加 一 个 API网 关 , 会 给 所 有 传 入 和 传 出 的 流 量 增 加 一 个 跳 转 。 因 此 , 在 为 您 的 系 统 选 择 网 关 时 , 性 能 应 该 是 一 个 关 键 的 考 虑 因 素 。 并 非 所 有 的 网 关 都 是 一 样 的 , 通 过 网 关 发 送 请 求 所 产 生 的 额 外 延 迟 会 对 最 终 用 户 产 生 明 显 的 影 响 。 另 一 方 面 , 一 些 网 关 允 许 您 跟 踪 请 求 和 响 应 时 间 。 这 些 性 能 数 据 不 仅 可 以 帮 助 您 优 化 系 统 , 而 且 还 可 以 在 某 些 东 西 没 有 按 照 预 期 工 作 时 提 供 指 示 。 < / p >
< h2 id = "使用api网关时的最佳实践" > 使 用 API网 关 时 的 最 佳 实 践 < / h2 >
< p > 作 为 系 统 的 单 一 入 口 和 出 口 点 , 网 关 需 要 确 保 对 系 统 的 访 问 安 全 。 确 保 用 户 在 通 过 之 前 进 行 身 份 验 证 和 请 求 授 权 , 应 用 转 换 以 确 保 响 应 中 只 包 含 必 要 的 信 息 , 以 及 速 率 限 制 和 流 量 节 流 都 可 以 在 网 关 上 实 施 。 < / p >
< p > 网 关 作 为 系 统 的 单 一 入 口 点 , 不 应 该 出 现 单 点 故 障 。 稳 健 可 靠 的 设 计 是 一 个 良 好 的 开 端 , 但 根 据 系 统 的 正 常 运 行 时 间 要 求 , 您 可 能 希 望 实 现 API网 关 的 高 可 用 性 集 群 。 有 些 网 关 要 求 为 每 个 实 例 复 制 数 据 存 储 , 从 而 增 加 了 整 体 成 本 , 而 其 他 网 关 则 支 持 单 数 据 库 和 多 数 据 库 实 现 。 < / p >
< p > 由 于 所 有 流 量 都 流 经 网 关 , 它 们 是 监 控 流 量 和 观 察 系 统 行 为 理 想 地 点 。 选 择 一 个 能 够 收 集 指 标 、 支 持 日 志 记 录 和 跟 踪 并 提 供 分 析 趋 势 的 仪 表 板 的 网 关 , 可 以 让 您 更 深 入 地 了 解 您 的 系 统 , 并 使 您 能 够 在 症 状 出 现 时 迅 速 对 问 题 做 出 反 应 。 < / p >
< h2 id = "服务网格与-api-网关的关系" > 服 务 网 格 与 API 网 关 的 关 系 < / h2 >
< p > 上 文 说 到 , API 网 关 负 责 管 理 进 出 集 群 的 入 口 , 即 < strong > 南 北 向 流 量 < / strong > ; 服 务 网 格 的 首 要 功 能 是 管 理 集 群 内 部 服 务 间 的 流 量 , 即 < strong > 东 西 向 流 量 < / strong > , 而 有 些 服 务 网 格 自 带 API 网 关 , 如 Istio 内 置 基 于 Envoy 的 API 网 关 , Istio 中 可 以 声 明 Gateway 对 象 并 与 VirtualService 绑 定 来 履 行 网 关 职 能 , 这 样 的 服 务 网 格 可 以 接 管 进 出 集 群 及 集 群 内 部 所 有 服 务 的 流 量 。 限 于 服 务 网 格 中 内 置 的 sidecar 主 要 作 为 代 理 而 存 在 , 而 未 对 作 为 API 网 关 的 功 能 作 定 制 开 发 , 可 能 在 功 能 上 逊 色 于 传 统 的 API 网 关 。 < / p >
< h2 id = "使用了-api-网关是否还需要服务网格?" > 使 用 了 API 网 关 是 否 还 需 要 服 务 网 格 ? < / h2 >
< p > API 网 关 和 服 务 网 格 并 非 二 选 一 , 两 者 可 以 同 时 存 在 。 如 果 你 已 经 有 稳 定 成 熟 的 微 服 务 中 间 件 , 对 于 集 群 内 服 务 的 安 全 性 、 可 观 察 性 要 求 不 高 , 可 以 继 续 沿 用 传 统 的 API 网 关 。 但 是 如 果 你 已 经 开 始 迁 移 到 服 务 网 格 , 并 且 希 望 构 建 零 信 任 网 络 , 对 集 群 内 服 务 进 行 全 方 位 的 可 观 察 性 分 析 , 可 以 继 续 使 用 API 网 关 和 服 务 网 格 , 或 逐 步 将 API 网 关 迁 移 到 服 务 网 格 中 。 < / p >
< h2 id = "如何为服务网格选择-api-网关?" > 如 何 为 服 务 网 格 选 择 API 网 关 ? < / h2 >
< p > < a href = "https://cloudnative.to/blog/how-to-pick-gateway-for-service-mesh/" target = "_blank" > 这 篇 文 章 < / a > 详 细 解 读 了 Kubernetes 如 何 对 外 暴 露 服 务 , Istio 服 务 网 格 是 如 何 支 持 API 网 关 的 , 虽 然 Istio 内 置 了 Gateway, 但 是 , 你 仍 然 可 以 选 择 自 己 喜 欢 的 网 关 , 如 Traefik, 参 考 < a href = "https://cloudnative.to/blog/using-traefik-ingress-controller-with-istio-service-mesh/" target = "_blank" > 在 Istio 服 务 网 格 中 使 用 Traefik Ingress Controller< / a > 。 < / p >
< h2 id = "结论" > 结 论 < / h2 >
< p > API网 关 为 客 户 与 您 的 系 统 进 行 交 互 提 供 了 一 个 一 致 的 接 口 , 也 是 管 理 请 求 和 响 应 的 中 心 点 。 在 微 服 务 架 构 中 , 它 们 可 以 用 来 实 现 原 本 必 须 在 每 个 单 独 服 务 中 复 制 的 功 能 , 并 且 可 以 帮 助 从 单 体 设 计 向 松 散 耦 合 的 服 务 平 滑 过 渡 。 < / p >
< p > 在 您 的 系 统 中 添 加 一 个 API网 关 具 有 许 多 优 势 , 但 它 也 增 加 了 另 一 个 需 要 配 置 和 维 护 的 组 件 , 因 此 您 需 要 确 保 它 得 到 有 效 的 使 用 。 在 选 择 网 关 时 , 请 考 虑 您 的 系 统 的 现 在 和 未 来 的 需 求 ; 一 个 高 性 能 、 低 延 迟 的 网 关 , 并 可 随 着 系 统 的 发 展 而 扩 展 功 能 , 将 确 保 它 在 不 给 系 统 增 加 多 余 重 量 的 情 况 下 提 供 价 值 。 < / p >
< h2 id = "参考" > 参 考 < / h2 >
< ul >
< li > < a href = "https://konghq.com/learning-center/api-gateway/" target = "_blank" > What is the Purpose of an API Gateway? - konghq.com< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "https://cloudnative.to/blog/how-to-pick-gateway-for-service-mesh/" target = "_blank" > 如 何 为 服 务 网 格 选 择 入 口 网 关 ? - cloudnative.to< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "https://cloudnative.to/blog/using-traefik-ingress-controller-with-istio-service-mesh/" target = "_blank" > 在 Istio 服 务 网 格 中 使 用 Traefik Ingress Controller - cloudnative.to< / a > < / li >
< / ul >
2022-02-03 14:59:09 +08:00
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