kubernetes-handbook/concepts/secret.md

# Secret

Secret解决了密码、token、密钥等敏感数据的配置问题，而不需要把这些敏感数据暴露到镜像或者Pod Spec中。Secret可以以Volume或者环境变量的方式使用。

Secret有三种类型：

* **Service Account** ：用来访问Kubernetes API，由Kubernetes自动创建，并且会自动挂载到Pod的`/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount`目录中；
* **Opaque** ：base64编码格式的Secret，用来存储密码、密钥等；
* **kubernetes.io/dockerconfigjson** ：用来存储私有docker registry的认证信息。

## Opaque Secret

Opaque类型的数据是一个map类型，要求value是base64编码格式：

```sh
$ echo -n "admin" | base64
YWRtaW4=
$ echo -n "1f2d1e2e67df" | base64
MWYyZDFlMmU2N2Rm
```

secrets.yml

```yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  name: mysecret
type: Opaque
data:
  password: MWYyZDFlMmU2N2Rm
  username: YWRtaW4=
```

接着，就可以创建secret了：`kubectl create -f secrets.yml`。

创建好secret之后，有两种方式来使用它： 

* 以Volume方式
* 以环境变量方式

### 将Secret挂载到Volume中

```yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  labels:
    name: db
  name: db
spec:
  volumes:
  - name: secrets
    secret:
      secretName: mysecret
  containers:
  - image: gcr.io/my_project_id/pg:v1
    name: db
    volumeMounts:
    - name: secrets
      mountPath: "/etc/secrets"
      readOnly: true
    ports:
    - name: cp
      containerPort: 5432
      hostPort: 5432
```

### 将Secret导出到环境变量中

```yaml
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: wordpress-deployment
spec:
  replicas: 2
  strategy:
      type: RollingUpdate
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: wordpress
        visualize: "true"
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: "wordpress"
        image: "wordpress"
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80
        env:
        - name: WORDPRESS_DB_USER
          valueFrom:
            secretKeyRef:
              name: mysecret
              key: username
        - name: WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD
          valueFrom:
            secretKeyRef:
              name: mysecret
              key: password
```

## kubernetes.io/dockerconfigjson

可以直接用`kubectl`命令来创建用于docker registry认证的secret：

```sh
$ kubectl create secret docker-registry myregistrykey --docker-server=DOCKER_REGISTRY_SERVER --docker-username=DOCKER_USER --docker-password=DOCKER_PASSWORD --docker-email=DOCKER_EMAIL
secret "myregistrykey" created.
```

也可以直接读取`~/.docker/config.json`的内容来创建：

```sh
$ cat ~/.docker/config.json | base64
$ cat > myregistrykey.yaml <<EOF
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  name: myregistrykey
data:
  .dockerconfigjson: UmVhbGx5IHJlYWxseSByZWVlZWVlZWVlZWFhYWFhYWFhYWFhYWFhYWFhYWFhYWFhYWFhYWxsbGxsbGxsbGxsbGxsbGxsbGxsbGxsbGxsbGxsbGx5eXl5eXl5eXl5eXl5eXl5eXl5eSBsbGxsbGxsbGxsbGxsbG9vb29vb29vb29vb29vb29vb29vb29vb29vb25ubm5ubm5ubm5ubm5ubm5ubm5ubm5ubmdnZ2dnZ2dnZ2dnZ2dnZ2dnZ2cgYXV0aCBrZXlzCg==
type: kubernetes.io/dockerconfigjson
EOF
$ kubectl create -f myregistrykey.yaml
```

在创建Pod的时候，通过`imagePullSecrets`来引用刚创建的`myregistrykey`:

```yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: foo
spec:
  containers:
    - name: foo
      image: janedoe/awesomeapp:v1
  imagePullSecrets:
    - name: myregistrykey
```

### Service Account

Service Account用来访问Kubernetes API，由Kubernetes自动创建，并且会自动挂载到Pod的`/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount`目录中。

```sh
$ kubectl run nginx --image nginx
deployment "nginx" created
$ kubectl get pods
NAME                     READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
nginx-3137573019-md1u2   1/1       Running   0          13s
$ kubectl exec nginx-3137573019-md1u2 ls /run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount
ca.crt
namespace
token
```